EP0188057A1 - Verschleissfeste Überzüge - Google Patents
Verschleissfeste Überzüge Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0188057A1 EP0188057A1 EP85307106A EP85307106A EP0188057A1 EP 0188057 A1 EP0188057 A1 EP 0188057A1 EP 85307106 A EP85307106 A EP 85307106A EP 85307106 A EP85307106 A EP 85307106A EP 0188057 A1 EP0188057 A1 EP 0188057A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- substrate
- coating
- tantalum
- palladium
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
- F04D29/02—Selection of particular materials
- F04D29/023—Selection of particular materials especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
- F04D29/26—Rotors specially for elastic fluids
- F04D29/32—Rotors specially for elastic fluids for axial flow pumps
- F04D29/321—Rotors specially for elastic fluids for axial flow pumps for axial flow compressors
- F04D29/324—Blades
Definitions
- This invention relates, in general, to coatings for metallic substrates and more particularly to novel two-layered erosion-resistant coatings which may be applied to gas turbine engine compressor blades without an attendant loss in fatigue life.
- Gas turbine engine compressor blades are conventionally fabricated from metallic substrates such as stainless steel or titanium alloys. The blades are subjected to severe erosion when operated in sand and dust environments. Blade erosion reduces compressor efficiency, requiring premature blade replacement.
- erosion resistant coatings such as tungsten and carbon (U.S. 4,147,820), platinum metals (U.S. 3,309,292; U.S. 3,890,456) and boron (U.S. 2,822,302).
- these coatings which have been identified by the art for imparting erosion resistance to substrates such as titanium and stainless steel alloy compressor blades promote sharp drops in fatigue properties of the substrates creating the initiation of cracks and fractures with an attendant reduction in the service life of the substrate. This effect of the fatigue life of the coated substrate is believed due to the fact that the erosion-resistant coatings of the prior art are hard materials which produce residual stress and accompanying strains in the substrate thereby accelerating a reduction in fatigue strength of the substrate.
- first layer which is applied directly to a substrate comprises palladium, platinum or nickel and the second layer, which overlies said first layer, comprises tantalum or chromium boride.
- first layer which is applied directly to a substrate
- second layer which overlies said first layer
- the coefficients of thermal expansion of the whole system, i.e., substrate, first layer and over layer, are matched closely to reduce residual stress and accompanying strains, whereby the fatigue life of the coated substrate is not deleteriously affected. Additional gains in fatigue life retention are achieved by using low coating deposition temperatures.
- Fatigue failure is believed to be the result of the application of fluctuating stresses over a long period of time.
- a major source of stress results from the difference in the coefficient of thermal expansion between the substrate material and the coating material. This difference in the coefficient of thermal expansion results in the coating being stressed by the substrate during thermal coating process cycling.
- the erosion-resistant coatings of the present invention ameliorate the problem of thermal expansion by using coating layers which have closely matched coefficients of thermal expansion so that it approaches the coefficient of thermal expansion of typical metallic alloy substrate materials. This is illustrated in the Table below which contains the coefficient of thermal expansion of several different coating materials and commonly used substrate materials.
- Ni, Pt, Pd, TaB 2 and CrB 2 have coefficients of thermal expansion which are closely matched to each other and also closely approach the coefficient of thermal expansion of a variety of stainless steel and titanium alloy substrates commonly used in gas turbine engine components.
- the coated substrates of the present invention exhibit excellent erosion- resistance with no deleterious reduction in fatigue life and this result is believed to be due to the close matching of the coefficient of thermal expansion between the coating layers and the substrate composition.
- the coatings of the present invention are thus distinguished from erosion resistant coatings of the prior art which exhibit sharp drops in fatigue properties, thus creating the initiation of cracks and fractures.
- Illustrative of this prior art is McCaughna, U.S. Patent No. 2,882,302 which discloses the plating of a refractory metal (e.g., tungsten, molybdenum or tantalum) with boron.
- a platinum interlayer may be placed between the refractory metal and the boride layer to act as a barrier.
- palladium or nickel acts as an interlayer between the substrate material (e.g., stainless steel) and the overlayer (i.e. boron and tantalum or chromium).
- D ils U.S. Patent No. 3,890,456 discloses a coating technique for depositing layers of various materials on turbine blades. At column 3, lines 44-47, Dils discusses deposition of a noble metal, such as platinum, rhodium or palladium.
- the layers comprising the coating of this invention may be of any suitable thickness. Particularly good results are obtained with the palladium, platinum or nickel-containing layer being between about 0.0001 inches to about 0.002 inches and the tantalum or chromium diboride layer being between about 0.001 inches and 0.003 inches. Optimum results are obtained when the palladium or nickel-containing layer is about between 0.0003 and about 0.001 inches and the tantalum or chromium boride overlayer is about 0.002 inches.
- Any suitable coating technique may be used to apply the first layer of the coating to the substrate material.
- Typical methods include electroplating, sputtering, ion-plating, pack coating, and vapor deposition, among others. While any suitable technique may be used, it is preferred to employ an electroplating, ion plating, sputtering or chemical vapor deposition (CV D ) process. Any suitable technique, likewise, may be used to apply the erosion-resistant tantalum or chromium boride layer to the palladium or nickel interlayer, a CVD or sputtering process being preferred.
- the surface of the substrate to be coated is first shot peened to provide compressive stresses therein.
- the shot peened surface is then thoroughly cleaned with a detergent, chlorinated solvent, or acidic or alkaline cleaning reagent to remove any remaining oil or light metal oxides, scale or other contaminants.
- the cleaned substrate is activated to effect final removal of adsorbed oxygen.
- the first layer is applied to the surface of the substrate by such conventional coating techniques as electroless-plating, CVD or sputtering. If electroplating is the coating method chosen, then activation of the substrate surface is conveniently accomplished by anodic or cathodic electrocleaning in an alkaline or acidic cleaning bath by the passage therethrough of the required electrical current. Plating is then accomplished using conventional plating baths such as a Watts nickel sulfate-chloride bath or a palladium diamino nitrite bath.
- CVD is elected for the coating application, then activation is accomplished by the passage of a hydrogen gas over the substrate surface. CVD is then accomplished using the volatilizable halide salt of the metal to be deposited and reacting these gases with hydrogen or other games at the appropriate temperature, e.g. 500° to 1850Qr to effect deposition of the metallic layer.
- bias sputtering can be used to activate the substrate.
- Deposition of the first metallic interlayer is accomplished with sputtering or ion-vapor plating using high purity targets of the desired metal coating material.
- Coating application of the second layer of tantalum or chromium boride over the first metallic layer preferably is accomplished at a temperature not exceeding 1900°F by CVD, sputtering, pack or other conventional coating processes.
- stress in the coating system is a function of the difference in the coefficients of thermal expansion between coating ( ⁇ ) and the difference in temperature between the substrate (room temperature) and the coating deposition temperature (A T).
- stress in the coating can be reduced by reducing the ⁇ ⁇ by using a coating material having a coefficient of expansion closely corresponding to that of the substrate and reducing the AT by using a lower temperature at which the coating is deposited.
- Tantalum or chromium boride coatings are conventionally applied at 1000 - 1900°F.
- the tantalum or chromium boride erosion-resistant coating is applied at a lower temperature i.e. a temperature between about 800°F and about 1400°F whereby improved fatigue life of the substrate is achieved.
- a gaseous mixture of a tantalum halide, e.g. TaCl 5 , a boron halide, e.g. BC1 3 , hydrogen gas and an inert gaseous diluent such as argon is flowed into a reaction chamber containing the first layer coated substrate heated to a temperature of about 1800 - 2000°F and the gaseous mixture is allowed to react and deposit on the heated substrate.
- the surfaces of individual C450 stainless steel substrates were first thoroughly cleaned free of all dirt, grease and other objectionable foreign matter followed by conditioning by means of shot peening.
- the cleaned surface of the substrate was then electroplated with a 0.5 - 1.5 mil coating of nickel using a Watts nickel sulfanate plating bath.
- the reaction chamber was maintained at 200 torr.
- the deposit was made at a rate of 0.0003 to O.OOlin/hr to the required coating thickness.
- a second coating consisting of a 0.5 to 1.5 mil thick Cr-B alloy was applied to the nickel plated substrate surface using a packing technique.
- the nickel plated substrate was successively put in a Cr powder pack and heated to about 1900°F followed by a boron powder pack at about 1400°F.
- the coated substrate specimens were tested for erosion- resistance using S.S. White erosion testing equipment. When using this equipment, the coated specimen is subjected to a pressurized blast of sand, which is impinged on the specimen from a 0.5 inch diameter nozzle spaced from the specimen.
- the conditions under which the erosion testing was performed were as follows:
- the specimens were blasted with sand at 30° and 90° sand impingement angles for 5 minutes.
- the erosive wear was measured as the volume of coating material lost per minute of sand impingement.
- the results of the erosive wear tests are recorded in Table I below.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
- Physical Vapour Deposition (AREA)
- Chemical Vapour Deposition (AREA)
- Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Electroplating Methods And Accessories (AREA)
- Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US67291184A | 1984-11-19 | 1984-11-19 | |
US672911 | 2000-09-28 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0188057A1 true EP0188057A1 (de) | 1986-07-23 |
Family
ID=24700541
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP85307106A Withdrawn EP0188057A1 (de) | 1984-11-19 | 1985-10-03 | Verschleissfeste Überzüge |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0188057A1 (de) |
JP (1) | JPS61127872A (de) |
BR (1) | BR8505579A (de) |
Cited By (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4839237A (en) * | 1986-05-28 | 1989-06-13 | Alsthom | Method of laying a cobalt-chromium-tungsten protective coating on a blade made of a tungsten alloy including vanadium, and a blade coated thereby |
EP0322812A2 (de) * | 1987-12-31 | 1989-07-05 | Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. | Harte äussere Beschichtungen, aufgetragen auf Titan oder Titanlegierungen |
WO1990002218A1 (de) * | 1988-08-26 | 1990-03-08 | Multi-Arc Gmbh | Verfahren zur plasmabeschichtung von gegenständen mit einem hartstoff |
US5009966A (en) * | 1987-12-31 | 1991-04-23 | Diwakar Garg | Hard outer coatings deposited on titanium or titanium alloys |
FR2665185A1 (fr) * | 1990-07-26 | 1992-01-31 | Snecma | Revetement anti-usure sur un substrat a base titane. |
US5126213A (en) * | 1987-05-18 | 1992-06-30 | The Secretary Of State For Defence In Her Britannic Majesty's Government Of The United Kingdom Of Great Britain And Northern Ireland | Coated near-alpha titanium articles |
EP0605179A1 (de) * | 1992-12-22 | 1994-07-06 | Citizen Watch Co. Ltd. | Mit hartem Kohlenstoff beschichtetes Material |
US7744986B2 (en) | 2005-08-16 | 2010-06-29 | Honeywell International Inc. | Multilayered erosion resistant coating for gas turbines |
EP1805344B1 (de) * | 2004-10-16 | 2011-03-16 | MTU Aero Engines AG | Verfahren zur herstellung eines mit einer verschleissschutzbeschichtung beschichteten bauteils |
FR3032725A1 (fr) * | 2015-02-12 | 2016-08-19 | Snecma | Procede de depot d'un revetement de protection contre l'erosion sur une piece metallique |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS63297737A (ja) * | 1987-05-29 | 1988-12-05 | Katsukawa Mikaroomu Kogyo Kk | ターボファンエンジンの高力アルミニウム合金製空気整流用静翼板のエロージョンの防止方法 |
KR20080012744A (ko) * | 2006-08-03 | 2008-02-12 | 유나이티드 테크놀로지스 코포레이션 | 부식 코팅되는 부품의 코팅전 버니싱 |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1954366B1 (de) * | 1969-10-29 | 1971-06-24 | Heraeus Gmbh W C | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von harten UEberzuegen aus Titan- und/oder Tantalverbindungen |
FR2110202A1 (de) * | 1970-10-02 | 1972-06-02 | Labo Suisse Rech Horlo | |
FR2185696A1 (de) * | 1972-05-22 | 1974-01-04 | Union Carbide Corp | |
US3824134A (en) * | 1971-10-12 | 1974-07-16 | Thornhill Craver Co | Metalliding process |
FR2447980A1 (fr) * | 1979-02-01 | 1980-08-29 | Johnson Matthey Co Ltd | Procede de revetement de substrat metallique et substrat metallique ainsi revetu |
EP0015451A1 (de) * | 1979-03-02 | 1980-09-17 | Carboloy Inc. | Mit Borid überzogenes Sinterkarbid |
-
1985
- 1985-10-03 EP EP85307106A patent/EP0188057A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 1985-10-24 JP JP60236536A patent/JPS61127872A/ja active Pending
- 1985-11-07 BR BR8505579A patent/BR8505579A/pt unknown
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1954366B1 (de) * | 1969-10-29 | 1971-06-24 | Heraeus Gmbh W C | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von harten UEberzuegen aus Titan- und/oder Tantalverbindungen |
FR2110202A1 (de) * | 1970-10-02 | 1972-06-02 | Labo Suisse Rech Horlo | |
US3824134A (en) * | 1971-10-12 | 1974-07-16 | Thornhill Craver Co | Metalliding process |
FR2185696A1 (de) * | 1972-05-22 | 1974-01-04 | Union Carbide Corp | |
FR2447980A1 (fr) * | 1979-02-01 | 1980-08-29 | Johnson Matthey Co Ltd | Procede de revetement de substrat metallique et substrat metallique ainsi revetu |
EP0015451A1 (de) * | 1979-03-02 | 1980-09-17 | Carboloy Inc. | Mit Borid überzogenes Sinterkarbid |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
CHEMICAL ABSTRACTS, vol. 96, no. 12, March 1982, page 320, no. 90399w, Columbus, Ohio, US; & PL - A - 109 472 (OSRODEK BADAWCZO-ROZWOJOWY MASZYN WLOKIENNICZYCH alpha POLMATEX-CENARO") 30-06-1981 * |
Cited By (19)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4839237A (en) * | 1986-05-28 | 1989-06-13 | Alsthom | Method of laying a cobalt-chromium-tungsten protective coating on a blade made of a tungsten alloy including vanadium, and a blade coated thereby |
US5126213A (en) * | 1987-05-18 | 1992-06-30 | The Secretary Of State For Defence In Her Britannic Majesty's Government Of The United Kingdom Of Great Britain And Northern Ireland | Coated near-alpha titanium articles |
US5009966A (en) * | 1987-12-31 | 1991-04-23 | Diwakar Garg | Hard outer coatings deposited on titanium or titanium alloys |
EP0322812A3 (de) * | 1987-12-31 | 1989-11-08 | Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. | Harte äussere Beschichtungen, aufgetragen auf Titan oder Titanlegierungen |
EP0322812A2 (de) * | 1987-12-31 | 1989-07-05 | Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. | Harte äussere Beschichtungen, aufgetragen auf Titan oder Titanlegierungen |
WO1990002218A1 (de) * | 1988-08-26 | 1990-03-08 | Multi-Arc Gmbh | Verfahren zur plasmabeschichtung von gegenständen mit einem hartstoff |
FR2665185A1 (fr) * | 1990-07-26 | 1992-01-31 | Snecma | Revetement anti-usure sur un substrat a base titane. |
WO1992001823A1 (fr) * | 1990-07-26 | 1992-02-06 | Societe Nationale D'etude Et De Construction De Moteurs D'aviation 's.N.E.C.M.A.' | Revetement anti-usure sur un substrat a base titane |
EP0470878A1 (de) * | 1990-07-26 | 1992-02-12 | Societe Nationale D'etude Et De Construction De Moteurs D'aviation "Snecma" | Beschichtung zum Schutz vor Verschleiss auf einem Substrat auf Titanbasis |
US5154816A (en) * | 1990-07-26 | 1992-10-13 | Societe Nationale D'etude Et De Construction De Moteurs D'aviation "S.N.E.C.M.A." | Process for depositing an anti-wear coating on titanium based substrates |
US5607779A (en) * | 1992-12-22 | 1997-03-04 | Citizen Watch Co., Ltd. | Hard carbon coating-clad base material |
EP0605179A1 (de) * | 1992-12-22 | 1994-07-06 | Citizen Watch Co. Ltd. | Mit hartem Kohlenstoff beschichtetes Material |
CN1048292C (zh) * | 1992-12-22 | 2000-01-12 | 雪铁城钟表有限公司 | 镀覆硬质碳涂层的基材 |
US6074766A (en) * | 1992-12-22 | 2000-06-13 | Citizen Watch Co., Ltd. | Hard carbon coating-clad base material |
US6180263B1 (en) | 1992-12-22 | 2001-01-30 | Citizen Watch Co., Ltd. | Hard carbon coating-clad base material |
EP1805344B1 (de) * | 2004-10-16 | 2011-03-16 | MTU Aero Engines AG | Verfahren zur herstellung eines mit einer verschleissschutzbeschichtung beschichteten bauteils |
US8920881B2 (en) | 2004-10-16 | 2014-12-30 | MTU Aero Engines AG | Method for producing a component covered with a wear-resistant coating |
US7744986B2 (en) | 2005-08-16 | 2010-06-29 | Honeywell International Inc. | Multilayered erosion resistant coating for gas turbines |
FR3032725A1 (fr) * | 2015-02-12 | 2016-08-19 | Snecma | Procede de depot d'un revetement de protection contre l'erosion sur une piece metallique |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPS61127872A (ja) | 1986-06-16 |
BR8505579A (pt) | 1986-08-12 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
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PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
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AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): DE FR GB IT SE |
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STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION IS DEEMED TO BE WITHDRAWN |
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18D | Application deemed to be withdrawn |
Effective date: 19870324 |
|
RIN1 | Information on inventor provided before grant (corrected) |
Inventor name: NAIK, SUBHASH K. |