EP0182749B1 - Shredder having two horizontally rotatable upset shafts - Google Patents

Shredder having two horizontally rotatable upset shafts Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0182749B1
EP0182749B1 EP85810548A EP85810548A EP0182749B1 EP 0182749 B1 EP0182749 B1 EP 0182749B1 EP 85810548 A EP85810548 A EP 85810548A EP 85810548 A EP85810548 A EP 85810548A EP 0182749 B1 EP0182749 B1 EP 0182749B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
shutter
chamber
sliding
shaft
shredder
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP85810548A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0182749A2 (en
EP0182749A3 (en
Inventor
Guelfo Bubani
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Industrielle de la Doux Sa Ste
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Industrielle de la Doux Sa Ste
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Priority to AT85810548T priority Critical patent/ATE54263T1/en
Publication of EP0182749A2 publication Critical patent/EP0182749A2/en
Publication of EP0182749A3 publication Critical patent/EP0182749A3/en
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Publication of EP0182749B1 publication Critical patent/EP0182749B1/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
    • B02C18/0084—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments specially adapted for disintegrating garbage, waste or sewage
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
    • B02C18/06—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
    • B02C18/14—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives within horizontal containers
    • B02C18/142—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives within horizontal containers with two or more inter-engaging rotatable cutter assemblies

Definitions

  • the two rotary shafts are arranged horizontally in a chamber in the form of a vertical duct, the materials being introduced from above onto the two shafts and discharging downwards once shredded.
  • the feeding and evacuation are done automatically by gravity, which ensures simple and safe operation.
  • the materials to be shredded may contain specially hard parts which cannot be crushed or pass between the trees and which is difficult to evacuate from the chamber.
  • the invention relates to a shredder of the type mentioned above, characterized in that the guide wall comprises a sliding shutter, disposed opposite the lower shaft and sliding along a path in an arc of a circle which is concentric with this shaft, this component comprising shutter baffles between which pass the shredding members mounted on the lower shaft.
  • the shredder comprises a hydraulic mechanism for opening and closing the sliding shutter, said mechanism being arranged outside the chamber. It further comprises a mechanism for locking the sliding shutter in the closed position, this mechanism preferably being provided with a hydraulic control.
  • the sliding shutter may comprise, along its upper edge, a deflector arranged outside the chamber and arranged to guide the materials which escape therefrom out of this chamber.
  • the respective axes 5a and 6a of the two rotary shafts 5 and 6 are offset both vertically and horizontally relative to one another.
  • the upper shaft 5 extends in the upper part of the chamber 2, while the lower shaft 6 is arranged below the shaft 5, in a position such that its axis 6a is substantially in a vertical plane 10 which is tangent to the peripheral surface of the upper shaft 5.
  • cover plates 34 and 35 which close off the parts of the slides 30 which are exposed, respectively in the closed position and the open position of the flap in order to prevent products enter it.
  • the upper flap 21 is constituted by an upper shaft 40, a thick anterior plate 41 supported by stiffeners 42 and a support plate 43 welded along the lower edge of the anterior plate 41.
  • the upper shaft 40 is pivotally mounted in the front walls of the body 1 of the shredder.
  • the upper flap 21 When the lower flap 20 is in the closed position, the upper flap 21 is kept in the closed position because its support plate 43 is applied against the deflector 26 by the weight of the flap and of the materials located in the chamber 2.
  • the lower flap 20 when the lower flap 20 is open, it is also possible to open the upper flap 21 by pivoting it on its shaft 40 to bring it into its open position drawn in broken lines and designated by 21a.
  • the upper shaft 40 of the upper flap 21 is mounted in a pivot in each of the front faces of the body 1 and it is secured, outside this body, of a lever 53 on which the piston rod of a hydraulic cylinder 54 which makes it possible to pivot the upper flap in one direction and in the other.
  • An identical cylinder can be provided at the other end of the shredder.
  • fig. 3 shows the end of a hydraulic cylinder 55 for controlling the locking mechanism of the lower flap. This mechanism is shown in more detail in FIG. 4.
  • the support 57 of this mechanism is fixed to the front wall of the body 1 of the shredder in a position corresponding to the position of the orifice 33 when the lower flap 20 occupies its closed position.
  • the latch 56 is advanced in the orifice 33 until the latch is locked in position by the bevelled faces of the latch 56. The latter then supports most of the transverse forces exerted on the lower flap 20 and partly on the upper flap 21 during the operation of the shredder.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Crushing And Pulverization Processes (AREA)
  • Disintegrating Or Milling (AREA)
  • Crushing And Grinding (AREA)

Abstract

1. Shredder comprising two rotating shafts (5, 6) substantially horizontal and parallel, off-set vertically and horizontally with respect to each other, equipped with protruding shredding organs (11) and arranged in a chamber (2) in which materials to be shredded are introduced from above and are guided so as to pass between the two rotating shafts (5, 6), said chamber (2) including a wall (16) for guiding the materials to be shredded which is nearer the lower shaft (6) than the upper shaft (5) and which comprises an opening blocked by at least one mobile shutter (20, 21) reaching substantially over the whole length of the wall, characterised in that the guiding wall comprises a sliding shutter (20), positioned opposite the lower shaft (6) and sliding following the trajectory of the arc of a circle which is concentric with this shaft, this shutter comprising anti-blocking baffles (22) between which pass the shredding organs (11) mounted on the lower shaft.

Description

La présente invention concerne un déchiqueteur comportant deux arbres rotatifs sensiblement horizontaux et parallèles, décalés verticalement et horizontalement l'un par rapport à l'autre, équipés d'organes saillants de déchiquetage et disposés dans une chambre dans laquelle les matériaux à déchiqueter sont introduits par-dessus et sont guidés de manière à passer entre les deux arbres rotatifs, ladite chambre comprenant une paroi de guidage des matériaux à déchiqueter qui est plus proche de l'arbre inférieur que de l'arbre supérieur et qui comporte une ouverture obturée par au moins un volet mobile qui s'étend sensiblement sur toute la longueur de la paroi.The present invention relates to a shredder comprising two substantially horizontal and parallel rotary shafts, offset vertically and horizontally with respect to each other, equipped with shredding protruding members and arranged in a chamber in which the materials to be shredded are introduced by above and are guided so as to pass between the two rotary shafts, said chamber comprising a wall for guiding the materials to be shredded which is closer to the lower shaft than to the upper shaft and which has an opening closed by at least a movable flap which extends substantially over the entire length of the wall.

Pour éliminer des déchets solides, notamment par incinération, il est souvent nécessaire de réduire leurs dimensions en les déchiquetant, afin d'obtenir des fragments d'une granulométrie appropriée. A cet effet, on utilise des appareils appelés "déchiqueteurs", dans lesquels les matériaux à traiter passent entre deux arbres parallèles pourvus d'organes de déchiquetage tels que des dents ou des marteaux, et tournant dans des sens opposés et à des vitesses différentes, de manière à broyer et lacérer les déchets.To eliminate solid waste, in particular by incineration, it is often necessary to reduce its dimensions by shredding it, in order to obtain fragments of an appropriate particle size. For this purpose, apparatuses called "shredders" are used, in which the materials to be treated pass between two parallel shafts provided with shredding members such as teeth or hammers, and rotating in opposite directions and at different speeds, so as to crush and lacerate the waste.

Dans les déchiqueteurs classiques, les deux arbres rotatifs sont disposés horizontalement dans une chambre en forme de conduit vertical, les matériaux étant introduits par le haut sur les deux arbres et s'évacuant vers le bas une fois déchiquetés. Ainsi, l'alimentation et l'évacuation se font automatiquement par gravité, ce qui assure un fonctionnement simple et sûr. Toutefois, les matériaux à déchiqueter peuvent contenir des parties spécialement dures, qui ne peuvent ni être broyées ni passer entre les arbres et qu'il est difficile d'évacuer de la chambre.In conventional shredders, the two rotary shafts are arranged horizontally in a chamber in the form of a vertical duct, the materials being introduced from above onto the two shafts and discharging downwards once shredded. Thus, the feeding and evacuation are done automatically by gravity, which ensures simple and safe operation. However, the materials to be shredded may contain specially hard parts which cannot be crushed or pass between the trees and which is difficult to evacuate from the chamber.

Une solution à ce problème est fournie par le document GB-A-2 024 654 représentant l'état de la technique le plus proche de la présente invention. Dans la machine décrite dans ce document, les axes des deux arbres sont décalés horizontalement et verticalement l'un par rapport à l'autre. En face de ces arbres, une paroi de guidage, constituée essentiellement par un volet basculant, maintient les matériaux au-dessus des arbres pendant le déchiquetage et s'ouvre vers une coulisse extérieure pour évacuer automatiquement les éléments trop durs. Cependant, ce type de volet et ses organes de commande doivent être extrêment robustes, donc coûteux, pour supporter la poussée des matériaux contenus dans la chambre. En outre, les manoeuvres de fermeture du volet peuvent être bloquées par des matériaux retenus par le bord de l'ouverture.A solution to this problem is provided by document GB-A-2,024,654 representing the state of the art closest to the present invention. In the machine described in this document, the axes of the two shafts are offset horizontally and vertically with respect to each other. In front of these trees, a guide wall, essentially constituted by a tilting flap, keeps the materials above the trees during shredding and opens towards an external slide to automatically evacuate the too hard elements. However, this type of shutter and its control members must be extremely robust, and therefore expensive, to withstand the thrust of the materials contained in the chamber. In addition, the shutter closing operations can be blocked by materials retained by the edge of the opening.

Par conséquent, la présente invention a pour but de remédier aux inconvénients susmentionnés en perfectionnant les déchiqueteurs connus de manière à fournir un dispositif robuste et sûr, permettant une évacuation automatique des éléments particulièrement durs.Therefore, the present invention aims to remedy the aforementioned drawbacks by improving the known shredders so as to provide a robust and safe device, allowing automatic evacuation of particularly hard elements.

Dans ce but, l'invention concerne un déchiqueteur du type mentionné plus haut, caractérisé en ce que la paroi de guidage comporte un volet coulissant, disposé en face de l'arbre inférieur et coulissant suivant une trajectoire en arc de cercle qui est concentrique avec cet arbre, ce volet comportant des chicanes d'obturation entre lesquelles passent les organes de déchiquetage montés sur l'arbre inférieur.To this end, the invention relates to a shredder of the type mentioned above, characterized in that the guide wall comprises a sliding shutter, disposed opposite the lower shaft and sliding along a path in an arc of a circle which is concentric with this shaft, this component comprising shutter baffles between which pass the shredding members mounted on the lower shaft.

Ce volet coulissant peut avantageusement être monté sur des coulisses en arc de cercle disposées le long des parois frontales de la chambre. De préférence, le déchiqueteur comporte un mécanisme hydraulique d'ouverture et de fermeture du volet coulissant, ledit mécanisme étant disposé à l'extérieur de la chambre. Il comporte en outre un mécanisme de verrouillage du volet coulissant en position fermée, ce mécanisme étant muni de préférence d'une commande hydraulique. Le volet coulissant peut comporter, le long de son bord supérieur, un déflecteur disposé à l'extérieur de la chambre et agencé pour guider hors de cette chambre les matériaux qui s'en échappent.This sliding shutter can advantageously be mounted on slides in an arc arranged along the front walls of the chamber. Preferably, the shredder comprises a hydraulic mechanism for opening and closing the sliding shutter, said mechanism being arranged outside the chamber. It further comprises a mechanism for locking the sliding shutter in the closed position, this mechanism preferably being provided with a hydraulic control. The sliding shutter may comprise, along its upper edge, a deflector arranged outside the chamber and arranged to guide the materials which escape therefrom out of this chamber.

En plus dudit volet coulissant, la paroi de guidage peut comporter un volet supérieur pivotant autour d'un axe horizontal situé à proximité du bord supérieur de ce volet, le bord inférieur du volet se trouvant, en position fermée, en appui contre le bord supérieur du volet coulissant. Dans cette forme de réalisation, le volet supérieur comporte de préférence, le long de son bord inférieur, une plaque d'appui agencée pour s'appliquer contre le déflecteur du volet inférieur en position fermée des deux volets. Le déchiqueteur peut comporter également un mécanisme hydraulique d'ouverture et de fermeture du volet supérieur.In addition to said sliding shutter, the guide wall may include an upper shutter pivoting about a horizontal axis located near the upper edge of this shutter, the lower edge of the shutter being, in the closed position, pressing against the upper edge of the sliding shutter. In this embodiment, the upper flap preferably comprises, along its lower edge, a support plate arranged to be applied against the deflector of the lower flap in the closed position of the two flaps. The shredder may also include a hydraulic mechanism for opening and closing the upper flap.

La présente invention sera mieux comprise à l'aide de la description, donnée ci-dessous à titre d'exemple, d'une forme de réalisation préférée en référence au dessin annexé, dans lequel:

  • La figure 1 est une vue schématique en élévation, partiellement coupée, d'un déchiqueteur selon la présente invention,
  • La figure 2 est une vue en coupe verticale transversale selon la ligne II-II de la fig. 1,
  • La figure 3 est une vue frontale en élévation selon la ligne lll-lll de la fig. 1, et
  • La figure 4 est une vue schématique en coupe axiale d'un mécanisme de verrouillage du volet inférieur.
The present invention will be better understood on the basis of the description, given below by way of example, of a preferred embodiment with reference to the appended drawing, in which:
  • FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic elevation view, partially cut away, of a shredder according to the present invention,
  • Figure 2 is a vertical cross-sectional view along line II-II of FIG. 1,
  • Figure 3 is a front elevational view along the line III-III of FIG. 1, and
  • Figure 4 is a schematic view in axial section of a locking mechanism of the lower flap.

De manière connue, le déchiqueteur représenté sur la fig. 1 comporte essentiellement un corps 1 de forme sensiblement parallélépipèdique, dont l'intérieur comporte une chambre 2 qui est ouverte vers le haut et vers le bas. Une trémie 3 est fixée sur le corps 1 au-dessus de l'ouverture supérieure de la chambre 2 pour introduire par gravité les matériaux à traiter dans la chambre. Le corps 1 est monté sur un bâti ajouré 4, qui permet aux produits déchiquetés de tomber librement par l'orifice inférieur de la chambre 2, par exemple en direction d'une fosse, d'un wagonnet ou d'un convoyeur en vue de leur évacuation.In known manner, the shredder shown in FIG. 1 essentially comprises a body 1 of substantially parallelepiped shape, the interior of which comprises a chamber 2 which is open upwards and downwards. A hopper 3 is fixed to the body 1 above the upper opening of the chamber 2 to introduce the materials to be treated into the chamber by gravity. The body 1 is mounted on an openwork frame 4, which allows the shredded products to fall freely through the lower orifice of the chamber 2, for example towards a pit, a wagon or a conveyor in order to their evacuation.

A l'intérieur de la chambre 2, le déchiqueteur comporte deux arbes rotatifs 5 et 6 à axes horizontaux et parallèles, équipés d'organes saillants de déchiquetage et entraînés respectivement par des moteurs hydrauliques 7 et8 qui sont montés sur les faces frontales extérieures du corps 1. Ces moteurs sont alimentés en fluide hydraulique à haute pression par l'intermédiaire d'un dispositif de commande automatique (non représenté).Inside chamber 2, the shredder has two rotary shafts 5 and 6 with horizontal axes. zontal and parallel, equipped with projecting shredding members and driven respectively by hydraulic motors 7 and 8 which are mounted on the external front faces of the body 1. These motors are supplied with high pressure hydraulic fluid by means of a device automatic control (not shown).

Les caractéristiques essentielles du déchiqueteur selon la présente invention apparaissent plus clairement sur une vue en coupe transversale, c'est-à-dire sur la fig. 2. On remarque que, contrairement aux déchiqueteurs classiques, les axes respectifs 5a et 6a des deux arbres rotatifs 5 et 6 sont décalés à la fois verticalement et horizontalement l'un par rapport à l'autre. L'arbre supérieur 5 s'étend dans la partie supérieure de la chambre 2, tandis que l'arbre inférieur 6 est disposé en contrebas de l'arbre 5, dans une position telle que son axe 6a se trouve sensiblement dans un plan vertical 10 qui est tangent à la surface périphérique de l'arbre supérieur 5.The essential characteristics of the shredder according to the present invention appear more clearly in a cross-sectional view, that is to say in FIG. 2. It is noted that, unlike conventional shredders, the respective axes 5a and 6a of the two rotary shafts 5 and 6 are offset both vertically and horizontally relative to one another. The upper shaft 5 extends in the upper part of the chamber 2, while the lower shaft 6 is arranged below the shaft 5, in a position such that its axis 6a is substantially in a vertical plane 10 which is tangent to the peripheral surface of the upper shaft 5.

Pour déchiqueter les matériaux à traiter, chacun des deux arbres 5 et 6 comporte, d'une manière bonnue, une série d'anneaux de coupe 11 qui sont pourvus de dents sur leur périphérie et qui sont séparés les uns des autres le long de chaque arbre par des bagues 12 qui coopèrent avec les dents des anneaux de coupe de l'autre arbre pour découper les matériaux à traiter. Dans ce but, les deux arbres 5 et 6 sont entraînés en rotation par leurs moteurs respectifs dans des sens opposés et à des vitesses légèrement différentes, de sorte que les matériaux sont entraînés par les dents des anneaux de coupe 11 de manière à passer entre les deux arbres 5 et 6 et à être cisaillés d'une part par les anneaux de coupe adjacents et, d'autre part, entre chaque anneau de coupe 11 et la bague 12 qui lui fait face.To shred the materials to be treated, each of the two shafts 5 and 6 comprises, in a well-known manner, a series of cutting rings 11 which are provided with teeth on their periphery and which are separated from each other along each shaft by rings 12 which cooperate with the teeth of the cutting rings of the other shaft to cut the materials to be treated. For this purpose, the two shafts 5 and 6 are rotated by their respective motors in opposite directions and at slightly different speeds, so that the materials are driven by the teeth of the cutting rings 11 so as to pass between the two shafts 5 and 6 and to be sheared on the one hand by the adjacent cutting rings and, on the other hand, between each cutting ring 11 and the ring 12 which faces it.

La chambre 2 comporte une paroi arrière 14 qui dans l'exemple représenté ici, est sensiblement verticale et qui est équipée d'une rangée de chicanes d'obturation 15 réparties entre les anneaux de coupe 11 de l'arbre supérieur 5 pour empêcher une remontée intempestive des matériaux déchiquetés.Chamber 2 has a rear wall 14 which in the example shown here is substantially vertical and which is equipped with a row of shutter baffles 15 distributed between the cutting rings 11 of the upper shaft 5 to prevent a rise untimely shredded materials.

De l'autre côté des deux arbres, la chambre 2 comporte, sur toute sa longueur, uneparoi de guidage 16 qui est inclinée de manière à former, devant les deux arbres, un espace qui se rétrécit vers le bas pour amener les matériaux vers la zone où ils seront saisis par les dents des anneaux de coupe 11 des deux arbres. En fait, il s'agit ici simplement d'une paroi sensiblement plane qui est plus proche de l'arbre inférieur 6 que de l'arbre supérieur 5.On the other side of the two shafts, the chamber 2 has, over its entire length, a guide wall 16 which is inclined so as to form, in front of the two shafts, a space which narrows downwards to bring the materials towards the area where they will be gripped by the teeth of the cutting rings 11 of the two shafts. In fact, here it is simply a substantially planar wall which is closer to the lower shaft 6 than to the upper shaft 5.

En réalité, la paroi de guidage 16 est constituée essentiellement de deux volets mobiles, à savoir un volet inférieur 20 qui est disposé en face de l'arbre inférieur 6 et un volet supérieur 21 qui est adjacent au volet inférieur 20 et s'appuie contre lui. Les volets 20 et 21 sont dessinés ici en traits continus dans leur position fermée, dans laquelle ils forment une paroi continue tiu haut de la chambre 2 jusque au-dessous de l'arbre inférieur 6. On remarquera que le volet inférieur 20 est muni de chicanes d'obturation 22 qui sont analogues aux chicanes 15 de la paroi arrière 14.In reality, the guide wall 16 consists essentially of two movable flaps, namely a lower flap 20 which is arranged opposite the lower shaft 6 and an upper flap 21 which is adjacent to the lower flap 20 and bears against him. The flaps 20 and 21 are drawn here in continuous lines in their closed position, in which they form a continuous wall tiu top of the chamber 2 up to below the lower shaft 6. It will be noted that the lower flap 20 is provided with shutter baffles 22 which are similar to baffles 15 of the rear wall 14.

En coupe transversale, le volet inférieur 20 comporte essentiellement une plaque antérieure épaisse 24 en tôle raidie par des longerons 25, et un déflecteur 26 constitué par une tôle soudée le long du bord supérieur de la plaque antérieure 24. Aux deux extrémités du volet 20, ces plaques sont fixées sur une traverse composée 27 qui est parallèle à la paroi frontale du corps 1. Perpendiculairement à cette paroi, chaque traverse 27 porte deux goupilles 28 et 29 qui sont engagées dans une coulisse 30 en forme d'arc de cercle ménagée le long de la paroi frontale du corps 1. Cet arc de cercle est centré sur l'axe 6a de l'arbre inférieur. Ainsi, le volet inférieur 20 peut être déplacé en coulissant autour de l'arbre inférieur 6 jusqu'à sa position ouverte dessinée en traits interrompus et indiquée par 20a. Dans cette position, le déflecteur 26 occupe une position 26a dans laquelle il est incliné vers l'extérieur de la chambre 2 au dessus d'une glissière 32.In cross section, the lower flap 20 essentially comprises a thick front plate 24 made of sheet metal stiffened by side members 25, and a deflector 26 constituted by a sheet welded along the upper edge of the front plate 24. At the two ends of the flap 20, these plates are fixed on a composite cross-member 27 which is parallel to the front wall of the body 1. Perpendicular to this wall, each cross-member 27 carries two pins 28 and 29 which are engaged in a slide 30 in the form of an arc of a circle formed on along the front wall of the body 1. This circular arc is centered on the axis 6a of the lower shaft. Thus, the lower flap 20 can be moved by sliding around the lower shaft 6 to its open position drawn in broken lines and indicated by 20a. In this position, the deflector 26 occupies a position 26a in which it is inclined towards the outside of the chamber 2 above a slide 32.

Une fois ramené dans sa position fermée, le volet inférieur 20 est verrouillé en position au moyen d'un mécanisme de verrouillage qui sera décrit plus loin et qui s'engage dans un orifice 33 ménagé dans chacune des traverses 27.Once returned to its closed position, the lower flap 20 is locked in position by means of a locking mechanism which will be described later and which engages in an orifice 33 formed in each of the crosspieces 27.

On peut remarquer également que les deux extrémités du volet inférieur 20 sont équipées de tôles de recouvrement 34 et 35 qui obturent les parties des coulisses 30 qui se trouvent à découvert, respectivement dans la position fermée et la position ouverte du volet afin d'empêcher que des produits y pénètrent.It can also be noted that the two ends of the lower flap 20 are fitted with cover plates 34 and 35 which close off the parts of the slides 30 which are exposed, respectively in the closed position and the open position of the flap in order to prevent products enter it.

En coupe transversale, le volet supérieur 21 est constitué par un arbre supérieur 40, une plaque épaisse antérieure 41 épaulée par des raidisseurs 42 et une plaque d'appui 43 soudée le long du bord inférieur de la plaque antérieure 41. L'arbre supérieur 40 est monté de manière pivotante dans les parois frontales du corps 1 du déchiqueteur.In cross section, the upper flap 21 is constituted by an upper shaft 40, a thick anterior plate 41 supported by stiffeners 42 and a support plate 43 welded along the lower edge of the anterior plate 41. The upper shaft 40 is pivotally mounted in the front walls of the body 1 of the shredder.

Quand le volet inférieur 20 est en position fermée, le volet supérieur 21 est maintenu en position fermée du fait que sa plaque d'appui 43 se trouve appliquée contre le déflecteur 26 par le poids du volet et des matériaux se trouvant dans la chambre 2. En revanche, quand le volet inférieur 20 est ouvert, il est possible d'ouvrir aussi le volet supérieur 21 en le faisant pivoter sur son arbre 40 pour l'amener dans sa position ouverte dessinée en traits interrompus et désignée par 21a.When the lower flap 20 is in the closed position, the upper flap 21 is kept in the closed position because its support plate 43 is applied against the deflector 26 by the weight of the flap and of the materials located in the chamber 2. On the other hand, when the lower flap 20 is open, it is also possible to open the upper flap 21 by pivoting it on its shaft 40 to bring it into its open position drawn in broken lines and designated by 21a.

La fig. 3 montre une face frontale du corps 1 du déchiqueteur, comportant des montures respectives 45 et 46 pour les arbres 5 et 6. Ces montures sont connues en soi et elles ne seront pas décrites ici en détail. La monture 46 de l'arbre inférieur est solidaire du moteur hydraulique entraînant cet arbre; elle comporte un bras de rappel 47 fixé dans un support élastique 48.Fig. 3 shows a front face of the body 1 of the shredder, comprising respective mounts 45 and 46 for the shafts 5 and 6. These mounts are known per se and they will not be described here in detail. The mount 46 of the lower shaft is integral with the hydraulic motor driving this shaft; it includes a return arm 47 fixed in an elastic support 48.

En outre, la fig. 3 montre les mécanismes d'actionnement des volets 20 et 21. Les goupilles 28 et 29, solidaires du volet iniérieur 20 et engagées dans la coulisse 30, sont fixées à un étrier 50, sur lequel est articulée la tige de piston d'un vérin hydraulique 51 dont l'autre extrémité est montée sur le corps 1. Ainsi, le vérin 51 permet de déplacer l'étrier 50 le long de la coulisse 30 jusqu'à sa position inférieure 50a dessinée en traits interrompus correspondant à la position ouverte du volet inférieur 20, puis de le ramener dans sa position initiale. Un dispositif semblable est prévu sur l'autre face frontale du corps 1.In addition, fig. 3 shows the mechanisms for actuating the flaps 20 and 21. The pins 28 and 29, integral with the inner flap 20 and engaged in the slide 30, are fixed to a stirrup 50, on which the piston rod of a hydraulic cylinder 51 is articulated, the other end of which is mounted on the body 1. Thus, the cylinder 51 makes it possible to move the stirrup 50 along the slide 30 to its lower position 50a drawn in broken lines corresponding to the open position of the lower flap 20, then to bring it back to its initial position. A similar device is provided on the other front face of the body 1.

L'arbre supérieur 40 du volet supérieur 21 est monté dans un pivot dans chacune des faces frontales du corps 1 et il est solidaire, à l'extérieur de ce corps, d'un levier 53 sur lequel est articulée la tige de piston d'un vérin hydraulique 54 qui permet de faire pivoter le volet supérieur dans un sens et dans l'autre. Un vérin identique peut être prévu à l'autre extrémité du déchiqueteur. Enfin, la fig. 3 montre l'extrémité d'un vérin hydraulique 55 de commande du mécanisme de verrouillage du volet inférieur. Ce mécanisme est représenté plus en détail sur la fig. 4.The upper shaft 40 of the upper flap 21 is mounted in a pivot in each of the front faces of the body 1 and it is secured, outside this body, of a lever 53 on which the piston rod of a hydraulic cylinder 54 which makes it possible to pivot the upper flap in one direction and in the other. An identical cylinder can be provided at the other end of the shredder. Finally, fig. 3 shows the end of a hydraulic cylinder 55 for controlling the locking mechanism of the lower flap. This mechanism is shown in more detail in FIG. 4.

En référence à la fig. 4, ledit mécanisme de verrouillage comprend un verrou 56 coulissant dans un support 57, ce verrou étant accouplé par une articulation 58 à la tige de piston du vérin de commande 55. L'extrémité du verrou 56 est légèrement biseautée et elle s'engage dans l'orifice correspondant 33 ménagé dans la traverse d'extrémité 27 du volet inférieur 20 ou, plus précisément, dans un bloc solidaire de la traverse 27. Lorsqu'il est retiré, le verrou 56 occupe la position 56a dessinée en traits interrompus.With reference to fig. 4, said locking mechanism comprises a lock 56 sliding in a support 57, this lock being coupled by a hinge 58 to the piston rod of the control jack 55. The end of the lock 56 is slightly bevelled and it engages in the corresponding orifice 33 formed in the end crosspiece 27 of the lower flap 20 or, more precisely, in a block integral with the crosspiece 27. When it is removed, the latch 56 occupies the position 56a drawn in broken lines.

Le support 57 de ce mécanisme est fixé sur la paroi frontale du corps 1 du déchiqueteur dans une position correspondant à la position de l'orifice 33 quand le volet inférieur 20 occupe sa position fermée. En actionnant le vérin 55, on fait avancer le verrou 56 dans l'orifice 33 jusqu'à ce que le verrou soit bloqué en position par les faces biseautées du verrou 56. Celui-ci supporte alors l'essentiel des forces transversales s'exerçant sur le volet inférieur 20 et en partie sur le volet supérieur 21 pendant le fonctionnement du déchiqueteur.The support 57 of this mechanism is fixed to the front wall of the body 1 of the shredder in a position corresponding to the position of the orifice 33 when the lower flap 20 occupies its closed position. By actuating the jack 55, the latch 56 is advanced in the orifice 33 until the latch is locked in position by the bevelled faces of the latch 56. The latter then supports most of the transverse forces exerted on the lower flap 20 and partly on the upper flap 21 during the operation of the shredder.

Ce fonctionnement sera décrit en référence aux fig. 2 et 3. Les volets 20 et 21 étant en position fermée, les matériaux à traiter sont introduits par le haut dans la chambre 2, dans laquelle la paroi de guidage 16 les a'mène à proximité des arbres 5 et 6 pour qu'ils soient happés et déchiquetés par les dents des anneaux de coupe 11. Les fragments résultant de ce traitement tombent directement sous le déchiqueteur et sont évacués. Si un élément dur ne peut pas être déchiqueté, il reste dans la chambre 2, entre le volet supérieur 21 et les deux arbres 5 et 6. Si cet élément ne peut pas être détruit par diverses manoeuvres, par exemple à l'aide d'une brève inversion des sens de rotation des arbres, il peut être évacué facilement dans le déchiqueteur selon la présente invention grâce à une manoeuvre d'ouverture du volet inférieur 20 et, si nécessaire, du volet supérieur 21. On provoque l'ouverture de ces volets en agissant uniquement sur des commandes hydrauliques, tout d'abord celles des vérins 55 pour ouvrir le mécanisme de verrouillage, puis celles des vérins 51 pour ouvrir le volet inférieur 20 et, enfin, celles du ou des vérins 54 pour provoquer l'ouverture du volet supérieur 21. Une fois que les deux volets occupent leurs positions respectives d'ouverture 20a et 21a, la chambre 2 se trouve presque complètement ouverte latéralement, entre l'arbre supérieur 40 du volet supérieur et le déflecteur 26a du volet inférieur.This operation will be described with reference to FIGS. 2 and 3. The flaps 20 and 21 being in the closed position, the materials to be treated are introduced from above into the chamber 2, in which the guide wall 16 brings them near the shafts 5 and 6 so that they are caught and shredded by the teeth of the cutting rings 11. The fragments resulting from this treatment fall directly under the shredder and are evacuated. If a hard element cannot be shredded, it remains in the chamber 2, between the upper flap 21 and the two shafts 5 and 6. If this element cannot be destroyed by various operations, for example using a brief reversal of the directions of rotation of the shafts, it can be easily removed in the shredder according to the present invention by means of an opening operation for the lower flap 20 and, if necessary, for the upper flap 21. The opening of these flaps acting only on hydraulic controls, first those of the cylinders 55 to open the locking mechanism, then those of the cylinders 51 to open the lower flap 20 and, finally, those of the cylinder (s) 54 to cause the opening of the upper flap 21. Once the two flaps occupy their respective open positions 20a and 21a, the chamber 2 is almost completely open laterally, between the upper shaft 40 of the upper flap and the deflector 26a of the lower flap.

Grâce à leur position relative, les deux arbres 5 et 6 présentent, du côté de la partie particulièrement dure, une surface fortement inclinée ayant pour effet la chute immédiate de cet élément dur sur le déflecteur 26a, vers l'extérieur de la chambre 2. C'est à ce point de vue que la position décrite plus haut de l'axe 6a, à proximité d'un plan vertical tangent à la surface de l'arbre supérieur 5, s'avère avantageuse, car ainsi, la surface supérieure de l'arbre 6 ne peut pas retenir l'élément non broyé et relativement volumineux sans que celui-ci tombe à l'extérieur de la chambre 2.Thanks to their relative position, the two shafts 5 and 6 have, on the side of the particularly hard part, a strongly inclined surface having the effect of the immediate fall of this hard element on the deflector 26a, towards the outside of the chamber 2. It is from this point of view that the position described above of the axis 6a, near a vertical plane tangent to the surface of the upper shaft 5, proves advantageous, because thus, the upper surface of the shaft 6 cannot retain the element that is not crushed and relatively bulky without the latter falling outside the chamber 2.

Il est toutefois possible de prévoir un moindre décalage vertical de l'axe 6a par rapport à l'axe 5a. Dans le cas illustré ici, notamment sur la fig. 2, un plan 60 commun aux deux axes 5a et 6a est incliné, par rapport à l'horizontale, d'un angle β égal à environ 71°. En fait, on peut prévoir des déchiqueteurs dans lesquels cette inclinaison p est beaucoup plus faible, tout en permettant une évacuation automatique des éléments durs. Cependant, si cette inclinaison est trop faible, il faut contribuer à cette évacuation par une brève inversion du sens de rotation des arbres. En pratique, l'inclinaison β peut être comprise entre 30° et 80°, mais de préférence entre 60° et 75°.It is however possible to provide for a smaller vertical offset of the axis 6a relative to the axis 5a. In the case illustrated here, in particular in FIG. 2, a plane 60 common to the two axes 5a and 6a is inclined, with respect to the horizontal, by an angle β equal to approximately 71 °. In fact, one can provide shredders in which this inclination p is much lower, while allowing an automatic evacuation of the hard elements. However, if this inclination is too small, it is necessary to contribute to this evacuation by a brief reversal of the direction of rotation of the shafts. In practice, the inclination β can be between 30 ° and 80 °, but preferably between 60 ° and 75 °.

La présente invention n'est pas limitée aux formes de réalisation décrites, mais elle s'étend à diverses autres modifications ou variantes. En particulier, la coulisse 30 pourrait être supprimée dans certaines réalisations ou remplacée partout autre moyen de guidage équivalent, par exemple par deux bras qui pivotent autour de l'axe de l'arbre inférieur. D'autre part, au lieu d'un volet inférieur coulissant et un volet supérieur basculant, la paroi de guidage pourrait comporter deux volets coulissants adjacents et disposés l'un au-dessus de l'autre, le volet coulissant inférieur étant disposé en face de l'arbre inférieur. On pourrait aussi envisager de remplacer le volet supérieur par un élément fixe s'étendant moins loin vers le bas, en prévoyant un seul volet coulissant ayant une plus grande hauteur que le volet 20 décrit ci-dessus.The present invention is not limited to the embodiments described, but it extends to various other modifications or variants. In particular, the slide 30 could be eliminated in certain embodiments or replaced everywhere other equivalent guiding means, for example by two arms which pivot around the axis of the lower shaft. On the other hand, instead of a sliding lower flap and a tilting upper flap, the guide wall could comprise two adjacent sliding flaps arranged one above the other, the lower sliding flap being arranged opposite from the lower shaft. One could also consider replacing the upper flap with a fixed element extending less far downwards, by providing a single sliding flap having a greater height than the flap 20 described above.

Claims (9)

1. Shredder comprising two rotating shafts (5, 6) substantially horizontal and parallel, off-set vertically and horizontally with respect to each other, equipped with protruding shredding organs (11) and arranged in a chamber (2) in which materials to be shredded are introduced from above and are guided so as to pass between the two rotating shafts (5, 6), said chamber (2) including a wall (16) for guiding the materials to be shredded which is nearer the lower shaft (6) than the upper shaft (5) and which comprises an opening blocked by at least one mobile shutter (20, 21) reaching substantially over the whole length of the wall, characterised in that the guiding wall comprises a sliding shutter (20), positioned opposite the lower shaft (6) and sliding following the trajectory of the arc of a circle which is concentric with this shaft, this shutter comprising anti-blocking baffles (22) between which pass the shredding organs (11) mounted on the lower shaft.
2. Shredder according to claim 1, characterised in that the sliding shutter (20) is mounted on grooves having the shape of an arc of a circle, positioned along the front walls of the chamber (2).
3. Shredder according to claim 1, characterised in that it comprises a hydraulic mechanism (51) for the opening and closing of the sliding shutter, said mechanism being situated outside the chamber.
4. Shredder according to claim 1, characterised in that it comprises a locking mechanism (56) to lock the sliding shutter in its closed position, this mechanism being provided preferably with a hydraulic drive (55).
5. Shredder according to claim 1, characterised in that the sliding shutter (20) comprises, along its upper edge, a deflector (26) positioned outside the chamber and designed to guide out of the chamber, any materials which may escape.
6. Shredder according to claim 1, characterised in that the guiding wall comprises an upper shutter (21) pivoting around a horizontal axis situated close to the upper edge of this shutter, and in that this shutter is designed so that when closed it presses against the upper edge of the sliding shutter (20).
7. Shredder according to claims 5 and 6, characterised in that the upper shutter comprises, along its lower edge, a support plate (43) designed to press against the deflector (26) of the sliding shutter in the closed position of the two shutters.
8. Shredder according to one of the claims 6 or 7, characterised in that it comprises a hydraulic mechanism (54) for opening and closing the upper shutter.
9. Shredder according to claim 1, characterised in that the guiding wall comprises two sliding shutters arranged adjacent and one above the other, the lower sliding shutter (20) being positioned opposite the lower shaft (6).
EP85810548A 1984-11-16 1985-11-18 Shredder having two horizontally rotatable upset shafts Expired - Lifetime EP0182749B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT85810548T ATE54263T1 (en) 1984-11-16 1985-11-18 SHREDDER WITH TWO HORIZONTAL ROTATING OFFSET AXES.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8417637 1984-11-16
FR8417637A FR2573327B1 (en) 1984-11-16 1984-11-16 SHREDDER COMPRISING TWO ROTATING SHAFTS WITH HORIZONTAL AXES

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0182749A2 EP0182749A2 (en) 1986-05-28
EP0182749A3 EP0182749A3 (en) 1988-04-13
EP0182749B1 true EP0182749B1 (en) 1990-07-04

Family

ID=9309745

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP85810548A Expired - Lifetime EP0182749B1 (en) 1984-11-16 1985-11-18 Shredder having two horizontally rotatable upset shafts

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0182749B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE54263T1 (en)
DE (1) DE3578559D1 (en)
FR (1) FR2573327B1 (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19514951A1 (en) * 1995-04-24 1996-10-31 Willibald Gmbh Maschinenfabrik Mobile waste crusher and shredder

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3723928A1 (en) * 1987-05-16 1988-11-24 Poettinger Alois Landmasch CUTTER ROLLER REDUCERS
US5332164A (en) * 1990-12-31 1994-07-26 Rexworks, Inc. Materials grinder
US5560552A (en) * 1993-11-12 1996-10-01 Environmental Products Corporation Container cutting assembly
DE9409707U1 (en) * 1994-06-16 1994-09-15 Doppstadt Werner Roll shredder
FR2752535B1 (en) * 1996-08-21 1998-11-27 Ferrailles Cie Fse PRE-GRINDING INSTALLATION
US5921372A (en) * 1997-05-02 1999-07-13 Environmental Products Corporation Multiple chambered container compaction assembly with diverter

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2220307A1 (en) * 1973-03-05 1974-10-04 Locaner Sa Rubbish shredder with horizontal parallel rollers - guides direct charge downwards around stepped surface rollers
GB1439103A (en) * 1974-01-19 1976-06-09 Anda Ltd Waste disposal apparatus
GB2024654A (en) * 1978-07-05 1980-01-16 Metal Box Co Ltd Dealing with intractable material in a shredding machine
DE2838001A1 (en) * 1978-08-31 1980-04-24 Peter Voelskow Crusher for bulky materials - has set of rotating cylinders with meshing circular ribs carrying tearing teeth

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19514951A1 (en) * 1995-04-24 1996-10-31 Willibald Gmbh Maschinenfabrik Mobile waste crusher and shredder
DE19514951C2 (en) * 1995-04-24 1998-02-19 Willibald Gmbh Maschinenfabrik Mobile waste shredder

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE54263T1 (en) 1990-07-15
EP0182749A2 (en) 1986-05-28
DE3578559D1 (en) 1990-08-09
EP0182749A3 (en) 1988-04-13
FR2573327A1 (en) 1986-05-23
FR2573327B1 (en) 1988-05-06

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