EP0169393A1 - Device for producing boreholes at an inaccessible cross-section - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a device for producing underground, non-accessible cross-sections through holes. It contains a working tube (1) which can be displaced in the direction of the through-bore formed and a dismantling unit (3) which is mounted therein and has a dismantling tool (15). The removal unit (3) is arranged axially displaceably in the working tube (1). The removal tool (15) has a substantially smaller effective outer cross section than the inside cross section of the working tube (1) and is mounted on the removal unit (3) so as to be movable in directions perpendicular to the working tube axis (4). Drive means (18, 19) serve to move the removal tool (15) within an effective range, the maximum cross section of which, measured perpendicular to the working pipe axis (4), corresponds at least to the outer cross section of the working pipe (1). The entire removal unit (3) including the drive means (18, 19) can be moved out of the rear of the working tube.

Description

The invention relates to a device for producing underground, non-accessible cross-sections with a work tube which can be pre-pressed in the direction of the resulting through holes and a dismantling unit arranged in the same, which has a dismantling tool which is displaceable in the axial direction of the work tube and can be driven out and retracted through the front end of the work tube is.

In civil engineering, it is customary to manufacture underground pipelines for the water, gas and district heating supply or the like in that perforations are carried out in areas near the surface and the perforations obtained are secured by pipes introduced into them. Since the through-holes cannot be walked on and there is therefore no possibility of the extraction tool being controlled by an operator standing directly on the respective face, devices of the type described at the outset have been developed which are automatic, i.e. work through the ground without an operator. The operator only has the task of pushing the working pipe leading the excavation unit in the direction of the resulting drilling from a press pit formed at the beginning of the drilling and, if necessary, pushing further pipes supporting the working pipe (Wirth, technical description of the pipe jacking system HBG 700 type 1 ).

The commonly used drilling rigs lead to a multitude of problems, especially in different soil conditions. Just for example in this context the slight deformation of the work pipes when driving up to underground obstacles, the necessary breaking off of bores due to obstacles occurring unexpectedly in front of the drill pipes in the form of boulders, remains of wood and foundations or the like, and the deviation of the bores from the specified direction due to different soil layers .

The problems mentioned are primarily a consequence of the fact that the known drilling devices are provided with a dismantling tool, the effective outer cross section of which corresponds at least to the inner cross section of the working tube introduced into the through-hole, so that there is always a full-surface dismantling. This is not a problem in the case of homogeneous soil conditions on the working face, because the forces occurring on the rotationally symmetrical removal tool cancel each other out during the drilling process. In the case of inhomogeneous soil conditions, on the other hand, the forces on the cutting or chiseling tools of the removal tool are different, which results in a resultant force on the removal tool, which tries to displace it in the direction of the bottom layer with the lowest compressive strength, and thus a deviation of the longitudinal axis of the working tube from the desired target axis of the bore. To avoid this disadvantage, it is already known to mount the dismantling unit on an articulated pipe section connected to the working pipe, this makes it possible to avoid any obstacles and the working pipe axis after bypassing an obstacle by controlling the angular position of this pipe section back to the desired axis of the Adjust the through hole. Even with such devices, however, it is impossible to clear obstacles and penetrate them without deviating from the target axis of the through-hole.

Considerable torques are still required to securely loosen the material present at the working face when using the known devices. The maximum achievable torques are due to the dimensions the gearbox is limited, which can be accommodated in the cross section of the tube, so that the forces available on the working face per unit area are undesirably small. Furthermore, the known devices are provided with a fixed dismantling tool which cannot be easily adapted to changing soil conditions or can be replaced in the event of wear or damage. Finally, when using the known devices, the removal of the dissolved material is difficult, which can only be removed through openings in the excavation tool that are impassable for larger stones, boulders or the like. Rather, they remain in front of the removal tool, clog it and make it impossible to continue drilling. The known devices can therefore only be used with advantage in water-bearing, soft soil layers.

For the production of through-bores with accessible cross-sections, e.g. tunnels, devices with extraction tools are known, the effective outer cross-sections of which are substantially smaller than the inner cross-section of the working tube, and which can be pivoted perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis of the working tube within an effective range which is at least equal to that External cross section of the working pipe is (DE-AS 1 658 753). When using such devices, it is common to man the mining unit, i.e. to be controlled by an operator present at the face. Automatic control is possible, but offers no special advantages apart from the automation effect. When producing through-holes with cross sections that cannot be walked on, a semi-automatic or fully automatic control system is, however, absolutely necessary because it is not possible to operate the dismantling tool and the other functional parts with sufficient safety from the press pit, which is often several hundred meters away. For this reason, the devices known for the production of through holes with accessible cross sections cannot be used in an analogous manner for the production of through holes with non-accessible cross sections.

The invention has for its object to improve the above-mentioned device for the production of perforations with non-accessible cross sections in that it is also suitable for drilling inhomogeneous, obstacle-containing soil layers that large forces can be applied per unit area without thereby Longitudinal axis of the working tube is displaced from the target axis, and that a simple replacement of the removal tool is possible.

To achieve this object, the invention, starting from the device described at the outset, is characterized in that the removal tool has a substantially smaller effective outer cross section than the inside cross section of the working tube, but is movable as a whole perpendicularly to the working tube axis in the removal unit in such a way that its effective area measured perpendicular to the working pipe axis corresponds at least to the outer cross section of the working pipe, that drive elements are provided for moving the dismantling tool perpendicular to the working pipe axis and that the dismantling unit and the driving elements are mounted on a frame which can be moved in the axial direction of the working pipe, can be fixed in the working pipe and can be removed to the rear from the working pipe are mounted.

The invention has a number of advantages. Due to the use of a removal tool, the outer cross section of which is smaller than the inner cross section of the working tube and thus also the cross section of the through-hole to be produced, comparatively small gears can apply large forces per unit area. The controlled movement of the removal tool makes it possible to gradually increase the cross section of the through hole and to remove obstacles without the resulting, Forces exerted on the removal tool exceed a critical value with regard to the deviation from the direction. Finally, it is easily possible to replace the dismantling tool, since for this purpose the entire dismantling unit is merely moved to the end of the working tube which is distant from the working face and from there by means of rail systems or the like. needs to be transported through the pipe sections that may follow the working pipe to the press pit, from which the drilling is started.

• Fig. 1 eine Vorderansicht der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung;
• Fig. 2 die Draufsicht der Vorrichtung nach Fig. 1; und
• Fig. 3 eine Seitenansicht der Vorrichtung nach Fig. 1.

The invention is explained in more detail below in connection with the accompanying drawing using an exemplary embodiment. Show it:

• Fig. 1 is a front view of the device according to the invention;
• Fig. 2 is a top view of the device of Fig. 1; and
• 3 shows a side view of the device according to FIG. 1.

According to FIGS. 1 to 3, the device according to the invention contains, for example, a steel working pipe 1 with a rail system 2 fastened in it, with which a dismantling unit 3 can be moved back and forth parallel to the longitudinal axis 4 of the working pipe 1. The rail system 2 contains two diametrically opposite guide rails 5 which are arranged parallel to one another and to the axis 4 of the working tube and which are fastened to the inner wall of the working tube 1. On both guide rails 5 roll from both sides a plurality of rollers 6 of a frame 7, in which the dismantling unit 3 is mounted and in the area of both guide rails 5, a U-shaped off directed towards the longitudinal axis 4 has 8. These recesses 8 encompass a turntable 9 on two diametrically opposite sides, which has a cylindrical outer surface, is rotatably supported in the recesses 8 of the frame 7 by means of bearing rollers 10 and has a radial recess 9a at its front end. The bearing rollers 10 are arranged in the frame 7 on a circular arc, the diameter of which corresponds to the diameter of the slewing ring 9. The axis of rotation 11 of the turntable 9 intersects the axis 4 of the working tube 1 at a right angle.

2, the turntable 9 is hollow or open on the inside and is provided with two pivot bearings 12, the common pivot axis 13 of which passes through the intersection of the axes 4 and 11 and is arranged perpendicular to both the axis 4 and the axis of rotation 11. The pivot bearings 12 are used for the pivotable mounting of a removal head 14 which projects radially through the recess 9a and carries at its front end a removal tool 15 which, for example, consists of a milling head which can be rotated at high speed and whose outer diameter is significantly smaller, preferably at least half smaller than that Inner diameter of the working tube 1. The removal tool 15 is fastened to the removal head 14 in an easily replaceable manner by means of a quick-action chuck, which essentially consists of a transmission housing 16, a drive motor 17 flanged onto it, for example a hydraulic motor, and a transmission arranged in the transmission housing 16.

The removal head 14 can be rotated on the one hand by means of the slewing ring 9 about the axis of rotation 11, which is subsequently regarded as the Y axis of an imaginary coordinate system, and on the other hand, by means of the pivot bearing 12, about the pivot axis 13 subsequently viewed as the X axis of the imaginary coordinate system. At the same time it is Removal unit by means of the rail system 2 in the direction of the axis 4 according to the Z axis of the imaginary coordinate system. It follows that the mining tool 15 protruding sufficiently far beyond the front end of the mining unit 14 and having its own axis of rotation within an effective range, the maximum cross section of which corresponds at least to the outer cross section of the working tube 1, in the direction of these three axes, ie in X-, Y -and Z-direction can be moved. In the embodiment shown, the rearward extension of the axis of rotation of the removal tool 15 always runs through the intersection of the three axes 4, 11 and 13.

A control device which has three separately controllable drives, preferably designed as cylinder / piston arrangements 18, 19 and 20, is used to produce these movements of the removal tool 15. The cylinder / piston assembly 18 includes an articulated to the frame 7 cylinder 21 and hinged to a bracket 22 of the mining head 14 piston rod 23 and is for pivoting the Abbaukop ⁼ fes 14 about the pivot axis 13 and a movement of the mining tool 15 responsible in the Y direction. The cylinder / piston arrangement 19 has a cylinder 24 which is also articulated on the frame 7 and a piston rod 26 which is articulated on a holder 25 of the slewing ring 9 and is for rotating the slewing ring 9 or pivoting the removal head 14 fastened thereon about the axis of rotation 11 and thus responsible for a movement of the removal tool 15 in the X direction. Finally, the cylinder / piston arrangement 20 has a cylinder 28 which is articulated on a slide 27 and a piston rod 29 which is articulated on the frame 7 and is used for displacing the frame 7 or the removal unit 3 in the direction of the longitudinal axis 4 and thus for moving the removal tool 15 in the Z direction. All cylinders and piston rods are each articulated to the components assigned to them in such a way that all swiveling or rotating movements can be carried out individually and / or in combination.

The carriage 27, like the frame 7, is slidably mounted on the guide rails 5 by means of rollers 30. It is also provided with a locking device by means of which it can be immovably locked in the working tube 1. The locking device comprises, for example, two cylinder / piston arrangements 31 with cylinders 32 mounted on the slide 27 and piston rods 33 arranged perpendicular to the working tube axis 4, which can be pressed in a clamping manner against the inner wall of the working tube 1 or the guide rails 5, around the slide 7 on any one Place in the direction of axis 4. Alternatively, recesses 34 can be formed in the guide rails 5 at preselected intervals, into which the outer ends of the piston rods 33 or pins fastened thereon can be inserted in order to lock the slide 27 at predetermined points in the direction of the axis 4 by positive locking instead of positive locking.

A preferably mechanical conveying device, which is expediently arranged in a space 36 (FIG. 1) below the turntable 9 or the entire dismantling unit 3, is used to remove the material detached from the excavation tool 15 on the working face. This can include, for example, a shovel that can be moved by chains, a conveyor belt or a push rod system that has a plurality of pivotable flaps arranged at a distance, which in each case gradually transfer the dissolved material to a subsequent flap. The funding takes place in each case parallel to the working tube axis 4 and in such a way that the actual conveying element can be moved up to approximately the front end of the working tube 1 and thus up to the working face in order to accommodate the detached and falling material. Due to the fact that the removal tool 15 and the removal head 14 have a sufficiently small effective outer cross section in comparison to the inside cross section of the working tube 1, conveying devices of this type can easily be accommodated in the space 36.

The operation with the device according to the invention is as follows:

Press pits are first excavated at both ends of the underground bore to be produced. In a press pit, the working tube 1 is now placed in such a way that its front end rests against the wall of the press pit to be drilled, the axis 4 coincides with the axis of the through hole to be produced and the two guide rails are arranged at the same height so that they meet the Axis 4 form a horizontal plane dividing the working tube into an upper and lower half. In addition, the arrangement is such that the dismantling unit 3 is essentially above this level, whereas the conveyor device is essentially below this level. Finally, the axis of rotation of the removal tool 15 is expediently arranged coaxially to the axis 4 at this time.

The carriage 27 is now locked in the working tube 1 by means of the cylinder / piston arrangements 31, so that it forms an abutment for the displacement of the frame 7 in the Z direction. By actuating the cylinder / piston assembly 20, the frame 7 is advanced to bring the mining tool 15 through the front end of the working pipe to the wall to be drilled, i.e. to put on the current face. The drilling process is initiated by switching on the motor 17. In this case, a partial cut milling head is used as the removal tool 15, for example, which detaches the material lying in its area of effect. By suitable control of the cylinder / piston assemblies 18, 19 and 20, the mining tool 15 is then moved in the X, Y and Z directions such that it gradually creates a borehole with an ever increasing cross section. It is expedient to let the dismantling tool move first by controlling the cylinder / piston arrangements 18 and 19 on spherical surfaces with gradually increasing radii, and by means of the frame 7 or the cylinder / piston arrangement 20 and the slide 27 in Hold the Z direction until a through-boring section with a cross section corresponding to the outer cross section of the working tube 1 is reached, then advance something in the Z direction and then repeat the drilling process.

The through-hole sections created by the removal tool 15 and extending in the Z direction must be secured by pipes. This is done by pushing the working tube 1 with a hydraulic press or the like from the press pit as far as the respective piercing section allows. If the working tube 1 has completely disappeared into the through-hole, further tubes are inserted into the part of the through-hole that becomes free on the back of the working tube. Before pushing the working pipe 1 or the other pipes, the removal tool 15 is pulled back into the working pipe 1 by means of the cylinder / piston arrangement 20. If it is desired to position the slide 27 at a different location within the working tube 1, all that is required is the locking device assigned to it Gelungsvorrichtung solved and the cylinder / piston assembly 20 are applied accordingly, since the comparatively heavy removal unit 3 remains at a standstill. Alternatively, it would also be possible to assign a locking device to the removal unit 3.

During the drilling process or also in the breaks between successive drilling processes, it is necessary to remove the dissolved material from the face, which accumulates partly on the bottom of the working tube 1 and partly on the bottom of the drilled hole and would make further dismantling impossible. For this purpose, the automatic conveying device is set in motion, which picks up the dissolved material and transports it under the mining unit 3 to the other end of the working tube 1. Behind the mining unit 3 or the rear end of the working tube 1, the conveyed material can be transferred directly to a conveyor belt arranged in the press pit.

The effective range of the conveying device expediently extends only over the length of the working tube 1, so that it can be advanced together with the latter. Therefore, after the working pipe has disappeared into the through hole, further devices are required to take over the material transported with the conveying device to the rear end of the working pipe and to move it to the press pit. For this purpose, provision can be made, for example, to provide the tubes pushed behind the working tube with guide rails for a carriage that can be moved back and forth.

The work of the removal tool 15 is expediently monitored by means of a television camera or the like mounted on the removal unit 3. When an obstacle occurs, the type and position of the obstacle can therefore be determined precisely by means of the television camera and the dismantling tool 15 can be acted on via the control device such that the obstacle is removed gradually eliminated. Because of the small size of the removal tool, a favorable angle of the removal tool to the obstacle can always be produced and avoided that forces are exerted on the working tube 1 to such an extent that it is laterally displaced from its desired path. Apart from this, the desired feed direction of the working tube can be adhered to very precisely, for example by using a laser beam to define a target axis for the through-drilling and controlling the movement of the removal tool with respect to this target axis. Since in this case the axes of the through-hole sections produced by the removal tool are each centered by the laser beam, it is practically impossible for the actual through-hole axis to deviate from the desired axis.

If it is desired to replace the removal tool 15, be it because of wear, or because of a change in the soil layer to be removed, the entire removal unit 3 is moved by means of the cylinder / piston arrangement 20 to the rear end of the working tube, there to a cart or . The like. Coupled, which is inserted into the tubes following the working tube, and transferred from this into the press pit. Alternatively, it would be possible to provide the pipes following the working pipe with rail systems corresponding to the rail system 2 and to transport the dismantling unit into the press pit solely by corresponding actuation of the cylinder / piston arrangement 20. If a particularly critical obstacle that cannot be removed with conventional dismantling tools appears, it would even be conceivable to equip the dismantling unit with a jackhammer or an explosive device.

The invention is not restricted to the exemplary embodiment described, which can be modified in many ways. This applies in particular to the conveyor device which requires transport devices and the hydraulic or pneumatic cylinder / piston arrangements to replace the removal tool, but also, for example, to the manner in which the removal tool 15 is moved in its area of action. It would be possible, for example, to move the removal tool linearly in the X and Y directions or to move it with the aid of guides or linkages in the form of parallelograms, instead of causing the movements in these directions by rotating or pivoting movements. Apart from this, the control device can be designed in any manner and can be provided with automatically working computers or microprocessors for calculating the movements of the removal tool. It would also be possible to omit the rail system 2 and to mount the frame 7 and the slide 27 in a different manner, for example by means of simple sliding or roller guides, in the working tube 1.

Claims (10)

1) Device for producing underground, non-accessible cross-sections with a working tube which can be pre-pressed in the direction of the resulting through-hole and a dismantling unit arranged in this, which is provided with a dismantling tool which can be displaced in the axial direction of the working tube, can be driven out and retracted through the front end of the working tube, characterized in that the removal tool (15) has a substantially smaller effective outer cross-section than the inner cross-section of the working tube (1), but is movable as a whole perpendicular to the working tube axis (4) in the removal unit (3) such that its perpendicular to the The working area axis (4) of the effective area measured corresponds at least to the outer cross section of the working pipe (1), that drive elements (18, 19) are provided for moving the removal tool (15) perpendicular to the working pipe axis (4) and that the removal unit (3) and the drive elements (18 , 19) on an i n Axial direction of the working tube (1), which can be moved, fixed in the working tube (1) and removed to the rear from the working tube (1), are mounted. 2) Device according to claim 1, characterized in that in the working tube (1) a parallel to the axis (4) extending rail system (2) is arranged and the frame (7) in the rail system (2) is slidably mounted. 3) Device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the removal unit (3) has a removal head (14) carrying the removal tool (15), which is movably mounted about two axes (11, 13) perpendicular to one another and to the working tube axis (4) is. 4) Device according to claim 3, characterized in that the frame (7) has an open turntable (9) which is rotatably mounted about an axis of rotation (11) intersecting the working tube axis (4), and that the removal head (14) in the slewing ring (9) is mounted so as to be pivotable about a pivot axis (13) which perpendicularly intersects the working tube axis (4) and the axis of rotation (11). 5) Device according to at least one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the drive elements each contain a cylinder / piston arrangement (18, 19) for rotating the turntable (9) and for pivoting the removal head (14). 6) Device according to claim 5, characterized in that the cylinder / piston arrangement (18) for pivoting the removal head (14) on the frame (7) and the removal head (14) is articulated. 7) Device according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the cylinder / piston arrangement (19) for the rotation of the slewing ring (9) on the frame (7) and the slewing ring (9) is articulated. 8) Device according to at least one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the removal tool (15) is attached to the removal unit (3) in an easily replaceable manner. 9) Device according to at least one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the effective outer cross section of the removal tool (15) is smaller than half the inner cross section of the working tube (1). 10) Device according to at least one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that in the working tube (1) and below the mining unit (3) a mechanical conveyor for removing the material from the mining tool (15) is provided.

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