EP0174661B1 - Verfahren zur Herstellung von Papier mit hoher Dichte - Google Patents

Verfahren zur Herstellung von Papier mit hoher Dichte Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0174661B1
EP0174661B1 EP85111573A EP85111573A EP0174661B1 EP 0174661 B1 EP0174661 B1 EP 0174661B1 EP 85111573 A EP85111573 A EP 85111573A EP 85111573 A EP85111573 A EP 85111573A EP 0174661 B1 EP0174661 B1 EP 0174661B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
web
calendering
paper
moisture content
soft
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP85111573A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0174661A3 (en
EP0174661A2 (de
Inventor
Jean-Guy Racine
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
STONE CONTAINER (CANADA) Inc
Original Assignee
STONE CONTAINER (CANADA) Inc
Stone-Consolidated Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=24607031&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=EP0174661(B1) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Application filed by STONE CONTAINER (CANADA) Inc, Stone-Consolidated Inc filed Critical STONE CONTAINER (CANADA) Inc
Priority to AT85111573T priority Critical patent/ATE77109T1/de
Publication of EP0174661A2 publication Critical patent/EP0174661A2/de
Publication of EP0174661A3 publication Critical patent/EP0174661A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0174661B1 publication Critical patent/EP0174661B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21F—PAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
    • D21F5/00—Dryer section of machines for making continuous webs of paper
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21F—PAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
    • D21F11/00—Processes for making continuous lengths of paper, or of cardboard, or of wet web for fibre board production, on paper-making machines
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21G—CALENDERS; ACCESSORIES FOR PAPER-MAKING MACHINES
    • D21G1/00—Calenders; Smoothing apparatus
    • D21G1/0073—Accessories for calenders
    • D21G1/0093—Web conditioning devices

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for producing paper and more particularly, relates to a method to produce a relatively dense high quality paper.
  • the manufacture of paper involves allowing a dilute water suspension of wood pulp fibers to flow onto a travelling open mesh wire screen through which a large portion of the liquid passes. It is also known in the art to flow the dilute water suspension of wood pulp fibers between two such screens. Further moisture is often removed through processing steps such as the application of vacuum and/or by the application of pressure. Thus, one may pass the wet web through nips formed by opposing rolls, i.e.wet pressing. It is also known to further reduce the moisture content of the paper web by passing the web over rotating heated cylinders where, through evaporation, the moisture content may be reduced to a figure of less than 15%.
  • a problem which has recently been encountered in the art is that, with the introduction of high speed printing, a higher quality paper is required.
  • a paper having a higher density along with a relatively low moisture content is a prerequisite for certain types of printing. For example, when printing a sheet in multi-colour, subsequent to the application of a first colour, the printed sheet is passed through a drying step prior to the next colour being applied thereto. Should the moisture of the sheet entering the drying step be too high (e.g. above 8%), the sheet will shrink during the dry step and will not be in registry for application of the next colour.
  • AT-B-221 923 discloses a method for producing a paper web and proposes to reduce the moisture content of the wet paper web to between 50 % to about 45 % to get a sufficient smoothness of the paper web before the paper web is calendered.
  • AT-B-221 923 only describes the production of the wet paper web, however, as regards the further treatment of the wet paper web to obtain the final paper, this document practically says only that the machine disclosed in AT-B-221 923 can be followed by "devices as cooling rolls and a calendering and roll-up plant.” At high moisture contents there is usually applied hard calendering whereas soft calendering is generally only utilized in the low moisture range.
  • An apparatus which can be used for carrying out the method of the invention includes means for preparing a pulp furnish of fibers, means for forming a wet paper web from the furnish, means for removing moisture from the wet paper web to a level of between about 55% to about 15%, means for super-calendering the paper web, while the paper web has a moisture content of between about 55% to about 15%, to increase substantially the density of the web.
  • the paper web is often subjected to a calendering operation wherein the web is passed through successive nips formed between heavy rotating rolls in a calender stack.
  • a calendering step operation comprises passing the paper web between paired rolls, the surface of each being formed of a hard non-resilient material.
  • Super calendering (also referred to as soft calendering) on the other hand, takes place between a pair of rolls wherein the surface of one of the rolls is made of a hard non-resilient material while the surface of the opposed roll is made of a firm resilient material.
  • the calendering operations can take place "in line” with the other steps of the paper-making process - in other words, along with the web forming, pressing and drying steps and is thus referred to as on-machine calendering. If the calendering is not done in line, it is referred to as off-machine calendering. As presently practiced in the paper-making art, super calendering is usually performed off-machine.
  • calendering and/or wet pressing operations or similar type operations are also known in the art.
  • a smoothing press is used immediately before the drying section; the smoothing press consists of two rolls similar to plain press rolls except that no felt is used and the wet web is very lightly pressed between two very hard surfaces. These surfaces are usually made from a metallic or granite material and in some instances, a very hard rubber material has been used. More recently, especially for groundwood paper a calendering operation within the drier section itself is being used.
  • breaker stack calendering
  • This breaker calendering operation is performed utilizing essentially the same equipment as that used for machine calendering - i.e. hard calendering where the surface of the nip rolls are both made of hard non-resilient material. While the main function of breaker calendering is to smooth out the sheet and level out any high spots, low nip pressures have to be used to avoid sheet damage, mottling or blackening, since the moisture content can be high and the web weak.
  • hard calendering may be utilized both within the drier section and subsequent to the drying step.
  • breaker calendering utilizes only very low nip pressures while machine calendering (hard calendering) is utilized with moistures below 15%, and low to high nip pressures.
  • Super calendering is generally only utilized in the low moisture range, usually off-machine.
  • Other types of calendering such as gloss calendering or similar "finishing" operations, in which a substantial reduction in thickness/caliper or substantial increases in density are not effected (because of various problems e.g. "glossy"/mottle surfaces, etc.) also employ soft calendering techniques, at moisture below 15%.
  • US-A-3 124 504 does not give data to support the disclosed process and inquiries indicate that there has been no commercial success with this process. This lack of commercial success is supported by US-A-3 759 785 where a soft calendering process could only be applied to an uncoated paper (newsprint) in a moisture range of up to 12 to 15% (lines 23-25, col. 8).
  • the present invention utilizes a wet paper web which has a moisture content of between about 55% to about 15%.
  • This wet paper web may be furnished by conventional means - as in conventional paper-making operations, a dilute water suspension of the pulp fibers may be caused to flow onto a travelling open mesh wire screen to permit removal of a substantial portion of the water through the screen. Further water may be removed by conventional steps such as the application of vacuum or the use of press rolls or other steps to partially dry the web to the desired moisture content. If desired, the web may be additionally treated to increase its integrity.
  • the web while at a moisture content of between about 55% to about 15% is subject to an on-machine super-calendering operation.
  • the paper web at the desired moisture content, is passed between a pair of rolls, one of which is made of a hard non-resilient material such as a metallic material and an opposed roll made of a firm resilient material. While the materials of which the rolls may be formed are known in the art and the terms "soft" and/or "super” calendering are well known to those knowledgeable in the art, more specific aspects are discussed below.
  • the paper web may be subjected to the super calendering step while having a moisture conent of between about 55% to about 15%. While the patentee has found that his invention works within the moisture range of about 55% to about 15%, the low moisture limit is really that limit beyond which the prior art itself found it could not work effectively without sheet blackening taking place.
  • the higher moisture level was found to be that level where no further moisture could be extracted by the usual wet pressing operations; furthermore, depending on prior compacting/drying steps, it was found to be the point where the integrity/strength of the web was sufficient for it to withstand a soft-calendering operation/step. This moisture level was also found to be largely dependent on the nature of the web furnish. While web adhesion to the rolls can be severe at these high moistures, release agents/surfaces can be used effectively to counteract this, otherwise it, too, can determine the high moisture limit.
  • the super calendering be done while the moisture content of the paper web is between about 20% to about 40%.
  • the optimum specific moisture content for any particular paper web will, however, depend on many variables or parameters. Thus, one must take into account factors such as the machine speed, the nip pressure load, the roll diameter, the number of nips through which the web is passed, the calendering temperature, the type of furnish used for the web itself, the nature and hardness of the surface of the resilient roll, etc.
  • the temperature of the web entering the nip will also depend on other factors. Thus, one could utilize steam showers to increase the moisture and temperature of the web up to near the boiling point of water and by utilizing a compartmental steam box and varying the steam at various locations, one could control the nip pressure profile of the super calendering operation.
  • one limiting factor for the calendering temperature would be the type of material utilized to create the firm resilient roll surface for the super calendering step. When elastomeric materials are used, too high a temperature would deleteriously affect the roll surface/bonding between the elastomer and the metallic core. Also, too high a temperature might tend to dry out the sheet while it is being processed.
  • the patentee found he could control the overall soft calendering temperature.
  • the patentee found that by using higher calendering temperatures, he was able to decrease the nip pressure intensity/charge for a given compacting action or conversely obtain greater compacting for a given nip charge, all in the interest of a higher quality sheet.
  • FIGURES 1, 2 and 3 are graphs showing the relationship between accumulated applied nip pressure charge versus sheet density according to various embodiments.
  • a commercially produced newsprint web was subjected to a super calendering step on pilot plant machinery.
  • the web had an initial moisture content of 9%; the paper web was subjected to a plurality of passes through nips with varying nip pressures as are set forth in Table 1 and plotted in Figure 1 (curve A).
  • curve A A sample of the paper web was tested for various properties as set forth hereinbelow.
  • the moist paper web was again taken from a commercial paper machine at the breaker stack location with the same moisture content as the sample for Table 2.
  • the sample was subjected to a soft calendering operation at a moisture content of between 22 - 23%, air dried to approximately 9 - 10% moisture and then subjected to a further soft calendering operation.
  • the results are given below in Table 3 and plotted in Figure 2.
  • a further test embodiment was run similar to that of examples 2 and 3 again utilizing a web of newsprint from a commercial paper machine at the breaker stack location.
  • the paper web was subjected to an initial soft calendering operation at a moisture content of 22 - 23%, air dried to around 9 - 10% and then subjected to a final hard calendering at the reduced moisture level.
  • the results are shown in Table 4 below and plotted in Figure 3.
  • curva A indicates how the density of the web increases as the web is subjected to prior process of off-machine super calendering at a low moisture content - approximately 9%.
  • Curve B shows the increasing density of the web as it is subjected to the process of the present invention - on-machine soft calendering at a higher moisture content (25-30%). In comparing curves A and B, it is evident that one can obtain a higher density web more readily with the same "accumulated nip charge" using the practice of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 and Table 3 illustrates that one is able to obtain a sheet with super quality roto grade equivalent through the practice of the present invention combined with super calendering subsequent to the steps of breaker stack super calendering and air drying. In this process the density was increased about 80%.
  • Figure 3 and Table 4 illustrates that one can obtain a good quality roto sheet with the combination of super calendering at a higher moisture, air drying, and then hard calendering with several light nips.
  • the use of the super calendering at higher moistures reduces substantially the number of nips/the magnitude of nip pressure that is required for the final calendering of the sheet. Since calendering, especially hard calendering, can be a damaging and expensive operation, this is extremely useful.

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  • Paper (AREA)

Claims (8)

  1. Verfahren zur Herstellung von Papier, wobei das Verfahren die Schritte des
    (1) Herstellens eines Pulpeintrags von Fasern,
    (2) Ausbildens einer nassen Papierbahn aus diesem Ein trag,
    (3) Entfernens von Feuchtigkeit aus der nassen Papierbahn, um den Feuchtigkeitsgehalt derselben auf zwischen etwa 55 % bis etwa 15 % zu reduzieren,
    (4) Weichkalandrierens der Bahn, um die Papierdichte wesentlich zu erhöhen, während sie auf diesem Feuchtigkeitsgehalt von zwischen etwa 55 % bis etwa 15 % ist, und nachfolgenden Behandelns der Bahn, um weiter deren Feuchtigkeitsgehalt zu reduzieren, so daß dadurch ein Hochqualitätspapier erzeugt wird, das für Mehrfarbendruck geeignet ist,
    umfaßt.
  2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, worin der Schritt des weiteren Behandelns der Bahn den Schritt des Trocknens der Papierbahn und des nachfolgenden weiteren Kalandrierens der Bahn umfaßt.
  3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, worin der Schritt des weiteren Kalandrierens der Bahn den Schritt des Superkalandrierens der Papierbahn, folgend Trocknen, umfaßt.
  4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, worin der Schritt des weiteren Kalandrierens der Papierbahn den Schritt des Hartkalandrierens der Papierbahn umfaßt.
  5. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, worin der Schritt des weiteren Kalandrierens der Papierbahn den Schritt des Weichkalandrierens der Bahn, während sie auf einem Feuchtigkeitsniveau von niedriger als etwa 15 % ist, umfaßt.
  6. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, worin der Schritt des Weichkalandrierens der Papierbahn den Schritt des Weichkalandrierens der Bahn, während sie auf einem Feuchtigkeitsgehalt von zwischen etwa 20 % bis etwa 40 % ist, umfaßt.
  7. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, worin der Schritt des Weichkalandrierens der Bahn on-line an einer Feuchtglättwerkstelle geschieht.
  8. Verfahren nach Anspruch 7, worin der Schritt des nachfolgenden Behandelns der Bahn, um deren Feuchtigkeitsgehalt weiter zu reduzieren, den Schritt des Trocknens der Bahn und des nachfolgenden weiteren Kalandrierens der Bahn umfaßt.
EP85111573A 1984-09-13 1985-09-13 Verfahren zur Herstellung von Papier mit hoher Dichte Expired - Lifetime EP0174661B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT85111573T ATE77109T1 (de) 1984-09-13 1985-09-13 Verfahren zur herstellung von papier mit hoher dichte.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US64998684A 1984-09-13 1984-09-13
US649986 2000-08-29

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0174661A2 EP0174661A2 (de) 1986-03-19
EP0174661A3 EP0174661A3 (en) 1987-01-14
EP0174661B1 true EP0174661B1 (de) 1992-06-10

Family

ID=24607031

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP85111573A Expired - Lifetime EP0174661B1 (de) 1984-09-13 1985-09-13 Verfahren zur Herstellung von Papier mit hoher Dichte

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EP (1) EP0174661B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE77109T1 (de)
CA (1) CA1300412C (de)
DE (1) DE3586190T2 (de)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4973441A (en) * 1989-07-26 1990-11-27 Beloit Corporation Method of manufacturing a compressibility gradient in paper
DE4011394C1 (de) * 1990-04-09 1991-11-28 Sulzer-Escher Wyss Gmbh, 7980 Ravensburg, De
US5425851A (en) * 1991-10-23 1995-06-20 Westvaco Corporation Method for improving the printability of web offset paper
EP3633104B1 (de) * 2018-10-05 2021-03-17 BillerudKorsnäs AB Verfahren zur herstellung von kraft- oder sackpapier

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT221923B (de) * 1957-12-23 1962-06-25 Paul Ing Lippke Maschine zur Herstellung von Faserstoffbahnen

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3096233A (en) * 1956-08-28 1963-07-02 Rappaport Maximiliano Method and equipment for restoring paper paste web in paper making machinery and similar foils in other machines

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT221923B (de) * 1957-12-23 1962-06-25 Paul Ing Lippke Maschine zur Herstellung von Faserstoffbahnen

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0174661A3 (en) 1987-01-14
DE3586190D1 (de) 1992-07-16
EP0174661A2 (de) 1986-03-19
CA1300412C (en) 1992-05-12
ATE77109T1 (de) 1992-06-15
DE3586190T2 (de) 1992-12-03

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