EP0156853A1 - Procede de production de surfaces en aluminium stables aux conditions atmospheriques, permettant la peinture et le collage a l'aide d'adhesifs, et produits ainsi obtenus - Google Patents

Procede de production de surfaces en aluminium stables aux conditions atmospheriques, permettant la peinture et le collage a l'aide d'adhesifs, et produits ainsi obtenus

Info

Publication number
EP0156853A1
EP0156853A1 EP84903515A EP84903515A EP0156853A1 EP 0156853 A1 EP0156853 A1 EP 0156853A1 EP 84903515 A EP84903515 A EP 84903515A EP 84903515 A EP84903515 A EP 84903515A EP 0156853 A1 EP0156853 A1 EP 0156853A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
aluminum
acid
set forth
weight
fluoride ions
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP84903515A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0156853A4 (fr
Inventor
Larry A. Garner
James H. Schwartz
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
HH Robertson Co
Original Assignee
HH Robertson Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by HH Robertson Co filed Critical HH Robertson Co
Publication of EP0156853A1 publication Critical patent/EP0156853A1/fr
Publication of EP0156853A4 publication Critical patent/EP0156853A4/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D3/00—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D3/10—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by other chemical means
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C22/78—Pretreatment of the material to be coated
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23F—NON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
    • C23F1/00—Etching metallic material by chemical means
    • C23F1/10—Etching compositions
    • C23F1/14—Aqueous compositions
    • C23F1/16—Acidic compositions
    • C23F1/20—Acidic compositions for etching aluminium or alloys thereof

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for pre ⁇ paring aluminum and aluminum alloy surfaces in which the treated surface is particularly well-suited for painting or adhesive bonding. More particularly, the present invention relates to a method for preparing aluminum and aluminum alloy surfaces which are capable of forming environmentally stable bonds with either paint or adhesives and the product produced thereby.
  • Aluminum and its various alloys are widely used in sheet and panel form and in a multitude of different structur- al forms, many of these requiring a paint finish with others requiring that they be bonded to another object.
  • the same aluminum component such as a sheet or panel, may need to be adhesively bonded on one surface to aluminum honeycomb or core, for example, and to have the other surface painted.
  • OMPI__ method would avoid the substantial additional expense of pro ⁇ viding a protective layer on one surface of aluminum that is to be painted, for example, when the surfaces are run through a pretreatment process to permit effective adhesive bonding, the protective coating being removed and a further but differ ⁇ ent pretreatment process carried out to provide the proper pretreatment for subsequent painting of that surface. Also, there may be instances where it may be desired to stock pre- treated aluminum material in coil or other forms where the end use of the material is not known in advance. A single pre-? treatment process which would provide for either painting or adhesive bonding would be advantageous and economical.
  • a single pretreatment method that was used commer ⁇ cially to prepare the surfaces of aluminum and its alloys for either adhesive bonding or painting comprised the steps of alkaline cleaning the aluminum, rinsing with hot water, acid cleaning with a non-aggressive acid, rinsing, caustic etching, rinsing, desmutting, rinsing, forming a chrornate-phosphate conversion coat, and then rinsing and drying before painting or adhesively bonding.
  • the provision of methods for preparing aluminum and aluminum alloy surfaces so that these surfaces are capable of forming environmentally stable bonds with either paint or adhesives ; the provision of such methods in which the adhesive bonds thus formed have advantageous long-term durability, particularly in aqueous environments, and adhesive failures at the aluminum/adhesive interface-are minimized; the provision of such methods in which the adhesive bonds formed rival those achieved by aircraft technology; the provision of such methods which serve as an excellent paint pretreatment and satisfy the requirements of Architectural Aluminum Manufacturers Associa ⁇ tion Publication No. AAMA 605.2; the provision of a body hav ⁇ ing a surface of aluminum or an alloy thereof which will form such advantageous environmentally stable bonds with either a paint or an adhesive.
  • the method of the present invention com- " prises the steps of acid etching a clean surface of aluminum and aluminum alloys by contacting them with an acid etchant for a time sufficient to effect a loss of weight of the alumi- num and its alloys being treated in an amount in excess of 400 2 mg/ft , rinsing the acid-etched -surface and thereafter form-
  • the method for producing environ ⁇ mentally stable painted surfaces comprises the steps of pre ⁇ paring a surface of aluminum or aluminum alloy in accordance with the method of the present invention, painting the surface with the appropriate organic coating, and then curing the painted surface.
  • the method for producing environ ⁇ mentally stable adhesively bonded surfaces comprises the steps of preparing aluminum or aluminum alloy surfaces in accordance with the method of the present invention, applying a polymeric adhesive, positioning thereon a material to be adhesively bonded to the aluminum, and maintaining the material in con ⁇ tact with the adhesive until it is cured.
  • Two further aspects of the present invention are bodies having surfaces of aluminum or alloys of aluminum which will form an environmentally stable bond with either a paint or an adhesive. These bodies may be formed by preparing the surfaces of aluminum or aluminum alloys in accordance with the method of the present invention. Once painted or adhesively bonded, these bodies will exhibit long-term durability even under severe environmental conditions.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of a process of the present invention.
  • aluminum and aluminum alloys can be prepared in such a manner that once prepared, the aluminum or aluminum alloy can be advantageously painted or adhesively bonded to other materials wherein the aluminum-paint and aluminum- adhesive bonds exhibit improved long-term durability while under harsh conditions.
  • Fig. 1 shows a flow diagram of a preferred embodi ⁇ ment of the present invention in which aluminum as received is subjected to a cleaning process in preparation for the surface treatment.
  • the alkaline -cleaner preferred is a no ⁇ - phosphated, non-sili ⁇ ated mildly alkaline cleaner that either does not etch or only mildly etches the aluminum surface.
  • One such suitable cleaner is sold by Turco Products, Inc., Carson, California, under the trade designation Turco 4215-NC-LT.
  • the alkaline cleaner utilized is then removed in a hot water rinse.
  • the surface of the aluminum is contacted with an acid etchant for a time sufficient to result in a loss in weight of the aluminum in an amount in excess of approximately 400 mg/ft .
  • the loss in weight of the aluminum is within the range of about 400 to about 1000 mg/ft and it is most pre ⁇ ferred to achieve a weight loss on the order of 700 mg/ft 2 .
  • a suitable acid etchant for this purpose is a solution con ⁇ taining sulfuric acid and flouride ions and a preferred acid etchant for this purpose is a solution containing about 8% to about 12% sulfuric acid by volume and about .005% to about 10% by weight flouride ions.
  • the acid etchant is maintained at a temperature in the range of ambi'ent to about 150°F and is pre ⁇ ferred within a range of about 100° to about 120°F and in a most preferred embodiment it is maintained at a temperature of approximately 112°F.
  • the acid-etenant and the aluminum are contacted for a time sufficient to achieve the desired loss of weight of the aluminum, this time varying with the strength of the particular acid-etchant employed.
  • the etched aluminum is rinsed with water at ambient temperature.
  • the acid etched aluminum is desmutted with an' acidic agent that is oxi ⁇ dizing in nature.
  • a suitable desmutter is one which is 10% of a product sold by Electrochem, St. Louis, Missouri, under the trade designation EA-578, and 10% nitric acid.
  • the aluminum is once again rinsed before the chrornate-phosphate conversion coating is formed.
  • this conversion coating may be achieved through the use of various commercially available products, preferably a product sold by Amchem Products, Inc., Ambler, Pennsylvania, under the trade designation Alodine 407-47, a mixture of chromic and phosphoric acid.
  • the Amchem product is mixed to a concentration of 7 g./l. of hexavalent chromium ions and maintained at a temperature on the order of 80°F.
  • the aluminum is then contacted with this solution for a period sufficient to enable the aluminum to achieve a gain in weight preferably in the range of about
  • the aluminum is once again rinsed with water at ambient temperature, preferably rinsed twice and then dried in preparation for subsequent painting of adhesive bonding. Paint of aluminum prepared in accordance with the method of the present invention may be conveniently accom ⁇ plished with the assurance that' the painted surface will exhibit long-term durability even under harsh conditions. After the aluminum is pretreated- as set out above, it may be primed, painted and cured.
  • Adhesive bonding of aluminum prepared in accordance with the method of the present invention may also be performed with the assurance that the adhesive bond to the aluminum will exhibit long-term durability under even harsh conditions. After the aluminum is pretreated as set out above, it may be primed if necessary, have the adhesive applied and then bonded to another material.
  • modified epoxy resins are read ⁇ ily available and are suitable for use in this invention including a product designated at FM123-2 manufactured and sold by the Bloomingdale Division of American Cyanamide; a product designated as AF126 modified epoxy resin having a 250 ⁇ F cure manufactured and sold by Minnesota Mining and Manu ⁇ facturing Corporation and the modified epoxy adhesive desig ⁇ nated as Hysol 9628 manufactured and sold by Hysol Division of Dexter Corporation. Many other resins are workable as adhe- sives for this invention.
  • the method of the present invention may be used to prepare aluminum and aluminum alloys whether it be in the form of sheets, coils, extrusions and some castings for painting or adhesive bonding. Moreover, this method may be performed in either a batch or continuous process (e.g., to treat the metal in coil form) in either a spray or immersion mode. Prefer ⁇ ably, the process is performed in an automated sequence from immersion tank to immersion tank. The following examples will serve to further illus- - trate the present invention in accordance with a preferred embodiment.
  • sheets of aluminum alloy type 3003, 4 ft. X 9 ft. X .060 inches in size were "prepared for subsequent painting or adhesive bonding by sequentially " immersing the sheets in a series of tanks each measuring 5 ft. wide by 34 ft. long and 11 ft. deep and containing about 13,600 working gallons of solution.
  • the sheets are transported from tank to tank by programmed overhead carriers.
  • the initial tank was an alkaline cleaning tank that contained a solution made up of 5,099 lb. of Turco 4215-NC-LT, 17 gal. of Turco 4215-NC-LT additive and a balance of water.
  • the ' solution was maintained at 140°F and each sheet ws immersed in the tank for a period of about five minutes.
  • each sheet was then removed from the alkaline clean ⁇ ing tank and immersed for one minute in an aqueous rinse tank that was maintained at 120°F.
  • This rinse tank like those that follow were maintained at an overflow rate of 10 gal./minute.
  • each sheet was immersed in the acid- etch tank which contained a solution made up of 1360 gal. of sulfuric acid, 350 lb. of ammonia bifluoride, 10 gal. of RS MX-81556, a surfactant sold by Amchem Co. of Ambler, Pa., and a balance of water.
  • the tank was maintained at 112°F-and each sheet was immersed therein for a period of about four minutes.
  • each sheet was immersed in an aqueous rinse tank, maintained at ambient temperature, for a period of one minute.
  • the sheets were then immersed for about three minutes in the desmutting tank which contained a solution made up of 1360 gal. of nitric acid, 1360 gal. of Electrochem EA-578 and the balance of water maintained at ambient tempera- ture.
  • each'sheet was immersed in an aqueous rinse tank maintained at 'ambient temperature for a .period of one minute.
  • the sheets were then immersed in the chromate- phosphate conversion coat tank which contained a solution made up of 600 gal. Alodine 407, 50 gal. Alodine 47 and a balance of water.
  • the solution was monitored by a meter sold by Amchem Co. sold under the trade designation Lineguard 101 and maintained at 400 on its #1 scale and at 80°F and each sheet was immersed for a period of about 45 seconds.
  • each sheet was aqueous rinsed in each of two rinse tanks maintained at ambient temperature for a period of one minute.
  • the sheets were then forced air dried by heating with an air temperature of about 300°F.
  • Panels of aluminum alloy type 3003 prepared as set forth in Example 1 were used to form a laminate with 0.003 inch perforated honeycomb core of aluminum alloy type 3003.
  • the laminate was formed by applying a film of adhesive sold by American Cyanamid Co. of Havre de Grace, Md., under the trade designation Cybond 3500, onto the aluminum panel, positioning the perforated honeycomb core on the adhesive film, applying a second layer of the same adhesive film onto the honeycomb core, and laying a second panel of aluminum onto the adhesive to form a composite.
  • the composite was then moved into a lam ⁇ inating press which was operatedrat a temperature of about
  • the laminate panel prepared in this manner was cut into two inch square samples and divided into three groups: one which was subjected to condensing humidity at 140°F for 1000 hours, a second which was subjected to condensing humidi ⁇ ty at 140°F for 3000 hours and a third which served as the control maintained at 70°F.
  • the laminate samples were there ⁇ after subjected to tensile tests in accordance with ASTM Flat ⁇ wise Tensile Test C297-67. The load at which the laminate separated was recorded in pounds and the mode of failure was visually determined and classified as either adhesion, cohesion or core, and by relative percentages of each.
  • Control 1340 335 10% core; 90% cohesion Control 1560 390 50% core; 50% cohesion Control 1540 385 30% core; 70% cohesion Control 1380 345 50% core; 50% cohesion 1000 hours 1560 390 60% core; 40% cohesion 1000 hours 1460 365 20% core; 75% cohesion; 5% cohesion/adhes 1000 hours 1460 365 60% core; 40% cohesion 1000 hours 1000 250 10% core; 90% cohesion 3000 hours 1500 375 50% core; 50% cohesion 3000 hours 1300 325 15% core; 85% cohesion 3000 hours 1540 385 10% core; 90% cohesion 3000 hours 1520 380 30% core; 70% cohesion Control 1440 360 20% core, 80% cohesion Control 1300 325 15% core; 85% cohesion
  • Control 1680 420 60% core 20% cohesion; 20% cohesion/adhesion
  • Control 1640 40% core 10% cohesion; 50% cohesion/adhesion
  • Control 1560 390 50% core; 50% cohesion
  • Panels of aluminum alloy type 3003 prepared as set forth in Example 1 were thereafter painted with two paints sold by PPG Industries of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, under the trade designations PPG-Duranar and PPG-Duracron. These painted surfaces were found to meet the standards of the Architectural Aluminum Manufacturers Association, "Voluntary Specification for High Performance Organic Coatings on Archi ⁇ tectural Extrusions and Panels", Publication No. AAMA 605.2. In view of the above, it will be seen that the several objects of the invention are achieved and other advan ⁇ tageous results attained.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Treatment Of Metals (AREA)
  • Cleaning And De-Greasing Of Metallic Materials By Chemical Methods (AREA)
  • Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
  • Adhesives Or Adhesive Processes (AREA)

Abstract

Procédé de préparation d'une surface en aluminium ou en alliages d'aluminium, permettant de former des liaisons stables à l'action des agents atmosphériques avec un adhésif ou une peinture. Le procédé consiste à attaquer à l'acide une surface propre en l'exposant à l'action d'un décapant acide pendant un laps de temps suffiant pour obtenir une diminution du poids de l'aluminium traité dépassant 400 mg/ft2 environ, à rincer à l'eau la surface attaquée à l'acide et à former un revêtement de conversion de chromate-phosphate sur la surface attaquée et rincée résultante, ainsi que sur les produits obtenus. L'aluminium et les alliages d'aluminium peints ou collés à l'aide d'adhésifs après préparation selon ce procédé présentent une durabilité accrue même lorsqu'ils sont exposés à des conditions atmosphériques rigoureuses.
EP19840903515 1983-09-16 1984-09-13 Procede de production de surfaces en aluminium stables aux conditions atmospheriques, permettant la peinture et le collage a l'aide d'adhesifs, et produits ainsi obtenus. Withdrawn EP0156853A4 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US53315083A 1983-09-16 1983-09-16
US533150 1990-06-05

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0156853A1 true EP0156853A1 (fr) 1985-10-09
EP0156853A4 EP0156853A4 (fr) 1986-02-10

Family

ID=24124703

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19840903515 Withdrawn EP0156853A4 (fr) 1983-09-16 1984-09-13 Procede de production de surfaces en aluminium stables aux conditions atmospheriques, permettant la peinture et le collage a l'aide d'adhesifs, et produits ainsi obtenus.

Country Status (7)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0156853A4 (fr)
JP (1) JPS61500072A (fr)
AU (1) AU3397784A (fr)
IT (1) IT1175745B (fr)
NO (1) NO851945L (fr)
WO (1) WO1985001302A1 (fr)
ZA (1) ZA846933B (fr)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2719612B2 (ja) * 1986-01-21 1998-02-25 ヘンケル コーポレイション アルミニウムの洗浄方法
US5810938A (en) * 1996-05-24 1998-09-22 Henkel Corporation Metal brightening composition and process that do not damage glass
DE102015215651B4 (de) * 2015-08-17 2020-10-08 Vacuumschmelze Gmbh & Co. Kg Verfahren und Behandlungslösung zur Behandlung von Aluminiumbeschichtungen vor der Passivierung mit Chrom(III)-haltigen Lösungen
CN110168128B (zh) * 2017-01-11 2021-11-16 奥科宁克技术有限责任公司 预加工铝合金产品以便粘结的方法

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1149965B (de) * 1957-06-07 1963-06-06 Ver Leichtmetallwerke Gmbh Verfahren zur Verbesserung der Haftfestigkeit von organischen Stoffen auf Aluminium oder Aluminiumlegierungen
US3160532A (en) * 1962-06-13 1964-12-08 United States Steel Corp Method of forming a protective coating
GB1159420A (en) * 1967-07-18 1969-07-23 Pyrene Co Ltd Chromating of Metal Surfaces
DE2454843A1 (de) * 1973-11-27 1975-05-28 Vmw Ranshofen Berndorf Ag Haftgrunderzeuger fuer die beschichtung von aluminiumoberflaechen
US4131489A (en) * 1978-03-31 1978-12-26 Amchem Products, Inc. Chromate conversion composition and method for coating aluminum using low concentrations of chromate, phosphate and fluoride ions
US4256602A (en) * 1978-12-01 1981-03-17 Pennwalt Corporation Fluoroborate complex composition and method for cleaning aluminum at low temperatures
EP0064295A1 (fr) * 1981-05-04 1982-11-10 Walter Batiuk Procédé pour l'amélioration de la résistance à la corrosion d'aluminium enduit par conversion chimique

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1330581A (en) * 1915-10-07 1920-02-10 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co Preparation of plates for electrolytic cells
US3140203A (en) * 1961-04-24 1964-07-07 Macdermid Inc Method of and composition for treating aluminum and aluminum alloys
US3220899A (en) * 1962-08-23 1965-11-30 Litho Chemical & Supply Co Inc Process for chemically graining lithographic plates
US3448055A (en) * 1965-03-31 1969-06-03 Diversey Corp Aluminum alloy deoxidizing-desmutting composition and method
US3945899A (en) * 1973-07-06 1976-03-23 Kansai Paint Company, Limited Process for coating aluminum or aluminum alloy
US3969135A (en) * 1975-02-13 1976-07-13 Oxy Metal Industries Corporation Low temperature aluminum cleaning composition and process
US4025681A (en) * 1975-03-24 1977-05-24 The Boeing Company Environmentally durable metal honeycomb structure
US4127451A (en) * 1976-02-26 1978-11-28 The Boeing Company Method for providing environmentally stable aluminum surfaces for adhesive bonding and product produced
US4212701A (en) * 1979-05-09 1980-07-15 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Process and composition of low toxicity for preparing aluminum surfaces for adhesive bonding

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1149965B (de) * 1957-06-07 1963-06-06 Ver Leichtmetallwerke Gmbh Verfahren zur Verbesserung der Haftfestigkeit von organischen Stoffen auf Aluminium oder Aluminiumlegierungen
US3160532A (en) * 1962-06-13 1964-12-08 United States Steel Corp Method of forming a protective coating
GB1159420A (en) * 1967-07-18 1969-07-23 Pyrene Co Ltd Chromating of Metal Surfaces
DE2454843A1 (de) * 1973-11-27 1975-05-28 Vmw Ranshofen Berndorf Ag Haftgrunderzeuger fuer die beschichtung von aluminiumoberflaechen
US4131489A (en) * 1978-03-31 1978-12-26 Amchem Products, Inc. Chromate conversion composition and method for coating aluminum using low concentrations of chromate, phosphate and fluoride ions
US4256602A (en) * 1978-12-01 1981-03-17 Pennwalt Corporation Fluoroborate complex composition and method for cleaning aluminum at low temperatures
EP0064295A1 (fr) * 1981-05-04 1982-11-10 Walter Batiuk Procédé pour l'amélioration de la résistance à la corrosion d'aluminium enduit par conversion chimique

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See also references of WO8501302A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU3397784A (en) 1985-04-23
IT1175745B (it) 1987-07-15
NO851945L (no) 1985-05-15
ZA846933B (en) 1985-04-24
WO1985001302A1 (fr) 1985-03-28
IT8422687A0 (it) 1984-09-17
JPS61500072A (ja) 1986-01-16
EP0156853A4 (fr) 1986-02-10

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PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

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Inventor name: SCHWARTZ, JAMES, H.

Inventor name: GARNER, LARRY, A.