EP0166989B1 - Vertical tube heat exchange panel for recovery boilers, such as black liquor boilers or town refuse incinerators, and manufacturing processes - Google Patents

Vertical tube heat exchange panel for recovery boilers, such as black liquor boilers or town refuse incinerators, and manufacturing processes Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0166989B1
EP0166989B1 EP85106871A EP85106871A EP0166989B1 EP 0166989 B1 EP0166989 B1 EP 0166989B1 EP 85106871 A EP85106871 A EP 85106871A EP 85106871 A EP85106871 A EP 85106871A EP 0166989 B1 EP0166989 B1 EP 0166989B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tubes
fins
adjacent
portions
elements
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Expired
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EP85106871A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0166989A1 (en
Inventor
Jean Fournier
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Stein Industrie SA
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Stein Industrie SA
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Priority to AT85106871T priority Critical patent/ATE30636T1/en
Publication of EP0166989A1 publication Critical patent/EP0166989A1/en
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Publication of EP0166989B1 publication Critical patent/EP0166989B1/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
    • F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
    • F28D1/04—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits
    • F28D1/047—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being bent, e.g. in a serpentine or zig-zag
    • F28D1/0477—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being bent, e.g. in a serpentine or zig-zag the conduits being bent in a serpentine or zig-zag
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B37/00—Component parts or details of steam boilers
    • F22B37/02—Component parts or details of steam boilers applicable to more than one kind or type of steam boiler
    • F22B37/10—Water tubes; Accessories therefor
    • F22B37/20—Supporting arrangements, e.g. for securing water-tube sets
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B37/00—Component parts or details of steam boilers
    • F22B37/02—Component parts or details of steam boilers applicable to more than one kind or type of steam boiler
    • F22B37/10—Water tubes; Accessories therefor
    • F22B37/20—Supporting arrangements, e.g. for securing water-tube sets
    • F22B37/202—Suspension and securing arrangements for contact heating surfaces
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
    • F28F1/10—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
    • F28F1/12—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element
    • F28F1/14—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element and extending longitudinally
    • F28F1/22—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element and extending longitudinally the means having portions engaging further tubular elements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/007—Auxiliary supports for elements
    • F28F9/013—Auxiliary supports for elements for tubes or tube-assemblies

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a heat exchange panel with vertical tubes close to each other forming loops between an inlet and an outlet by which they are suspended from a rigid structure, and intended to be in contact by their outer surface with gas loaded with soot, in which the tubes of the central part are joined together by continuous fins. It also extends to methods of manufacturing such a panel.
  • the document FR-A-1 418 565 describes a panel of heat exchange tubes, of small spacing, and which are all joined together by fins.
  • the welds of the fins on the end tubes are also subjected to stresses due to the differences in temperature between tubes and to the weight of the tubes in the central part, leading to risks of cracking and leakage.
  • Document US-A-3 880 123 describes a panel of heat exchange tubes, of small spacing, joined together by short fin elements, with the exception of each of the tubes supported by a nearest collector the middle of the panel and the adjacent unsupported tube. The latter are joined by overlapping and superimposed S-shaped profile elements, the ends of which are welded to the adjacent tubes. Such a panel does not prevent accumulation between the tubes of soot deposits which are difficult to remove.
  • the present invention aims to provide a heat exchange panel with soot-laden gases, which is easy to clean off soot deposits, but is at the same time easy and mechanizable to manufacture and does not exhibit any brittleness of its solders.
  • the heat exchange panel according to the invention is characterized in that all of its tubes are spaced from each other by a pitch of little more than their outside diameter, and in that the extreme tubes connected directly to the structure of suspension are secured to each other and to the nearest adjacent tube by members of low lower than that of the upper loops of the panel, and are joined together and with the adjacent tube below the fastening members by fins.
  • two separate circuits of straight tubes with loop ends are formed separately, they are introduced into one another by assembling the straight sections of the tubes side by side, fins between these straight sections, there are between the end sections suspended from the rigid structure and the adjacent section, a little above the fins, vertical fastening elements, then these elements are welded with the adjacent tubes using '' a welding machine in translation along the tubes.
  • this panel sections of straight tubes are assembled side by side, fins are formed between these sections, there is between the end sections suspended from the rigid structure and the adjacent section, a little above fins, vertical fixing elements, these elements are welded with the adjacent tube sections using a welding machine in translation along these sections, then the connection loops are welded on their ends.
  • Figures 6, 7 and 8 respectively show sections along the axis VI-VI of Figure 1, according to three variants of constitution of the fins.
  • the heat exchange panel consists of two tubes 1, 2 close to each other, and whose convolutions are nested one inside the other.
  • the spacing of these tubes has been exaggerated for clarity. They are suspended by their inlet 1A and outlet 1B ends from fixed structures 3 and 4.
  • their pitch spacing of their axes
  • These tubes form loops 5, 6, 7, 8 at their lower part and loops 9, 10, 11 at their upper part.
  • Tubes 1 and 2 are interconnected over most of their length by a fin 12 .
  • the two end sections and the adjacent section are connected by means of fastening elements 14, 15, welded to the adjacent tubes according to generatrices.
  • fastening elements 14, 15, welded to the adjacent tubes according to generatrices are shown on a larger scale in FIGS. 2 and 3, corresponding to the detail II of FIG. 1.
  • the element 14 connects the end tube sections 21 and 22, and the element 15 the section 22 with the adjacent section 23 of the panel.
  • These panels can be double as shown in Figure 1, but they can be single, triple or quadruple.
  • the connecting fin elements 26, 27 stop a little below the elements 14, 15.
  • the upper zone of the fins has a slot such as 28, ending in a circular hole 29 in order to avoid a crack propagation initiation. In this way, the stresses due to differential expansion are transmitted by the parts 14, 15 and dissipate throughout the panel.
  • FIG. 4 shows a section through a horizontal plane in the upper part of the panel, above the level of the hollow securing elements 14, 15.
  • the sections of tubes 21, 22 and 23 are separated from each other, while the sections 23, 24, 30, and so on, are connected by a fin.
  • Figures 6, 7 and 8 show three variants of the constitution of the junction fin between the sections of tubes. They correspond to a section along the axis VI-VI of FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 6 represents a junction fin formed by vertical plates 34, 35, attached and welded on each side on the tubes 31, 32, 33 along weld lines such as 36, 37.
  • the tubes may already have their loops of end and have been placed one inside the other, or the end loops can be welded to the ends of the tube sections after fitting the fins; in this case the welding machine moves along the axes of the tubes.
  • FIG. 7 represents junction fins 38, 39 formed by depositing molten metal between the adjacent tube sections 31, 32, 33, by a fixed automatic machine in which the tubes pass. The end loops are subsequently welded to the ends of the tube sections.
  • FIG. 8 shows junction fins 40, 41 formed by welding 42, 43 of tubes 31, 32, 33 provided with ribs in a diametrical plane.
  • the welding of the ribs to each other is carried out by a stationary machine.
  • the end loops are welded later.
  • the heat exchange panel according to the invention applies more particularly to heat recovery boilers by incineration of black stationery liquor or household waste, but it is suitable in all cases where an exchange must be carried out of heat between a fluid to be heated or vaporized circulating inside the tubes and gases or vapors laden with solid dust circulating around them.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Details Of Heat-Exchange And Heat-Transfer (AREA)
  • Paper (AREA)
  • Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)

Abstract

A heat exchanger panel having vertical tubes (1, 2) which form loops between an inlet (1A) and an outlet (1B) via which they are suspended from a rigid structure (3, 4), and intended to come into contact via their outer surfaces with a soot-laden gas characterized in that its tubes are separated from one another at a pitch which is a little greater than their diameter, in that the tubes of the central portion are interconnected by fins, and in that the end tubes directly connected to the suspension structure are fixed to one another and to the nearest adjacent tube by short members (14, 15) welded on either side to adjacent tubes (21, 22, 23) at a level below that of the top loops of the panel, and are connected to one another and to the adjacent tube below the fixing members by fins (26).

Description

La présente invention concerne un panneau d'échange de chaleur à tubes verticaux proches les uns des autres formant des boucles entre une entrée et une sortie par lesquelles ils sont suspendus à une structure rigide, et destinés à être en contact par leur surface extérieure avec des gaz chargés de suies, dans lequel les tubes de la partie centrale sont réunis entre eux par des ailettes continues. Elle s'étend en outre à des procédés de fabrication d'un tel panneau.The present invention relates to a heat exchange panel with vertical tubes close to each other forming loops between an inlet and an outlet by which they are suspended from a rigid structure, and intended to be in contact by their outer surface with gas loaded with soot, in which the tubes of the central part are joined together by continuous fins. It also extends to methods of manufacturing such a panel.

Lorsque l'on utilise des panneaux de ce genre pour l'échange de chaleur avec des gaz chargés de suies (tels que des gaz d'incinération de liqueur noire de papeterie ou d'ordures ménagères) circulant à l'extérieur des tubes, et surtout lorsqu'ils sont espacés d'un pas (distance entre les axes des tubes) relativement important (par exemple double du diamètre des tubes), il se produit assez rapidement des dépôts de suies entre les tubes. Ceux-ci abaissent le coefficient d'échange de chaleur et provoquent parfois une forte corrosion des tubes, et ils sont difficiles à éliminer par ramonage au jet de vapeur.When using panels of this kind for the exchange of heat with gases loaded with soot (such as gases for the incineration of black liquor from stationery or household waste) circulating outside the tubes, and especially when they are spaced apart by a relatively large pitch (distance between the axes of the tubes) (for example twice the diameter of the tubes), deposits of soot between the tubes are produced fairly quickly. These lower the heat exchange coefficient and sometimes cause severe corrosion of the tubes, and they are difficult to remove by sweeping with a steam jet.

Pour remédier à ces difficultés, on a utilisé des panneaux de tubes d'écartement très faible (pas supérieur de quelques mm seulement au diamètre des tubes), en maintenant les tubes entre eux au moyen de petits ronds soudés de place en place entre ceux-ci. Le nettoyage de tels panneaux est plus facile, mais cette disposition nécessitait de nombreuses soudures manuelles, et ces soudures ne résistaient pas à la longue aux contraintes dues aux différences de température entre tubes et aux sollicitations agissant sur les panneaux. Elles entrainaient alors des fissurations et des fuites dans les tubes.To overcome these difficulties, we used panels of very small spacing tubes (no more than a few mm greater than the diameter of the tubes), holding the tubes together by means of small rounds welded from place to place between them. this. The cleaning of such panels is easier, but this arrangement required numerous manual welds, and these welds did not in the long term withstand the stresses due to the differences in temperature between tubes and the stresses acting on the panels. They then caused cracks and leaks in the tubes.

Le document FR-A-1 418 565 décrit un panneau de tubes d'échange de chaleur, de faible écartement, et qui sont tous réunis entre eux par des ailettes. Les soudures des ailettes sur les tubes extrêmes sont également soumises à des contraintes dues aux différentes de température entre tubes et au poids des tubes de la partie centrale, entraînant des risques de fissurations et de fuites.The document FR-A-1 418 565 describes a panel of heat exchange tubes, of small spacing, and which are all joined together by fins. The welds of the fins on the end tubes are also subjected to stresses due to the differences in temperature between tubes and to the weight of the tubes in the central part, leading to risks of cracking and leakage.

Le document US-A-3 880 123 décrit un panneau de tubes d'échange de chaleur, de faible écartement, réunis entre eux par de courts éléments d'ailette, à l'exception de chacun des tubes supportés par un collecteur les plus proches du milieu du panneau et du tube adjacent non supporté. Ces derniers sont solidarisés par des éléments de profil en forme de S entrecroisés et superposés, dont les extrémités sont soudées sur les tubes adjacents. Un tel panneau n'évite pas l'accumulation entre les tubes de dépôts de suies difficiles à éliminer.Document US-A-3 880 123 describes a panel of heat exchange tubes, of small spacing, joined together by short fin elements, with the exception of each of the tubes supported by a nearest collector the middle of the panel and the adjacent unsupported tube. The latter are joined by overlapping and superimposed S-shaped profile elements, the ends of which are welded to the adjacent tubes. Such a panel does not prevent accumulation between the tubes of soot deposits which are difficult to remove.

La présente invention a pour but de procurer un panneau d'échange de chaleur avec des gaz chargés de suies, qui soit facile à nettoyer des dépôts de suies, mais soit en même temps de fabrication facile et mécanisable et ne présente pas de fragilité de ses soudures.The present invention aims to provide a heat exchange panel with soot-laden gases, which is easy to clean off soot deposits, but is at the same time easy and mechanizable to manufacture and does not exhibit any brittleness of its solders.

Le panneau d'échange de chaleur selon l'invention est caractérisé en ce que tous ses tubes sont distants les uns des autres d'un pas de peu supérieur à leur diamètre extérieur, et en ce que les tubes extrêmes reliés directement à la structure de suspension sont solidarisés entre eux et avec le tube adjacent le plus proche par des organes de faible inférieur à celui des boucles supérieures du panneau, et sont réunis entre eux et avec le tube adjacent au-dessous des organes de solidarisation par des ailettes.The heat exchange panel according to the invention is characterized in that all of its tubes are spaced from each other by a pitch of little more than their outside diameter, and in that the extreme tubes connected directly to the structure of suspension are secured to each other and to the nearest adjacent tube by members of low lower than that of the upper loops of the panel, and are joined together and with the adjacent tube below the fastening members by fins.

Il répond en outre de préférence à au moins l'une des caractéristiques suivantes:

  • - Les ailettes continues sont des éléments verticaux rapportés et soudées de part et d'autre sur les tubes voisins.
  • - Les ailettes continues sont des éléments verticaux déposés par fusion directe de métal entre deux tubes voisins.
  • - Les ailettes continues sont formées par la jonction par soudage de nervures en regard des tubes voisins.
  • - La partie des ailettes entre les tubes extrêmes et le tube adjacent le plus proche est fendue dans la zone la plus proche des organes de solidarisation.
  • - Le fond des fentes dans cette zone est formé par un trou circulaire de diamètre supérieur à la largeur de la fente correspondante.
It also preferably meets at least one of the following characteristics:
  • - The continuous fins are vertical elements attached and welded on both sides to the neighboring tubes.
  • - Continuous fins are vertical elements deposited by direct metal fusion between two neighboring tubes.
  • - The continuous fins are formed by the junction by welding of ribs facing the neighboring tubes.
  • - The part of the fins between the end tubes and the nearest adjacent tube is split in the area closest to the fastening members.
  • - The bottom of the slots in this area is formed by a circular hole with a diameter greater than the width of the corresponding slot.

Selon un premier procédé de fabrication du panneau de l'invention, on forme séparément deux à plusieurs circuits de tubes droits à extrémités en boucle, on les introduit les uns dans les autres en assemblant côte à côte les tronçons droits des tubes, on forme des ailettes entre ces tronçons droits, on dispose entre les tronçons extrêmes suspendus à la structure rigide et le tronçon adjacent, un peu au-dessus des ailettes, des éléments verticaux de solidarisation, puis on soude ces éléments avec les tubes adjacents à l'aide d'une machine de soudage en translation le long des tubes.According to a first method of manufacturing the panel of the invention, two separate circuits of straight tubes with loop ends are formed separately, they are introduced into one another by assembling the straight sections of the tubes side by side, fins between these straight sections, there are between the end sections suspended from the rigid structure and the adjacent section, a little above the fins, vertical fastening elements, then these elements are welded with the adjacent tubes using '' a welding machine in translation along the tubes.

Selon un autre procédé de fabrication de ce panneau, on assemble côte à côte des tronçons de tubes droits, on forme des ailettes entre ces tronçons, on dispose entre les tronçons extrêmes suspendus à la structure rigide et le tronçon adjacent, un peu au-dessus des ailettes, des éléments verticaux de solidarisation, on soude ces éléments avec les tronçons de tubes adjacents à l'aide d'une machine de soudage en translation le long de ces tronçons, puis on soude sur leurs extrémités des boucles de raccordement.According to another method of manufacturing this panel, sections of straight tubes are assembled side by side, fins are formed between these sections, there is between the end sections suspended from the rigid structure and the adjacent section, a little above fins, vertical fixing elements, these elements are welded with the adjacent tube sections using a welding machine in translation along these sections, then the connection loops are welded on their ends.

Pour former les ailettes, on peut :

  • - soit disposer entre des tubes droits des éléments verticaux, puis souder ces éléments de part et d'autre sur les tubes adjacents
  • - soit déposer ces ailettes par fusion directe de métal entre les tubes
  • - soit assembler côte à côte des tubes droits munis de nervures dans un plan diamétral, et souder ces nervures entre elles.
To form the fins, we can:
  • - either have vertical elements between straight tubes, then weld these elements on either side on the adjacent tubes
  • - either deposit these fins by direct metal fusion between the tubes
  • - Or assemble side by side straight tubes provided with ribs in a diametral plane, and weld these ribs together.

Il est décrit ci-après, à titre d'exemple et en référence aux figures du dessin annexé, un panneau d'échange de chaleur pour chaudière à récupération de chaleur par incinération de liqueur noire de papeterie ou d'ordures ménagères.

  • La figure 1 représente en élévation l'ensemble du panneau.
  • La figure 2 représente le détail Il de la figure.
  • La figure 3 représente une coupe par l'axe III-III de la figure 2. Les figures 4 et 5 représentent respectivement des coupes selon les axes IV-IV et V-V de la figure 1.
It is described below, by way of example and with reference to the figures of the accompanying drawing, a heat exchange panel for a heat recovery boiler by incineration of black stationery liquor or household waste.
  • Figure 1 shows in elevation the entire panel.
  • Figure 2 shows the detail II of the figure.
  • FIG. 3 represents a section through the axis III-III of FIG. 2. FIGS. 4 and 5 respectively represent sections along the axes IV-IV and VV of FIG. 1.

Les figures 6, 7 et 8 représentent respectivement des coupes selon l'axe VI-VI de la figure 1, selon trois variantes de constitution des ailettes.Figures 6, 7 and 8 respectively show sections along the axis VI-VI of Figure 1, according to three variants of constitution of the fins.

Dans la figure 1, le panneau d'échange de chaleur se compose de deux tubes 1, 2 proches l'un de l'autre, et dont les convolutions sont imbriquées l'une dans l'autre. L'écartement de ces tubes a été exagéré pour plus de clarté. Ils sont suspendus par leurs extrémités d'entrée 1A et de sortie 1 B à des structures fixes 3 et 4. Par exemple, pour des tubes de diamètre extérieur 51 mm, leur pas (écartement de leurs axes) est de 60 ou 63 mm. Ces tubes forment à leur partie inférieure des boucles 5,6, 7, 8 et à leur partie supérieure des boucles 9, 10, 11. Les tubes 1 et 2 sont reliés entre eux sur la plus grande partie de leur longueur par une ailette 12.In Figure 1, the heat exchange panel consists of two tubes 1, 2 close to each other, and whose convolutions are nested one inside the other. The spacing of these tubes has been exaggerated for clarity. They are suspended by their inlet 1A and outlet 1B ends from fixed structures 3 and 4. For example, for tubes with an outside diameter of 51 mm, their pitch (spacing of their axes) is 60 or 63 mm. These tubes form loops 5, 6, 7, 8 at their lower part and loops 9, 10, 11 at their upper part. Tubes 1 and 2 are interconnected over most of their length by a fin 12 .

Pour éviter que les efforts dûs à une éventuelle différence de dilatation dans la direction représentée par la flèche 13 entre le panneau et le système de suspension n'introduisent des contraintes excessives sur l'extrémité supérieure de l'ailette de jonction entre les tronçons extrêmes des tubes reliées aux structures de suspension fixes et entre celles-ci et le tronçon adjacent, les deux tronçons extrêmes et le tronçon adjacent sont reliés par l'intermédiaire d'éléments de solidarisation 14, 15, soudés sur les tubes adjacents selon des génératrices. Ces éléments sont représentés à plus grande échelle sur les figures 2 et 3, correspondant au détail Il de la figure 1. L'élément 14 relie les tronçons de tube extrêmes 21 et 22, et l'élément 15 le tronçon 22 avec le tronçon adjacent 23 du panneau. Ces panneaux peuvent être doubles comme representé figure 1, mais ils peuvent etre simples, triples ou quadruples.To prevent the forces due to a possible difference in expansion in the direction represented by arrow 13 between the panel and the suspension system from introducing excessive stresses on the upper end of the fin of junction between the extreme sections of the tubes connected to the fixed suspension structures and between them and the adjacent section, the two end sections and the adjacent section are connected by means of fastening elements 14, 15, welded to the adjacent tubes according to generatrices. These elements are shown on a larger scale in FIGS. 2 and 3, corresponding to the detail II of FIG. 1. The element 14 connects the end tube sections 21 and 22, and the element 15 the section 22 with the adjacent section 23 of the panel. These panels can be double as shown in Figure 1, but they can be single, triple or quadruple.

Les éléments d'ailette de jonction 26, 27 (dont la largeur a été exagérée pour plus de clarté) s'arrêtent un peu au-dessous des éléments 14, 15. Pour donner de la souplesse a la liaison entre les tronçons de tube, la zone supérieure des ailettes comporte une fente telle que 28, se terminant par un trou circulaire 29 afin d'éviter une amorce de propagation de fissure. De la sorte, les contraintes dûes aux dilatation différentielles se transmettent par les pièces 14, 15 et se dissipent dans l'ensemble du panneau.The connecting fin elements 26, 27 (the width of which has been exaggerated for greater clarity) stop a little below the elements 14, 15. To give flexibility to the connection between the sections of tube, the upper zone of the fins has a slot such as 28, ending in a circular hole 29 in order to avoid a crack propagation initiation. In this way, the stresses due to differential expansion are transmitted by the parts 14, 15 and dissipate throughout the panel.

Par contre, les tronçons de tubes 23, 24, comme tous ceux de la partie centrale du panneau, sont solidarisés par une ailette continue 25.On the other hand, the sections of tubes 23, 24, like all those of the central part of the panel, are secured by a continuous fin 25.

La figure 4 représente une coupe par un plan horizontal dans la partie supérieure du panneau, au-dessus du niveau des éléments creux de solidarisation 14, 15. Les tronçons de tubes 21, 22 et 23 sont séparés les uns des autres, cependant que les tronçons 23, 24, 30, et ainsi de suite, sont reliés par une ailette.4 shows a section through a horizontal plane in the upper part of the panel, above the level of the hollow securing elements 14, 15. The sections of tubes 21, 22 and 23 are separated from each other, while the sections 23, 24, 30, and so on, are connected by a fin.

Par contre, dans la coupe représentée en figure 5, selon l'axe V-V de la figure 1, au-dessous du niveau des éléments creux de liaison 14, 15 tous les tronçons de tube 21, 22, 23, 24, 30, etc, sont solidarisés par une ailette.By cons, in the section shown in Figure 5, along the axis VV of Figure 1, below the level of the hollow connecting elements 14, 15 all the tube sections 21, 22, 23, 24, 30, etc. , are secured by a fin.

Les figures 6, 7 et 8 représentent trois variantes de constitution de l'ailette de jonction entre les tronçons de tubes. Elles correspondent à une coupe selon l'axe VI-VI de la figure 1.Figures 6, 7 and 8 show three variants of the constitution of the junction fin between the sections of tubes. They correspond to a section along the axis VI-VI of FIG. 1.

La figure 6 représente une ailette de jonction formée par des plats verticaux 34, 35, rapportés et soudes de chaque côté sur les tubes 31, 32, 33 selon des lignes de soudure telles que 36, 37. Les tubes peuvent comporter déjà leurs boucles d'extrémité et avoir été mis en place l'un à l'intérieur de l'autre, ou les boucles d'extrémités peuvent être soudées sur les extrémités des tronçons de tube après mise en place des ailittes; dans ce cas la machine à souder se déplace le long des axes des tubes.FIG. 6 represents a junction fin formed by vertical plates 34, 35, attached and welded on each side on the tubes 31, 32, 33 along weld lines such as 36, 37. The tubes may already have their loops of end and have been placed one inside the other, or the end loops can be welded to the ends of the tube sections after fitting the fins; in this case the welding machine moves along the axes of the tubes.

La figure 7 représente des ailettes de jonction 38, 39 formées par dépôt de métal fondu entre les tronçons de tube adjacents 31, 32, 33, par une machine automatique fixe dans laquelle défilent les tubes. Les boucles d'extrémités sont soudées ultérieurement sur les extrémités des tronçons de tube.FIG. 7 represents junction fins 38, 39 formed by depositing molten metal between the adjacent tube sections 31, 32, 33, by a fixed automatic machine in which the tubes pass. The end loops are subsequently welded to the ends of the tube sections.

La figure 8 représente des ailettes de jonction 40, 41 formées par soudure 42, 43 de tubes 31, 32, 33 munis de nervures dans un plan diamétral Dans ce cas également, la soudure des nervures entre elles s'effectue par une machine fixe. Les boucles d'extrémités sont soudées ultérieurement.FIG. 8 shows junction fins 40, 41 formed by welding 42, 43 of tubes 31, 32, 33 provided with ribs in a diametrical plane. In this case also, the welding of the ribs to each other is carried out by a stationary machine. The end loops are welded later.

Le panneau d'échange de chaleur selon l'invention s'applique plus particulièrement aux chaudières de récupération de chaleur par incinération de liqueur noire de papeterie ou d'ordures ménagères, mais il convient dans tous les cas ou l'on doit effectuer un échange de chaleur entre un fluide à réchauffer ou vaporiser circulant à l'intérieur des tubes et des gaz ou vapeurs chargés de poussières solides circulant autour de ceux-ci.The heat exchange panel according to the invention applies more particularly to heat recovery boilers by incineration of black stationery liquor or household waste, but it is suitable in all cases where an exchange must be carried out of heat between a fluid to be heated or vaporized circulating inside the tubes and gases or vapors laden with solid dust circulating around them.

Claims (11)

1. A heat exchanger panel with vertical tubes (1, 2) close to one another, forming loops (5 to 8 and 9 to 11) at their lower part and at their upper part between an inlet (1A) and an outlet (1 B), by which they are suspended from a rigid structure (3, 4), and intended to be in contact via their outer surface with soot-loaded gases, in which the tubes of the central part are interconnected by continuous fins (25), characterized in that all the tubes are distant from one another by a pitch slightly greater than their outer diameter, and in that the end tubes which are directly connected to the suspension structure are fixed to one another and to the nearest adjacent tube by short members (14, 15) welded on either side on the neighbouring tubes (21, 22, 23) at a lower level than that of the upper loops of the panel, and are connected to each other and to the adjacent tube below the fixing members by fins (26).
2. A panel according to claim 1, characterized in that the continuous fins are vertical elements (34, 35, fig. 6) and are welded on either side to the adjacent tubes.
3. A panel according to claim 1, characterized in that the continuous fins are vertical elements (38, 39, fig. 7) deposited by direct metal melting between two adjacent tubes.
4. A panel according to claim 1, characterized in that the continuous fins are formed by welding together facing ribs (40, 41, fig. 8) of the adjacent tubes.
5. A panel according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the portion of the fins between the end tubes and the nearest adjacent tube is split (28, fig. 2) in the zone closest to the fixing members.
6. A panel according to claim 5, characterized in that the bottom of the splits is formed by a circular hole (29) of a larger diameter than the width of the corresponding split.
7. A method of manufacturing a heat exchanger panel according to claim 1, characterized in that two or more circuits of straight tubes with loop ends are formed separately, in that they are nested into one another by assembling side by side the straight portions of the tubes, in that fins are formed between these straight portions, in that vertical fixing elements are placed between the end portions suspended at the rigid structure and the adjacent portion, slightly above the fins, and in that finally these elements are welded to the adjacent tubes by means of a welding machine moving in translation along the tubes.
8. A method of manufacturing a heat exchanger panel according to claim 1, characterized in that portions of straight tubes are assembled side by side, fins are formed between these portions, vertical fixing elements are placed between the end portions suspended to the rigid structure and the adjacent portion, slightly above the fins, that these elements are welded to the adjacent tubes by means of a welding machine moving in translation along these portions, and that connection loops are welded to their ends.
9. A method according to claims 7 or 8, characterized in that the fins are formed by disposing vertical elements between the portions of straight tubes, then by welding these elements on either side onto the adjacent tubes.
10. A method according to claims 7 or 8, characterized in that the fins are formed by depositing them by direct metal melting between the straight portions of tubes.
11. A method according to claims 7 or 8, characterized in that straight tube portions supplied with ribs in a diametral plane are assembled side by side and in that these ribs are welded to one another.
EP85106871A 1984-06-05 1985-06-04 Vertical tube heat exchange panel for recovery boilers, such as black liquor boilers or town refuse incinerators, and manufacturing processes Expired EP0166989B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT85106871T ATE30636T1 (en) 1984-06-05 1985-06-04 HEAT EXCHANGE PLATE MADE OF VERTICAL TUBES, FOR RECOVERY STEAM GENERATORS SUCH AS BLACK LIKOER GENERATORS OR MUNICIPAL WASTE INCINERATORS, AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURE.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8408787 1984-06-05
FR8408787A FR2565338B1 (en) 1984-06-05 1984-06-05 HEAT EXCHANGE PANEL WITH VERTICAL TUBES, FOR RECOVERY BOILERS SUCH AS BLACK LIQUOR BOILERS, OR ON HOUSEHOLD WASTE INCINERATION FURNACES, AND METHODS OF MAKING SAME

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0166989A1 EP0166989A1 (en) 1986-01-08
EP0166989B1 true EP0166989B1 (en) 1987-11-04

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EP85106871A Expired EP0166989B1 (en) 1984-06-05 1985-06-04 Vertical tube heat exchange panel for recovery boilers, such as black liquor boilers or town refuse incinerators, and manufacturing processes

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US (1) US4638857A (en)
EP (1) EP0166989B1 (en)
JP (1) JPH0617722B2 (en)
KR (1) KR940001783B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE30636T1 (en)
DE (1) DE3560925D1 (en)
FR (1) FR2565338B1 (en)
IN (1) IN162680B (en)
ZA (1) ZA854222B (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US4638857A (en) 1987-01-27
DE3560925D1 (en) 1987-12-10
ZA854222B (en) 1986-01-29
KR940001783B1 (en) 1994-03-05
EP0166989A1 (en) 1986-01-08
JPS613902A (en) 1986-01-09
FR2565338B1 (en) 1988-10-07
IN162680B (en) 1988-06-25
JPH0617722B2 (en) 1994-03-09
ATE30636T1 (en) 1987-11-15
FR2565338A1 (en) 1985-12-06
KR860000530A (en) 1986-01-29

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