EP0173599A1 - Sonde zum Kühlen nach dem Joule-Thomsoneffekt - Google Patents

Sonde zum Kühlen nach dem Joule-Thomsoneffekt Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP0173599A1
EP0173599A1 EP85401389A EP85401389A EP0173599A1 EP 0173599 A1 EP0173599 A1 EP 0173599A1 EP 85401389 A EP85401389 A EP 85401389A EP 85401389 A EP85401389 A EP 85401389A EP 0173599 A1 EP0173599 A1 EP 0173599A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
gas
orifice
high pressure
joule
expansion
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP85401389A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0173599B1 (de
Inventor
Serge Reale
Dominique Mingret
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Air Liquide SA
LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
Original Assignee
Air Liquide SA
LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Air Liquide SA, LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude filed Critical Air Liquide SA
Publication of EP0173599A1 publication Critical patent/EP0173599A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0173599B1 publication Critical patent/EP0173599B1/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
    • F25B9/02—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point using Joule-Thompson effect; using vortex effect
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2309/00—Gas cycle refrigeration machines
    • F25B2309/02—Gas cycle refrigeration machines using the Joule-Thompson effect
    • F25B2309/023—Gas cycle refrigeration machines using the Joule-Thompson effect with two stage expansion

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the Joule-Thomson gas expansion cooling technique. It applies in particular to the cooling of infrared detectors.
  • the object of the invention is to enable temperatures of less than 90 K to be obtained in extremely short times.
  • the subject of the invention is a Joule-Thanson expansion cooling method, characterized in that: a first gas is expanded in a first enclosure containing a relatively strong first component with a Joule-Thanson effect, and uses this first expanded gas to precool against the current, in a relatively high pressure drop circuit, a second gas containing a second component with Joule-Thomson effect relatively weak but more volatile than said first component; and said second gas is expanded in a second enclosure, then it is allowed to escape along a path with relatively low pressure drop.
  • the second gas is independent of the first.
  • the first gas is argon while the second gas is nitrogen.
  • the second gas consists of part of the first expanded gas.
  • the first and second gases preferably consist of an argon-nitrogen mixture.
  • the invention also relates to a cooling probe intended in particular for the first mode of implementation of the method as defined above.
  • This probe of the type comprising two separate high pressure circuits and two separate low pressure circuits each leading to an exhaust port, is characterized in that the first low pressure circuit is a relatively high pressure drop circuit arranged in relation to heat exchange with the two high pressure circuits, while the second low pressure circuit is a relatively low pressure drop circuit practically free of any obstacle up to its exhaust port.
  • the cooling probe according to the invention of the type comprising two concentric tubular casings each provided with an exhaust orifice and an end wall; a mandrel disposed in the inner casing; a heat exchange coil wound on the mandrel, intended to be connected to a source of a first gas under high pressure and terminating in a first expansion orifice situated in the interior envelope; and means for supplying the space separating the two envelopes with a second gas through a second expansion orifice, is characterized in that said space is practically free from any obstacle vis-à-vis the flow of the second gas up to 'to the exhaust port of the outer casing.
  • Such a probe may comprise two coils, the second coil being intended to be connected to a source of said second gas under high pressure and ending in a section which crosses the end wall of the inner envelope and has at its end said second trigger port.
  • it may include a single coil in the latter case, it is advantageous that said second expansion orifice is drilled in the end wall of the inner envelope.
  • the cooling probe represented in FIG. 1 essentially comprises two concentric tabular envelopes 1 and 2 and a coaxial mandrel 3, of axis X-X assumed to be vertical, and two finned coils 4 and 5.
  • the two coils 4 and 5 each have an inlet end, 6 and 7 respectively, intended to be connected respectively to a capacity 8 for storing argon under a high pressure, for example greater than 500 bars and to a capacity 9 for storage nitrogen under high pressure, for example of the order of 150 to 200 bars.
  • argon is a gas with a strong Joule-Thanson effect, and therefore with high refrigeration power for a given flow and expansion, while nitrogen has a Joule-Thomson effect significantly weaker but is much more volatile.
  • the two coils are wound together in a helix on the mandrel 3, the wound parts being represented diagrammatically by a hatched area 10.
  • the inner casing 1 is threaded without play on this winding, a helical wire ensuring sealing as is well known in the art.
  • This envelope 1 has at its upper end an exhaust orifice 11 which opens onto the surrounding atmosphere, and at its lower end a horizontal bottom 12.
  • the outer casing 2 surrounds the casing 1 with a significant radial clearance and is closed at its upper end. Near the latter, it has an exhaust orifice 13 which opens onto the surrounding atmosphere, and it is closed at its lower end by a horizontal bottom 14 on which can be fixed an object 15 to be refrigerated, for example a detector at infrared.
  • the coil 4 ends, at its lower end, with a calibrated expansion orifice 16, of very small diameter (for example of the order of 0.1 mm) located in the casing 1, slightly below the lower end of the mandrel 3.
  • the coil 5 is extended by a lower end section 17 which crosses the bottom 12 with a watertight seal and ends with a calibrated expansion orifice 18 similar to the orifice 16 but of smaller diameter (by example of the order of 0.05 nm) and located between the bottoms 12 and 14 of the two envelopes.
  • the argon relaxes with the passage of the orifice 16 and rises in a very sinuous path, and therefore with a high pressure drop, by following the turns of the double coil 10, and escapes to the atmosphere through the orifice 11
  • the expanded argon precooled on the one hand the argon under high pressure and on the other hand the nitrogen under high pressure; the temperature of these two gases thus drops until liquid argon is obtained on the bottom 12; the temperature at this location is then the boiling temperature of the argon at the average pressure prevailing in the lower part of the casing 1.
  • the high pressure nitrogen thus precooled arrives at the orifice 18 and expands therein, and liquid nitrogen is formed on the bottom 14.
  • the expanded nitrogen gas rises through the annular space, free of any obstacle to the flow, existing between envelopes 1 and 2, and escapes to the atmosphere through the orifice 13.
  • the pressure drop in this low pressure circuit being very low, the pressure prevailing in the lower part of the casing 2 is close to atmospheric pressure.
  • a power circuit operating with argon was produced in the cooling probe, having as characteristics an excellent heat transfer (at the cost of a high pressure drop) and a high cooling capacity, and on the other hand an advanced cooling circuit having the characteristics of poor heat exchange performance (between the expanded nitrogen and the two high pressure gases) and a low cooling capacity (due to the Joule effect -Thomson relatively low nitrogen and low flow of this gas), but a very low pressure drop; this gives both a very low temperature and a very short cooling time.
  • the volume of the storage capacities 8 and 9 of the two gases conditions the duration of operation of the probe.
  • the cooling probe shown in Figure 2 is generally similar to that of Figure 1. It differs in that the coil 5 is removed and that the bottom 12 of the inner casing 1 is provided with a calibrated orifice 18A of relaxation similar to orifice 18 of FIG. 1.
  • the inlet 6 of the single coil 4 is connected to a capacity 8A for storing an argon-nitrogen mixture under a high pressure, for example greater than 500 bars.
  • This gas expands through the orifice 16, and part of the expanded gas rises in a very sinuous path along the turns of the coil 10A winding, pre-cooling the high pressure gas, and escapes to the atmosphere by l orifice 11.
  • the dew temperature of the mixture at medium pressure prevailing in the lower part of the envelope 1 is thus obtained after a certain time on the bottom 12.
  • FIG. 2 is more economical than that of FIG. 1, but, on the other hand, the performances obtained are less good: the presence of nitrogen in the mixture decreases the cooling power of precooling, and the presence of argon in the mixture expanded by orifice 18A raises the dew point.
  • the probe in Figure 2 is more suitable for applications where it is desired to obtain a temperature slightly lower than previously, for example of the order of 90 K.
  • argon can be replaced by another gas with a strong Joule-Thomson effect, for example by "Freon 14" or methane.
  • this other gas can be used in a first phase and then be replaced by argon, the boiling point of which is lower.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
  • Radiation Pyrometers (AREA)
EP19850401389 1984-07-25 1985-07-09 Sonde zum Kühlen nach dem Joule-Thomsoneffekt Expired EP0173599B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8411774 1984-07-25
FR8411774A FR2568357B1 (fr) 1984-07-25 1984-07-25 Procede et sonde de refroidissement par effet joule-thomson

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0173599A1 true EP0173599A1 (de) 1986-03-05
EP0173599B1 EP0173599B1 (de) 1988-08-31

Family

ID=9306470

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19850401389 Expired EP0173599B1 (de) 1984-07-25 1985-07-09 Sonde zum Kühlen nach dem Joule-Thomsoneffekt

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0173599B1 (de)
DE (1) DE3564735D1 (de)
FR (1) FR2568357B1 (de)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1995013025A2 (en) * 1993-11-09 1995-05-18 Spembly Medical Limited Cryosurgical probe
EP0925045A1 (de) * 1996-07-23 1999-06-30 Endocare, Inc. Kryosonde
CN113566469A (zh) * 2021-07-30 2021-10-29 安徽万瑞冷电科技有限公司 一种液氮辅助降温的大冷量制冷机及制冷方法

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3941314A1 (de) * 1989-12-14 1991-06-20 Bodenseewerk Geraetetech Kuehlvorrichtung
EP2444769A1 (de) * 2010-10-18 2012-04-25 Kryoz Technologies B.V. Mikrokühlvorrichtung

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2909908A (en) * 1956-11-06 1959-10-27 Little Inc A Miniature refrigeration device
US2991633A (en) * 1958-03-17 1961-07-11 Itt Joule-thomson effect cooling system
US3095711A (en) * 1962-01-31 1963-07-02 Jr Howard P Wurtz Double cryostat
FR1465656A (fr) * 1965-12-02 1967-01-13 Electronique & Physique Refroidisseur à détente de gaz
US3415078A (en) * 1967-07-31 1968-12-10 Gen Dynamics Corp Infrared detector cooler
US3422632A (en) * 1966-06-03 1969-01-21 Air Prod & Chem Cryogenic refrigeration system
DE1466790B1 (de) * 1964-12-18 1971-01-21 Cvi Corp Medizinische Sonde zur kaeltechirurgischen Behandlung
US3714796A (en) * 1970-07-30 1973-02-06 Air Prod & Chem Cryogenic refrigeration system with dual circuit heat exchanger
US3782129A (en) * 1972-10-24 1974-01-01 Gen Dynamics Corp Proportionate flow cryostat

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2909908A (en) * 1956-11-06 1959-10-27 Little Inc A Miniature refrigeration device
US2991633A (en) * 1958-03-17 1961-07-11 Itt Joule-thomson effect cooling system
US3095711A (en) * 1962-01-31 1963-07-02 Jr Howard P Wurtz Double cryostat
DE1466790B1 (de) * 1964-12-18 1971-01-21 Cvi Corp Medizinische Sonde zur kaeltechirurgischen Behandlung
FR1465656A (fr) * 1965-12-02 1967-01-13 Electronique & Physique Refroidisseur à détente de gaz
US3422632A (en) * 1966-06-03 1969-01-21 Air Prod & Chem Cryogenic refrigeration system
US3415078A (en) * 1967-07-31 1968-12-10 Gen Dynamics Corp Infrared detector cooler
US3714796A (en) * 1970-07-30 1973-02-06 Air Prod & Chem Cryogenic refrigeration system with dual circuit heat exchanger
US3782129A (en) * 1972-10-24 1974-01-01 Gen Dynamics Corp Proportionate flow cryostat

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1995013025A2 (en) * 1993-11-09 1995-05-18 Spembly Medical Limited Cryosurgical probe
WO1995013025A3 (en) * 1993-11-09 1995-07-13 Spembly Medical Ltd Cryosurgical probe
US5759182A (en) * 1993-11-09 1998-06-02 Spembly Medical Limited Cryosurgical probe with pre-cooling feature
EP0857464A1 (de) * 1993-11-09 1998-08-12 Spembly Medical Limited Kryochirurgische Sonde
EP0925045A1 (de) * 1996-07-23 1999-06-30 Endocare, Inc. Kryosonde
EP0925045A4 (de) * 1996-07-23 1999-09-15 Endocare Inc Kryosonde
CN113566469A (zh) * 2021-07-30 2021-10-29 安徽万瑞冷电科技有限公司 一种液氮辅助降温的大冷量制冷机及制冷方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3564735D1 (en) 1988-10-06
FR2568357B1 (fr) 1987-01-30
FR2568357A1 (fr) 1986-01-31
EP0173599B1 (de) 1988-08-31

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP0173599B1 (de) Sonde zum Kühlen nach dem Joule-Thomsoneffekt
CA2359409A1 (fr) Dispositif de stockage de gaz sous pression
EP0388277B1 (de) Joule-Thomson-Kühlvorrichtung
EP0216655B1 (de) Kalte Falle zum Eliminieren der Verunreinigungen aus einem flüssigen Metall
FR3052245B1 (fr) Dispositif cryogenique a echangeur compact
FR2523303A1 (fr) Cellule thermometrique unitaire scellee reunissant differents points fixes
CA2055809C (fr) Procede de refroidissement d'une amenee de courant pour appareillage electrique a tres basse temperature et dispositif pour sa mise en oeuvre
FR2914050A1 (fr) Refrigerateur a basse ou tres basse temperature et procede de refrigeration
FR2568385A1 (fr) Regulateur de refroidisseur a effet joule-thomson
EP0258093B1 (de) Joule-Thomson-Kühler und mit diesem Kühler versehener Kryostat
FR2598206A1 (fr) Refroidisseur joule-thomson.
EP0177416B1 (de) Kryostatische Vorrichtung für Strahlungsdetektoren
FR2709808A1 (fr) Réservoir de stockage de gaz sous haute pression et installation de stockage et de fourniture de gaz sous haute pression.
FR2637728A1 (fr) Amenee de courant cryogenique a faibles pertes
EP0305257B1 (de) Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Kryokühlung eines Objekts
EP0286462B1 (de) Miniatur-Kühler mit Joule-Thomson-Entspannung und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung
WO1995002158A1 (fr) Procede d'obtention de tres basses temperatures
EP0338920A2 (de) Joule-Thomson-Kühler mit einem Wärmetauscher aus poröser Masse
EP1295074A1 (de) Vorrichtung zur thermischen stabilisierung eines zu kühlenden objektes
FR2599128A1 (fr) Procede d'alimentation d'un refroidisseur joule-thomson et appareil de refroidissement pour sa mise en oeuvre
EP0950274B1 (de) Gaslaservorrichtung und integrierte mittel zur gasreinigung
FR2659805A1 (fr) Limiteur de courant a bobine supraconductrice.
FR2590357A1 (fr) Dispositif refroidisseur a detente joule-thomson et son application aux photodetecteurs
FR2557810A1 (fr) Procede non polluant pour eliminer les traces d'impuretes contenues dans les gaz rares portes a haute temperature
EP0174234A1 (de) Koaxiale Leitung für kryogene Vorrichtung

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 19850712

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): DE FR GB

17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 19861201

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): DE FR GB

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 3564735

Country of ref document: DE

Date of ref document: 19881006

GBT Gb: translation of ep patent filed (gb section 77(6)(a)/1977)
PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

26N No opposition filed
PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Payment date: 20010611

Year of fee payment: 17

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Payment date: 20010615

Year of fee payment: 17

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Payment date: 20010625

Year of fee payment: 17

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: GB

Ref legal event code: IF02

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20020709

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20030201

GBPC Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee

Effective date: 20020709

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20030331

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: ST