EP0572062B1 - Apparatus for the treatment of agricultural and horticultural products - Google Patents

Apparatus for the treatment of agricultural and horticultural products Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0572062B1
EP0572062B1 EP93201371A EP93201371A EP0572062B1 EP 0572062 B1 EP0572062 B1 EP 0572062B1 EP 93201371 A EP93201371 A EP 93201371A EP 93201371 A EP93201371 A EP 93201371A EP 0572062 B1 EP0572062 B1 EP 0572062B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
duct
air
suction passage
chamber
suction
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EP93201371A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0572062A1 (en
Inventor
Pieter Sjoerd Tolsma
Cornelis Marten Tolsma
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TOLSMA TECHNIEK BV
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TOLSMA TECHNIEK BV
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26DRYING
    • F26BDRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B21/00Arrangements or duct systems, e.g. in combination with pallet boxes, for supplying and controlling air or gases for drying solid materials or objects
    • F26B21/02Circulating air or gases in closed cycles, e.g. wholly within the drying enclosure

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for the treatment of agricultural and horticultural products according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Such a device is known from US-A-4 257 169 and is suitable for controlling the temperature and the degree of humidity in a storage room so that products stored therein can be gradually dried and cooled.
  • the device is further provided with an inlet for ambient air. This makes it possible to save energy and consequently costs by allowing ambient air if it is compatible with the requirements which the air to be supplied to the storage room should meet.
  • the invention fulfills the object of providing a device for supplying dry and cool air to a storage room, in which the problems described above are eliminated.
  • the relatively cool air can be blown out over the stored products, so that it can be distributed well over the stored products and there can be no pipes running along the top of the stored products.
  • the air velocity will be relatively high in the area of the storage room near the intake opening.
  • the air passing there has already passed through the stored products, so that their drying and cooling effects have waned. So despite the compact construction of the system with locally concentrated suction and discharge openings, a uniformly distributed cooling and drying effect is achieved and condensation due to temperature differences between the stored products is avoided.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 show a warehouse with a storage room 1 in which boxes 2 are set up. These boxes 2 contain the agricultural and horticultural products to be stored and treated. The boxes are provided with ventilation openings (not shown) to promote air movement between the products. Only the device 4 is shown in more detail in FIGS. 3 and 4.
  • a device 4 is set up.
  • the device 4 comprises a channel 5 in which a fan 6 is arranged.
  • the device is further provided with a first intake passage 7 for the passage of air from the space 1 to the duct 5, a second intake passage 8 for the passage of air from the surroundings to the passage and with discharge passages 9, 10, 11 for the passage of air from the passage 5 to room 1.
  • the device further comprises means 12 for opening and closing the intake passages 7 and 8.
  • the heat exchanger 13 is connected to the first intake passage 7 and the blowout passages 9, 10, 11 are at a higher level than the first intake passage 7.
  • the device 4 is suitable for treating agricultural and horticultural products in a storage room 1 in order to dry and cool them, as a result of which they are well preserved for a long time when they are stored in the storage room 1.
  • the treatment includes forced ventilation with outside air to dry the products, ventilation with forced air recirculation in room 1 to achieve an even temperature distribution over the products in storage room 1, and cooling of the products.
  • cooling is carried out by forcing cool air into the room 1 at a level above the products stored in the room, and in the case of recirculation Air sucked in at a level below the level at which it is blown into the room.
  • the second intake passage 8 is closed and the first intake passage 7 is released.
  • the air is then sucked in by the fan 6 via the heat exchanger 13 and the first suction passage 7 and also blown out via the blow-out passages 9 to 11.
  • the ventilation openings 15 must then preferably be closed.
  • both the first suction passage 7 and the second suction passage 8 can be opened in order to mix air drawn in from outside and warmer ambient air.
  • the intake air be at a temperature of 4 ° C
  • the intake passages 7 and 8 are released to such an extent that two parts of air are sucked out of room 1 into one part of outside air.
  • the heat exchanger 13 By blowing out the air at a level higher than the level at which it is sucked in, the heat exchanger 13 can be arranged in a low-lying part of the storage room 1 near the first suction passage, while still cooling air is introduced into an upper part of the storage room 1 can. As a result, the heat exchanger 13 is easily accessible for cleaning and maintenance purposes and only relatively short lines for coolant and for removing condensed water are necessary.
  • the heat exchanger 13 of the device 4 is designed as an evaporator 13. This is connected via a line 16 to a capacitor (not visible in the drawing) arranged in a housing 17 outside the storage room 1. A compressor is also arranged in the housing 17. In addition to the heat given off by the condenser, heat given off by the compressor is also given off outside the storage room 1.
  • the evaporator-compressor-condenser unit can also be set up to work in the opposite direction, if necessary, for heating the storage room 1.
  • the cool air that is blown out over the products in the storage room 1 has ample opportunity to spread before it flows along the products, so that a uniform cooling of the products is achieved. This prevents the formation of condensation.
  • recirculation occurs only relatively large near the first intake passage 7 Differences in air speed. However, this leads to little temperature differences in the storage room 1, because air present near the first intake passage 7 has meanwhile flowed along the products, as a result of which their temperature differs only slightly from the temperature of the products.
  • the closely spaced blow-out passages 9 to 11 are sufficient to achieve an even distribution of air movement through space 1 because the air can easily spread over the products.
  • the device according to the invention can thus be made very compact.
  • blow-out passages 9 to 11 which are directed in different directions
  • a single blow-out passage having a width adapted to the width of the wall 3 or a plurality of blow-out passages distributed along the wall 3 or over the surface of the space 1.
  • such designs are less crowded than the embodiment shown in the drawing.
  • the device 4 When using the device 4 in a storage room as shown in the drawing, for example, no ventilation wall against which the boxes 2 are placed is required. As a result, the device 4 can also Stack of boxes are standing. The air can simply be drawn in near the floor. If necessary, the boxes can be placed at suitable locations with a space 14 in order to promote an even distribution of the air movement.
  • the means for opening and closing the intake passages 7 and 8 are designed as a changeable flap 12 which can be moved between a first and a second position and which, in the first position (see FIGS. 3 and 4), closes the first intake passage 7 and releases the second intake passage 8, in the second position (see FIG. 1) closes off the second intake passage 8 and releases the first intake passage 7 and partially releases the first and second intake passages in intermediate positions.
  • both suction passages 7 and 8 can thus be closed or released alternately and the ratio between the quantities of through the first and the second suction passage can also be changed sucked air can be regulated.
  • the flap is also easy to operate.
  • the suction passages 7 and 8 open into a chamber 18, the fan 6 being arranged in a part of the channel 5 adjacent to this chamber 18 and the channel 5 being designed as a delivery channel, the blow-out passage being at a distance above the chamber 18.
  • the device according to the embodiment shown in the drawing shows a particularly compact shape.
  • the device 4 can be manufactured in various versions, in which the blow-out passages 9 to 11 are at a height adapted to the room height, simply by giving the feed channel 5 a corresponding length.
  • the chamber 18 can always be of identical design.
  • the second intake passage 8 is delimited by a channel wall 19 which is displaceable in the passage 18 in the chamber 18.
  • a channel wall 19 which is displaceable in the passage 18 in the chamber 18.
  • the interchangeable flap 12 is connected to the duct wall 19 via a hinge connection 21 located below and in its second position (see FIG. 1) connects to the inner end of the duct wall 19, whereby the second intake passage 8 is closed.
  • the interchangeable flap 12 is of such a length that in the first position (see FIGS. 3 and 4) its free edge, when the channel wall 19 is in its most outwardly pushed position, still over the upper edge of the first intake passage 7 to the Wall of the chamber 18 on the side of the first intake passage 7 connects.
  • the side edges of the flap 12 adjoin the adjacent side walls of the chamber 18. So regardless of the position of the channel passage 19 with respect to the chamber 18, an effective sealing of the first intake passage 7 and the second intake passage 8 can be reached when the interchangeable flap 12 is in the first position.
  • the means for closing off the second intake passage 8 - in the device 4 according to the present exemplary embodiment, these are formed by the interchangeable flap 12 - are preferably thermally insulated. This limits heat losses during recirculation. In the device according to the embodiment shown in the drawing, it is also prevented that, in warm, humid weather and when the heat exchanger is operating, moisture condenses against the outside of the flap 12 in the second position.
  • the channel wall 19 is preferably also thermally insulated, so that heat losses along its part projecting in the chamber 18 and condensation against this part are prevented.
  • the heat exchanger can be arranged, for example, at the top in the chamber 18 or in the channel 5. This makes it possible to cool the sucked-in ambient air by cooling before it is blown into the storage room 1. This is advantageous under conditions in which, for example, the ambient air has a lower absolute moisture content than the air in storage room 1, but this moisture content is not low enough to use this ambient air without cooling.

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Vorrichtung zur Behandlung von Landwirtschafts- und Gartenbauprodukten gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The invention relates to a device for the treatment of agricultural and horticultural products according to the preamble of claim 1.

Eine solche Vorrichtung ist aus US-A-4 257 169 bekannt und eignet sich zur Beherrschung der Temperatur und des Feuchtigkeitsgrades in einem Lagerraum, so daß darin gelagerte Produkte allmählich getrocknet und gekühlt werden können.Such a device is known from US-A-4 257 169 and is suitable for controlling the temperature and the degree of humidity in a storage room so that products stored therein can be gradually dried and cooled.

Die Vorrichtung ist weiter mit einem Einlaß für Umgebungsluft versehen. Dies ermöglicht es, Energie und folglich Kosten dadurch zu sparen, daß man Umgebungsluft zuläßt, wenn diese mit den Erfordernissen, denen die dem Lagerraum zuzuführende Luft genügen soll, vereinbar ist.The device is further provided with an inlet for ambient air. This makes it possible to save energy and consequently costs by allowing ambient air if it is compatible with the requirements which the air to be supplied to the storage room should meet.

Es ist ein Nachteil dieser bekannten Vorrichtung, daß sie kompliziert ist und viel Raum beansprucht. Dadurch, daß die Vorrichtung viel Raum beansprucht, eignet sie sich nicht zur Aufstellung im Lagerraum selbst. Aufstellung außerhalb des Lagerraumes bringt jedoch den Nachteil mit sich, daß unter gewissen Bedingungen unerwünschte Wärmeübertragung zwischen der zu behandelnden und der behandelten Luft einerseits und der Umgebung andererseits auftritt, was in Energieverluste resultiert und die Beherrschbarkeit negativ beeinflußt. Weiter wird die Vorrichtung bei Aufstellung außerhalb des Lagerraumes Witterungseinflüssen ausgesetzt und werden Wartung und Inspektion vor allem im Winter oft durch Witterungsverhältnisse erschwert.It is a disadvantage of this known device that it is complicated and takes up a lot of space. Because the device takes up a lot of space, it is not suitable for installation in the storage room itself. However, installation outside the storage room has the disadvantage that, under certain conditions, undesired heat transfer occurs between the air to be treated and the treated air on the one hand and the environment on the other , which results in energy losses and negatively affects manageability. Furthermore, the device is exposed to weather influences when installed outside the storage room, and maintenance and inspection are often made more difficult, particularly in winter, by weather conditions.

Die Erfindung erfüllt die Aufgabe, eine Vorrichtung zum Zuführen trockner und kühler Luft zu einem Lagerraum zu schaffen, bei der die oben beschriebenen Probleme beseitigt sind.The invention fulfills the object of providing a device for supplying dry and cool air to a storage room, in which the problems described above are eliminated.

Diese Aufgabe wird gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung dadurch gelöst, daß man bei einer Vorrichtung der oben bezeichneten Art die kennzeichnenden Merkmale gemäß Anspruch 1 anwendet.This object is achieved according to the present invention by using the characterizing features according to claim 1 in a device of the type described above.

Durch angemessene Betätigung der Wechselklappe kann sowohl ausschließlich Außenluft als auch ausschließlich Luft aus dem Lagerraum angesaugt werden und kann außerdem jedes erwünschte Verhältnis zwischen aus dem Lagerraum anzusaugender Luft und aus der Umgebung anzusaugender Luft erzielt werden, so daß eine einzige Klappe genügt. Dies vereinfacht die Konstruktion der Vorrichtung und ermöglicht einen sehr gedrängten Aufbau. Dank dem gedrängten Aufbau ist es vorteilhaft, die Vorrichtung im Lagerraum aufzustellen.By appropriately actuating the interchangeable flap, only outside air and only air can be used can be sucked out of the storage room and any desired ratio between air to be sucked in from the storage room and air to be sucked in from the surroundings can also be achieved, so that a single flap is sufficient. This simplifies the construction of the device and enables a very compact structure. Thanks to the compact structure, it is advantageous to set up the device in the storage room.

Die relativ kühle Luft kann über den gelagerten Produkten ausgeblasen werden, so daß diese sich gut auf die gelagerten Produkte verteilen kann und oben an den gelagerten Produkten entlang verlaufende Leitungen unterbleiben können. Im Bereich des Lagerraumes nahe der Ansaugöffnung wird die Luftgeschwindigkeit relativ groß sein. Die dort passierende Luft hat jedoch schon die gelagerten Produkte passiert, so daß ihre trocknende und kühlende Wirkung nachgelassen hat. Also wird trotz des gedrängten Aufbaus der Anlage mit örtlich konzentrierten Ansaug- und Ausblasöffnungen dennoch ein gleichmäßig verteilt kühlender und trocknender Effekt erzielt und wird Kondensbildung durch Temperaturunterschiede zwischen den gelagerten Produkten vermieden.The relatively cool air can be blown out over the stored products, so that it can be distributed well over the stored products and there can be no pipes running along the top of the stored products. The air velocity will be relatively high in the area of the storage room near the intake opening. However, the air passing there has already passed through the stored products, so that their drying and cooling effects have waned. So despite the compact construction of the system with locally concentrated suction and discharge openings, a uniformly distributed cooling and drying effect is achieved and condensation due to temperature differences between the stored products is avoided.

Zum Ablassen der Luft, die bei Frischluftbetrieb durch die aus der Umgebung angesaugte Luft verdrängt wird, genügt es, den Raum, in dem die Vorrichtung gemäß der Erfindung installiert wird, mit oben in der Wand angeordneten Lüftungsöffnungen zum Freien zu versehen.To vent the air, which is displaced by the air drawn in from the environment during fresh air operation, it is sufficient to provide the room in which the device according to the invention is installed with ventilation openings arranged at the top in the wall to the outside.

Weitere Sonderausführungsformen der vorliegenden Erfindung werden in den übrigen Unteransprüchen beschrieben.Further special embodiments of the present invention are described in the remaining subclaims.

Im folgenden wird die Erfindung anhand eines Ausführungsbeispiels und unter Hinweis auf die Zeichnung näher erläutert. Es zeigen:

  • Fig. 1 eine aufgeschnittene Seitenansicht eines Lagerraumes, versehen mit einer Vorrichtung gemäß einem Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung,
  • Fig. 2 eine aufgeschnittene Draufsicht eines Lagerraumes nach Fig. 1,
  • Fig. 3 eine aufgeschnittene Seitenansicht einer in den Figuren 1 und 2 dargestellten Vorrichtung, und
  • Fig. 4 eine aufgeschnittene perspektivische Ansicht der Vorrichtung nach den Figuren 1 bis 3.
The invention is explained in more detail below using an exemplary embodiment and with reference to the drawing. Show it:
  • 1 is a cut side view of a storage room provided with a device according to an embodiment of the invention,
  • 2 shows a cut-away top view of a storage room according to FIG. 1,
  • 3 shows a cut-away side view of a device shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, and
  • 4 shows a cut-away perspective view of the device according to FIGS. 1 to 3.

In den Figuren 1 und 2 ist eine Lagerhalle mit einem Lagerraum 1 gezeigt, in dem Kisten 2 aufgestellt sind. In diesen Kisten 2 befinden sich die aufzubewahrenden und zu behandelnden Landwirtschafts- und Gartenbauprodukte. Die Kisten sind zur Förderung der Luftbewegung zwischen den Produkten hindurch mit (nicht dargestellten) Lüftungsöffnungen versehen. In den Figuren 3 und 4 ist ausschließlich die Vorrichtung 4 detaillierter dargestellt.1 and 2 show a warehouse with a storage room 1 in which boxes 2 are set up. These boxes 2 contain the agricultural and horticultural products to be stored and treated. The boxes are provided with ventilation openings (not shown) to promote air movement between the products. Only the device 4 is shown in more detail in FIGS. 3 and 4.

Im Anschluß an eine kurze Wand 3 des Lagerraumes 1 ist jeweils eine Vorrichtung 4 gemäß einem Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung aufgestellt.Following a short wall 3 of the storage room 1, a device 4 according to an embodiment of the invention is set up.

Die Vorrichtung 4 umfaßt einen Kanal 5, in dem ein Ventilator 6 angeordnet ist. Die Vorrichtung ist weiter mit einem ersten Ansaugdurchlaß 7 zum Durchlassen von Luft aus dem Raum 1 zum Kanal 5, einem zweiten Ansaugdurchlaß 8 zum Durchlassen von Luft aus der Umgebung zum Kanal und mit Ausblasdurchlässen 9, 10, 11 zum Durchlassen von Luft aus dem Kanal 5 zum Raum 1 versehen. Weiter umfaßt die Vorrichtung Mittel 12 zum Öffnen und Schließen der Ansaugdurchlässe 7 und 8.The device 4 comprises a channel 5 in which a fan 6 is arranged. The device is further provided with a first intake passage 7 for the passage of air from the space 1 to the duct 5, a second intake passage 8 for the passage of air from the surroundings to the passage and with discharge passages 9, 10, 11 for the passage of air from the passage 5 to room 1. The device further comprises means 12 for opening and closing the intake passages 7 and 8.

Der Wärmeaustauscher 13 steht mit dem ersten Ansaugdurchlaß 7 in Verbindung und die Ausblasdurchlässe 9, 10, 11 liegen auf höherem Niveau als der erste Ansaugdurchlaß 7.The heat exchanger 13 is connected to the first intake passage 7 and the blowout passages 9, 10, 11 are at a higher level than the first intake passage 7.

Die Vorrichtung 4 eignet sich zur Behandlung von Landwirtschafts- und Gartenbauprodukten in einem Lagerraum 1, um diese zu trocknen und zu kühlen, wodurch diese beim Aufbewahren im Lagerraum 1 längere Zeit gut erhalten bleiben. Die Behandlung umfaßt das forcierte Belüften mit Außenluft, um die Produkte zu trocknen, das Belüften durch forcierte Luftrezirkulation im Raum 1, um eine gleichmäßige Temperaturverteilung über die im Lagerraum 1 vorhandenen Produkte zu erzielen, und das Kühlen der Produkte.The device 4 is suitable for treating agricultural and horticultural products in a storage room 1 in order to dry and cool them, as a result of which they are well preserved for a long time when they are stored in the storage room 1. The treatment includes forced ventilation with outside air to dry the products, ventilation with forced air recirculation in room 1 to achieve an even temperature distribution over the products in storage room 1, and cooling of the products.

Gemäß der Erfindung wird dadurch gekühlt, daß man auf einem Niveau über den im Raum gelagerten Produkten forciert kühle Luft in den Raum 1 einbläst, und wird bei Rezirkulation Luft angesaugt auf einem Niveau unter dem Niveau, auf dem diese in den Raum eingeblasen wird.According to the invention, cooling is carried out by forcing cool air into the room 1 at a level above the products stored in the room, and in the case of recirculation Air sucked in at a level below the level at which it is blown into the room.

Wenn die Temperatur und der Feuchtigkeitsgehalt der Außenluft niedrig genug sind, kann dies durch Belüften mit Außenluft erfolgen. In diesem Fall wird der erste Ansaugdurchlaß 7 abgeschlossen und wird der zweite Ansaugdurchlaß 8 freigegeben. Durch den Ventilator 6 wird dann über den zweiten Ansaugdurchlaß 8 Luft von außen her angesaugt und über die Ausblasdurchlässe 9-11 ausgeblasen. Durch oben in der Wand 3 angeordnete Lüftungsöffnungen 15 kann dabei Luft aus dem Raum 1 entweichen.If the temperature and moisture content of the outside air are low enough, this can be done by ventilating with outside air. In this case, the first suction passage 7 is closed and the second suction passage 8 is released. Air is then drawn in from the outside by the fan 6 via the second suction passage 8 and blown out via the blow-out passages 9-11. Air can escape from room 1 through ventilation openings 15 arranged at the top in wall 3.

Wenn die Temperatur oder der Feuchtigkeitsgehalt der Außenluft zu hoch ist, kann Luft im Lagerraum 1 rezirkuliert werden, wobei die Luft mittels des Wärmeaustauschers 13 gekühlt wird. Dazu wird der zweite Ansaugdurchlaß 8 abgeschlossen und der erste Ansaugdurchlaß 7 freigegeben. Die Luft wird dann durch den Ventilator 6 über den Wärmeaustauscher 13 und den ersten Ansaugdurchlaß 7 angesaugt und ebenfalls über die Ausblasdurchlässe 9 bis 11 ausgeblasen. Die Lüftungsöffnungen 15 müssen dann vorzugsweise geschlossen sein.If the temperature or the moisture content of the outside air is too high, air can be recirculated in the storage room 1, the air being cooled by means of the heat exchanger 13. For this purpose, the second intake passage 8 is closed and the first intake passage 7 is released. The air is then sucked in by the fan 6 via the heat exchanger 13 and the first suction passage 7 and also blown out via the blow-out passages 9 to 11. The ventilation openings 15 must then preferably be closed.

Bei sehr niedrigen Außentemperaturen können sowohl der erste Ansaugdurchlaß 7 als auch der zweite Ansaugdurchlaß 8 geöffnet werden, um von außen her angesaugte Luft und wärmere Umgebungsluft zu mischen. Wenn es beispielsweise erwünscht ist, daß die angesaugte Luft eine Temperatur von 4°C hat, während die Temperatur der aus dem Raum angesaugten Luft 7°C ist und die Temperatur der von außen her angesaugten Luft -2°C ist, können die Ansaugdurchlässe 7 und 8 derart weit freigegeben werden, daß jeweils auf einen Teil Außenluft zwei Teile Luft aus dem Raum 1 angesaugt werden.At very low outside temperatures, both the first suction passage 7 and the second suction passage 8 can be opened in order to mix air drawn in from outside and warmer ambient air. For example, if it is desired that the intake air be at a temperature of 4 ° C, while the temperature of the intake air from the room is 7 ° C and the temperature of the intake air from the outside is -2 ° C, the intake passages 7 and 8 are released to such an extent that two parts of air are sucked out of room 1 into one part of outside air.

Mit dem Verfahren und der Vorrichtung gemäß der Erfindung ist es sehr einfach möglich, die Produkte zuerst zu trocknen und einigermaßen durch Belüften abzukühlen und anschließend die Produkte weiter abzukühlen und gegebenenfalls durch Rezirkulation zu trocknen. Dabei wird die Luft mittels des Wärmeaustauschers 13 gekühlt.With the method and the device according to the invention, it is very easily possible to dry the products first and to cool them to some extent by aeration and then to cool the products further and, if necessary, by Dry recirculation. The air is cooled by means of the heat exchanger 13.

Also wird relativ wenig Energie verbraucht und wird relativ wenig Kondenswasser und/oder Eisbildung im Wärmeaustauscher erhalten. Wenn nach einer relativ warmen Wetterperiode wieder eine relativ kalte Wetterperiode anbricht, kann von Rezirkulation mit Kühlung wieder auf Belüften mit Außenluft umgeschaltet werden, um Energie zu sparen.So relatively little energy is consumed and relatively little condensation and / or ice formation is obtained in the heat exchanger. If a relatively cold weather period begins after a relatively warm weather period, you can switch back from recirculation with cooling to ventilation with outside air to save energy.

Durch Ausblasen der Luft auf einem höheren Niveau als dem Niveau, auf dem diese angesaugt wird, kann der Wärmeaustauscher 13 in einem niedrig gelegenen Teil des Lagerraumes 1 nahe dem ersten Ansaugdurchlaß angeordnet sein, während dennoch gekühlte Luft in einen oberen Teil des Lagerraumes 1 eingebracht werden kann. Dadurch ist der Wärmeaustauscher 13 zu Reinigungs- und Wartungszwecken leicht erreichbar und sind nur relativ kurze Leitungen für Kühlmittel und zum Abführen von Kondenswasser notwendig.By blowing out the air at a level higher than the level at which it is sucked in, the heat exchanger 13 can be arranged in a low-lying part of the storage room 1 near the first suction passage, while still cooling air is introduced into an upper part of the storage room 1 can. As a result, the heat exchanger 13 is easily accessible for cleaning and maintenance purposes and only relatively short lines for coolant and for removing condensed water are necessary.

Der Wärmeaustauscher 13 der Vorrichtung 4 gemäß dem in der Zeichnung dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel ist als Verdampfer 13 ausgebildet. Dieser ist über eine Leitung 16 mit einem in einem Gehäuse 17 außerhalb des Lagerraumes 1 angeordneten (in der Zeichnung nicht sichtbaren) Kondensator verbunden. Im Gehäuse 17 ist auch ein Kompressor angeordnet. Außer der vom Kondensator abgegebenen Wärme wird auch vom Kompressor abgegebene Wärme also außerhalb des Lagerraumes 1 abgegeben. Selbstverständlich kann die Verdampfer-Kompressor-Kondensator-Einheit auch dazu eingerichtet sein, falls erforderlich zum Erwärmen des Lagerraumes 1 in umgekehrter Richtung zu arbeiten.The heat exchanger 13 of the device 4 according to the embodiment shown in the drawing is designed as an evaporator 13. This is connected via a line 16 to a capacitor (not visible in the drawing) arranged in a housing 17 outside the storage room 1. A compressor is also arranged in the housing 17. In addition to the heat given off by the condenser, heat given off by the compressor is also given off outside the storage room 1. Of course, the evaporator-compressor-condenser unit can also be set up to work in the opposite direction, if necessary, for heating the storage room 1.

Die kühle Luft, die über den Produkten im Lagerraum 1 ausgeblasen wird, hat reichlich Gelegenheit, sich zu verbreiten, bevor diese an den Produkten entlangströmt, so daß eine gleichmäßige Kühlung der Produkte erreicht wird. Dadurch wird Kondensbildung vermieden. Bei Rezirkulation treten nur nahe dem ersten Ansaugdurchlaß 7 relativ große Luftgeschwindigkeitsunterschiede auf. Dies führt jedoch zu wenig Temperaturunterschieden im Lagerraum 1, weil nahe dem ersten Ansaugdurchlaß 7 vorhandene Luft inzwischen an den Produkten entlanggeströmt ist, wodurch ihre Temperatur nur noch wenig von der Temperatur der Produkte abweicht.The cool air that is blown out over the products in the storage room 1 has ample opportunity to spread before it flows along the products, so that a uniform cooling of the products is achieved. This prevents the formation of condensation. When recirculation occurs only relatively large near the first intake passage 7 Differences in air speed. However, this leads to little temperature differences in the storage room 1, because air present near the first intake passage 7 has meanwhile flowed along the products, as a result of which their temperature differs only slightly from the temperature of the products.

Die dicht beieinander angeordneten Ausblasdurchlässe 9 bis 11 genügen zum Erzielen einer gleichmäßigen Verteilung der Luftbewegung durch den Raum 1, weil die Luft sich über den Produkten leicht verbreiten kann. Die Vorrichtung gemäß der Erfindung kann dadurch sehr gedrängt ausgebildet werden.The closely spaced blow-out passages 9 to 11 are sufficient to achieve an even distribution of air movement through space 1 because the air can easily spread over the products. The device according to the invention can thus be made very compact.

Statt mehrerer Ausblasdurchlässe 9 bis 11, die in verschiedene Richtungen gerichtet sind, ist es auch möglich, beispielsweise einen einzigen Ausblasdurchlaß mit einer der Breite der Wand 3 angepaßten Breite oder mehrere an der Wand 3 entlang oder über die Oberfläche des Raumes 1 verteilte Ausblasdurchlässe anzuordnen. Solche Ausführungen sind jedoch weniger gedrängt als das in der Zeichnung dargestellte Ausführungsbeispiel.Instead of a plurality of blow-out passages 9 to 11 which are directed in different directions, it is also possible to arrange, for example, a single blow-out passage having a width adapted to the width of the wall 3 or a plurality of blow-out passages distributed along the wall 3 or over the surface of the space 1. However, such designs are less crowded than the embodiment shown in the drawing.

Bei Rezirkulation wird die Luft nahe dem Boden des Lagerraumes angesaugt. Dies hat den Vorteil, daß ein durch Konvektion unterstützter Luftstrom zwischen den Produkten hindurch bis nahe dem Boden erzielt werden kann. Dadurch kann auch in Bereichen, in denen die Produkte relativ dicht gestapelt sind und der Luftwiderstand relativ hoch ist, eine abwärts gerichtete Strömung aufrechterhalten werden. Beim bekannten Verfahren, bei dem kalte Luft von unten her oder seitlich eingeblasen wird, wird die kalte Luft in Bereichen, in denen der Strömungswiderstand relativ groß ist, zum Stillstand kommen, so daß Produkte über diesen Teilen nicht durch den kühlenden und trocknenden Luftstrom erreicht werden. Diese warmen feuchten Produkte verursachen dann Kondensation gegen benachbarte kältere Produkte.During recirculation, the air is drawn in near the floor of the storage room. This has the advantage that a convection-assisted air flow between the products can be achieved up to close to the floor. As a result, a downward flow can be maintained even in areas in which the products are stacked relatively densely and the air resistance is relatively high. In the known method in which cold air is blown in from below or from the side, the cold air will come to a standstill in areas in which the flow resistance is relatively high, so that products above these parts are not reached by the cooling and drying air flow . These warm, moist products then cause condensation against neighboring colder products.

Bei Anwendung der Vorrichtung 4 in einem Lagerraum wie dargestellt in der Zeichnung ist beispielsweise keine Lüftungswand erforderlich, gegen welche die Kisten 2 aufgestellt werden. Dadurch können auch seitlich der Vorrichtung 4 Stapel Kisten stehen. Die Luft kann einfach nahe dem Boden angesaugt werden. Gegebenenfalls können die Kisten an geeigneten Stellen mit einem Zwischenraum 14 aufgestellt werden, um eine gleichmäßige Verteilung der Luftbewegung zu fördern.When using the device 4 in a storage room as shown in the drawing, for example, no ventilation wall against which the boxes 2 are placed is required. As a result, the device 4 can also Stack of boxes are standing. The air can simply be drawn in near the floor. If necessary, the boxes can be placed at suitable locations with a space 14 in order to promote an even distribution of the air movement.

Bei Anwendung einer Lüftungswand werden außerdem in einem Großteil des Produktvorrats relativ große Luftgeschwindigkeiten erreicht, vor allem dort, wo die Lufttemperatur sich am stärksten von der Temperatur der Produkte unterscheidet. Da die Produkte nahe den Wänden jeder Kiste 2 im Durchschnitt dichter gestapelt sind als in ihrer Mitte treten erhebliche Unterschiede in der Luftgeschwindigkeit zwischen der Mitte der Kiste und den Bereichen nahe der Wand auf. Das resultiert bei einem Großteil der Kisten in einen steilen Temperaturgradienten zwischen der Mitte und dem Außenteil jeder dieser Kisten. Dies führt häufig zur Kondensbildung.When using a ventilation wall, relatively large air velocities are also achieved in a large part of the product stock, especially where the air temperature differs the most from the temperature of the products. Since the products near the walls of each box 2 are stacked denser on average than at their center, there are significant differences in air speed between the center of the box and the areas near the wall. For most of the boxes, this results in a steep temperature gradient between the center and the outer part of each of these boxes. This often leads to condensation.

Die kühle Luft verbreitet sich über den Produkten und sinkt dann relativ langsam herab, so daß die Unterschiede in der Luftgeschwindigkeit durch den größeren Widerstand nahe den Außenteilen der Kisten relativ klein bleiben. Ihrerseits bleiben also Temperaturunterschiede in jeder Kiste 2 relativ beschränkt.The cool air spreads over the products and then sinks relatively slowly, so that the differences in air speed due to the greater resistance near the outer parts of the boxes remain relatively small. For their part, temperature differences in each box 2 remain relatively limited.

Die Mittel zum Öffnen und Schließen der Ansaugdurchlässe 7 und 8 sind als eine zwischen einer ersten und einer zweiten Stellung bewegbare Wechselklappe 12 ausgebildet, die in der ersten Stellung (siehe Figuren 3 und 4) den ersten Ansaugdurchlaß 7 abschließt und den zweiten Ansaugdurchlaß 8 freigibt, in der zweiten Stellung (siehe Fig. 1) den zweiten Ansaugdurchlaß 8 abschließt und den ersten Ansaugdurchlaß 7 freigibt und in zwischenliegenden Stellungen den ersten und den zweiten Ansaugdurchlaß je teilweise freigibt.The means for opening and closing the intake passages 7 and 8 are designed as a changeable flap 12 which can be moved between a first and a second position and which, in the first position (see FIGS. 3 and 4), closes the first intake passage 7 and releases the second intake passage 8, in the second position (see FIG. 1) closes off the second intake passage 8 and releases the first intake passage 7 and partially releases the first and second intake passages in intermediate positions.

Mit einer einzigen Klappe 12 können also beide Ansaugdurchlässe 7 und 8 abwechselnd abgeschlossen oder freigegeben werden und kann auch das Verhältnis zwischen den Mengen an durch den ersten und den zweiten Ansaugdurchlaß angesaugter Luft geregelt werden. Die Klappe ist außerdem einfach betätigbar.With a single flap 12, both suction passages 7 and 8 can thus be closed or released alternately and the ratio between the quantities of through the first and the second suction passage can also be changed sucked air can be regulated. The flap is also easy to operate.

Die Ansaugdurchlässe 7 und 8 münden in eine Kammer 18, wobei der Ventilator 6 in einem an diese Kammer 18 angrenzenden Teil des Kanals 5 angeordnet ist und der Kanal 5 als Förderkanal ausgebildet ist, wobei der Ausblasdurchlaß im Abstand über der Kammer 18 liegt. Dadurch zeigt die Vorrichtung gemäß dem in der Zeichnung dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel eine besonders gedrängte Form. Außerdem kann die Vorrichtung 4 in verschiedenen Ausführungen, in denen die Ausblasdurchlässe 9 bis 11 auf einer der Raumhöhe angepaßten Höhe liegen, einfach dadurch hergestellt werden, daß man dem Förderkanal 5 eine entsprechende Länge gibt. Die Kammer 18 kann stets identisch ausgebildet sein.The suction passages 7 and 8 open into a chamber 18, the fan 6 being arranged in a part of the channel 5 adjacent to this chamber 18 and the channel 5 being designed as a delivery channel, the blow-out passage being at a distance above the chamber 18. As a result, the device according to the embodiment shown in the drawing shows a particularly compact shape. In addition, the device 4 can be manufactured in various versions, in which the blow-out passages 9 to 11 are at a height adapted to the room height, simply by giving the feed channel 5 a corresponding length. The chamber 18 can always be of identical design.

Der zweite Ansaugdurchlaß 8 wird durch eine Kanalwand 19 begrenzt, die in Durchlaßrichtung in der Kammer 18 verschiebbar ist. Dadurch kann der Abstand, über den das Außenende der Kanalwand 19 aus der Kammer 18 herausragt, der Dicke der Wand 3, an welche die Vorrichtung 4 anschließt, derart angepaßt werden, daß das Außenende der Kanalwand 19 etwa in der Ebene der Außenseite der Wand 3 liegt. Das Außenende der Kanalwand 19 kann beispielsweise mit einem Gitter 20 versehen sein.The second intake passage 8 is delimited by a channel wall 19 which is displaceable in the passage 18 in the chamber 18. As a result, the distance beyond which the outer end of the channel wall 19 protrudes from the chamber 18, the thickness of the wall 3 to which the device 4 is connected, can be adapted such that the outer end of the channel wall 19 is approximately in the plane of the outside of the wall 3 lies. The outer end of the channel wall 19 can be provided with a grid 20, for example.

Die Wechselklappe 12 ist über eine untenliegende Scharnierverbindung 21 mit der Kanalwand 19 verbunden und schließt in ihrer zweiten Stellung (siehe Fig. 1) an das Innenende der Kanalwand 19 an, wodurch der zweite Ansaugdurchlaß 8 abgeschlossen ist. Die Wechselklappe 12 weist eine solche Länge auf, daß in der ersten Stellung (siehe Figuren 3 und 4) ihr freier Rand, wenn die Kanalwand 19 sich in ihrer am weitesten auswärts geschobenen Stellung befindet, noch über dem oberen Rand des ersten Ansaugdurchlasses 7 an die Wand der Kammer 18 auf der Seite des ersten Ansaugdurchlasses 7 anschließt. Die Seitenränder der Klappe 12 schließen dabei an die angrenzenden Seitenwände der Kammer 18 an. Also kann ungeachtet der Stellung des Kanaldurchlasses 19 gegenüber der Kammer 18 stets eine wirksame Abdichtung des ersten Ansaugdurchlasses 7 und des zweiten Ansaugdurchlasses 8 erreicht werden, wenn die Wechselklappe 12 sich in der ersten Stellung befindet.The interchangeable flap 12 is connected to the duct wall 19 via a hinge connection 21 located below and in its second position (see FIG. 1) connects to the inner end of the duct wall 19, whereby the second intake passage 8 is closed. The interchangeable flap 12 is of such a length that in the first position (see FIGS. 3 and 4) its free edge, when the channel wall 19 is in its most outwardly pushed position, still over the upper edge of the first intake passage 7 to the Wall of the chamber 18 on the side of the first intake passage 7 connects. The side edges of the flap 12 adjoin the adjacent side walls of the chamber 18. So regardless of the position of the channel passage 19 with respect to the chamber 18, an effective sealing of the first intake passage 7 and the second intake passage 8 can be reached when the interchangeable flap 12 is in the first position.

Die Mittel zum Abschließen des zweiten Ansaugdurchlasses 8 - in der Vorrichtung 4 gemäß dem vorliegenden Ausführungsbeispiel werden diese durch die Wechselklappe 12 gebildet - sind vorzugsweise wärmeisoliert. Dadurch werden Wärmeverluste bei Rezirkulation beschränkt. In der Vorrichtung gemäß dem in der Zeichnung dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel wird dabei außerdem verhindert, daß bei warmem feuchtem Wetter und bei Betrieb des Wärmeaustauschers Feuchtigkeit gegen die Außenseite der in der zweiten Stellung befindlichen Klappe 12 kondensiert. Vorzugsweise ist auch die Kanalwand 19 wärmeisoliert, so daß auch Wärmeverluste längs ihres in der Kammer 18 vorspringenden Teiles und Kondensation gegen diesen Teil verhindert werden.The means for closing off the second intake passage 8 - in the device 4 according to the present exemplary embodiment, these are formed by the interchangeable flap 12 - are preferably thermally insulated. This limits heat losses during recirculation. In the device according to the embodiment shown in the drawing, it is also prevented that, in warm, humid weather and when the heat exchanger is operating, moisture condenses against the outside of the flap 12 in the second position. The channel wall 19 is preferably also thermally insulated, so that heat losses along its part projecting in the chamber 18 and condensation against this part are prevented.

Es ist auch möglich, den Wärmeaustauscher derart aufzustellen, daß sowohl von außen als auch aus dem Lagerraum 1 angesaugte Luft ihn passiert. Dazu kann der Wärmeaustauscher beispielsweise oben in der Kammer 18 oder im Kanal 5 angeordnet sein. Dies ermöglicht es, beim Kühlen durch Belüften die angesaugte Umgebungsluft zu kühlen, bevor diese in den Lagerraum 1 eingeblasen wird. Das ist vorteilhaft unter Bedingungen, wobei die Umgebungsluft beispielsweise einen niedrigeren absoluten Feuchtigkeitsgehalt aufweist als die Luft im Lagerraum 1, aber dieser Feuchtigkeitsgehalt nicht niedrig genug ist, um diese Umgebungsluft ohne Kühlung zu benutzen.It is also possible to set up the heat exchanger in such a way that air drawn in from the outside as well as from the storage room 1 passes through it. For this purpose, the heat exchanger can be arranged, for example, at the top in the chamber 18 or in the channel 5. This makes it possible to cool the sucked-in ambient air by cooling before it is blown into the storage room 1. This is advantageous under conditions in which, for example, the ambient air has a lower absolute moisture content than the air in storage room 1, but this moisture content is not low enough to use this ambient air without cooling.

Claims (5)

  1. An apparatus for the treatment of agricultural and horticultural products in a storage space (1), comprising a duct (5), a fan (6) in said duct, a first suction passage (7) for passing air from the space (1) to the duct (5), a second suction passage (8) for passing air from the surroundings to the duct (5), and blow-out passages (9 through 11) for passing air from the duct (5) to the space (1), means (12) for opening and closing the suction passages (7 and 8), and a heat exchanger (13) for cooling air, said suction passages (7 and 8) opening into a chamber (18), characterized in that
    the means for opening and closing the suction passages (7 and 8) are designed as a shuttle valve (12) movable between a first and a second position, which shuttle valve, in the first position, closes the first suction passage (7) and releases the second suction passage (8) and, in the second position, closes the second suction passage (8) and releases the first suction passage (7) and, in intermediate positions, partly releases the first and the second suction passage (7 and 8),
    the first suction passage (7) has a locally concentrated suction opening for sucking in air directly from the space (1),
    the shuttle valve (12) is arranged in said chamber (18),
    several blow-out passages (9 through 11) are locally concentrated, arranged at a distance above the chamber (18) and directed in at least two directions for distributing blown-out air over the space (1) in which the apparatus is arranged, and
    the duct is designed as a conveying duct (5) extending upwards to the blow-out passages (9 through 11).
  2. An apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the fan (6) is arranged in a part of the duct (5) adjoining the chamber (18).
  3. An apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the second suction passage (8) is bounded by a duct wall (19) which is movable in the chamber (18) in the direction of passage.
  4. An apparatus according to claims 1 and 3, characterized in that the shuttle valve (12) is connected along its lower edge to the duct wall (19) via a hinge joint, in its first position sealingly connects to a backwards slanting internal end of the duct wall (19) and in its second position, irrespective of the position of the duct wall (19) relative to the chamber (18), connects with its free edge above the first suction passage (7) to a wall of the chamber (18) on the side of this suction passage (7) and with its side edges to the side walls of the chamber (18) which connect to said wall on the side of said suction passage (7).
  5. An apparatus according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the shuttle valve is heat insulated.
EP93201371A 1992-05-14 1993-05-13 Apparatus for the treatment of agricultural and horticultural products Expired - Lifetime EP0572062B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL9200854A NL9200854A (en) 1992-05-14 1992-05-14 METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR TREATING AGRICULTURAL AND GARDEN PRODUCTS IN A STORAGE ROOM.
NL9200854 1992-05-14

Publications (2)

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EP0572062A1 EP0572062A1 (en) 1993-12-01
EP0572062B1 true EP0572062B1 (en) 1997-08-06

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DE (1) DE59307049D1 (en)
ES (1) ES2108207T3 (en)
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NL1012089C2 (en) * 1999-05-18 2000-11-21 Tolsma Techniek B V Air handling unit.
FR2828730B3 (en) * 2001-08-14 2003-08-08 Engeenering Batiments Et Distr PROCESS AND INSTALLATION FOR THE PRESERVATION AND / OR DRYING OF FOOD PRODUCTS, AND PARTICULARLY FRUITS, VEGETABLES, OR CEREALS
ITME20040005A1 (en) * 2004-05-03 2004-08-03 Domenico Brancato Di Francesco IMPROVED PROCEDURE FOR INCREASING AND REGULATING THE FORCED CIRCULATION OF AIR IN THE REFRIGERATOR ROOMS, BY MEANS OF A MOBILE EQUIPMENT ACTING IN A HALLWAY BETWEEN TWO FILES OF FRUIT AND VEGETABLE PRODUCTS ARRANGED IN PACKS.
SE540657C2 (en) 2013-06-18 2018-10-09 Nilsson Johan Ventilation system for agricultural and garden products

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US4458583A (en) * 1981-05-08 1984-07-10 Nippondenso Co., Ltd. Air conditioner control system for automotive vehicles
EP0244891A1 (en) * 1986-04-01 1987-11-11 NIRO Atomizer B.V. Apparatus for displacing air through a cabine for spraying paint

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GB191012467A (en) * 1910-05-23 1911-03-02 James Macmeikan An Improved Air Circulating Apparatus.
CH100004A (en) * 1921-09-03 1923-07-02 Klein Dr Albert Process for the treatment of solid or liquid bodies with gases or vapors.
GB503854A (en) * 1936-10-23 1939-04-14 Svenska Flaektfabriken Ab Improvements in ventilation devices for drying plants
US4257169A (en) * 1978-12-11 1981-03-24 Jack Pierce Commodity dryer
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DE2710254A1 (en) * 1976-03-10 1977-09-15 Waelti Ag Geb METHOD AND DEVICE FOR VENTILATING PAINT SPRAYING SYSTEMS
US4458583A (en) * 1981-05-08 1984-07-10 Nippondenso Co., Ltd. Air conditioner control system for automotive vehicles
EP0244891A1 (en) * 1986-04-01 1987-11-11 NIRO Atomizer B.V. Apparatus for displacing air through a cabine for spraying paint

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0572062A1 (en) 1993-12-01
NL9200854A (en) 1993-12-01
ES2108207T3 (en) 1997-12-16
DE59307049D1 (en) 1997-09-11
GR3025202T3 (en) 1998-02-27

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