EP0176782A2 - Insulating oil for electrical medium or high voltage plants - Google Patents

Insulating oil for electrical medium or high voltage plants Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0176782A2
EP0176782A2 EP19850111026 EP85111026A EP0176782A2 EP 0176782 A2 EP0176782 A2 EP 0176782A2 EP 19850111026 EP19850111026 EP 19850111026 EP 85111026 A EP85111026 A EP 85111026A EP 0176782 A2 EP0176782 A2 EP 0176782A2
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Prior art keywords
diphenylalkanes
high voltage
insulating oil
medium
insulating
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EP19850111026
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Adolph Dr. Segnitz
Alfred Dr. Hovestadt
Knut Dr. Oppenlaender
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Chemische Fabrik Wibarco GmbH
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Chemische Fabrik Wibarco GmbH
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
    • H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
    • H01B3/20—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances liquids, e.g. oils
    • H01B3/22—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances liquids, e.g. oils hydrocarbons

Definitions

  • the invention relates to insulating oils for medium and high voltage electrical devices.
  • the insulating oils are known to be used for the electrical insulation of electrical transformers, switches, cables and capacitors which are operated in the medium and high voltage range.
  • halogenated, in particular chlorinated, diphenyls are often suitable as insulating oils for medium and high voltage electrical equipment.
  • the use of these insulating oils has shown, however, that hydrogen halide can be released from them during silent electrical discharges, which can damage both the medium and high voltage electrical equipment and the environment.
  • the halogenated diphenyls cannot be used in numerous possible applications because of their relatively high viscosity and their low flowability at low temperatures.
  • Alkylbenzenes with 9 to 16 carbon atoms in the alkyl groups are also used as insulating oils for cables. optionally in a mixture with mineral oil.
  • dicarboxylic acid esters and polysiloxanes or their fluorinated derivatives are also known as capacitor insulating oils. However, these first have to be generated in complex synthetic processes.
  • JP-PS 74 19 084 describes the use of the heavy alkylate obtained in the production of alkylbenzene, which consists of alkylbenols and diphenylalkanes, as an insulating oil for transformers.
  • the fraction of heavy alkylate is used as the insulating oil, which boils at a pressure of 20 mbar at a temperature of over 260 ° C.
  • this fraction is less suitable as an insulating oil for capacitors and cables.
  • the invention relates to the use of diphenylalkanes of the formula I. wherein R 1 and R 2 mean the same or different linear alkyl radicals with a total of 6 to 15 carbon atoms with a pour point of ⁇ -55 ° C and a flash point of> 200 ° C, as an insulating oil for electrical medium and high voltage devices.
  • the invention relates to the use of diphenylalkanes according to claim 1 of formula II in which x, y and z are the numbers 0 to 11 and the sum x + y + z is 2 to 11.
  • diphenylalkanes as insulating oil lies in their particularly favorable properties, such as the high flash point combined with a high dielectric constant, low viscosity and very low pour point. Further advantageous properties of the insulating oil are that it is odorless, practically unsaponifiable, stable against hydrolysis, is practically immiscible with water and not hygroscopic. Because of its high gas resistance, the fraction of diphenylalkanes to be used according to the invention is particularly suitable as an insulating oil for high-performance capacitors and for cables, and it can also be used advantageously as a switch oil.
  • the fraction of the diphenylalkanes can be used as such directly as an insulating oil or else in a mixture with a content of up to 50% by weight of dialkylbenzenes with a chain length of the alkyl group of 8 to 17, preferably 10 to 14, carbon atoms.
  • dialkylbenzenes are known as commercial products. The result is a mixture with the following chemical and physical properties:
  • This mixture is an insulating oil with the following electrical properties:
  • the mixture of dialkylbenzenes and diphenylalkanes is also an excellent insulating oil, especially for high-performance capacitors, cables and switches.
  • an antioxidant such as 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Organic Insulating Materials (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)

Abstract

Use of diphenylalkanes as insulating oil for electrical medium- and high-voltage plants.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft Isolieröle für elektrische Mittel- und Hochspannungseinrichtungen.The invention relates to insulating oils for medium and high voltage electrical devices.

Die Isolieröle werden bekanntlich zur Elektroisolation von elektrischen Transformatoren, Schaltern, Kabeln und Kondensatoren, die im Mittel- und Hochspannungsbereich betrieben werden, eingesetzt.The insulating oils are known to be used for the electrical insulation of electrical transformers, switches, cables and capacitors which are operated in the medium and high voltage range.

Wie Ullmanns Encyklopädie der technischen Chemie, 4. Aufl., Band 20, Seite 607 bis 612, beschreibt, finden beispielsweise bestimmte Mineralölfraktionen Verwendung als Isolieröle in Mittel- und Hochspannungseinrichtungen.As Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 4th Edition, Volume 20, pages 607 to 612 describes, certain mineral oil fractions are used, for example, as insulating oils in medium and high voltage installations.

Aufgrund ihrer hohen Dielektrizitätskonstanten sowie ihres hohen Flammpunktes sind vielfach halogenierte, insbesondere chlorierte Diphenyle als Isolieröle für elektrische Mittel- und Hochspannungseinrichtung gut geeignet. Der Einsatz dieser Isolieröle hat jedoch gezeigt, daß aus ihnen bei stillen elektrischen Entladungen Halogenwasserstoff freigesetzt werden kann, der sowohl die elektrische Mittel- bzw. Hochspannungseinrichtung als auch die Umwelt zu schädigen vermag. Weiterhin können die halogenierten Diphenyle aufgrund ihrer relativ hohen° Viskosität und ihrer geringen Fließfähigkeit bei niedrigen Temperaturen in zahlreichen Anwendungsmöglichkeiten nicht eingesetzt werden.Due to their high dielectric constants and their high flash point, halogenated, in particular chlorinated, diphenyls are often suitable as insulating oils for medium and high voltage electrical equipment. The use of these insulating oils has shown, however, that hydrogen halide can be released from them during silent electrical discharges, which can damage both the medium and high voltage electrical equipment and the environment. Furthermore, the halogenated diphenyls cannot be used in numerous possible applications because of their relatively high viscosity and their low flowability at low temperatures.

Als Isolieröle für Kabel werden auch Alkylbenzole mit 9 bis 16 C-Atomen in den Alkylgruppen. gegebenenfalls im Gemisch mit Mineralöl, eingesetzt.Alkylbenzenes with 9 to 16 carbon atoms in the alkyl groups are also used as insulating oils for cables. optionally in a mixture with mineral oil.

Weiterhin sind als Kondensator-Isolieröle auch Dicarbonsäureester und Polysiloxane bzw. deren fluorierte Derivate bekannt. Diese müssen jedoch erst in aufwendigen Syntheseverfahren erzeugt werden.Furthermore, dicarboxylic acid esters and polysiloxanes or their fluorinated derivatives are also known as capacitor insulating oils. However, these first have to be generated in complex synthetic processes.

Die JP-PS 74 19 084 beschreibt die Verwendung des bei der Herstellung von Alkylbenzol anfallenden Schweralkylats, das aus Alkylbenolen und Diphenylalkanen besteht, als Isolieröl für Transformatoren. Nach dieser Patentschrift wird als Isolieröl die Fraktion des Schweralkylats verwendet, die bei einem Druck von 20 mbar bei einer Temperatur von über 260°C siedet. Diese Fraktion eignet sich jedoch weniger gut als Isolieröl für Kondensatoren und Kabel.JP-PS 74 19 084 describes the use of the heavy alkylate obtained in the production of alkylbenzene, which consists of alkylbenols and diphenylalkanes, as an insulating oil for transformers. According to this patent, the fraction of heavy alkylate is used as the insulating oil, which boils at a pressure of 20 mbar at a temperature of over 260 ° C. However, this fraction is less suitable as an insulating oil for capacitors and cables.

Daraus ergibt sich die Aufgabe, ein Isolieröl zu finden, das aufgrund seiner physikalischen und chemischen Eigenschaften als Isolieröl für Kabel und Kondensatoren besonders gut geeignet ist.This gives rise to the task of finding an insulating oil which, because of its physical and chemical properties, is particularly suitable as an insulating oil for cables and capacitors.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß mit der Verwendung der Diphenylalkane nach Anspruch 1 gelost.This object is achieved with the use of the diphenylalkanes according to claim 1.

Es wurde überraschend gefunden, daB die Fraktion der Diphenylalkane aus dem bei der Produktion von linearen Alkylbenzolen anfallenden Schweralkylat, die bei einem Druck von 20 mbar bei einer Temperatur von 230 bis 260°C siedet, als Isolieröl für elektrische Mittel- und Hochspannungseinrichtungen besonders gut geeignet ist.It was surprisingly found that the fraction of the diphenylalkanes from the heavy alkylate obtained in the production of linear alkylbenzenes, which boils at a pressure of 20 mbar at a temperature of 230 to 260 ° C, is particularly well suited as an insulating oil for medium and high voltage electrical equipment is.

Bei der technischen Synthese linearer Alkylbenzole reichern sich im Destillatsrückstand Dialkylbenzole und Diphenylalkane an. Aus diesem Destillationsrückstand wird durch fraktionierte Destillation bei einem Druck von etwa 20 mbar und bei einer Temperatur von 230 bis 260°C das gewünschte Gemisch der Diphenylalkane mit einer Kettenlänge der linearen Alkylgruppe von 8 bis 17 C-Atomen erhalten (vgl. J. Schulze und H. Weiser. Chem. Industrie. Bd. 36. S. 752 (1984).In the technical synthesis of linear alkylbenzenes, dialkylbenzenes and diphenylalkanes accumulate in the distillate residue. From this distillation residue, the desired mixture of diphenylalkanes with a chain length of the linear alkyl group of 8 to 17 carbon atoms is obtained by fractional distillation at a pressure of about 20 mbar and at a temperature of 230 to 260 ° C (cf. J. Schulze and H. Weiser, Chem. Industrie, vol. 36, p. 752 (1984).

Demgemäß betrifft die Erfindung die Verwendung von Diphenylalkanen der Formel I

Figure imgb0001

worin R1 und R2 gleiche oder verschiedene lineare Alkylreste mit insgesamt 6 bis 15 C-Atomen bedeuten mit einem Stockpunkt von <-55°C und einem Flammpunkt von >200°C, als Isolieröl für elektrische Mittel- und Hochspannungseinrichtungen.Accordingly, the invention relates to the use of diphenylalkanes of the formula I.
Figure imgb0001
wherein R 1 and R 2 mean the same or different linear alkyl radicals with a total of 6 to 15 carbon atoms with a pour point of <-55 ° C and a flash point of> 200 ° C, as an insulating oil for electrical medium and high voltage devices.

Insbesondere betrifft die Erfindung die Verwendung von Diphenylalkanen gemäß Anspruch 1 der Formel II

Figure imgb0002

in der x, y und z die Zahlen 0 bis 11 und die Summe x+y+z 2 bis 11 betragen.In particular, the invention relates to the use of diphenylalkanes according to claim 1 of formula II
Figure imgb0002
in which x, y and z are the numbers 0 to 11 and the sum x + y + z is 2 to 11.

Die im folgenden angegebenen physikalischen und chemischen Daten belegen die besonderen Eigenschaften der Diphenylalkanfraktion, die erfindungsgemäß als Isolieröl verwendet wird:The physical and chemical data given below demonstrate the special properties of the diphenylalkane fraction which is used according to the invention as an insulating oil:

Figure imgb0003
Figure imgb0003

Alterungsbeständigkeit nach Baader (140 h/110°C, inhibiertes Öl):

Figure imgb0004

Diese chemischen und physikalischen Eigenschaften bedingen die besonders vorteilhaften elektrischen Eigenschaften des Isolieröls der Erfindung:Aging resistance according to Baader (140 h / 110 ° C, inhibited oil):
Figure imgb0004
These chemical and physical properties determine the particularly advantageous electrical properties of the insulating oil of the invention:

Durchschlagspannung nach Trocknung (DIN 57 370) >80 kV

Figure imgb0005

Dielektrischer Verlustfaktor
Figure imgb0006
 Breakdown voltage after drying (DIN 57 370)> 80 kV
Figure imgb0005
Dielectric loss factor
Figure imgb0006

Der Vorteil der Verwendung der Diphenylalkane als Isolieröl liegt in deren besonders günstigen Eigenschaften, wie dem hohen flammpunkt bei gleichzeitig hoher Dielektrizitätskonstante, geringer Viskosität und sehr niedrigem Stockpunkt begründet. Weitere vorteilhafte Eigenschaften des Isolieröls sind, daß es geruchlos, praktisch unverseifbar, gegen hydrol lytische Einflüsse stabil, mit Wasser praktisch nicht mischbar und nicht hygroskopisch ist. Aufgrund ihrer hohen Gasfestigkeit eignet sich die erfindungsgemäß zu verwendende Fraktion der Diphenylalkane besonders als Isolieröl für Hochleistungskondensatoren sowie für Kabel, sie ist auch vorteilhaft als Schalteröl verwendbar.The advantage of using diphenylalkanes as insulating oil lies in their particularly favorable properties, such as the high flash point combined with a high dielectric constant, low viscosity and very low pour point. Further advantageous properties of the insulating oil are that it is odorless, practically unsaponifiable, stable against hydrolysis, is practically immiscible with water and not hygroscopic. Because of its high gas resistance, the fraction of diphenylalkanes to be used according to the invention is particularly suitable as an insulating oil for high-performance capacitors and for cables, and it can also be used advantageously as a switch oil.

Die Fraktion der Diphenylalkane kann erfindungsgemäß als solche direkt als Isolieröl eingesetzt werden oder auch im Gemisch mit einem Gehalt bis zu 50 Gew.% an Dialkylbenzolen einer Kettenlänge der Alkylgruppe von 8 bis 17, vorzugsweise 10 bis 14 Kohlenstoff-Atomen. Derartige Dialkylbenzole sind als Handelsprodukte bekannt. Es ergibt sich daraus ein Gemisch mit folgenden chemischen und physikalischen Eigenschaften:

Figure imgb0007
According to the invention, the fraction of the diphenylalkanes can be used as such directly as an insulating oil or else in a mixture with a content of up to 50% by weight of dialkylbenzenes with a chain length of the alkyl group of 8 to 17, preferably 10 to 14, carbon atoms. Such dialkylbenzenes are known as commercial products. The result is a mixture with the following chemical and physical properties:
Figure imgb0007

Alterungsbeständigkeit nach Baader (140 h/118°C, inhibiertes Öl):

Figure imgb0008
Aging resistance according to Baader (140 h / 118 ° C, inhibited oil):
Figure imgb0008

Dieses Gemisch stellt ein Isolieröl mit folgenden elektrischen Eigenschaften dar:This mixture is an insulating oil with the following electrical properties:

Durchschlagspannung nach Trocknung (DIN 57 370) >80 kV

Figure imgb0009

Dielektrischer Verlustfaktor
Figure imgb0010
 Breakdown voltage after drying (DIN 57 370)> 80 kV
Figure imgb0009
Dielectric loss factor
Figure imgb0010

Auch das Gemisch aus Dialkylbenzolen und Diphenylalkanen stellt ein hervorragendes Isolieröl, insbesondere für Hochleistungskondensatoren, Kabel und Schalter dar.The mixture of dialkylbenzenes and diphenylalkanes is also an excellent insulating oil, especially for high-performance capacitors, cables and switches.

Zur Erhöhung der Langzeit-Beständigkeit hat es sich bewährt, dem Isolieröl ein Antioxidans, wie zum Beispiel 2.6-Di-tert.-butyl-4-methyl-phenol, in praxisüblichen Mengen von 0,1 bis 3 % bezogen auf das Isolieröl zuzusetzen.To increase the long-term resistance, it has proven useful to add an antioxidant, such as 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol, to the insulating oil in practical amounts of 0.1 to 3%, based on the insulating oil.

Claims (8)

1. Verwendung von Diphenylalkanen der Formel I
Figure imgb0011
worin R1 und R2 gleiche oder verschiedene lineare Alkylreste mit insgesamt 6 bis 15 C-Atomen bedeuten mit einem Stockpunkt von <-55°C und einem Flammpunkt von >200°C, als Isolieröl für elektrische Mittel-und Hochspannungseinrichtungen.1. Use of diphenylalkanes of the formula I.
Figure imgb0011
wherein R 1 and R 2 mean identical or different linear alkyl radicals with a total of 6 to 15 carbon atoms with a pour point of <-55 ° C and a flash point of> 200 ° C, as an insulating oil for electrical medium and high voltage devices. 2. Verwendung von Diphenylalkanen der gemäß Anspruch 1 der Formel II
Figure imgb0012
in der x, y und z die Zahlen 0 bis 11 und die Summe x+y+z 2 bis 11 betragen.2. Use of diphenylalkanes according to claim 1 of formula II
Figure imgb0012
in which x, y and z are the numbers 0 to 11 and the sum x + y + z is 2 to 11. 3. Verwendung von Diphenylalkanen gemäß Anspruch 1 zusammen mit Mono-und/oder Dialkylbenzolen mit 8 bis 17 C-Atomen in der linaren Alkylkette in Mengen bis zu 50 Gew.Z, bezogen auf die Gesamtmenge an Isolieröl als Isolieröl für elektrische Mittel- und Hochspannungseinrichtungen.3. Use of diphenylalkanes according to claim 1 together with mono- and / or dialkylbenzenes having 8 to 17 carbon atoms in the linear alkyl chain in amounts of up to 50% by weight, based on the total amount of insulating oil as insulating oil for medium and high voltage electrical devices . 4. Verwendung von Diphenylalkanen gemäß Ansprüchen 1 und 2 als Isoliermittel für Mittel- und Hochspannungskabel.4. Use of diphenylalkanes according to claims 1 and 2 as an insulating agent for medium and high voltage cables. 5. Verwendung von Diphenylalkanen gemäß Ansprüchen 1 und 2 als Isoliermittel für Mittel- und Hochspannungskondensatoren.5. Use of diphenylalkanes according to claims 1 and 2 as an insulating agent for medium and high voltage capacitors. 6. Verwendung von Diphenylalkanen gemäß Ansprüchen 1 und 2 als Isoliermittel für Mittel und Hochspannungsschalter.6. Use of diphenylalkanes according to claims 1 and 2 as an insulating agent for medium and high voltage switches. 7. Verwendung von Diphenylalkanen gemäß Ansprüchen 1 und 2 zusammen mit 0,1 bis 3 Gew.X bezogen auf die Diphenylalkane eines Antioxidans.7. Use of diphenylalkanes according to claims 1 and 2 together with 0.1 to 3 Gew.X based on the diphenylalkanes of an antioxidant. 8. Verfahren zur Herstellung von Diphenylalkanen zur Verwendung gemäß Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man die Diphenylalkane durch Destillation bei einer Temperatur von 230 bis 260°C und einem Druck von etwa 20 mbar aus dem bei der Produktion von linearen Alkylbenzolen anfallenden Schweralkylat gewinnt.8. A process for the preparation of diphenylalkanes for use according to claim 1, characterized in that the diphenylalkanes are obtained by distillation at a temperature of 230 to 260 ° C and a pressure of about 20 mbar from the heavy alkylate obtained in the production of linear alkylbenzenes.
EP19850111026 1984-09-06 1985-09-02 Insulating oil for electrical medium or high voltage plants Withdrawn EP0176782A2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3432746 1984-09-06
DE19843432746 DE3432746A1 (en) 1984-09-06 1984-09-06 INSULATING OIL FOR ELECTRICAL MEDIUM AND HIGH VOLTAGE DEVICES

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EP0176782A2 true EP0176782A2 (en) 1986-04-09

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JP (1) JPS61165906A (en)
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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2811488A4 (en) * 2012-02-03 2016-04-06 Jx Nippon Oil & Energy Corp Electrically insulating oil composition having excellent performance in wide temperature range

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2211663B (en) * 1987-10-23 1992-03-04 Risho Kogyo Kk Molded capacitor
JP2533287Y2 (en) * 1992-03-06 1997-04-23 須田 道代 Kimono with simple dressing

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE922848C (en) * 1950-07-13 1955-01-27 Karl Dr-Ing Brinkmann Process for the production of cable insulation oils
US3173965A (en) * 1961-06-28 1965-03-16 Exxon Research Engineering Co Aromatic lubricants and their method of preparation
GB1467366A (en) * 1973-11-26 1977-03-16 Continental Oil Co Preparation of synthetic hydrocarbon lubricants
DE2656842A1 (en) * 1975-12-16 1977-06-30 Exxon Research Engineering Co ELECTRIC INSULATING OIL
US4266264A (en) * 1977-06-24 1981-05-05 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Meta isopropyl biphenyl insulated electrical apparatus
CA1135495A (en) * 1978-08-31 1982-11-16 Lyon Mandelcorn Capacitor having dielectric fluid with high di-isopropyl biphenyl content
IT1135418B (en) * 1981-02-11 1986-08-20 Caffaro Spa Ind Chim DIELECTRIC INSULATING FLUID IN PARTICULAR SUITABLE FOR USE IN ELECTRIC CONDENSERS, AND CONDENSER CONTAINING SUCH FLUID

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2811488A4 (en) * 2012-02-03 2016-04-06 Jx Nippon Oil & Energy Corp Electrically insulating oil composition having excellent performance in wide temperature range

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Publication number Publication date
JPS61165906A (en) 1986-07-26
DE3432746A1 (en) 1986-03-13

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