EP0161236A2 - Vorrichtung zum Herstellen von Schienen - Google Patents

Vorrichtung zum Herstellen von Schienen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0161236A2
EP0161236A2 EP85870064A EP85870064A EP0161236A2 EP 0161236 A2 EP0161236 A2 EP 0161236A2 EP 85870064 A EP85870064 A EP 85870064A EP 85870064 A EP85870064 A EP 85870064A EP 0161236 A2 EP0161236 A2 EP 0161236A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
bead
rail
temperature
cooling
rollers
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP85870064A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0161236A3 (en
EP0161236B1 (de
Inventor
Marios Economopoulos
Nicole Lambert
Pierre Simon
Conti René
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Centre de Recherches Metallurgiques CRM ASBL
Metallurgique Et Miniere De Rodange-Athus SA
Original Assignee
Centre de Recherches Metallurgiques CRM ASBL
Metallurgique Et Miniere De Rodange-Athus SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Centre de Recherches Metallurgiques CRM ASBL, Metallurgique Et Miniere De Rodange-Athus SA filed Critical Centre de Recherches Metallurgiques CRM ASBL
Priority to AT85870064T priority Critical patent/ATE66252T1/de
Publication of EP0161236A2 publication Critical patent/EP0161236A2/de
Publication of EP0161236A3 publication Critical patent/EP0161236A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0161236B1 publication Critical patent/EP0161236B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/62—Quenching devices
    • C21D1/667—Quenching devices for spray quenching
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B45/00—Devices for surface or other treatment of work, specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, metal-rolling mills
    • B21B45/02—Devices for surface or other treatment of work, specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, metal-rolling mills for lubricating, cooling, or cleaning
    • B21B45/0203—Cooling
    • B21B45/0209—Cooling devices, e.g. using gaseous coolants
    • B21B45/0215—Cooling devices, e.g. using gaseous coolants using liquid coolants, e.g. for sections, for tubes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/02—Hardening articles or materials formed by forging or rolling, with no further heating beyond that required for the formation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/04—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for rails
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B1/00—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations
    • B21B1/08—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling structural sections, i.e. work of special cross-section, e.g. angle steel
    • B21B1/085—Rail sections

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for manufacturing rails, and in particular high-resistance rails, comprising a heat treatment of the rails as soon as they leave the last stand of the rolling mill, that is to say in the hot rolling, as well as on an implementation device.
  • Its object is to obtain, preferably without adding alloying elements to the steel, rails having, after cooling, a high breaking strength, good wear resistance, good resistance impact, elongation at least equal to 10% and good weldability.
  • high strength steels it is especially meant steels containing 0.4% to 0.85% of C, 0.4% to 1% of Mn and 0.1% to 0.4% of Si and preferably 0 , 6% to 0.85% C and 0.6% to 0.8% Mn; where appropriate, these steels can contain up to 1% of Cr or up to 0.3% of Mo or up to 0.15% of V. It is not however outside the scope of the invention to apply the process with steels whose carbon and manganese contents are between 0.4% and 0.6% and which do not contain alloying elements.
  • the bead must be made of fine perlite free of proeutectoid ferrite and martensite and possibly containing a certain percentage of bainite and that the hardness gradient in the bead be as low as possible.
  • the applicants have proposed another method which consists in lowering the temperature of the rail at the outlet of the hot rolling mill to a value not less than that at which the pearlitic transformation in the bead begins; from this temperature, the continuously moving rail is subjected to rapid cooling until at least 80% of the aotenite-perlite allotropic transformation is carried out in the rail; the rail is then allowed to cool to room temperature.
  • the method of the invention is based on the unexpected observation that it is not necessary to carry out the complete allotropic transformation of the bead during the intense cooling treatment, to give the rail the desired properties; it is quite possible to obtain these properties even for relatively short treatment times, provided that the different parts of the rail are subjected to cooling, the intensities of which are chosen in an appropriate manner.
  • Figures 1, 2 and 3 attached hereto illustrate the reality of this basic principle of the method of the present invention; their purpose is to show that the properties (in this case the breaking load) are obtained while a large part of the bead is still in the austenitic state.
  • the curve A represents the evolution of the temperature of a point located 14 mm below the upper surface of the bead, during the rapid cooling phase (1) and during the cool-down phase on the normal cooler (II).
  • FIG. 2 represents, at two different times of a heat treatment in accordance with the principle of the invention, the state of the austenite / perlite transformation in the bead (ie V in%), from the upper surface to the surface lower (distance d between 0 and 35 mm); curve B gives the situation of this allotropic transformation at the outlet of the rapid cooling device and curve C this situation 25 seconds after the end of this cooling.
  • FIG. 1 It can be seen (FIG. 1) that at the depth of 14 mm (this depth corresponds to the taking of the tensile test pieces according to the standards), the cooling rate is 6.8 ° C / s and the temperature at the end of the treatment is 675 ° C.
  • Figure 2 shows that at the depth of 14 mm, the transformation hardly started at the end of the treatment; despite this, the properties corresponding to the target values were obtained at this depth.
  • FIG. 2 also shows that at the end of the rapid cooling phase, only 32% of the volume of the bead is transformed, this percentage rising to approximately 47%, 25 sec after the end of the treatment.
  • FIG. 3 represents both the distribution in the bead of temperatures (° C) and the state of the allotropic transformation (%) at the outlet of the rapid cooling device; on the abscissa are given the distances between the points considered and the upper surface of the bead (mm).
  • FIG. 3 shows that, for test No. 20 for example, the perlite formed in the bead at the outlet of the ramp only occupies around 42% of the volume thereof.
  • the thermal cycle imposed on the bead in the cooling installation and chosen on the basis of metallurgical considerations is applied in a particular and selective manner to the upper and lower parts of the bead, while the cooling of the core and the pad is adjusted according to the transient deformations of the rail during the treatment.
  • the deflection taken by the rail during treatment becomes so large that any mechanical guidance becomes illusory and the application of heat treatment of the rail impossible.
  • the upper part of the bead is intensively cooled to ensure in this part the allotropic transformation of austenite into perlite (possibly with bainite while mixing) while the lower part of the bead is much less cooled to preserve the austenitic state; during this same rapid cooling phase, the other parts are also cooled: parts of the rail to harmonize the expansions.
  • the process for the manufacture cation of rails, object of the present invention in which, as soon as it leaves the hot rolling mill, the temperature of the rail is lowered to a value not less than that at which the pearlitic transformation in the bead begins and, from this temperature , the rail in continuous travel is subjected to rapid cooling and then the rail is allowed to cool down to ambient temperature, is essentially characterized in that for a given temperature of the bead at the entrance to the rapid cooling ramp, adjusts the length of the ramp, the running speed of the rail and the average density of the heat fluxes applied to the bead, to the core and to the shoe so that on the one hand the final mechanical properties in the bead are obtained while , at the exit of the said ramp, less than 60% of the section of the bead has undergone the allotropic austenite-perlite transformation and, on the other hand, the differences in elongation between the bo urrelet and soul and between the bead and the pad are minimized.
  • the slow cooling phase which follows the rapid cooling phase, there is a temperature homogenization in the bead; the temperature decreases in the lower part of the bead due to the departure of calories to the cooler adjacent parts of the rail, that is to say both the upper part of the bead and the core.
  • the residual austenite also turns into perlite and the entire rail then acquires the desired microstructure.
  • the cooling is adjusted in such a way that the martensite is not formed at any point of the bead.
  • the choice of the length of the rapid cooling ramp and of the running speed of the rail in this ramp amounts to fixing the duration of the treatment in question; these values are linked to the choice of the average density of the heat flux applied to the surface of the bead during the heat treatment.
  • This particular characteristic of the process of the invention is based on the work of the applicants relating to the cooling effect of the various devices which can be used to implement the process, and in particular the case of a nozzle of a determined type, placed at a certain height above the cooled surface and supplied with water at a known rate and temperature.
  • FIG. 5 shows the evolution of the surface temperature of the bead in the middle part of the cooling system.
  • the surface temperature of the bead rises although, in the arrangement of sprinklers corresponding to this figure, the entire surface of the bead between two consecutive sprinklers is under water.
  • the temperature at the start of martensite formation 250 ° C for the steel considered
  • ⁇ 1 is the value of the average flow in the area under direct influence of the sprinklers
  • ⁇ 2 is the value of the average flow in the flooded area, but not watered between sprinklers
  • At the distance between sprinklers and B the width of the sprinkled area by a sprinkler; the values of these parameters are known when it is a specific installation.
  • TMT average transformation temperature
  • Figure 8 shows an example of the relationship between the breaking load and TMT for a steel at 0.75% C and 0.72% Mn. This fact is of the greatest importance not only for the definition of the thermal cycle, but also for the control of the process.
  • the core and the shoe of the rail are cooled by water nozzles similar to those used for the bead.
  • the desired average flow is obtained by adjusting the distance between nozzles and the water flow rate per nozzle; these two parameters can be adjusted separately for the core and for the skate.
  • FIG. 10 shows an exemplary embodiment of the principles set out above. Some of the guide groups can also be used as means for driving the rail with adjustable speed.
  • rollers 1, l ', 1 ", ... arranged against the shoe of the rail and 2, 2', 2", ... arranged against the upper face of the bead are used for so-called “vertical” guidance ;
  • rollers 3, 3 ', 3 ", ... pressed against the short sides of the bead are used for so-called” horizontal "guidance.
  • all or part of the guide rollers are supported on the rail with forces whose values are chosen beforehand to tolerate a certain deformation of the rail during the heat treatment.
  • it is advantageous to leave the rollers which are supported with such a predetermined force for example the rollers 2, 2 ′, 2 "in FIG. 10), limited mobility in the guide plane, while that the other rollers are said to be "fixed in space” (for example the rollers 1, 1 ′, 1 "in FIG. 10).
  • Measuring the position of the rollers pressing on the rail with a preset force makes it possible to determine the deformations of the rail during processing.
  • the computer separately adjusts the cooling on the core and the shoe so as to minimize deformation of the rail during treatment.
  • This adaptation of the cooling on the core and on the shoe in order to minimize the deformations of the rail can be carried out both in the vertical plane and in the horizontal plane.
  • FIG. 10 a further distinction is made between the cooling boxes fitted with sprinklers, spraying respectively the upper face of the bead (box 4), the lower face of the shoe (box 5) and the two faces of the core (boxes 6 and 7 ).

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
  • Escalators And Moving Walkways (AREA)
  • Metal Rolling (AREA)
  • Machines For Laying And Maintaining Railways (AREA)
  • Control Of Vehicles With Linear Motors And Vehicles That Are Magnetically Levitated (AREA)
EP85870064A 1984-05-09 1985-05-08 Vorrichtung zum Herstellen von Schienen Expired - Lifetime EP0161236B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT85870064T ATE66252T1 (de) 1984-05-09 1985-05-08 Vorrichtung zum herstellen von schienen.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE6047966 1984-05-09
BE6/47966A BE899617A (fr) 1984-05-09 1984-05-09 Procede et dispositif perfectionnes pour la fabrication de rails.

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0161236A2 true EP0161236A2 (de) 1985-11-13
EP0161236A3 EP0161236A3 (en) 1987-05-13
EP0161236B1 EP0161236B1 (de) 1991-08-14

Family

ID=3874946

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP85870064A Expired - Lifetime EP0161236B1 (de) 1984-05-09 1985-05-08 Vorrichtung zum Herstellen von Schienen

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US4668308A (de)
EP (1) EP0161236B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE66252T1 (de)
AU (1) AU578689B2 (de)
BE (1) BE899617A (de)
CA (1) CA1262670A (de)
DE (1) DE3583768D1 (de)
LU (1) LU85885A1 (de)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0247021A2 (de) * 1986-05-22 1987-11-25 VOEST-ALPINE Eisenbahnsysteme Gesellschaft m.b.H. Einrichtung zur gesteuerten Wärmebehandlung von Weichenteilen
EP0252895A2 (de) * 1986-07-10 1988-01-13 CENTRE DE RECHERCHES METALLURGIQUES CENTRUM VOOR RESEARCH IN DE METALLURGIE Association sans but lucratif Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Herstellen hochfester Schienen
EP0502986A1 (de) * 1989-12-01 1992-09-16 Cf & I Steel Corp Fortlaufende schienenproduktion.
WO1996010095A1 (fr) * 1994-09-29 1996-04-04 Centre De Recherches Metallurgiques - Centrum Voor Research In De Metallurgie Procede de fabrication de rails

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE899617A (fr) * 1984-05-09 1984-11-09 Centre Rech Metallurgique Procede et dispositif perfectionnes pour la fabrication de rails.
DE3579681D1 (de) * 1984-12-24 1990-10-18 Nippon Steel Corp Verfahren und vorrichtung zum waermebehandeln von schienen.
US4886558A (en) * 1987-05-28 1989-12-12 Nkk Corporation Method for heat-treating steel rail head
US4895605A (en) * 1988-08-19 1990-01-23 Algoma Steel Corporation Method for the manufacture of hardened railroad rails
DE4200545A1 (de) * 1992-01-11 1993-07-15 Butzbacher Weichenbau Gmbh Gleisteile sowie verfahren zur herstellung dieser
EP0807692A1 (de) * 1996-05-15 1997-11-19 Sms Schloemann-Siemag Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren zum Kühlen von Profilstahl-Trägern
ITMI20072244A1 (it) * 2007-11-28 2009-05-29 Danieli Off Mecc Dispositivo per trattamento termico di rotaie e relativo processo
EP2674504A1 (de) 2012-06-11 2013-12-18 Siemens S.p.A. Verfahren und System zur Wärmebehandlung von Schienen

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR770659A (fr) * 1934-03-26 1934-09-18 Laminoirs Hauts Fourneaux Forg Procédé perfectionné pour la trempe des rails vignoles et des rails à gorge permettant d'éviter la fragilité
FR852749A (fr) * 1938-04-12 1940-03-01 Procédé et appareil de traitement thermique des rails en acier
FR2109121A5 (de) * 1970-10-02 1972-05-26 Wendel Sidelor
EP0098492A2 (de) * 1982-07-06 1984-01-18 The Algoma Steel Corporation, Limited Herstellungsverfahren von verbesserten Eisenbahnschienen durch beschleunigtes Abkühlen in Reihe mit dem Herstellungswalzwerk

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB422954A (en) * 1933-07-11 1935-01-11 Illinois Steel Company Heat treatment of steel rails
BE826456A (fr) * 1975-03-07 1975-06-30 Procede pour le traitement des rails
JPS57198216A (en) * 1981-05-27 1982-12-04 Nippon Kokan Kk <Nkk> Manufacture of high-strength rail
LU84417A1 (fr) * 1982-10-11 1984-05-10 Centre Rech Metallurgique Procede perfectionne pour la fabrication de rails et rails obtenus par ce procede
BE899617A (fr) * 1984-05-09 1984-11-09 Centre Rech Metallurgique Procede et dispositif perfectionnes pour la fabrication de rails.

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR770659A (fr) * 1934-03-26 1934-09-18 Laminoirs Hauts Fourneaux Forg Procédé perfectionné pour la trempe des rails vignoles et des rails à gorge permettant d'éviter la fragilité
FR852749A (fr) * 1938-04-12 1940-03-01 Procédé et appareil de traitement thermique des rails en acier
FR2109121A5 (de) * 1970-10-02 1972-05-26 Wendel Sidelor
EP0098492A2 (de) * 1982-07-06 1984-01-18 The Algoma Steel Corporation, Limited Herstellungsverfahren von verbesserten Eisenbahnschienen durch beschleunigtes Abkühlen in Reihe mit dem Herstellungswalzwerk

Non-Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
Cinétique de la transformation allotropique des aciers. Application au refroidissement du fil machine en acier dur. Thèse de Doctorat en Sciences Appliquées- Université de Liège, Faculté des Sciences Appliquées, Publication no. 80, 1979, pages 23-63 (N. LAMBERT) *
Laboratory Study of the S.ED.C. Cycle for Mild Steels. 1st part : Ferritic Grain Growth - Metallurgical Reports CRM, no. 55, November 1979, pages 25-32 (M. ECONOMOPOULOS, N. LAMBERT) *
The EDC process : metallurgical background and industrial application - Wire Journal, 1981, mars, pages 90-95 (M. ECONOMOPOULOS, N. LAMBERT) *

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0247021A2 (de) * 1986-05-22 1987-11-25 VOEST-ALPINE Eisenbahnsysteme Gesellschaft m.b.H. Einrichtung zur gesteuerten Wärmebehandlung von Weichenteilen
AT384624B (de) * 1986-05-22 1987-12-10 Voest Alpine Ag Einrichtung zur gesteuerten waermebehandlung von weichenteilen
EP0247021A3 (en) * 1986-05-22 1988-09-07 Voest-Alpine Aktiengesellschaft Apparatus for the controlled thermal treatment of railroad-switch components
EP0252895A2 (de) * 1986-07-10 1988-01-13 CENTRE DE RECHERCHES METALLURGIQUES CENTRUM VOOR RESEARCH IN DE METALLURGIE Association sans but lucratif Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Herstellen hochfester Schienen
EP0252895A3 (en) * 1986-07-10 1990-07-18 Centre De Recherches Metallurgiques Centrum Voor Research In De Metallurgie Association Sans But Lucratif Method and apparatus for producing high resistant rails
EP0502986A1 (de) * 1989-12-01 1992-09-16 Cf & I Steel Corp Fortlaufende schienenproduktion.
EP0502986A4 (en) * 1989-12-01 1993-06-30 Cf&I Steel Corporation Continuous rail production
WO1996010095A1 (fr) * 1994-09-29 1996-04-04 Centre De Recherches Metallurgiques - Centrum Voor Research In De Metallurgie Procede de fabrication de rails

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA1262670A (en) 1989-11-07
AU578689B2 (en) 1988-11-03
DE3583768D1 (de) 1991-09-19
EP0161236A3 (en) 1987-05-13
LU85885A1 (fr) 1986-01-14
AU4224085A (en) 1985-11-14
EP0161236B1 (de) 1991-08-14
BE899617A (fr) 1984-11-09
ATE66252T1 (de) 1991-08-15
US4668308A (en) 1987-05-26

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