EP0168693A1 - Procédé pour la coulée continue de tubes métalliques, appareil pour sa mise en oeuvre et produit obtenu - Google Patents

Procédé pour la coulée continue de tubes métalliques, appareil pour sa mise en oeuvre et produit obtenu Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0168693A1
EP0168693A1 EP85108035A EP85108035A EP0168693A1 EP 0168693 A1 EP0168693 A1 EP 0168693A1 EP 85108035 A EP85108035 A EP 85108035A EP 85108035 A EP85108035 A EP 85108035A EP 0168693 A1 EP0168693 A1 EP 0168693A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tubular
liquid metal
electromagnetic
metal column
column
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP85108035A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
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EP0168693B1 (fr
Inventor
Jeffrey Norling Peterson
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
SWCC Corp
Original Assignee
General Electric Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by General Electric Co filed Critical General Electric Co
Priority to AT85108035T priority Critical patent/ATE41335T1/de
Publication of EP0168693A1 publication Critical patent/EP0168693A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0168693B1 publication Critical patent/EP0168693B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D27/00—Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting
    • B22D27/02—Use of electric or magnetic effects
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/01—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths without moulds, e.g. on molten surfaces
    • B22D11/015—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths without moulds, e.g. on molten surfaces using magnetic field for conformation, i.e. the metal is not in contact with a mould
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/14—Plants for continuous casting
    • B22D11/145—Plants for continuous casting for upward casting

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a new and improved method and apparatus for the continuous manufacture of tubular metal products, such as pipe, and to the resulting product.
  • the invention relates to the continuous manufacture of tubular metal products, such as pipe, in long lengths by casting in the presence of electromagnetic levitating fields for minimizing gravitational, frictional and adhesive forces acting on the cast tubular metal product while still in a molten state and while maintaining maximum effective heat transfer between the tubular molten metal forming the product and a heat exchanger during solidification.
  • Tubular metal products in the form of pipe, etc. have been produced in the past by a variety of techniques including casting which have been described in detail in the published literature relating to this art.
  • molten metal may spill out of the downwardly moving pool of molten metal instead of merely running back as would be the case in an upward casting system.
  • molten metal overflow and break-out possibility in these known downward casting techniques require constant careful control of both the molten metal feed rate and the solidified ingot removal rate with both rates being drastically limited by a heat exchange problem which consequently diminishes the commercial potential for this method of continuous casting.
  • a feature of the invention is the provision of an improved method and apparatus for the continuous manufacture of tubular metal products such as pipe in long lengths by casting the products in the presence of an upwardly travelling electromagnetic levitating field for minimizing gravitational, frictional and adhesive forces acting on the cast tubular metal product while maintaining maximum effective heat transfer between the solidifying tubular metal product and a heat exchanger.
  • a method and apparatus for producing tubular metal products of long length which comprises means for forming an elongated, upwardly-travelling, alternating electromagnetic levitation field within the interior of a surrounding annular-shaped casting vessel and providing a coextensive electromagnetic containment field component which is directed at right angles to the upwardly travelling levitation field.
  • Second electromagnetic field producing means are provided for forming at least a second electromagnetic containment field component which acts in a direction opposite to the first mentioned electromagnetic containment field within the center of the annular-shaped casting vessel.
  • Liquid metal is introduced into the lower portion of the annular-shaped casting vessel and the electromagnetic fields to form a tubular liquid metal column.
  • the value of the electromagnetic levitation field acting on the tubular liquid metal column is established by suitable means to reduce the hydrostatic head of the column to a minimum while maintaining a predetermined dimensional relationship between the outer and inner surfaces of the tubular liquid metal column and the opposed interior surrounding surfaces of the annular-shaped casting vessel.
  • the electromagnetic fields acting on the tubular liquid metal column are so maintained that the cross sectional dimension of the tubular liquid metal column is sufficiently large to provide pressureless contact but precludes formation of a substantial gap between the inner and outer surfaces of the tubular liquid metal column and the opposed interior ' surrounding surfaces of the annular-shaped casting vessel thereby effecting pressureless contact and maximum obtainable heat transfer between the tubular liquid metal column and the casting vessel while simultaneously reducing gravitational, frictional and adhesive forces to a minimum.
  • the tubular liquid metal column is moved upwardly through the casting vessel while thus being levitated and solidified in a solidification region surrounded by a heat exchanger and the solidified tubular metal product thereafter is removed from the upper portion of the casting vessel.
  • liquid metal is introduced continuously into the lower portion of the casting vessel and solidified tubular metal product is continuously removed from the upper portion of the vessel with the rate of production of the tubular metal product being determined by controlling the rate of removal of the solidified tubular metal product from the upper portion of the vessel and the corresponding rate of introduction of liquid metal into the lower portion of the vessel.
  • the second electromagnetic field component producing means is produced by a second upwardly travelling, electromagnetic levitation field producing means disposed within the central opening of the annular-shaped casting vessel.
  • a starting metal tube is joined to the tubular molten metal column moving upwardly through the levitating field by cooling and solidifying the upper end of the tubular liquid metal column within the fields to the lower end of the starting metal tube within the solidification zone.
  • Means are provided for withdrawing the starting lifting tube and attached solidified tubular metal product at a rate which determines the rate of production of the tubular metal product.
  • the withdrawn tubular metal product is precooled as it emerges from the upper portion of the casting vessel and if desired thereafter rolled to a desired finish and subsequently cooled to an ambient temperature.
  • the tubular metal product as it emerges from the upper portion of the casting vessel is precooled and thereafter further cooled to an ambient temperature and stored.
  • Patent No. 4,414,285 - issued November 8, 1983 for a "Continuous Metal Casting Method, Apparatus and Product" - Hugh R. Lowry and Robert T. Frost - inventors, assigned to the General Electric Company discloses a novel continuous metal casting method, apparatus and product for casting dense homogeneous solid metal rod in long lengths by introducing liquid metal into the lower portion of a casting vessel in the presence of an elongated upwardly-travelling alternating electromagnetic levitation field.
  • the present invention is an improvement in Patent No. 4,414,285 in that it discloses a method and apparatus for extending the principle taught in Patent No. 4,414,285 to the manufacture of tubular metal products in the form of pipe, etc.
  • FIG 1 is a functional diagrammatic sketch of a modified apparatus suitable for producing tubular metal products of long length in a continuous manner in accordance with the present invention and employing the principles disclosed in U. S. Patent No. 4,414,285.
  • the apparatus shown in Figure 1 is comprised by an annular-shaped molten metal reservoir 10 into which is supplied molten metal out of which the pipe of other tubular metal product is to be fabricated. It is understood that the molten metal reservoir 10 will be supplied with suitable refractory liner insulation and heating elements for maintaining the molten metal contained therein in a molten state.
  • An annular-shaped combined casting vessel/heat exchanger shown generally at 11 is disposed on the upper end of reservoir 10 with the annular-shaped interior passageway of the annular-shaped casting vessel/heat exchanger 11 being aligned with and having access to a correspondingly shaped opening in the top of molten metal reservoir 10.
  • the annular-shaped casting vessel/heat exchanger 11 is comprised by an outer cylindrically-shaped ceramic liner 12 which is supported on and projects into the annular passageways formed in the top of reservoir 10.
  • An inner ceramic lining 13 is formed in the shape of an upside down cup disposed over a central opening 14 formed in the center of the annular-shaped molten metal reservoir 10.
  • the side walls of the inner ceramic cup liner 13 in conjunction with the outer ceramic liner 12 define an elongated annnular-shaped.casting vessel in which the molten metal in reservoir 10 is to be solidified in the form of a desired tubular metal product such as pipe.
  • annular-shaped heat exchanger 15 Disposed around the outer ceramic liner 12 in the region immediately above the molten metal reservoir 10 is an annular-shaped heat exchanger 15 which may be constructed and operates in the same manner as the heat exchanger shown and described with relation to Figure 3 of U. S. Patent No. 4,414,285, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated into this application in its entirety. Cooling water is supplied to the heat exchanger 15 through an inlet indicated by the arrow 16 and heated water is withdrawn from the heat exchanger from an outlet indicated by an arrow 17. A second, internal annular-shaped heat exchanger 18 is physically dispose immediately adjacent the interior surfaces of the inner cup-shaped ceramic liner 13 for withdrawing heat away from liner 13.
  • the internal heat exchanger 18 is designed with an upper header portion 18A which seats against the bottom surface of the upside down ceramic cup liner 13 and feeds cooling water down through the downwardly depending side portions 18B.
  • the downwardly depending side portions 18B contact and withdraw heat away from the downwardly depending side portions of the upside down ceramic cup liner 13 that in conjunction with outer cylindrically-shaped ceramic liner 12 define the annular-shaped casting vessel in which the tubular products are to be formed.
  • Cooling water is supplied to the header portion 18A through a central inlet pipe 18C and then branches in the manner shown by the arrows 19 and 21 to supply the downwardly depending side portions 18B of the inner heat exchanger 18.
  • the entire structure is supported physically within the central opening 14 of the annular-shaped molten metal reservoir 10 by suitable physical supports (not shown).
  • cooling water is supplied to the inner heat exchanger 18 via the central conduit 18C as indicated by the inlet arrow 19, circulates through the header portion 18A and then is withdrawn via the downwardly depending cup side portions 18B and outlet conduits 18D which drain the side portions 18B as indicated by the outlet arrows 21.
  • a multi-turn winding 22 circumferentially surrounds the exterior of the outer heat exchanger 15 in the manner shown in Figure 1.
  • the multi-turn coil 22, for example, may comprise twelve coils disposed in vertical spaced relationship around the outer ceramic liner 12 with the planes of the windings arranged substantially normal to the axis of the ceramic liner tube 12.
  • the respective coils of the multi-turn winding 22 are connected in groups of three to successive phases of a polyphase electric current source such as shown in Figure 2 of the drawings to create an upwardly travelling electromagnetic levitation field.
  • a somewhat similar multi-turn winding shown at 23 is provided with the individual coils of the multi-turn winding lying in planes at right angles to the central axis of the inner ceramic inverted cup liner 13.
  • the coils of winding 23 are circumferentially wound around the interior surface of the side skirts 18B of the interior inverted cup-shaped heat exchanger 18.
  • Supply electric current is provided to the interior multi-turn windings 23 via supply conductors 24.
  • the inner, multi-turn windings 23 preferably are excited with multi-phase currents to provide a second, inner upwardly travelling electromagnetic field, it is also feasible to construct this inner coil as a single phase winding as will be explained more fully hereafter.
  • the inner, multi-turn coil 23 is connected as a multi-phase winding that is supplied with polyphase currents via the supply conductors 24. This results in the production of an upwardly travelling electromagnetic levitation field which is substantially in phase with the upwardly travelling levitation field produced by the outer multi-turn coil 22 but which has a containment field component that extends in a direction at right angles to the upwardly travelling levitation fields and acts in opposition to the containment field component produced by the exterior multi-turn coil 22.
  • Figure 2 of the drawings shows the exterior multi-turn coil 22 connected to a multi-phase current supply and controller 25 which in turn may be independently controlled in frequency by a frequency control 26 and independently controlled in power level output by a power control 27 all of conventional, known construction.
  • the inner multi-turn coil 23 of Figure 1 is connected via supply conductors 24 to an inner coil current source and controller 28 having an independent frequency control 29 and an independent power control 31 for controlling the frequency value and current magnitude (power) of the supply current supplied by controller 28 to the inner multi-turn coil windings 23.
  • the multi-turn coil 23 may comprise a multi-phase winding similar to the exterior multi-phase winding 22 in which case the current supplied by controller 28 via supply conductors 24 would be a multi-phase current capable of producing an upwardly travelling electromagnetic levitation field.
  • This field preferably is substantially in-phase with the upwardly travelling levitation field produced by the external multi-turn coil 22, but which has a containment field component that is substantially at right angles to the upwardly travelling levitation fields and acts in opposition to the containment field component produced by exterior multi-turn coil 22.
  • molten metal prepared in a furnace (not shown) is supplied to the crucible reservoir 10 via an inlet 10A where it is displaced from the reservoir upwardly into the lower portion of the annular casting vessel defined by the opposed interior surfaces of the outer ceramic liner 12 and the exterior depending skirt surfaces of the inverted ceramic cup liner 13.
  • the arrangement is such that either by gravity flow or due to pressurization by an inert gas cover, the molten metal shown at 25 is caused to rise within the annular casting vessel defined between ceramic walls 12 and 13 to a level just above the lower ends of the outer and inner sets of multi-turn coils 22 and 23.
  • the holding furnace delivers inlet molten metal into reservoir 10 either intermittently or continuously as necessary during continuous operation process in order to maintain this starting level of molten metal within the annular-shaped casting vessel 12, 13.
  • the molten metal will come under the influence of the upwardly travelling electromagnetic levitating fields produced by the exterior coil 22 as well as the electromagnetic field components produced by the interior multi-turn coil 23.
  • the field produced by multi-turn coil 23 is only a horizontally applied containment field or a combined upwardly travelling electromagnetic levitating field having a containment component that acts in opposition to the containment component of the levitating electromagnetic field produced by exterior multi-turn coil 22.
  • a starter lifting tubular member (not shown) is introduced from the upper end of the annular-shaped casting vessel 12, 13, to bring the lower end of the starter tube into contact with the top of the tubular liquid metal column formed by the rising molten metal within the annular-shaped casting vessel 12, 13.
  • the upper portion of the tubular liquid column shown at 26 will be solidified in contact with the starter tubular member.
  • the starter tubular member and accreted solidified tubular column 26 then will be withdrawn upwardly from the annular-shaped casting vessel 12, 13 by suitable withdrawal rolls as shown in Figure 2.
  • the starter tube and accreted tubular metal column 26 will be withdrawn at a rate determined by the rate of formation of solid rod and which in turn determines the rate of production of the continuous casting system.
  • the liquid metal column both in its molten and solidified form will be maintained in a substantially weightless and pressureless condition by the upwardly travelling, electromagnetic levitation field as explained more fully in the above-referenced and incorporated U. S. Patent No. 4,414,285.
  • the tubular liquid metal column within the solidification zone and during levitation in the above described manner becomes subject to a unique and unexpected self-regulating characteristic. Due to this self-regulating characteristic, if the tubular liquid metal column is accelerated upwards because the levitation force is greater than the weight force of the liquid metal column, it produces a reduction in cross-sectional area of the column. This then results in an automatic reduction in the lifting force as a consequence of the reduction of the cross section of the liquid metal column caused by the greater levitation force. Consequently, a slowing of the upward movement of the tubular liquid metal column automatically will occur so that the system stabilizes itself and becomes self-regulating.
  • the inside diameter of the outside cylindrical ceramic liner 12 and the outside diameter of the cylindrical depending skirt portion of inner ceramic cup liner 13 are be so designed that there is a minimum annular gap provided between the exterior surface of the tubular liquid metal column 25 and the opposing surfaces of the ceramic liners 12, 13.
  • This gap which in actuality is not a gap but a sporatically or randomly occuring open space between the exterior surfaces of the tubular metal column and side walls of the casting vessel, is too small to be shown in the drawings since it is important for good heat transfer to maintain the dimensions of this gap to a very small value.
  • the illustration is schematic and not intended as an acutal representation of the locations or dimensions of the gap.
  • the gap does occur however randomly and erratically and its existence is evidenced by the exterior surface of the resultant solidified tubular metal product which have a shiny wavy exterior appearance.
  • the gap if allowed to become too large due to the containment components of the upwardly travelling levitating electromagnetic fields, could seriously impair effective heat transfer between the tubular liquid metal column and the opposing side surfaces of the ceramic liners 12 and 13 since there is known to be a strong inverse relationship between field strength and heat removal rate. Consequently, the levitation field strength should be adjusted at the start of a casting operation to provide the desired pressureless contact as defined above with minimum gap spacing consistent with good thermal transfer. The field strength then should be maintained at this setting and should not be changed during the casting operation even though the rate of removal (line speed) of the tubular liquid metal column through the solidification zone region might be changed.
  • the solidified tubular metal product is withdrawn from the upper end of the levitator tube assembly, it is discharged into a pre-cooling chamber 34 and through withdrawal rolls 35 and 36 to two tandem hot-rolling stations 37 and 38 and then finally cooled and coiled at a coiling station 39.
  • the solidified tubular metal product 33 has the right diameter and finish for use in an as-cast condition, it is withdrawn from the pre-cooling chamber 34 by withdrawal rolls 35 and 36 and delivered for subsequent cooling and coiling without further processing.
  • the casting speed i.e., the line speed of the tubular liquid metal column passing through the heat exchanger/levitator assembly 11
  • the levitation field strength and excitation frequency should be established at a value calculated for the particular size and resistivity of the tubular metal being cast to give a levitation ratio in range between 75% and 200%. In a practical process and system employing the invention, it would be started at lower than normal line speed and higher than normal levitation ratios in order to insure reliable start-up.
  • the line speed After reaching steady-state operating conditions (within two to three minutes) the line speed then would be increased manually in steps and the levitation field strength decreased in steps until close to a maximum casting rate in terms of tons per hour of conversion of molten metal to the solidified tubular metal product.
  • the system then is maintained at this setting during the course of the run. Normally, it would be desirable to monitor the temperature of the emerging solidified tubular metal product by monitoring the product as it exits the annular-shaped casting vessel either visually or with a pyrometer to assure successful production runs.
  • the invention makes available a novel method and apparatus for continuously casting tubular metal products such as pipe in the presence of a levitating electromagnetic field which greatly reduces the forces required and wear and tear on the machinery normally employed in the casting of such products.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Continuous Casting (AREA)
  • Metal Extraction Processes (AREA)
  • Casting Or Compression Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Alloys Or Alloy Compounds (AREA)
  • Superconductors And Manufacturing Methods Therefor (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Steel In Its Molten State (AREA)
  • Telephone Function (AREA)
  • Saccharide Compounds (AREA)
  • Measuring Or Testing Involving Enzymes Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
  • Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
EP85108035A 1984-07-02 1985-06-28 Procédé pour la coulée continue de tubes métalliques, appareil pour sa mise en oeuvre et produit obtenu Expired EP0168693B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT85108035T ATE41335T1 (de) 1984-07-02 1985-06-28 Verfahren zum stranggiessen metallischer rohre, vorrichtung zur durchfuehrung des verfahrens und erzeugnis.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US62713584A 1984-07-02 1984-07-02
US627135 2003-07-25

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0168693A1 true EP0168693A1 (fr) 1986-01-22
EP0168693B1 EP0168693B1 (fr) 1989-03-15

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ID=24513326

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EP85108035A Expired EP0168693B1 (fr) 1984-07-02 1985-06-28 Procédé pour la coulée continue de tubes métalliques, appareil pour sa mise en oeuvre et produit obtenu

Country Status (15)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0168693B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH0724919B2 (fr)
KR (1) KR910009998B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE41335T1 (fr)
AU (1) AU571703B2 (fr)
BR (1) BR8502497A (fr)
DE (1) DE3568719D1 (fr)
ES (3) ES8608964A1 (fr)
FI (1) FI78406C (fr)
HU (1) HU205290B (fr)
IN (1) IN163373B (fr)
MX (1) MX170730B (fr)
PH (1) PH26322A (fr)
PT (1) PT80669B (fr)
ZA (1) ZA852590B (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113399634A (zh) * 2021-05-24 2021-09-17 佛山市三水凤铝铝业有限公司 一种铝合金圆管铸造结晶设备及其方法

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
USH135H (en) * 1984-06-19 1986-09-02 Electromagnetic levitation casting apparatus having improved levitation coil assembly
JP2014213353A (ja) * 2013-04-25 2014-11-17 権田金属工業株式会社 鋳造棒・管製造装置及びその装置に用いられる金属材料鋳造方法
JP6003840B2 (ja) * 2013-07-30 2016-10-05 トヨタ自動車株式会社 引上式連続鋳造方法

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2352612A1 (fr) * 1976-05-26 1977-12-23 Pont A Mousson Procede et installation pour la coulee continue par centrifugation de produits tubulaires en fonte notamment
US4126175A (en) * 1977-02-14 1978-11-21 Getselev Zinovy N Electromagnetic mould for the continuous and semicontinuous casting of hollow ingots
FR2414969A1 (fr) * 1978-01-23 1979-08-17 Creusot Loire Procede de coulee continue de metaux, notamment d'acier, dispositif pour la mise en oeuvre et ebauche metallique creuse obtenue par ce procede
GB2048139A (en) * 1979-05-09 1980-12-10 Arbed Continuous casting of tubes
EP0050581A1 (fr) * 1980-10-20 1982-04-28 Arbed S.A. Procédé et installation pour la fabrication continue d'ébauches creuses en métal

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4274470A (en) * 1978-11-02 1981-06-23 Olin Corporation Bottom blocks for electromagnetic casting
US4414285A (en) * 1982-09-30 1983-11-08 General Electric Company Continuous metal casting method, apparatus and product

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2352612A1 (fr) * 1976-05-26 1977-12-23 Pont A Mousson Procede et installation pour la coulee continue par centrifugation de produits tubulaires en fonte notamment
US4126175A (en) * 1977-02-14 1978-11-21 Getselev Zinovy N Electromagnetic mould for the continuous and semicontinuous casting of hollow ingots
FR2414969A1 (fr) * 1978-01-23 1979-08-17 Creusot Loire Procede de coulee continue de metaux, notamment d'acier, dispositif pour la mise en oeuvre et ebauche metallique creuse obtenue par ce procede
GB2048139A (en) * 1979-05-09 1980-12-10 Arbed Continuous casting of tubes
EP0050581A1 (fr) * 1980-10-20 1982-04-28 Arbed S.A. Procédé et installation pour la fabrication continue d'ébauches creuses en métal

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113399634A (zh) * 2021-05-24 2021-09-17 佛山市三水凤铝铝业有限公司 一种铝合金圆管铸造结晶设备及其方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
MX170730B (es) 1993-09-09
IN163373B (fr) 1988-09-17
HUT48142A (en) 1989-05-29
BR8502497A (pt) 1986-05-06
FI78406C (fi) 1989-08-10
PT80669A (en) 1985-07-01
EP0168693B1 (fr) 1989-03-15
FI78406B (fi) 1989-04-28
ES554063A0 (es) 1986-11-16
ES554064A0 (es) 1986-11-16
JPH0724919B2 (ja) 1995-03-22
FI851737L (fi) 1986-01-03
PH26322A (en) 1992-04-29
KR860000905A (ko) 1986-02-20
ES8700838A1 (es) 1986-11-16
ATE41335T1 (de) 1989-04-15
ES8608964A1 (es) 1986-07-16
PT80669B (pt) 1987-06-17
HU205290B (en) 1992-04-28
AU4396585A (en) 1986-01-09
ZA852590B (en) 1986-02-26
AU571703B2 (en) 1988-04-21
KR910009998B1 (ko) 1991-12-10
ES8700839A1 (es) 1986-11-16
FI851737A0 (fi) 1985-05-02
ES544412A0 (es) 1986-07-16
JPS6130259A (ja) 1986-02-12
DE3568719D1 (en) 1989-04-20

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