EP0170689A1 - Procede d'extraction de substances nocives gazeuses contenues dans des gaz de fumees - Google Patents

Procede d'extraction de substances nocives gazeuses contenues dans des gaz de fumees

Info

Publication number
EP0170689A1
EP0170689A1 EP85901000A EP85901000A EP0170689A1 EP 0170689 A1 EP0170689 A1 EP 0170689A1 EP 85901000 A EP85901000 A EP 85901000A EP 85901000 A EP85901000 A EP 85901000A EP 0170689 A1 EP0170689 A1 EP 0170689A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fly ash
additives
flue gases
flue gas
flue
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP85901000A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Urban Cleve
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hugo Petersen GmbH
Original Assignee
Hugo Petersen GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hugo Petersen GmbH filed Critical Hugo Petersen GmbH
Publication of EP0170689A1 publication Critical patent/EP0170689A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
    • F23J15/006—Layout of treatment plant
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
    • B01D53/48—Sulfur compounds
    • B01D53/50—Sulfur oxides
    • B01D53/508—Sulfur oxides by treating the gases with solids
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
    • B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
    • B01D53/8621—Removing nitrogen compounds
    • B01D53/8625—Nitrogen oxides
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J2215/00—Preventing emissions
    • F23J2215/20—Sulfur; Compounds thereof
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J2215/00—Preventing emissions
    • F23J2215/30—Halogen; Compounds thereof
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J2219/00—Treatment devices
    • F23J2219/30—Sorption devices using carbon, e.g. coke

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a dry process for the multi-stage separation of pollutants contained in flue gases or in other exhaust gases, in particular S0 2 and NO, wherein at the same time all other harmful gases such as fluorine and / or chlorine compounds and heavy metals are also separated.
  • German patent application P 33 08 927.2-43 is a process for binding gaseous pollutants, such as sulfur oxides, fluorine, which are contained in flue gases from the combustion of fossil fuels containing minerals, in particular lignite and hard coal as well as oil and gas firing. and chlorine compounds, which is characterized in that the fly ash with the mineral substances contained therein, such as calcium oxide and / or magnesium oxide, after separation in a filter in a dry and / or Suspended form, optionally with the addition of additives such as lime, magnesium oxide and / or limestone, the flue gases coming from the furnace, preferably flue gases in the medium (300 - 500 ° C) or lower 5 (80 - 300 ° C) temperature range are mixed again .
  • gaseous pollutants such as sulfur oxides, fluorine
  • fluorine which are contained in flue gases from the combustion of fossil fuels containing minerals, in particular lignite and hard coal as well as oil and gas firing.
  • chlorine compounds which is characterized in that the fly ash with the
  • the invention aims to improve the method described above, namely that the sulfur dioxide 5 should be removed practically completely and also the nitrogen oxides as well as remaining heavy metals and flying dust from the smoke or exhaust gases.
  • the invention therefore relates to a process for the dry separation of gaseous pollutants contained in flue gases by admixing the fly ash with the minerals contained therein after separation in a filter in dry and / or suspended form, optionally with the addition of known additi ⁇ ven to the flue gases coming from the furnace, preferably the flue gases of the medium (300 - 500 ° C) and / or the lower (150 - 300 ° C) temperature range, which is characterized in that the flue gas after separation of the Fly ash or the mixture of fly ash and additives treated with a reducing gas, preferably ammonia, and the mixture of flue gas and reducing gas through a layer of A-coal or A-coke with removal of the nitrogen oxides, the remaining SO and so the Heavy metals and the dust is directed.
  • a reducing gas preferably ammonia
  • the fly ash with the minerals it contains is then firstly separated in a filter in a dry and / or suspended form, if appropriate with addition, in a first cleaning stage or a first cleaning cycle of additives, such as lime, magnesium oxide and / or limestone, again mixed with the flue gases coming from the furnace, preferably flue gases in the medium (300 - 500 ° C) and / or low (150-30O ° C) temperature ranges.
  • additives such as lime, magnesium oxide and / or limestone
  • fly ash returned to the flue gases to increase the degree of binding of the pollutants
  • additional additives can be used, either together with the fly ash as a mixture or separated from the fly ash at different locations in the above-mentioned temperature ranges for the flue gas be added.
  • the places of addition for the fly ash or the fly ash and the additive are in the area before the end of the boiler heating surface downstream of the firing, before entering the air warmer or in the area between the air warmer and the filter inlet.
  • fly ash or fly ash and additives can be added to the flue gas not just once but several times. For this it is of course necessary that on a or several specific points of the flue gas stream fly ash or fly ash and additive are separated and returned.
  • the method according to the invention can also be carried out in such a way that fly ash or fly ash and additives from the various separation systems are mixed in terms of quantity in accordance with their loading capacity, and are wholly or partially fed back or discharged to the various addition sites.
  • the fly ash or the fly ash and additive can be further improved according to the invention by using a bag filter of known construction as a second cleaning stage for separating fly ash or fly ash and additive.
  • a bag filter of known construction as a second cleaning stage for separating fly ash or fly ash and additive.
  • the deposition of the fly ash and / or the additives on the surface of the filter causes further contact between the harmful gases and additives which are still absorbent, so that the degree of separation of the pollutants increases further and the filter thus simultaneously with the fly ash additive-harmful gas and heavy metal separation serves.
  • an electrical filter can also be used.
  • Optimal integration of the pollutants contained in the flue gases by the fly ash or fly ash and additives can be supported by adding fly ash or fly ash and additives at different locations in the medium and / or low temperature range.
  • This addition which is graded in the direction of flow of the flue gases, increases the action of the agents which trigger the integration.
  • This action can in turn ' by the consistency of the fly ash or fly ash and Additives, namely in suspended and / or dry form can be further influenced.
  • the nitrogen oxides not yet separated out as well as the remaining SO are removed in a third cleaning stage after the separation of the fly ash or of fly ash and additives.
  • the flue gas is passed over or through a layer of a catalyst, preferably activated carbon or activated coke,
  • the flue gas is expediently forced through a filter loaded with activated carbon or activated coke.
  • the nitrogen oxides react with a reducing gas under the influence of the catalyst to form nitrogen.
  • Ammonia is primarily used as the reducing gas for practical purposes. When using ammonia, the following reactions occur simultaneously in the filter made of activated carbon / activated coke:
  • the catalyst made from activated carbon / activated coke preferably operates in a temperature range from 100 to 150 ° C., that is to say in a range which corresponds to the exhaust gas temperatures customary today for large boiler systems.
  • ammonia is used as the reducing gas, this is preferably used as an aqueous solution in the flue gas stream injected.
  • the disadvantage of the activated carbon / coke adsorber is that the activated carbon / coke layer, which is highly loaded with all pollutants, can be desorbed, ie cleaned, only with considerable effort, and the losses or the consumption of activated carbon / activated coke, the economy of the process as a single process considered, significantly reduces.
  • the method according to the invention wherein a large part of the pollutants are removed before they enter the activated carbon filter, the latter is subjected to far less stress.
  • FIG. 1 shows a diagram of a steam generator in which only fly ash is used for the binding of pollutants in the medium temperature range.
  • FIG. 2 shows the diagram of FIG. 1, in which fly ash and additives for the binding of harmful substances in the low temperature range are used.
  • Figure 3 shows the scheme of Figure 1, in the fly ash and additive in suspended form in Medium temperature range and fly ash and • additive can be used in dry form in the low temperature range.
  • FIG. 4 shows an embodiment in which additives and fly ash are added in the medium-temperature range, no pre-separation of fly ash and / or additives takes place, but rather flue gas and fly ash or, fly ash and additives flow through the air preheater.
  • the separation takes place in the main separator designed as a fabric filter.
  • fly ash is added to the flue gases from any combustion system 1 of the steam generator 2 immediately behind or in front of the last heating surface.
  • the furnace system can be a coal-fired furnace, a furnace with dry ash extraction, a traveling grate or a fluidized bed boiler, but it can also be a furnace or another furnace system.
  • the flue gases are cooled to a temperature level of approximately 300 to approximately 500 ° C.
  • the fly ash originates from a pre-separator 3 and a main separator 4. The fly ash is transported via lines 5, 6 and 7.
  • a fly ash addition device 8 is installed behind or in front of the last heating surface, which performs a first uniform distribution of the fly ash in the flue gas.
  • a further mixing device 9 which can also be configured as a post-heating section, is provided, in which, in addition to the continued mixing, a substantial proportion of the pollutant incorporation takes place.
  • the fly ash that is not required for the inclusion of pollutants is fed via the line lo withdrawn from the pre-separator 3.
  • the flue gas then flows through the air preheater 12.
  • fly ash and additive are added, specifically behind the air preheater 12 via a device 8a.
  • the intensive mixing between fly ash and fly ash and additive with simultaneous extensive incorporation of pollutants takes place in the mixing device 9a installed downstream.
  • the preparation of Flug ⁇ ash and additive is done in a mixer 14.
  • 'the additive through line 13 and fly ash are conveyed through the line 7a.
  • the control of the amount of fly ash and additive entered at 8a is carried out like 5 in the embodiment according to FIG. 1 by a pollutant measurement of the flue gas at 11a.
  • fly ash and additive in suspended and in dry form are added to bind the pollutants in the flue gases.
  • fly ash and additive are added in suspended form at 8b with subsequent device 9b for intensive mixing -with the flue gases
  • fly ash and additive are added in dry form at 8c with subsequent mixing device 9c.
  • the suspen- dated fly ash and additive are produced in a mixer, fly ash being fed via line 7b, additive via line 13a and water via line 16. From the mixer 15, the suspension is fed via line 17 with pump 18 to the input point 8b.
  • Addition location is characterized by a medium temperature range.
  • the place of addition for the fly ash and additive in dry form is 8c and is characterized by a low temperature range.
  • the type of addition takes place in the same way as in the exemplary embodiment in FIG. 2.
  • Fly ash is discharged from the pre-separator 3b via line 10b.
  • the amount of the agents added to the flue gases at the various addition sites 8b and 8c - fly ash and additi in suspended form or fly ash and additive in dry form - is, as in the processes described in FIGS controlled in the flue gases measured at 11b pollutant content.
  • FIG. 4 shows an embodiment in which the flue gases flow through the air preheater. 12, in which the mixture is thoroughly mixed again, through the flue gas duct to the filter system. -4 flow, which is either designed as an electrostatic filter, but preferably as a bag filter. The separated fly ash and / or additives are withdrawn from the filter 4 and to
  • Injection point 8 of the boiler returned. At 28 fresh additives are added, at lo a corresponding amount of fly ash and / or additives from the. Circuit ejected.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Abstract

Procédé d'extraction par voie sèche de substances nocives contenues dans des gaz de fumées ou d'autres gaz d'échappement, en particulier du SO2 et du NOx, et simultanément de tous les autres gaz nocifs, comme les composés de fluor et de chlore, ainsi que les métaux lourds. Pour extraire les substances nocives, on ajoute aux gaz de fumées provenant du chauffage, et de préférence aux gaz de fumées dans la zone de température moyenne (300-500oC) et/ou dans la zone de température inférieure (150-300oC), les cendres volantes, après leur extraction dans un filtre soit seules, soit mélangées à des additifs connus pour l'extraction de substances nocives, les substances nocives étant tout d'abord liées sur la base de composés de fluor et/ou de chlore, à l'instar d'une partie des substances nocives contenant du soufre. Finalement, les gaz de fumées sont traités, après extraction des cendres volantes et/ou du mélange de cendres volantes et d'additifs, avec un gaz réducteur, de préférence de l'ammoniac, et le mélange de gaz de fumées et d'ammoniac est dirigé à travers une couche de charbon ou de coke actif en retirant les oxydes azotiques, le SO2 résiduel et enfin, les métaux lourds et la poussière volante résiduels.
EP85901000A 1984-02-06 1985-02-06 Procede d'extraction de substances nocives gazeuses contenues dans des gaz de fumees Withdrawn EP0170689A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3403995 1984-02-06
DE19843403995 DE3403995A1 (de) 1984-02-06 1984-02-06 Verfahren zur abscheidung von in rauchgasen enthaltenen gasfoermigen schadstoffen

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0170689A1 true EP0170689A1 (fr) 1986-02-12

Family

ID=6226836

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP85901000A Withdrawn EP0170689A1 (fr) 1984-02-06 1985-02-06 Procede d'extraction de substances nocives gazeuses contenues dans des gaz de fumees

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0170689A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE3403995A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1985003455A1 (fr)
ZA (1) ZA85887B (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113083005A (zh) * 2021-03-24 2021-07-09 武汉科技大学 一种基于粉煤灰矿物成分定向调配的燃煤过程污染物控制的应用

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DE3407277C2 (de) * 1984-02-28 1987-03-19 Deutsche Babcock Anlagen Ag, 4200 Oberhausen Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Reinigung von Rauchgas
DE3535600C1 (de) * 1985-10-05 1987-05-27 Perfluktiv Consult Ag Verfahren zur Verminderung des Schadstoffgehaltes von staubhaltigen Rauch- oder Prozessgasen
DE3706131A1 (de) * 1987-02-26 1988-09-08 Rheinische Braunkohlenw Ag Verfahren zur entfernung von schadstoffen aus rauchgas
JPH0729049B2 (ja) * 1987-04-30 1995-04-05 三菱重工業株式会社 燃焼排ガス中の砒素化合物除去方法
CH674716A5 (en) * 1988-11-10 1990-07-13 Sulzer Ag combustion fumes for desulphurising after cpd. injection - which are cooled by heat exchanger to 80 deg. max for optimum effect
DE4000795A1 (de) * 1990-01-12 1991-07-18 Krupp Polysius Ag Verfahren zur reinigung der abgase von anlagen zur herstellung von zementklinker
FR2674766A1 (fr) * 1991-04-08 1992-10-09 Inst Francais Du Petrole Procede et dispositif de traitement des effluents gazeux issus d'une unite de craquage catalytique.
CN108373936A (zh) * 2018-05-02 2018-08-07 福建龙净脱硫脱硝工程有限公司 一种燃煤耦合生物质气化的烟气净化系统及方法
CN113860803B (zh) * 2021-09-17 2023-03-24 西安科技大学 一种控制粉煤灰基充填膏体氨释放的制备方法与装置

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JPS535984B2 (fr) * 1974-09-04 1978-03-03
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DE2638581A1 (de) * 1976-08-27 1978-03-02 Heinz Hoelter Verfahren und absorptionsmittel-zusammensetzung fuer das beseitigen von so tief 2 und no tief x und aehnlichen schadgasbegleitern bei vorzugsweise kraftwerksabgasen
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DE3308927A1 (de) * 1983-03-12 1984-09-13 L. & C. Steinmüller GmbH, 5270 Gummersbach Verfahren zur bindung von in rauchgasen enthaltenen gasfoermigen schadstoffen

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113083005A (zh) * 2021-03-24 2021-07-09 武汉科技大学 一种基于粉煤灰矿物成分定向调配的燃煤过程污染物控制的应用
CN113083005B (zh) * 2021-03-24 2022-07-19 武汉科技大学 一种基于粉煤灰矿物成分定向调配的燃煤过程污染物控制的应用

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3403995A1 (de) 1985-08-08
WO1985003455A1 (fr) 1985-08-15
ZA85887B (en) 1985-09-25

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