EP0183908B1 - Process for the diminution of the nox content of flue gases when heating coke ovens, and coke oven for carrying out the process - Google Patents

Process for the diminution of the nox content of flue gases when heating coke ovens, and coke oven for carrying out the process Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0183908B1
EP0183908B1 EP85108019A EP85108019A EP0183908B1 EP 0183908 B1 EP0183908 B1 EP 0183908B1 EP 85108019 A EP85108019 A EP 85108019A EP 85108019 A EP85108019 A EP 85108019A EP 0183908 B1 EP0183908 B1 EP 0183908B1
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Prior art keywords
heating
gas
flue
volumetric
level
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EP85108019A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0183908A1 (en
Inventor
Johannes Dr. Dipl.-Ing. Janicka
Wilhelm Dipl.-Ing. Jakobi
Heinz Dipl.-Ing. Dürselen
Günter Dr. Dipl.-Ing. Meyer
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ThyssenKrupp Industrial Solutions AG
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Krupp Koppers GmbH
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B21/00—Heating of coke ovens with combustible gases
    • C10B21/10—Regulating and controlling the combustion
    • C10B21/18—Recirculating the flue gases
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B21/00—Heating of coke ovens with combustible gases
    • C10B21/20—Methods of heating ovens of the chamber oven type

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for reducing the NO x content in the flue gas when heating coking ovens with paired heating trains, high and low combustion stages and a flue gas recirculation at the level of the heating flue (circulating current).
  • the invention further relates to a coking oven for performing this method.
  • the known measures for reducing the formation of No x are aimed at reducing the flame temperature through flue gas recirculation or at reducing the oxygen and nitrogen concentrations through partial combustion.
  • Flue gas is mixed into the air and heating gas flow through one or two openings in every second truss wall at the level of the heating mantle, primarily by reducing the maximum flame temperature, but also by reducing the O Z and N 2 concentration the NO x production rates.
  • the NO x reduction principle of partial combustion is used in coking ovens in the form of step heating.
  • a preferred combination with regard to minimal NO x emission provides that the circulating current rate is set between 35% and 45% and the step ratio between 50% and 65% and that the second combustion stage is arranged between 40% and 50% of the heating draft.
  • a coking furnace which is characterized in that the secondary air supply and the secondary lean gas supply to the second, high-lying combustion stages are arranged exclusively within the binder walls delimiting the heating train pairs, the secondary air supply and the secondary lean gas supply open into the neighboring heating trains on both sides of the truss walls and at the same height.
  • the path of the flue gases leads from the flamed heating cable 2 via the reversal point 15 (part via the differential channel 16) into the non-flaming heating cable 2a and via the nozzles and channels 4a, 3a, 6a, 5a, 1 Oa, 9a, 12a, 11 a in the exhaust gas regenerators (not shown).
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 the direction of flow of the media is indicated by arrows for both low and high gas operation. In the case of lean gas operation, however, no heavy gas flows, while in the case of heavy gas operation the lean gas ducts carry combustion air.
  • a heater pair 1 is laterally delimited by the rotor walls 17 and the binder walls 18 passing through the channels 9 and 11.
  • the heating pair 1 is divided into the heating trains 2 and 2a by the binder wall 19 which is penetrated by the reversal point 15 and the circulating current opening 13 becomes.

Description

Verfahren zur Verringerung des NOx-Gehaltes im Rauchgas bei der Beheizung von Verkokungsöfen und Verkokungsofen zur Durchführung des Verfahrens.Process for reducing the NO x content in the flue gas when heating coking ovens and coking oven for carrying out the process.

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Verringerung des NOx-Gehaltes im Rauchgas bei der Beheizung von Verkokungsöfen mit paarweise zusammenarbeitenden Heizzügen, hoch und tief liegenden Verbrennungsstufen sowie einer Rauchgasrückführung in Höhe der Heizzugsohle (Kreisstrom). Die Erfindung betrifft ferner einen Verkokungsofen zur Durchführung dieses Verfahrens.The invention relates to a method for reducing the NO x content in the flue gas when heating coking ovens with paired heating trains, high and low combustion stages and a flue gas recirculation at the level of the heating flue (circulating current). The invention further relates to a coking oven for performing this method.

Es ist bekannt, dass es sich bei den in Verkokungsöfen gebildeten Stickoxiden in erster Linie um sogenanntes thermisches NOX handelt, deren Bildungsraten nahezu linear vom Produkt der Sauerstoff-und Stickstoffkonzentrationen in der Flamme sowie exponentiell von der Flammentemperatur abhängen.It is known that the nitrogen oxides formed in coking ovens are primarily so-called thermal NO x , the formation rates of which depend almost linearly on the product of the oxygen and nitrogen concentrations in the flame and exponentially on the flame temperature.

Die bekannten Massnahmen zur Reduktion der Nox-Bildung zielen auf eine Verminderung der Flammentemperatur durch Rauchgasrückführung oder auf eine Verringerung der Sauerstoff- und Stickstoffkonzentrationen durch partielle Verbrennung.The known measures for reducing the formation of No x are aimed at reducing the flame temperature through flue gas recirculation or at reducing the oxygen and nitrogen concentrations through partial combustion.

Das Prinzip der Rauchgasrückführung ist bei Verkokungsöfen insbesondere in Form des Koppers-Kreisstrom-Ofens verwirklicht. Hierbei wird durch ein oder zwei Öffnungen in jeder zweiten Binderwand in Höhe der Heizzugsohle dem Luft- und Heizgasstrom Rauchgas zugemischt, das in erster Linie durch Verringerung der maximalen Flammentemperatur, aber auch durch Reduktion der OZ- und N2-Konzentration, eine deutliche Verringerung der NOx-Produktionsraten bewirkt.The principle of flue gas recirculation is implemented in coking furnaces, in particular in the form of the Koppers cycle furnace. Flue gas is mixed into the air and heating gas flow through one or two openings in every second truss wall at the level of the heating mantle, primarily by reducing the maximum flame temperature, but also by reducing the O Z and N 2 concentration the NO x production rates.

Das NOx-Reduktionsprinzip der partiellen Verbrennung wird in Verkokungsöfen in Form einer Stufenbeheizung genutzt.The NO x reduction principle of partial combustion is used in coking ovens in the form of step heating.

Mit dem Ziel, die NOx-Emission in Verkokungsöfen noch weiter zu senken, sind theoretische und experimentelle Untersuchungen durchgeführt worden. Als wesentliche Erkenntnis dieser Studien bleibt festzuhalten, dass eine Kombination der NOx-Re- duktionsprinzipien, Rauchgasrückführung (Kreisstrombeheizung) und partielle Verbrennung (Stufenbeheizung) mit zwei Stufen, zu einer weiterführenden Verringerung der NOx-Produktion führen kann.Theoretical and experimental studies have been carried out with the aim of further reducing NOx emissions in coking ovens. The key finding of these studies is that a combination of the NO x reduction principles, flue gas recirculation (circuit heating) and partial combustion (stage heating) with two stages can lead to a further reduction in NO x production.

Grundsätzlich ist die Kombination von Stufenbeheizung und Kreisstrombeheizung bei Verkokungsöfen bekannt. Die genannten Untersuchungen zeigen aber, dass eine willkürliche Kombination von Kreisstrombeheizung und Stufenbeheizung nicht zwangsläufig zu einer nennenswerten NOX-Reduktion führt. Nur bei einer optimalen Kombination von Stufenbeheizung, Kreisstrombeheizung und Anordnung der zweiten Verbrennungsstufe ist eine maximale NOx-Verringerung erzielbar.Basically, the combination of step heating and circuit heating in coking ovens is known. However, the studies mentioned show that an arbitrary combination of circulating current heating and step heating does not necessarily lead to a significant NO x reduction. A maximum NOx reduction can only be achieved with an optimal combination of stage heating, circuit heating and arrangement of the second combustion stage.

Ausgehend von den Ergebnissen dieser Untersuchungen wird erfindungsgemäss die Kombination folgender Massnahmen vorgeschlagen:

  • a) Die Kreisstromrate, das ist der Volumenstrom des rückgeführten Rauchgases dividiert durch den Rauchgasvolumenstrom ohne rückgeführtes Rauchgas, wird zwischen 20% und 50% eingestellt;
  • b) das Stufenverhältnis, das ist bei Starkgasbetrieb der Luftvolumenstrom der unteren Stufe dividiert durch den gesamten Luftvolumenstrom und bei Schwachgasbetrieb die Summe von Luft- und Schwachgasvolumenstrom der unteren Stufe dividiert durch die Summe des gesamten Luft- und Schwachgasvolumenstroms, wird zwischen 40% und 70% eingestellt;
  • c) die zweite Verbrennungsstufe wird zwischen 35% und 55% der Heizzughöhe angeordnet.
Based on the results of these investigations, the combination of the following measures is proposed according to the invention:
  • a) The circulating flow rate, that is the volume flow of the recirculated flue gas divided by the flue gas volume flow without recirculated flue gas, is set between 20% and 50%;
  • b) the step ratio, that is the air volume flow of the lower stage divided by the total air volume flow in heavy gas operation and the sum of air and low gas volume flow of the lower stage divided by the sum of the total air and low gas volume flow in lean gas operation, is between 40% and 70% set;
  • c) the second combustion stage is arranged between 35% and 55% of the heating draft.

Eine im Hinblick auf minimale NOx-Emission bevorzugte Kombination sieht vor, dass die Kreisstromrate zwischen 35% und 45% und das Stufenverhältnis zwischen 50% und 65% eingestellt wird und dass die zweite Verbrennungsstufe zwischen 40% und 50% der Heizzughöhe angeordnet wird.A preferred combination with regard to minimal NO x emission provides that the circulating current rate is set between 35% and 45% and the step ratio between 50% and 65% and that the second combustion stage is arranged between 40% and 50% of the heating draft.

Zur Durchführung des erfindungsgemässen Verfahrens wird schliesslich ein Verkokungsofen vorgeschlagen, der dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, dass die sekundäre Luftzufuhr und die sekundäre Schwachgaszufuhr zu den zweiten, hoch liegenden Verbrennungsstufen ausschliesslich innerhalb der die Heizzugpaare jeweils begrenzenden Binderwänden angeordnet sind, wobei die sekundäre Luftzufuhr und die sekundäre Schwachgaszufuhr jeweils beiderseits der Binderwände und in gleicher Höhenlage in die benachbarten Heizzüge münden.Finally, for the implementation of the method according to the invention, a coking furnace is proposed, which is characterized in that the secondary air supply and the secondary lean gas supply to the second, high-lying combustion stages are arranged exclusively within the binder walls delimiting the heating train pairs, the secondary air supply and the secondary lean gas supply open into the neighboring heating trains on both sides of the truss walls and at the same height.

In den Zeichnungen sind Ausführungsformen dieses Verkokungsofens enthalten. Dabei sind die Zufuhr der Verbrennungsmedien von den hier nicht eingezeichneten Regeneratoren zu den Heizzügen, die Schaltung der Regeneratoren, der Heizzüge bzw. Heizungspaare sowohl für Verbundöfen, d.h. Verkokungsöfen mit wahlweiser Starkgas- oder Schwachgasbeheizung, als auch für Starkgasöfen dargestellt. In den Zeichnungen ist die Richtung des Medienverlaufs (Luft, Schwachgas, Starkgas, Abgas) während einer Heizperiode durch Pfeile gekennzeichnet. Da es sich hier um Regenerativöfen handelt, wechselt der Verlauf der Medien für die zweite Periode.

  • Fig. 1 zeigt zwei nebeneinanderliegende Heizzugpaare eines Verbundofens im vertikalen Längsschnitt A-A nach Fig. 2,
  • Fig. 2 den horizontalen Querschnitt B-B dieser zwei Heizzugpaare nach Fig. 1,
  • Fig. 3 zwei nebeneinanderliegende Heizzugpaare eines Starkgasofens im vertikalen Längsschnitt C-C nach Fig. 4 und
  • Fig. 4 den horizontalen Querschnitt D-D der zwei Heizzugpaare nach Fig. 3.
Embodiments of this coking oven are included in the drawings. The supply of the combustion media from the regenerators (not shown here) to the heating trains, the switching of the regenerators, the heating trains or heating pairs are shown both for composite furnaces, i.e. coking furnaces with optional strong gas or weak gas heating, as well as for strong gas furnaces. In the drawings, the direction of the media flow (air, lean gas, high gas, exhaust gas) is indicated by arrows during a heating period. Since these are regenerative stoves, the media changes for the second period.
  • FIG. 1 shows two adjacent heating train pairs of a composite furnace in the vertical longitudinal section AA according to FIG. 2,
  • 2 shows the horizontal cross section BB of these two heating train pairs according to FIG. 1,
  • Fig. 3 two side-by-side heating train pairs of a gas burner in the vertical longitudinal section CC of Fig. 4 and
  • 4 shows the horizontal cross section DD of the two pairs of heating trains according to FIG. 3.

In den Zeichnungen bedeuten:

Figure imgb0001
Figure imgb0002
 In the drawings:
Figure imgb0001
Figure imgb0002

Die strömenden Medien werden wie folgt den beflammten Heizzügen 2 zugeführt:

  • Primärluft vom Luftgenerator über die Kanäle 3 und die regelbaren Austritte 4
  • Primärschwachgas vom Gasregenerator über die Kanäle 5 und die regelbaren Austritte 6
  • Starkgas über die Kanäle 7 und die auswechselbaren Düsen 8
  • Sekundärluft über die Kanäle 9 und die regelbaren Austritte 10
  • Sekundärschwachgas über die Kanäle 11 und die regelbaren Austritte 12
  • Rückgas über die regelbaren Kanäle 13 (Kreisstrom- öffnungen).
The flowing media are fed to the flamed heating cables 2 as follows:
  • Primary air from the air generator via ducts 3 and adjustable outlets 4
  • Primary weak gas from the gas regenerator via the channels 5 and the controllable outlets 6
  • Power gas through channels 7 and interchangeable nozzles 8
  • Secondary air via the channels 9 and the controllable outlets 10
  • Secondary weak gas via the channels 11 and the controllable outlets 12
  • Return gas via the adjustable channels 13 (circuit flow openings).

Über die Höhe 14 findet im beflammten Heizzug die partielle Verbrenung statt.Partial burns take place in the flamed heating train above level 14.

Der Weg der Rauchgase führt vom beflammten Heizzug 2 über die Umkehrstelle 15 (ein Teil über den Differentialkanal 16) in den unbeflammten Heizzug 2a und über die Düsen und Kanäle 4a, 3a, 6a, 5a, 1 Oa, 9a, 12a, 11 a in die (nicht dargestellten) Abgasregeneratoren.The path of the flue gases leads from the flamed heating cable 2 via the reversal point 15 (part via the differential channel 16) into the non-flaming heating cable 2a and via the nozzles and channels 4a, 3a, 6a, 5a, 1 Oa, 9a, 12a, 11 a in the exhaust gas regenerators (not shown).

In Fig. 1 und 2 ist die Strömungsrichtung der Medien sowohl für Schwach- als auch für Starkgasbetrieb durch Pfeile gekennzeichnet. Bei Schwachgasbetrieb strömt jedoch kein Starkgas, während bei Starkgasbetrieb die Schwachgaskanäle Verbrennungsluft führen.In FIGS. 1 and 2, the direction of flow of the media is indicated by arrows for both low and high gas operation. In the case of lean gas operation, however, no heavy gas flows, while in the case of heavy gas operation the lean gas ducts carry combustion air.

Die seitliche Begrenzung eines Heizungspaares 1 erfolgt durch die Läuferwände 17 und die von den Kanälen 9 und 11 durchsetzen Binderwände 18. Die Teilung des Heizungspaares 1 in die Heizzüge 2 und 2a geschieht durch die Binderwand 19, die von der Umkehrstelle 15 und der Kreisstromöffnung 13 durchsetzt wird.A heater pair 1 is laterally delimited by the rotor walls 17 and the binder walls 18 passing through the channels 9 and 11. The heating pair 1 is divided into the heating trains 2 and 2a by the binder wall 19 which is penetrated by the reversal point 15 and the circulating current opening 13 becomes.

Durch die Unterscheidung bzw. räumliche Trennung der Binderwände nach «Kreisstrom-besitzend» und «Luftkanal-besitzend» werden in Kombination mit den freisetzenden Starkgasaustritten günstige Strömungsbedingungen sichergestellt, die eine weitgehende Einmischung des Kreisstroms in die Verbrennungsmedien der unteren Stufe ermöglichen.By differentiating or spatially separating the truss walls according to "circulating current" and "air duct possessing", in combination with the releasing high-pressure gas outlets, favorable flow conditions are ensured, which enable the circulating current to be largely mixed into the combustion media of the lower stage.

Claims (3)

1. Process for reducing the NOx content in the flue gas when heating coke ovens with heating flues interacting in pairs, high-level and low-level combustion stages and a flue gas recycle at the level of the heating flue base (circulating flow), characterized by the combination of the following measures:
a) the circulating flow rate, that is to say the volumetric flow of the recycled flue gas divided by the volumetric flue gas flow without recycled flue gas, is set at between 20% and 50%;
b) the stage ratio, that is to say, in rich gas operation, the volumetric air flow of the lower stage divided by the total volumetric air flow and, in lean gas operation, the sum of the volumetric flows of air and lean gas of the lower stage divided by the sum of the total volumetric flows of air and lean gas, is set at between 40% and 70%; and
c) the second combustion stage is located at between 35% and 55% of the height of the heating flue.
2. Process according to Claim 1, characterized in that the circulating flow rate is set at between 35% and 45% and the stage ratio is set at between 50% and 65% and that the second combustion stage is located at between 40% and 50% of the height of the heating flue.
3. Coke oven for carrying out the process according to Claim 1 and 2, characterized in that the secondary air supply (9) and the secondary lean gas supply (11) to the second, high-level combustion stages are located exclusively within the binder walls (18), confining each of the heating flue pairs (1), the secondary air supply (9) and the secondary lean gas supply (11) each leading into the adjoining heating flues (2) on either side of the binder walls (18) and at the same height level.
EP85108019A 1984-12-01 1985-06-28 Process for the diminution of the nox content of flue gases when heating coke ovens, and coke oven for carrying out the process Expired EP0183908B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3443976 1984-12-01
DE19843443976 DE3443976A1 (en) 1984-12-01 1984-12-01 METHOD FOR REDUCING THE NO (ARROW DOWN) X (ARROW DOWN) CONTENT IN THE FLUE GAS IN THE HEATING OF COCING FURNACES AND FURNISHING OVEN FOR CARRYING OUT THE PROCEDURE

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EP0183908A1 EP0183908A1 (en) 1986-06-11
EP0183908B1 true EP0183908B1 (en) 1988-08-03

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EP (1) EP0183908B1 (en)
JP (1) JPH0778220B2 (en)
DE (2) DE3443976A1 (en)

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EP0183908A1 (en) 1986-06-11
DE3564130D1 (en) 1988-09-08
JPH0778220B2 (en) 1995-08-23
JPS61133286A (en) 1986-06-20
US4704195A (en) 1987-11-03
DE3443976C2 (en) 1993-04-22
DE3443976A1 (en) 1986-06-12

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