EP0167899A2 - Dryer, in particular for timber - Google Patents

Dryer, in particular for timber Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0167899A2
EP0167899A2 EP85107623A EP85107623A EP0167899A2 EP 0167899 A2 EP0167899 A2 EP 0167899A2 EP 85107623 A EP85107623 A EP 85107623A EP 85107623 A EP85107623 A EP 85107623A EP 0167899 A2 EP0167899 A2 EP 0167899A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
drying
connecting channels
channels
drying device
chambers
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP85107623A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0167899A3 (en
EP0167899B1 (en
Inventor
Reinhard Brunner
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Hildebrand Holztechnik GmbH
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Hildebrand Holztechnik GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE19843425642 external-priority patent/DE3425642C1/en
Application filed by Hildebrand Holztechnik GmbH filed Critical Hildebrand Holztechnik GmbH
Priority to AT85107623T priority Critical patent/ATE42392T1/en
Publication of EP0167899A2 publication Critical patent/EP0167899A2/en
Publication of EP0167899A3 publication Critical patent/EP0167899A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0167899B1 publication Critical patent/EP0167899B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B21/00—Arrangements or duct systems, e.g. in combination with pallet boxes, for supplying and controlling air or gases for drying solid materials or objects
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B21/00—Arrangements or duct systems, e.g. in combination with pallet boxes, for supplying and controlling air or gases for drying solid materials or objects
    • F26B21/02—Circulating air or gases in closed cycles, e.g. wholly within the drying enclosure
    • F26B21/04—Circulating air or gases in closed cycles, e.g. wholly within the drying enclosure partly outside the drying enclosure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B9/00—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects at rest or with only local agitation; Domestic airing cupboards
    • F26B9/06—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects at rest or with only local agitation; Domestic airing cupboards in stationary drums or chambers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B2210/00—Drying processes and machines for solid objects characterised by the specific requirements of the drying good
    • F26B2210/16—Wood, e.g. lumber, timber

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a drying device according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the present invention has for its object to guide desiccants for the purpose of saving energy in an advantageous manner where it is needed.
  • This object is achieved according to the invention by the features in the characterizing part of claim 1.
  • Desiccant can be passed directly from one of the rock chambers to the other drying chamber.
  • a fan can be used to circulate the desiccant from one of the drying chambers to the other drying chamber, which is used anyway for circulating desiccant within its own drying chamber.
  • the heating register in one of the drying chambers can be used to heat the desiccant to be conveyed into the other drying chamber. With this drying chamber, the heating register can be disconnected from the heating circuit or supplied with less heat.
  • the connecting channels require a relatively small amount of space and can be retrofitted inexpensively in existing drying chambers.
  • the connecting channels according to claim 2 lie outside of the horizontal planes intersecting the fans and can therefore be designed in a simple manner to be relatively wide and of low height.
  • the resulting size of the separating surface between the connecting duct and the drying chamber increases the efficiency of a heat exchange without moisture being transported between the connecting duct and a drying chamber which is currently not involved in the direct drying agent exchange.
  • This has the advantage of noticeably dehumidifying the desiccant in the drying chamber by condensation on channel walls, the cool desiccant passed through the channel, e.g. Fresh air, which absorbs the heat of condensation.
  • the area common to the drying chamber and the connecting channels is relatively large. There are only minor structural differences between longitudinal and cross-loaded drying chambers.
  • the features of claim 3 enable a simple and uniform design of the connecting channels for cross-loaded and longitudinally charged drying chambers without the drying agent circulation being impeded, since the connecting channels are completely outside the drying agent flow required for this.
  • the ceiling of the drying chamber also forms the upper wall of the connecting channels, the side walls of which are partly formed by the side walls of the drying chamber.
  • several fans can be arranged side by side. In the open state, the flaps are pressed against a mechanical end stop by the back pressure of the fans.
  • a locking which is necessary per se, or an expensive increase in the holding torque of the servomotors for the flaps in the suction operation of the associated fan, is unnecessary in the case of flaps which hang down from above and remain open due to their own weight.
  • the features of claim 4 offer the important advantage of a particularly large heat exchanger area between the two channels. Since only one of the two channels is in direct thermal contact with the desiccant in the drying chamber, there is the possibility of either heating the air of a chamber temporarily uninvolved in the desiccant exchange through the lower duct, dehumidifying it by condensation on the underside of the lower duct or also leaving it largely unaffected.
  • a design according to the features of claim 6 has the advantage of a higher flow rate of the desiccant in the connecting channel, which results in a higher dehumidification performance through condensation, a faster desiccant exchange and better mixing of the desiccant in the drying chamber.
  • the width of the flaps can be designed so that two or more fans are assigned to a flap.
  • the efficiency of the heat exchange between the connecting channels can be increased with a suitable arrangement and design of the channel partition. If of the total area of both ducts closest to the fans is narrower than the other duct, an air nozzle can be dispensed with and yet only one of the connecting ducts is in substantial thermal contact with the drying agent of the drying chamber.
  • flaps with controllable opening angle for connecting one or both connecting channels to the outside air Due to the arrangement of flaps with controllable opening angle for connecting one or both connecting channels to the outside air, the usual air flaps in the outer walls of the drying chambers can be omitted.
  • the control devices for the flaps are simplified.
  • desiccant is exchanged between the individual chambers via the connecting channels, fresh air can be added and part of the desiccant from at least one of the chambers can be discharged outdoors.
  • the usual exchange of desiccant between each chamber and the outside air is also possible.
  • the features of claim 11 additionally enable an extended optimization of the usual target values for the climate within the chambers in the Course of drying from aspects such as total energy requirement, temporal dependence of the available heating power, heating and electricity costs, drying time (associated with this: degree of utilization of the chamber and amortization), drying quality and others.
  • energy can be recovered from the desiccant to be removed by heat exchange.
  • air humidity is condensed, part of the evaporation energy is recovered.
  • the liquid condensate is led outside.
  • the supply air for a chamber which consists of any mixture of fresh air and exhaust air from other chambers, can be heated, if necessary, before it reaches the chamber within the connecting channels.
  • the heat exchanger can also be assigned to a heat pump.
  • the heating power of the additional register can be suitably metered in simple follow-up control.
  • Three identical drying chambers A, B and C are arranged directly next to each other. Between the drying chambers A and R there is a partition 1 common to both chambers and between the drying chambers B and C a partition 1a shared by both drying chambers.
  • the side walls of the drying chambers A, B and C are designated by 2, 3 and 2a, 3a and 2b, 3b and the two end walls of the drying device by 20 and 20a.
  • the three drying chambers A, B and C are connected to one another by means of two connecting channels 4, 5, each with a rectangular cross section, which have a common intermediate wall 6 and which are arranged on the top by ceilings 7 of the drying chambers A, B, C and within the drying chambers orderly false ceilings 8, 8a and 8b are limited, so that no special channel walls are needed for this.
  • the outer walls of the two connecting channels 4, 5 preferably form a square when viewed in cross section.
  • the intermediate ceilings 8, 8a and 8b are narrower than the respective chambers in order to enable desiccant circulation in each of the chambers.
  • the intermediate wall 6 can consist of a good heat-conducting material and can be provided with heat-transferring ribs.
  • Chamber A is assigned two heating registers 9, 10 and four fans 11 to 14, each reversible in their direction of rotation and arranged in one plane.
  • the two respective inner fans 12, 13 are located directly next to the assigned connecting duct 4 and 5.
  • the chambers ⁇ and C are configured identically. The same parts are given the reference numerals a and b.
  • the arrows assigned to the fans 12, 12b, 13, 13b each show their current conveying direction.
  • the connecting channels 4 have rectangular flaps 15, 15a and 15b on the side of the fans 12, 12a and 12b assigned to them.
  • the flaps have a width that corresponds approximately to the simple, but at least 0.5 times the diameter of the assigned fan.
  • the flaps are either open as the flaps 15 and 15b, so that pressure medium is conveyed from the associated fan 12 from the chamber A into the connecting duct 4 and desiccant is conveyed from the connecting duct 4 into the drying chamber C by means of the associated fan 12b or closed like the flap 15a.
  • the channel 5 also has the flaps 16, 16a and 16b assigned to the fans 13, 13a and 13b, of which the flaps 16 and 16b are open and the flap 16a is closed, so that pressure medium conveyed into the drying chamber C by means of the fan 13b in the connecting duct 5 is conveyed and is conveyed from the duct into the drying chamber A by means of the fan 13.
  • the flaps 15, 15a and 15b and 16, 16a and 16b With the specified position of the flaps 15, 15a and 15b and 16, 16a and 16b, one of the fans 12, 12a, 12b and 13, 13a, 13b can be sufficient to promote the desiccant between the chambers A and C.
  • flaps 17 and 17b can be provided in the intermediate wall 6 for connecting the connecting channels 4 and 5.
  • the connecting duct 5 can be closed on the end wall 20 by a flap 18 or connected to the outside air and the connecting duct 4 on the end wall 20a side by means of a flap 18b.
  • a heating register 19 is provided in the connection channel 4 in the area of the Heinz register 9a and a heating register 19a in the connection channel 5. If the induction ducts 4, 5 become supply air and drainage ducts, the heating registers 19, 19a can be dimensioned relatively short in the event of condensation of air humidity on the intermediate wall 6.
  • the two heating registers 19, 19a are preferably located in one plane and in one plane with one of the heating registers 9a, 9b or one of the partitions 1, la.
  • the flaps 17, 17b are directly adjacent to the heating register 19, 19a, with the pivot axes of the flaps 17th , 17b are each facing away from the heating registers 19, 19a.
  • One of the heating registers 19, 19a can also be a heat exchanger for a heat pump.
  • the partition 6 can be flat or structured, e.g. wavy, ribbed or the like., Be formed.
  • the fans 11 to 14, 11a to 14a and 11b to 14b, the flaps 15, lSa, 15b, 16, 16a, 16b, 17, 17b and 18, 18b are the drying program for the drying program in the drying chambers A, B and C sawn timber to be dried, if necessary, controlled accordingly.
  • a flap 15, 15a or 15b and 16, 16a or 16b is assigned to each of the fans 12, 12a, 12b and 13, 13a or 13b assigned to the connecting channels 4, 5. It is also possible to assign each of these fans two flaps of essentially the same size, one on each side, the flaps assigned to one of the fans being separated from one another by its level. At least one of the flaps assigned to each fan is closed.
  • the drying device described above is advantageously controlled by means of a computer.
  • the decision as to whether one of the drying chambers A, B, C as the drying agent is supplied with the drying agent located in another drying chamber is made depending on the drying program.
  • the climate values of the outside air can be taken into account.
  • the exemplary embodiment described relates to a drying device with so-called longitudinally charged drying chambers.
  • the invention can also be applied to cross-loaded drying chambers in which fans of drying chambers arranged side by side lie in one plane and two are straight and in connection channels located in the immediate vicinity of fans would hinder or make impossible the circulation of drying agents within the drying chambers.
  • the connecting channels are passed between the fans in the same manner as the exemplary embodiment described.
  • transverse ducts which are guided at right angles thereto must be provided to connect the connecting ducts in the individual cross-loading drying chambers. so that the connecting ducts are arranged in a drying device with cross-loaded drying chambers, for example in the manner of the graphical representation of an electrical square wave of an alternating hopper.
  • the invention can also be applied to a drying device with a different number of drying chambers.
  • the two connecting channels 104, 105 are arranged above the fans 11a to 14a and each have a width that is more than half the width of the drying chambers.
  • the ceiling 7 of the drying chamber is at the same time a wall on the top of the channels 104 and 105 and the upper parts of the side walls are at the same time a wall of the connecting channels 104 and 105, respectively.
  • These are separated from one another by a vertical partition 6, which is parallel to the axes the fan 11a to 14a runs.
  • the flaps 115 and 116 articulated on the lower walls of the connecting channels 104, 105 can be opened downward and maintain this position in the open position because of their own weight.
  • An intermediate ceiling 8 is located below the fans 12a to 14a.
  • the flaps 115, 116 are assigned to the fans 12a and 13a, respectively. It is also possible to make a different assignment, e.g. to assign the flaps 115, 116 to the fans 11a and 14a, respectively.
  • the two connecting channels 104 and 105 can also be arranged at a distance from one another.
  • the two connecting channels 204 and 205 are arranged directly one above the other.
  • the upper channel 204 has a connecting piece 221 passing through the channel 205, to which the flap 115 articulated on the lower wall of the connecting channel 205 is assigned.
  • the flap 115 opens or closes its mouth located at the lower wall of the lower connecting channel 205 and the flap 116 an opening adapted to this in the lower wall of the connecting channel 205.
  • the ceiling 7 of the dryer is both the upper wall of the connecting channel 204 and the upper Parts of the side walls are also the same as side walls of the connecting channels 204, 205.
  • connection channels 304 and 305 are arranged below the fans 11a to 14a.
  • the false ceiling 8 also forms the lower wall of the two connecting channels 304 and 305, which are separated from one another by a vertical intermediate wall 6.
  • the flaps 115 and 116 are assigned to the fans 12a and 13a and are each articulated on the top of the assigned connecting duct.
  • the connecting channels can also be divided horizontally, the lower connecting channel having an upwardly extending connecting piece corresponding to the connecting piece 221 (FIGS. 6 and 7). If the connecting channels are subdivided horizontally, it is also possible to arrange a connecting channel directly below the ceiling 7.
  • connection channels 304 and 305 having flaps 115, 116 arranged at the top are arranged below the fans 11a to 14a and must be designed to be substantially narrower in the region of the partition walls between the individual drying chambers A, B, C or the outer walls of this chamber than in the intermediate region not to impair the circulation of the desiccant in the drying chamber too much.
  • the narrowing of the connecting channels 304 and 305 is about a third to a quarter of the width in the central region of the drying chambers. This applies independently on the type of arrangement of the partition between the connecting channels.
  • the exemplary embodiments described above are designed for the longitudinal loading of the drying chambers A, B, C parallel to the row of fans 11 to 14.
  • the second exemplary embodiment according to FIGS. 4 and 5 is suitable for transverse loading (transverse to the row of fans pivoted at a right angle relative to the fans according to FIG. 1 and arranged in one plane) if the intermediate wall 6, which also extends over all drying chambers A, B, C, connecting channels extending perpendicular to the axes of the fans is arranged.
  • FIGS. 11 to 13 The arrangement of the connecting channels 204 and 205 according to the third exemplary embodiment according to FIGS. 6 and 7 with a horizontal partition between the channels can also be provided in a transversely charged chamber, as shown in FIGS. 11 to 13.
  • the doors for loading the drying chambers Ac, Bc and Cc are, as in the other exemplary embodiments, on the side walls 3, 3a, 3b of the drying chambers.
  • FIGS. 4 and 13 each show a stack 21 of boards to be dried.
  • At least one of the connecting channels 204, 205 can also be arranged below the fans 11a to 14a. If both connecting channels are arranged below the fans 11a to 14a, the lower connecting channel needs an upwardly extending connecting piece.
  • the connecting channels 305 and 306 need not be designed to be narrowed and their total width can be equal to the width of the false ceiling.
  • the respective upper wall of the channels 304 and 305 can be curved and serve to guide the desiccant, the flaps 116 and 115 then being adapted to the upper side of the channels 304, 305.
  • the exemplary embodiments according to FIGS. 4 to 10 have flaps for outside air and in the intermediate wall separating the two connecting channels in the same way as the first exemplary embodiment. The same applies to the additional equipment in the drying chambers.
  • the flaps 15, 16 can be designed so wide that they extend in the open position over more than one fan, in particular over two or more fans. This has the advantage of a higher desiccant exchange, a higher dehumidification performance through condensation and a better mixing of the desiccants in the drying chamber.
  • the intermediate wall separating the two connecting channels can be uneven, in particular wave-shaped, and can also run obliquely in the conveying direction of the connecting channels 15, 16.

Abstract

Eine Trockenvorrichtung, insbesondere für Schnittholz, hat mindestens zwei durch mindestens eine Trennwand (1) voneinander getrennte Trockenkammern (A, B, C), mindestens einen Lüfter (11 bis 14) in jeder der Trockenkammern und mindestens zwei Verbindungskanäle (4, 5) zum gegenseitigen Verbinden der Trockenkammern, wobei jeder der Verbindungskanäle mittels Sperreinrichtungen (15, 16) drosselbar oder absperrbar ist. Um Trockenmittel in vorteilhafter Weise dort hinzuleiten, wo es gerade gebraucht wird, ist in mindestens einer durch die Verbindungskanäle miteinander verbundenen Trockenkammern dem Verbindungskanal ein Lüfter (12, 13) zugeordnet und unmittelbar neben dem Verbindungskanal angeordnet. Die Sperreinrichtung weist eine einseitig gelagerte Klappe auf, welche in geschlossenem Zustand einen Teil der Seitenwand eines der Verbindungskanäle bildet. Die Klappe ist in Förderrichtung des Lüfters unmittelbar vor diesem angeordnet und bildet in geöffnetem Zustand für das vom Lüfter geförderte Trockenmittel eine Leitfläche.A drying device, in particular for lumber, has at least two drying chambers (A, B, C) separated from one another by at least one partition (1), at least one fan (11 to 14) in each of the drying chambers and at least two connecting channels (4, 5) mutual connection of the drying chambers, wherein each of the connecting channels can be throttled or blocked by means of locking devices (15, 16). In order to guide desiccant to where it is needed, a fan (12, 13) is assigned to the connecting channel in at least one drying chamber connected to one another by the connecting channels and is arranged directly next to the connecting channel. The locking device has a flap mounted on one side, which forms a part of the side wall of one of the connecting channels in the closed state. The flap is arranged directly in front of the fan in the conveying direction and, in the open state, forms a guide surface for the desiccant conveyed by the fan.

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Trockenvorrichtung entsprechend dem Oberbegriff des Anspruches 1.The invention relates to a drying device according to the preamble of claim 1.

Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, Trockenmittel zum Zweck der Energieeinsparung in vorteilhafter Weise dort hinzuleiten, wo es gerade gebraucht wird. Diese Aufgabe wird durch die Merkmale im Kennzeichnungsteil des Anspruches 1 erfindungsgemäß gelöst. Von einer der rockenkammern kann Trockenmittel unmittelbar in die andere Trockenkammer geleitet werden. Zur Umwälzung des Trockenmittels von einer der Trockenkammern in die andere Trockenkammer kann ein Lüfter benutzt werden, der für die Umwälzung von Trockenmittel innerhalb der eigenen Trockenkammer ohnedies gebraucht wird. Das Heizregister in einer der Trockenkammern kann zum Aufheizen des in die andere Trockenkammer zu fördernden Trockenmittels benutzt werden. Bei dieser Trockenkammer kann das Heizregister vom Heizungskreislauf abgekoppelt oder mit weniger Wärme versorgt werden. Die Verbindungskanäle erfordern einen verhältnismäßig geringen Raumaufwand und können kostengünstig in bereits vorhandene Trockenkammern nachträglich eingebaut werden.The present invention has for its object to guide desiccants for the purpose of saving energy in an advantageous manner where it is needed. This object is achieved according to the invention by the features in the characterizing part of claim 1. Desiccant can be passed directly from one of the rock chambers to the other drying chamber. A fan can be used to circulate the desiccant from one of the drying chambers to the other drying chamber, which is used anyway for circulating desiccant within its own drying chamber. The heating register in one of the drying chambers can be used to heat the desiccant to be conveyed into the other drying chamber. With this drying chamber, the heating register can be disconnected from the heating circuit or supplied with less heat. The connecting channels require a relatively small amount of space and can be retrofitted inexpensively in existing drying chambers.

Die Verbindungskanale nach Anspruch 2 lieoen außerhalb von die Lüfter schneidenden waagerechten Ebenen und können deshalb auf einfache Weise verhältnismäßig breit und mit geringer Höhe ausgebildet werden. Durch die sich hierdurch ergebende Größe der Trennfläche zwischen dem Verbindungskanal und der Trockenkammer erhöht sich der Wirkungsgrad eines Wärmetausches ohne Feuchtetransport zwischen dem Verbindungskanal und einer augenblicklich am direkten Trockenmitteltausch unbeteiligten Trockenkammer. Dadurch ergibt sich der Vorteil, das in der Trockenkammer befindliche Trockenmittel durch Kondensation an Kanalwänden merklich zu entfeuchten, wobei das durch den Kanal geleitete, kühle Trockenmittel, z.B. Frischluft, die dabei anfallende Kondensationswärme aufnimmt. Die der Trockenkammer und den Verbindungskanälen gemeinsame Fläche ist verhältnismäßig groß. Zwischen längs- und querbeschickten Trockenkammern sind nur geringe bauliche Unterschiede vorhanden.The connecting channels according to claim 2 lie outside of the horizontal planes intersecting the fans and can therefore be designed in a simple manner to be relatively wide and of low height. The resulting size of the separating surface between the connecting duct and the drying chamber increases the efficiency of a heat exchange without moisture being transported between the connecting duct and a drying chamber which is currently not involved in the direct drying agent exchange. This has the advantage of noticeably dehumidifying the desiccant in the drying chamber by condensation on channel walls, the cool desiccant passed through the channel, e.g. Fresh air, which absorbs the heat of condensation. The area common to the drying chamber and the connecting channels is relatively large. There are only minor structural differences between longitudinal and cross-loaded drying chambers.

Die Merkmale nach Anspruch 3 ermöglichen eine einfache und einheitliche Bauform der Verbindungskanäle für querbeschickte und längsbeschickte Trockenkammern, ohne daß eine Behinderung der Trockenmittelumwälzung auftritt, da die Verbindungskanäle vollständig außerhalb des dafür erforderlichen Trockenmittelstroms liegen. Die Decke der Trockenkammer bildet zugleich die obere Wand der Verbindungskanäle, deren Seitenwände zum Teil durch die Seitenwände der Trockenkammer gebildet werden. Für den Transport des Trockenmittels, insbesondere Luft, können mehrere Ventilatoren nebeneinander angeordnet sein. Die Klappen werden in geöffnetem Zustand durch den Staudruck der Lüfter gegen einen mechanischen Endenschlag gedrückt. Eine an sich notwendige Verriegelung bzw. aufwendige Erhöhung des Haltemoments der Stellmotoren für die Klappen im Saugbetrieb des zugeordneten Lüfters erübrigt sich bei von oben herabhängenden, durch ihr Eigengewicht in geöffnetem Zustand bleibenden Klappen.The features of claim 3 enable a simple and uniform design of the connecting channels for cross-loaded and longitudinally charged drying chambers without the drying agent circulation being impeded, since the connecting channels are completely outside the drying agent flow required for this. The ceiling of the drying chamber also forms the upper wall of the connecting channels, the side walls of which are partly formed by the side walls of the drying chamber. For the transport of the desiccant, in particular air, several fans can be arranged side by side. In the open state, the flaps are pressed against a mechanical end stop by the back pressure of the fans. A locking, which is necessary per se, or an expensive increase in the holding torque of the servomotors for the flaps in the suction operation of the associated fan, is unnecessary in the case of flaps which hang down from above and remain open due to their own weight.

Die Merkmale nach Anspruch 4 bieten den wichtigen Vorteil einer besonders großen Wärmetauscherfläche zwischen den beiden Kanälen. Da sich nur einer der beiden Kanäle in direktem Wärmekontakt mit dem Trockenmittel in der Trockenkammer befindet, ergibt sich die Möglichkeit, die Luft einer am Trockenmitteltausch vorübergehend unbeteiligten Kammer durch den unteren Kanal entweder zu erwärmen, durch Kondensation an der Unterseite des unteren Kanals zu entfeuchten oder auch weitgehend unbeeinflußt zu lassen.The features of claim 4 offer the important advantage of a particularly large heat exchanger area between the two channels. Since only one of the two channels is in direct thermal contact with the desiccant in the drying chamber, there is the possibility of either heating the air of a chamber temporarily uninvolved in the desiccant exchange through the lower duct, dehumidifying it by condensation on the underside of the lower duct or also leaving it largely unaffected.

Eine Bauform entsprechend den Merkmalen des Anspruches 6 hat den Vorteil einer höheren Strömungsgeschwindigkeit des Trockenmittels im Verbindungskanal, wodurch sich eine höhere Entfeuchtungsleistung durch Kondensation, ein rascherer Trockenmittelaustausch und eine bessere Durchmischung des in der Trockenkammer befindlichen Trockenmittels ergibt. Die Breite der Klappen kann so ausgelegt sein, daß einer Klappe zwei oder mehr Lüfter zugeordnet sind.A design according to the features of claim 6 has the advantage of a higher flow rate of the desiccant in the connecting channel, which results in a higher dehumidification performance through condensation, a faster desiccant exchange and better mixing of the desiccant in the drying chamber. The width of the flaps can be designed so that two or more fans are assigned to a flap.

Mit Hilfe der Merkmale des Anspruches 7 läßt sich bei geeigneter Anordnung und Ausbildung der Kanaltrennwand der Wirkungsgrad des Wärmetausches zwischen den Verbindungskanälen erhöhen. Wenn von der den Lüftern am nächsten gelegenen Gesamtfläche beider Kanäle der eine Kanal schmäler als der andere Kanal ist, kann auf einen Luftstutzen verzichtet werden und doch ist nur einer der Verbindungskanäle in wesentlichem Wärmekontakt mit dem Trockenmittel der Trockenkammer.With the help of the features of claim 7, the efficiency of the heat exchange between the connecting channels can be increased with a suitable arrangement and design of the channel partition. If of the total area of both ducts closest to the fans is narrower than the other duct, an air nozzle can be dispensed with and yet only one of the connecting ducts is in substantial thermal contact with the drying agent of the drying chamber.

Durch die Merkmale nach Anspruch 8 ergeben sich folgende Vorteile:

  • Die mechanische Verbindung der Verbindungskanäle mit der Decke und/oder der Außenwand erhöht die statische Festigkeit der Trockenkammer und ermöglicht eine materialsparende Bauform der Trockenkammer. Die mechanische Verbindung der Verbindungskanäle mit der Zwischendecke kann die Aufhängevorrichtung für die Zwischendecke ganz oder teilweise ersetzen. Die Verwendung einer bereits vorhandenen Wand der Trockenkammer als Wand eines der Verbindungskanäle führt zur Werkstoffeinsparung.
The following advantages result from the features according to claim 8:
  • The mechanical connection of the connecting channels to the ceiling and / or the outer wall increases the static strength of the drying chamber and enables a material-saving design of the drying chamber. The mechanical connection of the connecting channels to the false ceiling can replace the suspension device for the false ceiling in whole or in part. The use of an existing wall of the drying chamber as the wall of one of the connecting channels leads to material savings.

Trotz Beschränkung auf zwei Verbindungskanäle nach Anspruch 9 wird bei geeigneter Anordnung der Klappen (antisymmetrisch bezüglich der Lüfterebene), auch unter Berücksichtigung der steuerungs- und trocknungstechnischen Forderung, daß alle reversierbaren Lüfter einer Kammer stets die gemeinsame Förderrichtung haben, die Anzahl der möglichen Trockenmittelaustauschvorgänge nicht eingeschränkt. Aus jeder der Trockenkammern kann unabhängig von der oder den anderen Trockenkammer(n) Abluft in einen der beiden Verbindungskanäle geleitet und gleichzeitig Zuluft aus dem anderen Verbindungskanal bezogen werden, wobei für jede der Trockenkammern zusätzlich frei gewählt werden kann, welcher der Kanäle für die Zuluft und welcher für die Abluft benutzt wird.Despite the restriction to two connecting channels according to claim 9, with a suitable arrangement of the flaps (antisymmetric with respect to the fan level), also taking into account the control and drying requirements that all reversible fans in one chamber always have the same conveying direction, the number of possible desiccant exchange processes is not restricted . From each of the drying chambers, independent of the other drying chamber (s), exhaust air can be directed into one of the two connecting channels and at the same time supply air can be drawn from the other connecting channel, it being additionally possible for each of the drying chambers to freely choose which of the channels for the supply air and which is used for the exhaust air.

Durch die in Anspruch 10 beanspruchte Anordnung von Klappen mit steuerbarem Offnungswinkel zum Verbinden eines der oder beider Verbindungskanäle mit der Außenluft können die üblichen Luftklappen in den Außenwänden der Trockenkammern entfallen. Die Steuereinrichtungen für die Klappen werden vereinfacht. Beim Trockenmittelaustausch zwischen den einzelnen Kammern über die Verbindungskanäle kann Frischluft beigemischt und ein Teil des Trockenmittels aus mindestens einer der Kammern kann ins Freie geleitet werden. Der übliche Austausch von Trockenmittel zwischen jeweils einer Kammer und der Außenluft ist ebenfalls möglich.Due to the arrangement of flaps with controllable opening angle for connecting one or both connecting channels to the outside air, the usual air flaps in the outer walls of the drying chambers can be omitted. The control devices for the flaps are simplified. When desiccant is exchanged between the individual chambers via the connecting channels, fresh air can be added and part of the desiccant from at least one of the chambers can be discharged outdoors. The usual exchange of desiccant between each chamber and the outside air is also possible.

Die Anwendung der Merkmale des Anspruchesll erübrigen die aufwendige und ungenaue Abschätzung für die Steuerung der Außenluftklappen. Mit einem ohnehin verwendeten Prozeßrechner lassen sich unter Berücksichtigung der Außenklimawerte (Temperatur, Lufifeuchre) bei allen gegebenen Kammerzuständen geeignete Sollwerte für den öffnungswinkel der Außenluftklappen während des Lufttauschs verschiedener Kammern berechnen bzw. optimieren.The application of the features of claim 1 eliminates the time-consuming and imprecise assessment for controlling the outside air flaps. With a process computer that is used anyway, suitable setpoints for the opening angle of the outside air flaps during the air exchange of different chambers can be calculated or optimized, taking into account the outside climate values (temperature, air humidifier) in all given chamber conditions.

Die Merkmale des Anspruches 11ermöglichen zusätzlich eine erweiterte Optimierung der üblichen Sollwerte für das Klima innerhalb der Kammern im Verlauf einer Trocknung unter Gesichtspunkten wie Gesarmtnergiebedarf, zeitliche Abhängigkeit der zur Verfugung stehenden Heizleistung, Heizungs-und Stromkosten, Trocknungsdauer (damit verbunden: Nutzungsgrad der Kammer und Amortisation), Trocknungsqualität u.a..The features of claim 11 additionally enable an extended optimization of the usual target values for the climate within the chambers in the Course of drying from aspects such as total energy requirement, temporal dependence of the available heating power, heating and electricity costs, drying time (associated with this: degree of utilization of the chamber and amortization), drying quality and others.

Unter Verwendung der Merkmale des Anspruches 14 kann Energie aus dem abzuführenden Trockenmittel durch Wärmetausch zurückgewonnen werden. Bei der Kondensation von Luftfeuchtigkeit wird ein Teil der Verdampfungsenergie zurückgewonnen. Das flüssige Kondensat wird nach außen geleitet.Using the features of claim 14, energy can be recovered from the desiccant to be removed by heat exchange. When air humidity is condensed, part of the evaporation energy is recovered. The liquid condensate is led outside.

Mit einem als Heizregister ausgebildeten Wärmetauscher kann nacl Anspruch 12 innerhalb der Verbindungskanäle die Zuluft für eine Kammer, die aus einer beliebigen Mischung von Frischluft und von Abluft anderer Kammern besteht, falls erforderlich erwärmt werden, ehe sie in die Kammer gelangt. Der Wärmetauscher kann auch einer Wärmepumpe zugeordnet sein.With a heat exchanger designed as a heating register, the supply air for a chamber, which consists of any mixture of fresh air and exhaust air from other chambers, can be heated, if necessary, before it reaches the chamber within the connecting channels. The heat exchanger can also be assigned to a heat pump.

Mit Hilfe mindestens einer Klimameßstelle in jedem der beiden Kanäle nach Anspruch 13 läßt sich die Heizleistung des Zusatzregisters in einfacher Folgeregelung geeignet dosieren. Die hierbei bestehende Möglichkeit der direkten Feuchtebestimmung einer in den Kanälen enthaltenen beliebigen Mischung aus Abluft verschiedener Kammern und Frischluft vereinfacht das Programm für die Klappensteuerung.With the help of at least one climate measuring point in each of the two channels according to claim 1 3, the heating power of the additional register can be suitably metered in simple follow-up control. The existing possibility of direct moisture determination of any mixture of exhaust air from different chambers and fresh air contained in the ducts simplifies the program for the damper control.

Weitere Vorteile ergeben sich aus den übrigen Ansprüchen, der Beschreibung und der Zeichnung. In dieser sind Trockenvorrichtungen als Ausführungsbeispiele des Gegenstandes der Erfindung schematisch dargestellt. Es zeigen

  • Fig. 1 einen Schnitt nach Linie I-I in Figur 2 durch das Ausführungsbeispiel nach dem Hauptpatent,
  • Fig. 2 und 3 jeweils einen Schnitt nach den Linien II-II bzw. III-III in Figur 1, wobei die Fig. 2 um einen Winkel von 90° entgegen der Drehrichtung des Uhrzeigers geschwenkt dargestellt ist.
  • Fig. 4 eine Darstellung entsprechend Figur 2 bei einem zweiten Ausführungsbeispiel,
  • Fig. 5 eine Darstellung entsprechend Figur 3 ebenfalls beim zweiten Ausführungsbeispiel,
  • Fig. 6 und 7 jeweils eine Darstellung entsprechend den Fig. 2 und 3 bei einem dritten Ausführungsbeispiel,
  • Fig. 8 und 9 jeweils eine Darstellung entsprechend den Figuren 2 und 3 bei einem vierten Ausführungsbeispiel,
  • Fig. 10 einen Schnitt nach Linie X-X in Fig. 8.
  • Fig. 11 einen Schnitt nach Linie XI-XI in Fig. 13 bei einem fünften Ausführungsbeispiel,
  • Fig. 12 und 13 je einen Schnitt nach Linie XII-XII bzw. XIII-XIII in Fig. 11.
Further advantages result from the remaining claims, the description and the drawing. In this drying devices are shown schematically as exemplary embodiments of the subject matter of the invention. Show it
  • 1 shows a section along line II in FIG. 2 through the embodiment according to the main patent,
  • 2 and 3 each show a section along the lines II-II and III-III in Figure 1, wherein Fig. 2 is shown pivoted by an angle of 90 ° counter to the direction of rotation of the clock.
  • 4 shows a representation corresponding to FIG. 2 in a second exemplary embodiment,
  • 5 shows a representation corresponding to FIG. 3, likewise in the second exemplary embodiment,
  • 6 and 7 each show a representation corresponding to FIGS. 2 and 3 in a third embodiment,
  • 8 and 9 are each a representation corresponding to Figures 2 and 3 in a fourth embodiment,
  • 10 shows a section along line XX in FIG. 8.
  • 11 shows a section along line XI-XI in FIG. 13 in a fifth exemplary embodiment,
  • 12 and 13 each a section along line XII-XII and XIII-XIII in Fig. 11th

Drei gleich ausgebildete Trockenkammern A, B und C sind unmittelbar nebeneinander angeordnet. Zwischen den Trockenkammern A und R befindet sich eine beiden Kammern gemeinsame Trennwand 1 und zwischen den Trockenkammern B und C eine beiden Trockenkammern gemeinsame Trennwand la. Die Seitenwände der Trockenkammern A, B und C sind mit 2, 3 bzw. 2a, 3a bzw. 2b, 3b bezeichnet und die beiden Stirnwände der Trockenvorrichtung mit 20 bzw. 20a. Die drei Trockenkammern A, B und C sind mittels zweier im Querschnitt jeweils rechteckiger Verbindungskanäle 4, 5 miteinander verbunden, die eine gemeinsame Zwischenwand 6 haben und die auf ihrer Oberseite durch Decken 7 der Trockenkammern A, B, C und durch innerhalb der Trockenkammern angeordnete Zwischendecken 8, 8a bzw. 8b begrenzt sind, so daß hierfür keine besonderen Kanalwände gebraucht werden. Die Außenwände der beiden Verbindungskanäle 4, 5 bilden im Querschnitt gesehen vorzugsweise ein Quadrat. Die Zwischendecken 8, 8a und 8b sind schmäler als die jeweiligen Kammern, um eine Trockenmittelumwälzung in jeder der Kammern zu ermöglichen. Die Zwischenwand 6 kann aus einem gut wärmeleitenden Werkstoff bestehen und mit Wärme übertragenden Rippen versehen sein.Three identical drying chambers A, B and C are arranged directly next to each other. Between the drying chambers A and R there is a partition 1 common to both chambers and between the drying chambers B and C a partition 1a shared by both drying chambers. The side walls of the drying chambers A, B and C are designated by 2, 3 and 2a, 3a and 2b, 3b and the two end walls of the drying device by 20 and 20a. The three drying chambers A, B and C are connected to one another by means of two connecting channels 4, 5, each with a rectangular cross section, which have a common intermediate wall 6 and which are arranged on the top by ceilings 7 of the drying chambers A, B, C and within the drying chambers orderly false ceilings 8, 8a and 8b are limited, so that no special channel walls are needed for this. The outer walls of the two connecting channels 4, 5 preferably form a square when viewed in cross section. The intermediate ceilings 8, 8a and 8b are narrower than the respective chambers in order to enable desiccant circulation in each of the chambers. The intermediate wall 6 can consist of a good heat-conducting material and can be provided with heat-transferring ribs.

Der Kammer A sind zwei Heizregister 9, 10 und vier in ihrer Drehrichtung jeweils umkehrbare und in einer Ebene angeordnete Lüfter 11 bis 14 zugeordnet. Die beiden jeweils inneren Lüfter 12, 13 befinden sich unmittelbar neben dem zugeordneten Verbindungskanal 4 bzw. 5. Die Kammern β und C sind gleich ausgestaltet. Die jeweils gleichen Teile sind mit dem Bezugszeichen a bzw. b versehen. Die den Lüftern 12, 12b, 13, 13b zugeordneten Pfeile zeigen jeweils deren augenblickliche Förderrichtung an.Chamber A is assigned two heating registers 9, 10 and four fans 11 to 14, each reversible in their direction of rotation and arranged in one plane. The two respective inner fans 12, 13 are located directly next to the assigned connecting duct 4 and 5. The chambers β and C are configured identically. The same parts are given the reference numerals a and b. The arrows assigned to the fans 12, 12b, 13, 13b each show their current conveying direction.

Die Verbindunbskanäle 4 haben auf seiten der ihnen zugeordneten Lüfter 12, 12a und 12b rechteckige Klappen 15, 15a bzw. 15b. Die Klappen haben eine Breite, die etwa dem ein-fachen, mindestens aber dem 0,5- fachen des Durchmessers des zugeordneten Lüfters entspricht. Die Klappen sind entweder geöffnet wie die Klappen 15 und 15b, so daß vom zugeordneten Lüfter 12 Druckmittel aus der Kammer A in den Verbindungskanal 4 gefördert und mittels des zugeordneten Lüfters 12b Trockenmittel aus dem Verbindungskanal 4 in die Trockenkammer C gefördert wird oder geschlossen wie die Klappe 15a. Der Kanal 5 hat ebenfalls den Lüftern 13, 13a und 13b zugeordnete Klappen 16, 16a bzw. 16b, von denen die Klappen 16 und 16b geöffnet sind und die Klappe 16a geschlossen ist, so daß in die Trockenkammer C gefördertes Druckmittel mittels des Lüfters 13b in den Verbindungskanal 5 gefördert und mittels des Lüfters 13 aus diesem Kanal in die Trockenkammer A gefördert wird. Bei der angegebenen Stellung der Klappen 15, 15a und 15b sowie 16, 16a und 16b kann einer der Lüfter 12, 12a, 12b und 13, 13a, 13b zu der erwähnten Förderung von Trockenmittel zwischen den Kammern A und C ausreichen.The connecting channels 4 have rectangular flaps 15, 15a and 15b on the side of the fans 12, 12a and 12b assigned to them. The flaps have a width that corresponds approximately to the simple, but at least 0.5 times the diameter of the assigned fan. The flaps are either open as the flaps 15 and 15b, so that pressure medium is conveyed from the associated fan 12 from the chamber A into the connecting duct 4 and desiccant is conveyed from the connecting duct 4 into the drying chamber C by means of the associated fan 12b or closed like the flap 15a. The channel 5 also has the flaps 16, 16a and 16b assigned to the fans 13, 13a and 13b, of which the flaps 16 and 16b are open and the flap 16a is closed, so that pressure medium conveyed into the drying chamber C by means of the fan 13b in the connecting duct 5 is conveyed and is conveyed from the duct into the drying chamber A by means of the fan 13. With the specified position of the flaps 15, 15a and 15b and 16, 16a and 16b, one of the fans 12, 12a, 12b and 13, 13a, 13b can be sufficient to promote the desiccant between the chambers A and C.

Im Bereich der Trockenkammern A und B können Klappen 17 und 17b in der Zwischenwand 6 zur Verbindung der Verbindungskanäle 4 und 5 vorgesehen sein. Der Verbindungskanal 5 kann an der Stirnwand 20 durch eine Klappe 18 geschlossen oder mit der Außenluft verbunden sein und der Verbindungskanal 4 auf seiten der Stirnwand 20a mittels einer Klappe 18b. Innerhalb des Verbindungskanals 4 ist im Bereich des Heinzreigisters 9a ein Heizregister 19 vorgesehen und im Verbindungskanal 5 ein Heizregister 19a. Werden die Ver-Indungskanäle 4, 5 zu Zuluft- und Ablultkanälen, so können bei Kondensation von Luftfeuchtigkeit an der Zwischenwand 6 die Heizregister 19, 19a verhältnismäßig knapp bemessen werden. Vorzugsweise liegen die beiden Heizregister 19, 19a in einer Ebene und in einer Ebene mit einem der Heizregister 9a, 9b oder einer der Trennwände 1, la, Die Klappen 17, 17b sind dem Heizregister 19, 19a unmittelbar benachbart, wobei die Schwenkachsen der Klappen 17, 17b jeweils von den Heizregistern 19, 19a abgewandt sind. Eines der Heizregister 19, 19a kann auch ein Wärmetauscher für eine Wärmepumpe sein.In the area of the drying chambers A and B, flaps 17 and 17b can be provided in the intermediate wall 6 for connecting the connecting channels 4 and 5. The connecting duct 5 can be closed on the end wall 20 by a flap 18 or connected to the outside air and the connecting duct 4 on the end wall 20a side by means of a flap 18b. A heating register 19 is provided in the connection channel 4 in the area of the Heinz register 9a and a heating register 19a in the connection channel 5. If the induction ducts 4, 5 become supply air and drainage ducts, the heating registers 19, 19a can be dimensioned relatively short in the event of condensation of air humidity on the intermediate wall 6. The two heating registers 19, 19a are preferably located in one plane and in one plane with one of the heating registers 9a, 9b or one of the partitions 1, la. The flaps 17, 17b are directly adjacent to the heating register 19, 19a, with the pivot axes of the flaps 17th , 17b are each facing away from the heating registers 19, 19a. One of the heating registers 19, 19a can also be a heat exchanger for a heat pump.

Die Zwischenwand 6 kann eben oder strukturiert, z.B. wellenförmig, gerippt oder dgl., ausgebildet sein.The partition 6 can be flat or structured, e.g. wavy, ribbed or the like., Be formed.

Die Lüfter 11 bis 14, 11a bis 14a und 11b bis 14b, die Klappen 15, lSa, 15b, 16, 16a, 16b, 17, 17b und 18, 18b werden mittels einer nicht dargestellten Steuereinrichtung dem Trocknungsprogramm für das in den Trockenkammern A, B und C gegebenenfalls zu trocknende Schnittholz entsprechend gesteuert. Das gleiche gilt für die Versorgung der Heizregister 9, 9a, 9b, 10, 10a, 10b, 19 und 19a.The fans 11 to 14, 11a to 14a and 11b to 14b, the flaps 15, lSa, 15b, 16, 16a, 16b, 17, 17b and 18, 18b are the drying program for the drying program in the drying chambers A, B and C sawn timber to be dried, if necessary, controlled accordingly. The same applies to the supply of heating registers 9, 9a, 9b, 10, 10a, 10b, 19 and 19a.

Beim Ausführungsbeispiel ist jedem der den Verbindungskanälen 4, 5 zugeordneten Lüfter 12, 12a, 12b und 13, 13a bzw. 13b jeweils eine Klappe 15, 15a bzw. 15b und 16, 16a bzw. 16b zugeordnet. Es ist auch möglich, jedem dieser Lüfter zwei im wesentlichen gleich große Klappen und zwar jeweils eine auf einer der Seiten zuzuordnen, wobei die einem der Lüfter zugeordneten Klappen jeweils durch dessen Ebene voneinander getrennt sind. Mindestens eine der jedem Lüfter zugeordneten Klappen ist geschlossen.In the exemplary embodiment, a flap 15, 15a or 15b and 16, 16a or 16b is assigned to each of the fans 12, 12a, 12b and 13, 13a or 13b assigned to the connecting channels 4, 5. It is also possible to assign each of these fans two flaps of essentially the same size, one on each side, the flaps assigned to one of the fans being separated from one another by its level. At least one of the flaps assigned to each fan is closed.

Die vorbeschriebene Trockenvorrichtung wird in vorteilhafter Weise mittels eines Computers gesteuert. Die Entscheidung, ob einer der Trockenkammern A, B, C als Trockenmittel das in einer anderen Trockenkammer befindliche Trockenmittel zugeführt wird, wird abhängig von dem Trocknungsprogramm getroffen. Zugleich lassen sich die Klimawerte der Außenluft berücksichtigen.The drying device described above is advantageously controlled by means of a computer. The decision as to whether one of the drying chambers A, B, C as the drying agent is supplied with the drying agent located in another drying chamber is made depending on the drying program. At the same time, the climate values of the outside air can be taken into account.

Das beschriebene Ausführungsbeispiel betrifft eine Trockenvorrichtung mit sogenannten längsbeschickten Trockenkammern. Die Erfindung läßt sich auch bei querbeschickten Trockenkammern anwenden, bei denen Lüfter nebeneinander angeordneter Trockenkammern in einer Ebene liegen und zwei gerade und in unmittelbarer Nähe von Lüftern befindlicheVerbindungskanäle die Umwälzung von Trockunmitteln innerhalb der Trockenkammern behindern oder unmöglich machen würde. Bei einer querbeschitkten Trockenkammer werden die Verbindungskanäle in geicher Weise wie bein beschriebenen Ausfuhrungsbeispiel zwischen den Luftern hindurch geführt. Da aber bei einer querbeschickten Trockenkammer die Lüfteranordnung und damit auch die Verbindungskanäle in dieser Kammer gegen- übei eine längsbechickten Trockenkammmer um einen Winkel von 90° geschwenkt sind, müssen zur Verbindung der Verbindungskanäile in den einzelnen querbeschickten Trockenkammern im rechten Winkel dazu geführte Querkanäle vorgesehen werden, so daß die Verbindungsknäle bei einer Trockenvorrichtung mit querbeschickten Trockenkammern z.B. nach Art der graphischen Darstellung einer elektrischen Rechteckschwingung eines Wechsetrichters angeordnet sind.The exemplary embodiment described relates to a drying device with so-called longitudinally charged drying chambers. The invention can also be applied to cross-loaded drying chambers in which fans of drying chambers arranged side by side lie in one plane and two are straight and in connection channels located in the immediate vicinity of fans would hinder or make impossible the circulation of drying agents within the drying chambers. In a cross-coated drying chamber, the connecting channels are passed between the fans in the same manner as the exemplary embodiment described. However, since in a cross-loaded drying chamber the fan arrangement and thus also the connecting ducts in this chamber are pivoted by an angle of 90 ° with respect to a longitudinally loaded drying chamber, transverse ducts which are guided at right angles thereto must be provided to connect the connecting ducts in the individual cross-loading drying chambers. so that the connecting ducts are arranged in a drying device with cross-loaded drying chambers, for example in the manner of the graphical representation of an electrical square wave of an alternating hopper.

Die Erfindung läßt sich auch bei einer Trockenvorrichtung mit einer anderen Anzahl von Trockenkammern anwenden.The invention can also be applied to a drying device with a different number of drying chambers.

Bei den übrigen Ausführungsbeispielen sind gleiche Teile mit gleichen Bezugszeichen versehen.In the other exemplary embodiments, the same parts are provided with the same reference symbols.

Beim zweiten Ausführungsbeispiel nach den Figuren 4 und 5 sind die beiden Verbindungskanäle 104, 105 oberhalb der Lüfter 11a bis 14a angeordnet und reichen in ihrer Breite jeweils über eine Hälfte der Breite der Trockenkammern. Die Decke 7 der Trockenkammer ist zugleich eine Wand auf der Oberseite der Kanäle 104 und 105 und die oberen Teile der Seitenwände sind zugleich jeweils eine Wand der Verbindungskanäle 104 bzw. 105. Diese sind durch eine lotrechte Zwischenwand 6 voneinander getrennt, die parallel zu den Achsen der Lüfter 11a bis 14a verläuft. Die an den unteren Wänden der Verbindungskanäle 104, 105 angelenkten Klappen 115 und 116 sind nach unten öffenbar und behalten in geöffneter Lage wegen ihres Eigengewichts diese Lage jeweils bei. Unterhalb der Lüfter 12a bis 14a befindet sich eine Zwischendecke 8. Die Klappen 115, 116 sind den Lüftern 12a bzw. 13a zugeordnet. Es ist auch möglich, eine andere Zuordnung zu treffen, z.B. die Klappen 115, 116 den Lüftern 11a bzw. 14a zuzuordnen.In the second exemplary embodiment according to FIGS. 4 and 5, the two connecting channels 104, 105 are arranged above the fans 11a to 14a and each have a width that is more than half the width of the drying chambers. The ceiling 7 of the drying chamber is at the same time a wall on the top of the channels 104 and 105 and the upper parts of the side walls are at the same time a wall of the connecting channels 104 and 105, respectively. These are separated from one another by a vertical partition 6, which is parallel to the axes the fan 11a to 14a runs. The flaps 115 and 116 articulated on the lower walls of the connecting channels 104, 105 can be opened downward and maintain this position in the open position because of their own weight. An intermediate ceiling 8 is located below the fans 12a to 14a. The flaps 115, 116 are assigned to the fans 12a and 13a, respectively. It is also possible to make a different assignment, e.g. to assign the flaps 115, 116 to the fans 11a and 14a, respectively.

Die beiden Verbindungskanäle 104 und 105 können auch mit Abstand voneinander angeordnet sein.The two connecting channels 104 and 105 can also be arranged at a distance from one another.

Beim dritten Ausführungsbeispiel nach den Figuren 6 und 7 sind die beiden Verbindungskanäle 204 und 205 unmittelbar übereinander angeordnet. Der obere Kanal 204 hat einen den Kanal 205 durchsetzenden Anschlußstutzen 221, welchem die an der unteren Wand des Verbindungskanals 205 angelenkte Klappe 115 zugeordnet ist. Die Klappe 115 öffnet oder schließt dessen in Höhe der unteren Wand des unteren Verbindungskanals 205 befindliche Mündung und die Klappe 116 eine dieser angepaßte Öffnung in der unteren Wand des Verbindungskanals 205. Die Decke 7 des Trockners ist zugleich die obere Wand des Verbindungskanals 204 und die oberen Teile der Seitenwände sind ebenfalls gleich Seitenwände der Verbindungskanäle 204, 205.In the third exemplary embodiment according to FIGS. 6 and 7, the two connecting channels 204 and 205 are arranged directly one above the other. The upper channel 204 has a connecting piece 221 passing through the channel 205, to which the flap 115 articulated on the lower wall of the connecting channel 205 is assigned. The flap 115 opens or closes its mouth located at the lower wall of the lower connecting channel 205 and the flap 116 an opening adapted to this in the lower wall of the connecting channel 205. The ceiling 7 of the dryer is both the upper wall of the connecting channel 204 and the upper Parts of the side walls are also the same as side walls of the connecting channels 204, 205.

Bei der Vorrichtung nach den Figuren 8 bis 10 sind die Verbindungskanäle 304 und 305 ünterhalb der Lüfter lla bis 14a angeordnet. Die Zwischendecke 8 bildet zugleich die untere Wand der beiden Verbindungskanäle 304 und 305, welche durch eine lotrechte Zwischenwand 6 voneinander getrennt sind. Die Klappen 115 und 116 sind den Lüftern 12a bzw. 13a zugeordnet und sind jeweils an der Oberseite des zugeordneten Verbindungskanals angelenkt. Die Verbindungskanäle können auch waagerecht unterteilt sein, wobei der untere Verbindungskanal einen nach oben reichenden Anschlußstutzen entsprechend dem Anschlußstutzen 221 (Fig. 6 und 7) hat. Bei waagerechter Unterteilung der Verbindungskanäle ist es auch möglich, einen Verbindungskanal unmittelbar unterhalb der Decke 7 anzuordnen. Die oben angeordnete Klappen 115, 116 aufweisenden Verbindungskanäle 304 und 305 sind unterhalb der Lüfter 11a bis 14a angeordnet und müssen im Bereich der Trennwände zwischen den einzelnen Trockenkammern A, B, C oder der Außenwände dieser Kammer wesentlich schmäler ausgebildet sein als in dem Zwischenbereich, um die Umwälzung des Trockenmittels in der Trockenkammer nicht zu stark zu beeinträchtigen. Die Verengung der Verbindungskanäle 304 und 305 beträgt etwa ein Drittel bis ein Viertel der Breite im mittleren Bereich der Trockenkammern. Dies gilt unabhängig von der Art der Anordnung der Zwischenwand zwischen den Verbindungskanälen.In the device according to FIGS. 8 to 10, the connection channels 304 and 305 are arranged below the fans 11a to 14a. The false ceiling 8 also forms the lower wall of the two connecting channels 304 and 305, which are separated from one another by a vertical intermediate wall 6. The flaps 115 and 116 are assigned to the fans 12a and 13a and are each articulated on the top of the assigned connecting duct. The connecting channels can also be divided horizontally, the lower connecting channel having an upwardly extending connecting piece corresponding to the connecting piece 221 (FIGS. 6 and 7). If the connecting channels are subdivided horizontally, it is also possible to arrange a connecting channel directly below the ceiling 7. The connection channels 304 and 305 having flaps 115, 116 arranged at the top are arranged below the fans 11a to 14a and must be designed to be substantially narrower in the region of the partition walls between the individual drying chambers A, B, C or the outer walls of this chamber than in the intermediate region not to impair the circulation of the desiccant in the drying chamber too much. The narrowing of the connecting channels 304 and 305 is about a third to a quarter of the width in the central region of the drying chambers. This applies independently on the type of arrangement of the partition between the connecting channels.

Die vorstehend beschriebenen Ausführungsbeispiele sind für die Längsbeschickung der Trockenkammern A, B, C parallel zur Reihe der Lüfter 11 bis 14 ausgebildet. Das zweite Ausführungsbeispiel nach den Figuren 4 und 5 ist für die Querbeschickung (quer zur Reihe der gegenüber den Lüftern nach Fig. 1 um einen rechten Winkel geschwenkten und in einer Ebene angeordneten Lüfter) geeignet, wenn die Zwischenwand 6 der ebenfalls über sämtliche Trockenkammern A, B, C, reichenden Verbindungskanäle senkrecht zu den Achsen der Lüfter angeordnet wird.The exemplary embodiments described above are designed for the longitudinal loading of the drying chambers A, B, C parallel to the row of fans 11 to 14. The second exemplary embodiment according to FIGS. 4 and 5 is suitable for transverse loading (transverse to the row of fans pivoted at a right angle relative to the fans according to FIG. 1 and arranged in one plane) if the intermediate wall 6, which also extends over all drying chambers A, B, C, connecting channels extending perpendicular to the axes of the fans is arranged.

Die Anordnung der Verbindungskanäle 204 und 205 entsprechend dem dritten Ausführungsbeispiel nach den Fig. 6 und 7 mit waagerechter Zwischenwand zwischen den Kanälen, kann auch bei einer quer beschickten Kammer vorgesehen werden, wie in den Figuren 11 bis 13 dargestellt ist. Die Türen zur Beschickung der Trockenkammern Ac, Bc und Cc befinden sich wie bei den übrigen Ausführungsbeispielen an den Seitenwänden 3, 3a, 3b der Trockenkammern. In den Figuren 4 und 13 ist jeweils ein zu trocknender Stapel 21 von Brettern dargestellt.The arrangement of the connecting channels 204 and 205 according to the third exemplary embodiment according to FIGS. 6 and 7 with a horizontal partition between the channels can also be provided in a transversely charged chamber, as shown in FIGS. 11 to 13. The doors for loading the drying chambers Ac, Bc and Cc are, as in the other exemplary embodiments, on the side walls 3, 3a, 3b of the drying chambers. FIGS. 4 and 13 each show a stack 21 of boards to be dried.

Die nach unten hängenden Klappen 115, 116 werden in geöffnetem Zustand durch den Staudruck der Lüfter gegen einen mechanischen Endanschlag gedrückt. Eine an sich notwendige Verriegelung bzw. aufwendige Erhöhung des Haltemoments der Stellmotoren für die Klappen 115, 116 im Saugbetrieb des zugeordneten Lüfters erübrigt sich bei von oben herabhängenden und durch ihr Eigengewicht in geöffnetem Zustand bleibenden Klappen.In the open state, the flaps 115, 116 hanging down are pressed against a mechanical end stop by the back pressure of the fans. A locking, which is necessary per se, or an expensive increase in the holding torque of the servomotors for the flaps 115, 116 in the suction operation of the associated fan, is unnecessary in the case of flaps which hang from above and remain open due to their own weight.

Bei einer quer beschickten Trockenkammer kann auch mindestens einer der Verbindungskanäle 204, 205 unterhalb der Lüfter 11a bis 14a angeordnet sein. Sind beide Verbindungskanäle unterhalb der Lüfter 11a bis 14a angeordnet, so braucht der untere Verbindungskanal einen nach oben reichenden Verbindungsstutzen.In the case of a cross-loaded drying chamber, at least one of the connecting channels 204, 205 can also be arranged below the fans 11a to 14a. If both connecting channels are arranged below the fans 11a to 14a, the lower connecting channel needs an upwardly extending connecting piece.

Wird das vierte Ausführungsbeispiel nach den Fig. 8 bis 10 für die Querbeschickung ausgebildet, so brauchen die Verbindungskanäle 305 und 306 nicht verengt ausgebildet zu sein und ihre Gesamtbreite kann gleich der Breite der Zwischendecke sein. Bei dem für die Querbeschickung geeigneten vierten Ausführungsbeispiel nach den Figuren 8 und 9 kann die jeweils obere Wand der Kanäle 304 und 305 gewölbt ausgebildet sein und zur Trockenmittelführung dienen, wobei dann die Klappen 116 und 115 der Oberseite der Kanäle 304, 305 angepaßt sind.If the fourth exemplary embodiment according to FIGS. 8 to 10 is designed for transverse loading, the connecting channels 305 and 306 need not be designed to be narrowed and their total width can be equal to the width of the false ceiling. In the fourth exemplary embodiment according to FIGS. 8 and 9, which is suitable for the transverse loading, the respective upper wall of the channels 304 and 305 can be curved and serve to guide the desiccant, the flaps 116 and 115 then being adapted to the upper side of the channels 304, 305.

Die Ausführungsbeispiele nach den Figuren 4 bis 10 weisen in gleicher Weise Klappen zur Außenluft und in der beide Verbindungskanäle trennenden Zwischenwand auf wie das erste Ausführungsbeispiel. Das gleiche gilt für die Zusatzeinrichtungen der Trockenkammern.The exemplary embodiments according to FIGS. 4 to 10 have flaps for outside air and in the intermediate wall separating the two connecting channels in the same way as the first exemplary embodiment. The same applies to the additional equipment in the drying chambers.

Die Klappen 15, 16 können so breit ausgebildet sein, daß sie sich in offener Lage über mehr als einen Lüfter, insbesondere über zwei oder mehrere Lüfter, erstrecken. Hierdurch ergibt sich der Vorteil eines höheren Trockenmittelaustausches, einer höheren Entfeuchtungsleistung durch Kondensation und einer besseren Durchmischung der Trockenmittel in der Trockenkammer.The flaps 15, 16 can be designed so wide that they extend in the open position over more than one fan, in particular over two or more fans. This has the advantage of a higher desiccant exchange, a higher dehumidification performance through condensation and a better mixing of the desiccants in the drying chamber.

Die die beiden Verbindungskanäle trennende Zwischenwand kann uneben, insbesondere wellenförmig, ausgebildet sein und in Förderrichtung der Verbindungskanäle 15, 16 auch schräg verlaufen.The intermediate wall separating the two connecting channels can be uneven, in particular wave-shaped, and can also run obliquely in the conveying direction of the connecting channels 15, 16.

Claims (14)

1. Trockonvorrichtung, insbesondere für Schnittholz, mit mindestens zwei durch mindestens eine Trennwand (1) voneinander getrennten Trockenkammern (A, B, C), mit mindestens einem Lüfter (11 bis 14) in jeder - der Trockenkammern und mit mindestens zwei Verbindungskanälen (4, 5) zum gegenseitigen Verbinden der Trockenkammern, wobei der Innenraum jedes der Verbindungskanäle mittels Sperreinrichtungen (15, 16) nach außen absperrbar ist, dadurch gekennzeich- n e t, daß in mindestens einer der durch die Verbindungskanäle miteinander verbundenen Trockenkammern einem der Verbindungskanäle ein Lüfter (12, 13) zugeordnet und dem Verbindungskanal benachbart angeordnet ist, daß die Sperreinrichtung eine einseitig gelagerte Klappe aufweist, welche in geschlossenem Zustand Dei mindestens-einem der Verbindungskanäle einen Teil der Wand bildet, und daß die Klappe in geöffnetem Zustand für das von Lüfter geförderte Trockenmittel eine Leitfläche bildet.1. drying device, in particular for sawn timber, with at least two drying chambers (A, B, C) separated from one another by at least one partition (1), with at least one fan (11 to 14) in each of the drying chambers and with at least two connecting channels (4 , 5) for mutually connecting the drying chambers, the interior of each of the connecting channels being able to be shut off from the outside by means of locking devices (15, 16), characterized in that in at least one of the drying chambers connected to one another by the connecting channels, a fan (12 , 13) and the connection channel is arranged adjacent that the locking device has a flap mounted on one side, which in the closed state Dei forms at least one of the connection channels part of the wall, and that the flap in the open state for the desiccant-conveyed desiccant Guiding surface forms. 2. Trockenvorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch ge- kennzeichnet, daß die Verbindungskanäle einerseits und die den Verbindungskanälen zugeordneten Lüfter andererseits in unterschiedlichen Höhen angeordnet sind.2. Drying device according to claim 1, characterized in that the connection channels on the one hand and the fans assigned to the connection channels on the other hand are arranged at different heights. 3. Trockenvorrichtung nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekenn-zeichnet, daß die Verbindungskanäle (104, 105; 204, 205) oberhalb der Lüfter (11 bis 14) anaeordnet sind und sich über die ganze Breite der Trockenkammpr (A, B, C) erstrecken. 3rd The drying apparatus of claim 2, characterized characterized labeled in, that the connecting channels (104, 105; 204, 205) above the fan (11 to 14) are anaeordnet and extend over the entire width of the dry comb p r (A, B, C) . 4. Trockenvorrichtung nach Anspruch 2, dadurch ge- kennzeichnet, daß die Verbindungskanäle (204, 205) übereinander angeordnet sind und eine gemeinsame horizontale Trennwand äufweisen. 4th Drying device according to claim 2, characterized in that the connecting channels (204, 205) are arranged one above the other and have a common horizontal partition. 5. Trockenvorrichtung nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekenn- zeichnet, daß die Verbindungskanäle unterhalb der Lüfter (11 bis 14) angeordnet sind und daß die Breite der Verbindungskanäle (304, 305) etwa gleich der Breite der Zwischendecke (8) ist. 5 . Drying device according to claim 2, characterized in that the connecting channels are arranged below the fans (11 to 14) and that the width of the connecting channels (304, 305) is approximately equal to the width of the false ceiling (8). 6. Trockenvorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Breite der Klappen (15, 16) größer als der Durchmesser eines der Lüfter (11 bis 14) ist.6. Drying device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the width of the flaps (15, 16) is larger than the diameter of one of the fans (11 to 14). 7.. Trockenvorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die gemeinsame Trennwand der Verbindungskanäle mindestens teilweise schräg verläuft.7 .. Drying device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the common partition of the connecting channels extends at least partially at an angle. 8 Trockenvorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die bei jeder Trockenkammer (A, B, C) ohnedies vorhandene Decke (7) und/oder Außenwand und eine eventuell ohnedies vorhandene Zwischendecke (8a) jeweils eine Wand des Verbindungskanals (4, 5) bildet bzw. bilden.8 Drying device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the ceiling (7) and / or outer wall, which is present in any drying chamber (A, B, C), and an intermediate ceiling (8a), which is in any case present, each have a wall of the connecting channel (4, 5) forms or form. 9. Trockenvorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß unabhängig von der Anzahl der Trockenkammern (A, B, C) jeweils nur zwei Verbindungskanäle (4, 5) vorgesehen sind.9. Drying device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that regardless of the number of drying chambers (A, B, C) only two connecting channels (4, 5) are provided. 18. Trockenvorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß mindestens eine. oder je eine Klappe (18, 18b) zum Verbinden eines Verbindungskanales oder beider Verbindungskanäle mit der Außenluft vorgesehen ist. 18. Drying device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one. or a flap (18, 18b) is provided for connecting a connecting duct or both connecting ducts to the outside air. 11.. Trockenvorrichtung nach Anspruch10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zum Steuern der Klappe (18, 18b) eine Außenktima meßstelle dient. 11 .. Drying device according to claim 10, characterized in that an external measuring point is used to control the flap (18, 18b). 12. Trockenvorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß mindestens einem der Verbindungskanäle (4, 5) ein Wärmetauscher (19, 19a) zugeordnet ist.12. Drying device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one of the connecting channels (4, 5) is assigned a heat exchanger (19, 19a). 13. Trockenvorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in mindestens einem der Verbindungskanäle (4, 5) vorzugsweise in beiden Verbindungskanälen eine, insbesondere je eine Klimameßstelle vorgesehen ist.13. Drying device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in at least one of the connecting channels (4, 5) preferably one, in particular one climate measuring point is provided in both connecting channels. 14. Trockenvorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch g e kennzeichnet, daß die Wand (6) zwischen zwei Verbindungskanälen (4, 5) aus gut wärmeleitendem Material besteht. 14 . Drying device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the wall (6) between two connecting channels (4, 5) consists of good heat-conducting material.
EP85107623A 1984-07-12 1985-06-20 Dryer, in particular for timber Expired EP0167899B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT85107623T ATE42392T1 (en) 1984-07-12 1985-06-20 DRYING DEVICE, ESPECIALLY FOR SAWN WOOD.

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

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DE19843425642 DE3425642C1 (en) 1984-07-12 1984-07-12 Drying device, in particular for sawn timber
DE3425642 1984-07-12
DE19843443915 DE3443915A1 (en) 1984-07-12 1984-12-01 DRYING DEVICE, IN PARTICULAR FOR WOOD
DE3443915 1984-12-01

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EP0167899A2 true EP0167899A2 (en) 1986-01-15
EP0167899A3 EP0167899A3 (en) 1986-12-30
EP0167899B1 EP0167899B1 (en) 1989-04-19

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CN109163545A (en) * 2018-09-27 2019-01-08 萍乡市金刚科技工业园有限公司 A kind of drying device and drying means of porcelain ball
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA1272019A (en) 1990-07-31
EP0167899A3 (en) 1986-12-30
DE3443915A1 (en) 1986-06-12
EP0167899B1 (en) 1989-04-19
US4753020A (en) 1988-06-28

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