EP0178967B1 - Vibrating mould for the continuous casting of metals - Google Patents
Vibrating mould for the continuous casting of metals Download PDFInfo
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- EP0178967B1 EP0178967B1 EP85401769A EP85401769A EP0178967B1 EP 0178967 B1 EP0178967 B1 EP 0178967B1 EP 85401769 A EP85401769 A EP 85401769A EP 85401769 A EP85401769 A EP 85401769A EP 0178967 B1 EP0178967 B1 EP 0178967B1
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- mold
- transducer
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/04—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into open-ended moulds
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/04—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into open-ended moulds
- B22D11/053—Means for oscillating the moulds
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a vibrating ingot mold for continuous casting of metals according to the preamble of claim 1.
- An ingot mold having all the characteristics of the preamble of claim 1 is known from document BE-A-886924.
- the internal tubular element is a piece of copper, or copper alloy, machined from a block or made up of four assembled plates defining a passage for the cast product and which is vigorously cooled, generally by circulation of water, in order to cause a peripheral solidification of the cast metal.
- the present invention aims to provide a solution to an ultrasonic vibration of a continuous casting mold which overcomes the disadvantages of known solutions.
- the subject of the invention is a vibrating ingot mold for continuous casting of metals, of the type comprising at least one ultrasonic transducer applied against the internal tubular element of the ingot mold in contact with the cast metal, characterized in that this transducer is mounted on the edge of one end of said tubular element in the extension thereof, and oriented to transmit to said tubular element the ultrasonic vibrations which it generates in a longitudinal direction parallel, or substantially parallel, to the casting axis in the ingot mold.
- the direction of transmission of vibrations to the wall of the ingot mold is such that the mass of liquid product present in the ingot mold has no damping effect on the vibrations transmitted. It is therefore in no way necessary, as in the previously known method recalled above, to thicken the wall in order to preserve the conditions of resonance in this wall.
- the ingot mold can therefore without disadvantage be produced in a conventional manner, that is to say have a thin wall cooled by means of a cooling fluid circulating in an annular space surrounding the external face of said wall.
- the method according to the invention can be applied to existing ingot molds without the latter requiring any particular adaptation.
- the vibratory efficiency can be optimal, which constitutes another advantage compared to known methods in which the vibrations are transmitted perpendicular to the casting axis.
- the ultrasonic vibrations used according to the invention will advantageously be power ultrasound, the frequency of which is preferably greater than or equal to 16 kHz and for example between 16 and 60 kHz, to avoid noise pollution. too important.
- the ultrasonic vibration generator can be of different types. It can for example be constituted by a magnetostrictive transducer. However, piezoelectric transducers whose electrical-mechanical conversion yields can reach 95% are preferred.
- the plates of piezoelectric material have substantially the same shape as the cross section of the mold.
- a particularly rigid and compact ingot mold can thus be obtained when said plates have the same dimensions as said section and when the emitting metal mass also has a cross section having the shape and dimensions of the section of the ingot mold.
- the continuous casting ingot mold represented in the figures is conventionally constituted by a tubular element 14 made of copper or copper alloy defining a passage for the cast product 19 and surrounded at a distance by a jacket 5.
- the jacket 5 and the element 14 define between them a space for circulation of a cooling fluid (generally water), and connected to the outside by two conduits 6 and 7 respectively of inlet and outlet of the water.
- the role of this water circulation is to extract, through the wall of the element 14, a flow of heat from the cast metal 19 sufficient to cause the formation of a peripheral solidified crust 18 keeping the core still liquid at the outlet of the ingot mold when the product is extracted in the direction indicated by the arrow carried by the casting axis A.
- the supply of liquid metal to the ingot mold at its end opposite to that of the extraction of the product n ' has not been shown so as not to overload the figures unnecessarily.
- the tubular element 14 is formed from four assembled plates 1 to 4 defining the four internal side walls of an ingot mold for the casting of products of rectangular cross section.
- An ultrasonic vibration transducer 8 is mounted on the edge 20 of the upper end of the tubular element 14.
- This is a piezoelectric transducer of principle perfectly known per se. It comprises, in the embodiment shown, an upper plate 9 and a lower plate 10, both made of piezoelectric material, for example piezoelectric ceramic such as lead titanozirconate. These two plates are clamped face to face with the interposition of a conductive sheet 11, between a first upper metallic mass 12, called “emitting mass", and a second lower metallic mass, constituted in this case by the internal tubular element 14 himself.
- the plates 9, 10 and the metal mass 12 extend around the entire periphery of the upper edge 20 of the element 13.
- These plates 9, 10 have the shape and the dimensions of this edge and the metallic mass 12 has a section whose shape and dimensions correspond to those of element 14, the lateral faces of this mass 12 thus being in the extension of the lateral faces of element 14.
- the stack formed by the upper metal mass 12, the upper plate 9, the conductive sheet 11, the lower plate 10 and the tubular element 14, is kept assembled by means of clamping rods 13 passing right through the mass.
- rings 15 isolating the clamping rods 13 from the plates 9, 10 and the conductive sheet 11 and by electrical contacts 16, 17 secured respectively to the conductive sheet 11 and to the upper metallic mass 12 and connected to an alternating current source (not shown).
- the dimensions of the upper metallic mass 12 and of this element 14 are chosen so that the distance D separating the upper end from the metallic mass 12 of the lower end of the element 14 is equal to an integer number of times the half wavelength of the vibrations emitted by the transducer 8.
- the height of the metallic mass 12 is also chosen so that the distance D 'separating the upper end of this mass 12 from the median plane of the sheet 11 is equal to ⁇ / 4 (modulo ⁇ / 2), ⁇ being the length waveform of the vibrations emitted by the transducer 8.
- the vibrations emitted by the transducer 8 are transmitted vertically to said element, that is to say in the direction of the casting axis symbolized at A in FIG. 2, these vibrations then propagating vertically within this wall which then vibrates in the longitudinal direction of the mold.
- This vibration produces a reduction in the friction forces at the interface of the copper element 14 and the solidified crust 18 surrounding the still liquid core 19 of the cast metal, which has the effect of very significantly reducing the risks of attachment or bonding of said crust to the internal surface of element 14.
- the invention can advantageously be combined with the usual practice of lubrication by oil or by covering powder, as well as with the usual practice of putting the whole ingot mold into longitudinal mechanical oscillation.
- the invention applies not only to an ingot mold with assembled plates, as considered in the previous example, and generally used for casting slabs or large blooms, but also to ingot molds provided with an element machined monolithic internal tubular, generally used for casting billets or blooms, round, square, rectangular or other.
- the transducer comprises two ceramic plates, but the present invention can also be implemented with a stack of more than two superimposed ceramic plates, for example 4, 6, 8, ... (always in even number); this allows, if desired, to increase the power of the ultrasonic wave.
- the ceramic constituting the transducer plates is not limited to lead titanozirconate, but other materials may be suitable for the desired use, insofar as they have good mechanical resistance ensuring them a satisfactory resistance to high electric fields.
- the invention accommodates perfectly with stirring of the liquid metal in an ingot mold, for example using a magnetic field rotating around the casting axis, or sliding parallel or perpendicular to this axis.
Abstract
Description
La présente invention concerne une lingotière vibrante de coulée continue des métaux selon le préambule de la revendication 1. Une lingotière ayant toutes les caractéristiques du préambule de la revendication 1 est connue du document BE-A-886924.The present invention relates to a vibrating ingot mold for continuous casting of metals according to the preamble of
On rappelle que l'élément tubulaire interne est une pièce en cuivre, ou alliage de cuivre, usinée d'un bloc ou constituée de quatre plaques assemblées définissant un passage pour le produit coulé et qui est énergiquement refroidie, généralement par circulation d'eau, afin de provoquer une solidification périphérique du métal coulé.It will be recalled that the internal tubular element is a piece of copper, or copper alloy, machined from a block or made up of four assembled plates defining a passage for the cast product and which is vigorously cooled, generally by circulation of water, in order to cause a peripheral solidification of the cast metal.
L'un des problèmes majeurs rencontrés dans la coulée continue des métaux, notamment de l'acier, que celle-ci soit du type vertical, courbe ou horizontal, est celui de l'accrochage, sur la surface interne de l'élément tubulaire, de la croûte solidifiée résultant du refroidissement périphérique de la barre coulée. Du fait de ces accrochages, il peut se produire, lors de la progression de la barre dans la lingotière, des déchirements de la croûte solidifiée qui sont à l'origine de percées et de défauts de surface sur les produits obtenus.One of the major problems encountered in the continuous casting of metals, in particular steel, whether the latter is of the vertical, curved or horizontal type, is that of attachment, on the internal surface of the tubular element, of the solidified crust resulting from the peripheral cooling of the casting bar. Because of these snags, it may occur, during the progression of the bar in the mold, tearing of the solidified crust which are the cause of breakthroughs and surface defects on the products obtained.
D'après la littérature (BE-A-886924, FR-A-2471 821 et JP-A-86432/79), il est connu de réduire les frottements, et donc de favoriser la lubrification entre le métal coulé et la paroi interne de la lingotière, en appliquant à celle-ci, au moyen de transducteurs fixés latéralement sur l'élément tubulaire interne, des vibrations ultrasonores selon une direction perpendiculaire à la surface de l'élément, i.e. perpendiculaire à l'axe de coulée. On parviendrait de cette façon à limiter les risques de percées et à améliorer la qualité de surface des produits coulés.According to the literature (BE-A-886924, FR-A-2471 821 and JP-A-86432/79), it is known to reduce friction, and therefore to promote lubrication between the cast metal and the internal wall of the mold, by applying thereto, by means of transducers fixed laterally on the internal tubular element, ultrasonic vibrations in a direction perpendicular to the surface of the element, ie perpendicular to the casting axis. This would reduce the risk of breakthroughs and improve the surface quality of the cast products.
Cependant, on est en droit de penser que cette technique connue présente certains inconvénients majeurs: sous l'effet de telles vibrations, la paroi de l'élément tubulaire subit des déformations vers l'intérieur de la lingotière, déformations dont l'amplitude n'atteint un maximum qu'au voisinage de l'endroit où le transducteur ultrasonore est appliqué contre ladite paroi. Il n'en résulte qu'une réduction globale limitée des forces de frottement, généralement de l'ordre de 50%, sauf à multiplier le nombre de transducteurs, comme le propose d'ailleurs le document FR-A-2471 821 précité.However, we are entitled to think that this known technique has certain major drawbacks: under the effect of such vibrations, the wall of the tubular element undergoes deformations towards the inside of the ingot mold, deformations whose amplitude does not reaches a maximum only in the vicinity of the place where the ultrasonic transducer is applied against said wall. This only results in a limited overall reduction in the friction forces, generally of the order of 50%, unless the number of transducers is multiplied, as, moreover, the aforementioned document FR-A-2471 821 suggests.
Par ailleurs, la masse importante d'acier liquide présente dans la lingotière tend par son inertie à s'opposer aux vibrations transmises à la paroi. Il est nécessaire, pour pallier cet effet, de surépaissir cette dernière et, partant, de faire appel à des lingotières lourdes et onéreuses et au surplus complexes en raison du mode de refroidissement par canaux internes indispensables pour ce type de lingotière.Furthermore, the large mass of liquid steel present in the mold tends by its inertia to oppose the vibrations transmitted to the wall. To overcome this effect, it is necessary to thicken the latter and, therefore, to use heavy and expensive ingot molds and, moreover, complex due to the mode of cooling by internal channels essential for this type of ingot mold.
On connaît également, par le document GB-A-2108 878 (BSC), une technique de mise en oscillation longitudinale d'une lingotière de coulée continue venant reposer à cet effet sur des oscillateurs fixés au bâti de la machine de coulée. Dans cette technique, c'est donc l'ensemble de la lingotière qui est mis en oscillation et non pas uniquement l'élément tubulaire interne, de sorte qu'on ne peut raisonnablement envisager de mettre en oscillation à fréquence ultrasonore une telle masse de plusieurs tonnes, voire de plus de dix tonnes dans le cas de la coulée de produits à large section tels que les brames.Also known, from document GB-A-2108 878 (BSC), is a technique of longitudinal oscillation of a continuous casting ingot mold coming to rest for this purpose on oscillators fixed to the frame of the casting machine. In this technique, it is therefore the whole of the ingot mold which is set in oscillation and not only the internal tubular element, so that it is not reasonably possible to set in oscillation at ultrasonic frequency such a mass of several tonnes, or even more than ten tonnes in the case of casting large section products such as slabs.
La présente invention a pour but de proposer une solution à une mise en vibration ultrasonore d'une lingotière de coulée continue qui pallie les inconvénients des solutions connues.The present invention aims to provide a solution to an ultrasonic vibration of a continuous casting mold which overcomes the disadvantages of known solutions.
A cet effet, l'invention a pour objet une lingotière vibrante de coulée continue des métaux, du type comprenant au moins un transducteur ultrasonore appliqué contre l'élément tubulaire interne de la lingotière au contact du métal coulé, caractérisée en ce que ce transducteur est monté sur le bord d'une extrémité dudit élément tubulaire dans le prolongement de celui-ci, et orienté pour transmettre audit élément tubulaire les vibrations ultrasonores qu'il génère selon une direction longitudinale parallèle, ou sensiblement parallèle, à l'axe de coulée dans la lingotière.To this end, the subject of the invention is a vibrating ingot mold for continuous casting of metals, of the type comprising at least one ultrasonic transducer applied against the internal tubular element of the ingot mold in contact with the cast metal, characterized in that this transducer is mounted on the edge of one end of said tubular element in the extension thereof, and oriented to transmit to said tubular element the ultrasonic vibrations which it generates in a longitudinal direction parallel, or substantially parallel, to the casting axis in the ingot mold.
On comprend que, conformément à l'invention, la direction de transmission des vibrations à la paroi de la lingotière est telle que la masse de produit liquide coulé présente dans la lingotière n'a pas d'effet d'amortissement sur les vibrations transmises. Il n'est donc nullement nécessaire, comme dans le procédé antérieurement connu rappelé ci-dessus, de surépaissir la paroi pour conserver les conditions de résonance dans cette paroi. La lingotière peut donc sans inconvénient être réalisée de manière classique, c'est-à-dire présenter une paroi de faible épaisseur refroidie au moyen d'un fluide de refroidissement circulant dans un espace annulaire entourant la face externe de ladite paroi. En d'autres termes, le procédé selon l'invention peut être appliqué aux lingotières existantes sans que celles-ci ne nécessitent une adaptation particulière.It is understood that, in accordance with the invention, the direction of transmission of vibrations to the wall of the ingot mold is such that the mass of liquid product present in the ingot mold has no damping effect on the vibrations transmitted. It is therefore in no way necessary, as in the previously known method recalled above, to thicken the wall in order to preserve the conditions of resonance in this wall. The ingot mold can therefore without disadvantage be produced in a conventional manner, that is to say have a thin wall cooled by means of a cooling fluid circulating in an annular space surrounding the external face of said wall. In other words, the method according to the invention can be applied to existing ingot molds without the latter requiring any particular adaptation.
En outre, conformément à l'invention qui assure une vibration longitudinale de la paroi, le rendement vibratoire peut être optimal, ce qui constitue un autre avantage par rapport aux procédés connus dans lesquels les vibrations sont transmises perpendiculairement à l'axe de coulée.In addition, in accordance with the invention which provides a longitudinal vibration of the wall, the vibratory efficiency can be optimal, which constitutes another advantage compared to known methods in which the vibrations are transmitted perpendicular to the casting axis.
Il est à noter par ailleurs que les vibrations ultrasonores mises en oeuvre selon l'invention seront avantageusement des ultrasons de puissance dont la fréquence est de préférence supérieure ou égale à 16 kHz et par exemple comprise entre 16 et 60 kHz, pour éviter une nuisance sonore trop importante.It should also be noted that the ultrasonic vibrations used according to the invention will advantageously be power ultrasound, the frequency of which is preferably greater than or equal to 16 kHz and for example between 16 and 60 kHz, to avoid noise pollution. too important.
Le générateur de vibrations ultrasonores peut être de différents types. Il peut par exemple être constitué par un transducteur magnétostrictif. On préfère néanmoins les transducteurs piézoélectri- ques dont les rendements de conversion électrique-mécanique peuvent atteindre 95%.The ultrasonic vibration generator can be of different types. It can for example be constituted by a magnetostrictive transducer. However, piezoelectric transducers whose electrical-mechanical conversion yields can reach 95% are preferred.
Dans le cas de l'utilisation d'un transducteur piézoélectrique unique comprenant, de manière connue en soi, des plaquettes en matériau piézoélectrique (tel qu'une céramique piézoélectrique), maintenue entre une masse métallique émettrice et une masse métallique d'équilibre, l'une de ces masses est avantageusement formée par la lingotière elle-même, l'une des plaquettes venant en appui sur le bord d'une extrémité de la lingotière. Cette disposition particulière présente en effet l'avantage de supprimer les problèmes inhérents au couplage entre le transducteur et la pièce à laquelle on désire transmettre des vibrations, couplage qui doit nécessairement être très rigide quand ces vibrations sont de forte intensité, comme c'est le cas des ultrasons de puissance.In the case of the use of a single piezoelectric transducer comprising, in a manner known per se, plates of piezoelectric material (such as a piezoelectric ceramic), held between a metallic emitting mass and an equilibrium metal mass, one of these masses is advantageously formed by the ingot mold itself, one of the plates coming to bear on the edge of one end of the ingot mold. This particular arrangement has the advantage of eliminating the problems inherent in coupling between the transducer and the part to which one wishes to transmit vibrations, a coupling which must necessarily be very rigid when these vibrations are of high intensity, as is the case. power ultrasound.
Suivant un mode de réalisation de la lingotière à transducteur unique selon l'invention, les plaquettes en matériau piézoélectrique présentent sensiblement la même forme que la section droite de la lingotière. Une lingotière particulièrement rigide et compacte peut ainsi être obtenue quand lesdites plaquettes présentent les mêmes dimensions que ladite section et quand la masse métallique émettrice présente également une section transversale possédant la forme et les dimensions de la section de la lingotière.According to one embodiment of the mold with a single transducer according to the invention, the plates of piezoelectric material have substantially the same shape as the cross section of the mold. A particularly rigid and compact ingot mold can thus be obtained when said plates have the same dimensions as said section and when the emitting metal mass also has a cross section having the shape and dimensions of the section of the ingot mold.
Par ailleurs, pour réaliser les conditions optimales de résonance de la lingotière, dont la paroi constitue l'une des masses métalliques du transducteur piézoélectrique, on choisit les dimensions des masses métalliques de façon que la distance D, séparant l'extrémité libre de la masse émettrice de l'extrémité libre de la masse d'équilibre, soit telle que l'on ait D = kÀ/2 où k est un nombre entier et À la longueur d'onde des vibrations ultrasonores générées par le transducteur.Furthermore, to achieve the optimal resonance conditions of the ingot mold, the wall of which constitutes one of the metal masses of the piezoelectric transducer, the dimensions of the metal masses are chosen so that the distance D, separating the free end from the mass emitting the free end of the equilibrium mass, such that we have D = kA / 2 where k is an integer and At the wavelength of the ultrasonic vibrations generated by the transducer.
On notera enfin que pour atteindre une fiabilité optimale de la lingotière selon l'invention, comprenant un transducteur à deux plaquettes superposées en matériau piézoélectrique, on cherchera à faire coïncider le plan de joint des deux plaquettes avec un plan nodal des ondes ultrasonores générées. Ceci revient en pratique à choisir les dimensions de la masse métallique émettrice pour que la distance D', séparant l'extrémité libre de cette masse du plan de joint des deux plaquettes, soit telle que l'on ait D' = À/4 + n'À/2 où n'est égal à zéro ou à un nombre entier et À représente la longueur d'onde des vibrations ultrasonores générées par le transducteur.Finally, it will be noted that in order to achieve optimum reliability of the ingot mold according to the invention, comprising a transducer with two superposed plates of piezoelectric material, it will be sought to make the joint plane of the two plates coincide with a nodal plane of the ultrasonic waves generated. This amounts in practice to choosing the dimensions of the emitting metallic mass so that the distance D ', separating the free end of this mass from the joint plane of the two plates, is such that we have D' = À / 4 + n'A / 2 where is equal to zero or an integer and λ represents the wavelength of the ultrasonic vibrations generated by the transducer.
Un mode de réalisation de l'invention est décrit ci-après à titre d'exemple non limitatif en référence au dessin annexé dans lequel:
- - la figure 1 est une représentation schématique en perspective, vu du dessus d'un élément tubulaire interne d'une lingotière de coulée continue d'acier de type vertical selon l'invention;
- - la figure 2 est une coupe longitudinale simplifiée à plus grande échelle de la lingotière selon la figure 1 en fonctionnement;
- - la figure 3 est une vue agrandie et plus détaillée de l'extrémité supérieure de la lingotière selon la figure 2.
- - Figure 1 is a schematic perspective representation, seen from above of an internal tubular element of a continuous steel ingot mold of vertical type according to the invention;
- - Figure 2 is a simplified longitudinal section on a larger scale of the mold according to Figure 1 in operation;
- FIG. 3 is an enlarged and more detailed view of the upper end of the mold according to FIG. 2.
La lingotière de coulée continue représentée sur les figures est classiquement constituée par un élément tubulaire 14 en cuivre ou alliage de cuivre définissant un passage pour le produit coulé 19 et entouré à distance par une chemise 5. La chemise 5 et l'élément 14 définissent entre eux un espace de circulation d'un fluide de refroidissement (généralement de l'eau), et relié à l'extérieur par deux conduites 6 et 7 respectivement d'arrivée et de sortie de l'eau. Le rôle de cette circulation d'eau est d'extraire, au travers de la paroi de l'élément 14, un flux de chaleur du métal coulé 19 suffisant pour provoquer la formation d'une croûte solidifiée périphérique 18 maintenant le coeur encore liquide à la sortie de la lingotière lorsqu'on extrait le produit dans le sens indiqué par la flèche portée par l'axe de coulée A. L'alimentation de la lingotière en métal liquide à son extrémité opposée à celle de l'extraction du produit n'a pas été représentée pour ne pas surcharger inutilement les figures.The continuous casting ingot mold represented in the figures is conventionally constituted by a
Dans l'exemple considéré, l'élément tubulaire 14 est formé de quatre plaques assemblées 1 à 4 définissant les quatre parois latérales internes d'une lingotière pour la coulée de produits de section droite rectangulaire.In the example considered, the
Un transducteur 8 de vibrations ultrasonores est monté sur le bord 20 de l'extrémité supérieure de l'élément tubulaire 14. Il s'agit ici d'un transducteur piézoélectrique de principe parfaitement connu en soi. Il comprend, dans le mode de réalisation représenté, une plaquette supérieure 9 et une plaquette inférieure 10, toutes deux en matériau piézoélectrique, par exemple en céramique piézoélectrique telle que du titanozirconate de plomb. Ces deux plaquettes sont serrées face contre face avec interposition d'une feuille conductrice 11, entre une première masse métallique supérieure 12, dite «masse émettrice», et une seconde masse métallique inférieure, constituée dans le cas présent par l'élément tubulaire interne 14 lui-même. Comme cela est clairement montré par les figures, les plaquettes 9, 10 et la masse métallique 12 s'étendent sur tout le pourtour du bord supérieur 20 de l'élément 13. Ces plaquettes 9,10 présentent la forme et les dimensions de ce bord et la masse métallique 12 présente une section dont la forme et les dimensions correspondent à celles de l'élément 14, les faces latérales de cette masse 12 étant ainsi dans le prolongement des faces latérales de l'élément 14.An
Parailleurs, l'empilageformé par la masse métallique supérieure 12, la plaquette supérieure 9, la feuille conductrice 11, la plaquette inférieure 10 et l'élément tubulaire 14, est maintenu assemblé au moyen de tiges de serrage 13 traversant de part en part la masse métallique 12, les plaquettes 9, 10 et la feuille conductrice 11 et venant en prise par leur extrémité dans l'épaisseur de la paroi de l'élément 14.Furthermore, the stack formed by the
L'ensemble ainsi décrit est complété par des bagues 15 isolant les tiges de serrage 13 des plaquettes 9, 10 et de la feuille conductrice 11 et par des contacts électriques 16, 17 solidarisés respectivement à la feuille conductrice 11 et à la masse métallique supérieure 12 et reliés à une source de courant alternatif (non représenté).The assembly thus described is completed by
D'autre part, en vue de réaliser les conditions de résonance au sein de l'élément 14, les dimensions de la masse métallique supérieure 12 et de cet élément 14 sont choisies pour que la distance D séparant l'extrémité supérieure de la masse métallique 12 de l'extrémité inférieure de l'élément 14 soit égale à un nombre entier de fois la demi-longueur d'onde des vibrations émises par le transducteur 8.On the other hand, in order to achieve the resonance conditions within the
La hauteur de la masse métallique 12 est en outre choisie pour que la distance D'séparant l'extrémité supérieure de cette masse 12 du plan médian de la feuille 11 soit égale à λ/4 (modulo À/2), À étant la longueur d'onde des vibrations émises par le transducteur 8.The height of the
Compte tenu de la position relative de la masse métallique supérieure 12 et de l'élément tubulaire interne 14 de la lingotière, les vibrations émises par le transducteur 8 sont transmises verticalement audit élément, c'est-à-dire dans la direction de l'axe de coulée symbolisé en A sur la figure 2, ces vibrations se propageant ensuite verticalement au sein de cette paroi qui vibre alors dans la direction longitudinale de la lingotière. Cette vibration produit une réduction des forces de frottement à l'interface de l'élément en cuivre 14 et de la croûte solidifiée 18 entourant le coeur encore liquide 19 du métal coulé, ce qui a pour effet de diminuer de manière très sensible les risques d'accrochage ou de collage de ladite croûte à la surface interne de l'élément 14.Given the relative position of the
On observe que l'invention peut avantageusement se combiner avec la pratique habituelle de lubrification par huile ou par poudre de couverture, de même qu'avec la pratique habituelle de mise en oscillation mécanique longitudinale de l'ensemble de la lingotière.It is observed that the invention can advantageously be combined with the usual practice of lubrication by oil or by covering powder, as well as with the usual practice of putting the whole ingot mold into longitudinal mechanical oscillation.
Il est noter que l'invention s'applique, non seulement sur lingotière à plaques assemblées, telles que considérées dans l'exemple précédent, et généralement utilisées pour la coulée de brames ou de gros blooms, mais également aux lingotières pourvues d'un élément tubulaire interne monolithique usiné, généralement retenu pour la coulée des billettes ou des blooms, ronds, carrés, rectangulaires ou autres.It should be noted that the invention applies not only to an ingot mold with assembled plates, as considered in the previous example, and generally used for casting slabs or large blooms, but also to ingot molds provided with an element machined monolithic internal tubular, generally used for casting billets or blooms, round, square, rectangular or other.
En outre, on prendra soin, pour des raisons évidentes de tenue en fatigue, d'assembler l'élément tubulaire interne au reste du corps de la lingotière en des points de fixation qui se situent dans des plans nodaux de l'onde ultrasonore.In addition, care will be taken, for obvious reasons of fatigue resistance, to assemble the internal tubular element to the rest of the body of the mold at fixing points which are located in the nodal planes of the ultrasonic wave.
Dans l'exemple décrit ci-dessus, le transducteur comporte deux plaquettes céramique, mais la présente invention peut également être mise en oeuvre avec un empilage de plus de deux plaquettes céramique superposées, par exemple 4, 6, 8, ... (toujours en nombre pair); ceci permet, si on le souhaite, d'augmenter la puissance de l'onde ultrasonore.In the example described above, the transducer comprises two ceramic plates, but the present invention can also be implemented with a stack of more than two superimposed ceramic plates, for example 4, 6, 8, ... (always in even number); this allows, if desired, to increase the power of the ultrasonic wave.
La céramique constituant les plaquettes du transducteur n'est pas limitée au titanozirconate de plomb, mais d'autres matériaux peuvent convenir à l'usage recherché, dans la mesure où ils présentent une bonne résistance mécanique leur assurant une tenue satisfaisante aux champs électriques élevés.The ceramic constituting the transducer plates is not limited to lead titanozirconate, but other materials may be suitable for the desired use, insofar as they have good mechanical resistance ensuring them a satisfactory resistance to high electric fields.
Par ailleurs, l'invention s'accommode parfaitement avec un brassage du métal liquide en lingotière, par exemple à l'aide d'un champ magnétique tournant autour de l'axe de coulée, ou glissant parallèlement ou perpendiculairement à cet axe.Furthermore, the invention accommodates perfectly with stirring of the liquid metal in an ingot mold, for example using a magnetic field rotating around the casting axis, or sliding parallel or perpendicular to this axis.
Il est clair enfin que l'application de l'invention ne se limite pas aux lingotières verticales de coulée continue, mais s'étend également aux lingotières inclinées, courbes et même horizontales.Finally, it is clear that the application of the invention is not limited to vertical ingot molds for continuous casting, but also extends to inclined, curved and even horizontal ingot molds.
Dans le cas de la coulée continue horizontale, qui semble à présent en cours de développement industriel, la lingotière étant solidaire du récipient qui l'alimente en métal liquide, sa mise en oscillation mécanique, avec ou indépendamment du récipient, pose d'importantes difficultés non encore résolues à l'heure actuelle à la connaissance des inventeurs. On comprendra que l'invention peut apporter une solution particulièrement satisfaisante et qu'une façon de mise en oeuvre dans ce cas peut consister simplement à monter le transducteur à l'extrémité libre opposée à celle connectée à l'orifice de sortie du récipient.In the case of horizontal continuous casting, which now seems to be under industrial development, the mold being integral with the container which supplies it with liquid metal, its mechanical oscillation, with or independently of the container, poses significant difficulties. not yet resolved at the present time to the knowledge of the inventors. It will be understood that the invention can provide a particularly satisfactory solution and that a way of implementation in this case can consist simply in mounting the transducer at the free end opposite to that connected to the outlet orifice of the container.
Claims (9)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AT85401769T ATE31259T1 (en) | 1984-09-26 | 1985-09-12 | VIBRATING MOLD FOR CONTINUOUS CASTING OF METALS. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR8414759 | 1984-09-26 | ||
| FR8414759A FR2570626B1 (en) | 1984-09-26 | 1984-09-26 | METHOD FOR VIBRATION OF A CONTINUOUS CASTING LINGOTIERE IN ORDER TO REDUCE THE FRICTION COEFFICIENT IN THIS LINGOTIERE AND LINGOTIERE FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THIS PROCESS |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0178967A1 EP0178967A1 (en) | 1986-04-23 |
| EP0178967B1 true EP0178967B1 (en) | 1987-12-09 |
Family
ID=9308086
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP85401769A Expired EP0178967B1 (en) | 1984-09-26 | 1985-09-12 | Vibrating mould for the continuous casting of metals |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4662427A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0178967B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPS6182951A (en) |
| KR (1) | KR920002105B1 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE31259T1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1246318A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3561132D1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2570626B1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (17)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2640173B3 (en) * | 1988-12-08 | 1990-12-07 | Siderurgie Fse Inst Rech | DEVICE FOR ULTRASONIC VIBRATION OF A CONTINUOUS CASTING LINGOTIERE |
| IT1288989B1 (en) * | 1996-09-25 | 1998-09-25 | Danieli Off Mecc | PROCEDURE FOR OBTAINING VIBRATIONS OF THE WALLS OF THE CRYSTALLIZER OF AN INGOT MILL BY MEANS OF ACTUATORS AND |
| DE19823361A1 (en) * | 1998-05-15 | 1999-11-25 | Mannesmann Ag | Continuous billet extraction |
| KR100677835B1 (en) * | 1999-11-01 | 2007-02-05 | 미쓰이 가가쿠 가부시키가이샤 | The laminate of olefinic thermoplastic elastomer and the gasket for construction |
| US20040177942A1 (en) * | 2001-01-12 | 2004-09-16 | Mason Douglas P. | Method and apparatus for vibration casting of vehicle wheels |
| US6523601B1 (en) | 2001-08-31 | 2003-02-25 | Shlomo Hury | Method and apparatus for improving internal quality of continuously cast steel sections |
| US8545645B2 (en) * | 2003-12-02 | 2013-10-01 | Franklin Leroy Stebbing | Stress free steel and rapid production of same |
| CA2666319A1 (en) * | 2006-10-13 | 2008-04-17 | Magna International Inc. | Metal forming with vibration assist |
| CN103056318B (en) | 2008-03-05 | 2017-06-09 | 南线有限责任公司 | As the niobium of the protective wall in motlten metal |
| US8652397B2 (en) | 2010-04-09 | 2014-02-18 | Southwire Company | Ultrasonic device with integrated gas delivery system |
| DK2556176T3 (en) | 2010-04-09 | 2020-05-04 | Southwire Co Llc | Ultrasonic degassing of molten metals |
| DE102011083016A1 (en) * | 2011-09-20 | 2013-03-21 | Sms Siemag Ag | Apparatus for continuous casting and use of piezoelectric actuators |
| BR112016011262B1 (en) | 2013-11-18 | 2021-05-18 | Southwire Company, Llc | ultrasonic device and method for reducing an amount of a dissolved gas and/or an impurity in a molten metal bath |
| EP2905093B1 (en) * | 2014-02-07 | 2018-08-29 | SMS Concast AG | Mould assembly for continuous casting of metallic products |
| CN107848024B (en) | 2015-02-09 | 2021-02-09 | 汉斯科技有限责任公司 | Ultrasonic grain refinement |
| US10233515B1 (en) | 2015-08-14 | 2019-03-19 | Southwire Company, Llc | Metal treatment station for use with ultrasonic degassing system |
| CN108348993B (en) | 2015-09-10 | 2022-02-01 | 南线有限责任公司 | Molten metal processing apparatus, method, system and casting machine for forming metal product |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SU899239A1 (en) * | 1978-09-22 | 1982-01-23 | Предприятие П/Я А-1977 | Method of continuous casting of aluminium |
| JPS5611149A (en) * | 1979-07-06 | 1981-02-04 | Nippon Steel Corp | Mold for continuous casting of metal |
| JPS602143B2 (en) * | 1979-07-06 | 1985-01-19 | 新日本製鐵株式会社 | Continuous metal casting method |
| JPS5611137A (en) * | 1979-07-06 | 1981-02-04 | Nippon Steel Corp | Combined mold for continuous casting of metal |
| JPS5934465B2 (en) * | 1979-07-06 | 1984-08-22 | 新日本製鐵株式会社 | Mold for continuous metal casting |
| JPS5611154A (en) * | 1979-07-09 | 1981-02-04 | Nippon Steel Corp | Mold for continuous casting of metal |
| JPS5689359A (en) * | 1979-12-21 | 1981-07-20 | Nippon Kokan Kk <Nkk> | Vibrating device of mold for continuous casting |
| GB2108878A (en) * | 1981-11-06 | 1983-05-25 | British Steel Corp | Vibration of a continuous casting machine mould |
-
1984
- 1984-09-26 FR FR8414759A patent/FR2570626B1/en not_active Expired
-
1985
- 1985-09-12 AT AT85401769T patent/ATE31259T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1985-09-12 DE DE8585401769T patent/DE3561132D1/en not_active Expired
- 1985-09-12 EP EP85401769A patent/EP0178967B1/en not_active Expired
- 1985-09-25 CA CA000491546A patent/CA1246318A/en not_active Expired
- 1985-09-25 JP JP60212003A patent/JPS6182951A/en active Granted
- 1985-09-26 US US06/780,509 patent/US4662427A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1985-09-26 KR KR1019850007102A patent/KR920002105B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0178967A1 (en) | 1986-04-23 |
| FR2570626A1 (en) | 1986-03-28 |
| FR2570626B1 (en) | 1987-05-07 |
| DE3561132D1 (en) | 1988-01-21 |
| US4662427A (en) | 1987-05-05 |
| KR920002105B1 (en) | 1992-03-12 |
| ATE31259T1 (en) | 1987-12-15 |
| KR860002321A (en) | 1986-04-24 |
| CA1246318A (en) | 1988-12-13 |
| JPS6182951A (en) | 1986-04-26 |
| JPH0371937B2 (en) | 1991-11-15 |
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