EP0156149B1 - Anchorage for a sleeper of a railway track embedded in the ballast - Google Patents

Abstract

Anchor for a railway tie embedded in ballast. In order to further simplify the installation of such an anchor, the clamp is constructed in two or more parts. With an anchor construction having a clamp gripping the tie on both sides, the clamp parts are constructed of approximately the same size in order to form clamp halves, the connection is formed as a pivot arrangement and in the region of the connection position a tightening means is provided for producing a tightening force clamping the clamp halves on the tie.

Description

The present invention relates to an anchor for a sill embedded in ballast of a track system, with an approximately U-shaped sill which is fixed to the sill with the aid of tensioning or fastening means and which essentially surrounds the sill transversely to its axis in the region of the upper side of the sleeper and the side of the sleeper Clamp, at the ends of which a plate lying substantially in a vertical plane, oriented transversely and / or parallel to the sleeper axis and projecting into the ballast, is attached to increase the transverse sliding resistance and / or the longitudinal sliding resistance of the track system.

In contrast to so-called safety caps, anchors of the type described above can be easily installed on the ballast bed without any significant exposure work (cf. DE-A-31 07 990). For this purpose, it is only necessary to push the U-shaped bracket with its opening side onto the sleeper approximately transversely to the sleeper axis with the action of force from top to bottom in such a way that the plates dig into the ballast bed in front of and behind the sleeper, possibly with the use of vibration.

Anchors of this type can be located anywhere on the threshold, i.e. H. also be arranged in the middle of the sleeper so that the ballast bed in the area of the sleeper heads, which is already heavily loaded, can be relieved and possibly saved on wide gravel belts in front of the sleeper heads.

With regard to the further advantages, reference is made to the explanations in DE-A-31 07 990.

With anchors of this type there is the problem during assembly that the two plates must always be driven together and simultaneously into the ballast bed due to their relatively rigid connection by the clamp. However, since the penetration behavior of the two plates into the ballast bed is not the same, differences must be taken into account and compensated for immediately, which requires an exact working method during assembly. In the case of clips designed as a spring clip, the clip must moreover be held in the expanded state with a relatively high force over the entire driving-in process and at the same time the driving-in force must be applied perpendicularly thereto. This requires a special expansion device, the expansion effect of which must not be lost even when subjected to impact and vibration.

The object of the present invention is now to develop an anchor of the type described in such a way that the assembly, in particular with regard to the problems described above, is further simplified.

This object is achieved in that the clip is formed in two or more parts and the clip parts are connected to each other in the assembled state.

An anchor is created for the first time by the features according to the invention, in which the plates are no longer together and in particular simultaneously, i.e. must be driven into the ballast bed synchronously, but independently of each other, d. H. can be driven into the ballast bed one after the other or at least alternately one after the other. This considerably simplifies and simplifies assembly.

If the plates and the clamp parts are in the predetermined position, they can be fastened to the threshold in any way, for example by screws or the like.

In the case of an anchor in DE-A-31 07 990, which is preferred, with a clip made of spring steel, it engages slightly underneath the threshold on the underside, as a result of which, in addition to the non-positive connection, a positive connection between the clips and the threshold is produced. In order to achieve the above-described advantages with regard to the assembly in such a design, it is proposed according to an advantageous development of the invention to design the clip parts to form two clip halves of approximately the same size, to design the connection as a joint arrangement and in the area of the connection point a clamping means for To provide a clamping force clamping the clamp halves on the threshold.

Such a design creates a completely new anchor concept. In this way, the plates can be driven into the ballast bed individually or together without a disruptive clamping device when the clamp is completely untensioned. It is particularly advantageous that the clamping force is only applied to the clamp after the plate has reached the final position in the ballast bed.

Basically, the clip halves can be shaped in any way. However, it is advantageous if an essentially L-shaped shape is selected which is curved in the area of the upper side of the threshold.

In order to ensure that the force generated by the clamping means is retained even over a longer period and under load, it is advantageous if the clip halves are made of spring steel.

The joint arrangement can in principle be designed in a wide variety of ways. According to an advantageous development, it is expedient to design the joint arrangement as a hinge with a hinge axis running parallel to the threshold axis.

It is particularly advantageous to design the joint arrangement as a coupling arrangement with which the ends of the two clamp halves can be coupled to one another in a tensile manner, but can be pivoted relative to one another within limits about an axis running approximately parallel to the threshold axis. With an arrangement of this type, it is primarily important that the ends of the two clip halves can be coupled to one another in a simple manner in a tensile manner after the successive driving in of the plates, but can be pivoted within limits. Such a coupling arrangement can be integrated into the ends of the two clip halves as well as include additional parts.

In a preferred embodiment, the coupling arrangement has a separate coupling piece which has a receiving channel which is open at the top and receives the overlapping ends of the clip halves. The coupling piece is equipped with a vertically oriented sleeve which is fastened with its lower end in a bore in the coupling piece, is preferably welded and with its free end protrudes through elongated holes arranged in alignment in the overlapping ends of the clip halves.

With such a construction, the overlapping ends of the clamp halves are guided laterally in the receiving channel, the elongated holes ensuring the required mobility on the sleeve. In this way, the ends of the clip halves are connected to one another in a tensile manner, on the other hand, however, it ensures that the required articulation is given at the connection point.

The clamping means can basically be designed in any manner. However, wedge or screw arrangements are particularly simple and expedient clamping means. It is essential with such wedge or screw arrangements that they are supported on the one hand on the upper side of the threshold and on the other hand on the joint arrangement of the armature.

In the case of the preferred embodiment mentioned above with a coupling piece with an upwardly open receiving channel, it is advantageous if a screw bolt is chosen as the clamping means, which is arranged in an internal thread in the bore of the sleeve and with its free lower end is located on a pressure plate on the top the threshold supports. Such an arrangement is technically simple, reliable even after a long time and comparatively cheap.

Tests have shown that with anchors of the type according to the invention, both the installation and the removal can be carried out without changes to the ballast bed in a time not previously achieved. It is immaterial at which point of the threshold the anchor should be installed or removed. The arrangement can be carried out in a simple manner practically at any point on the threshold. According to the latest time measurements, two people need about ten minutes to install an anchor, while it takes only two minutes to remove the anchor. Preliminary work and reworking on the ballast bed are not necessary when you are still pulling out or dismantling.

The clamping force can be continuously adjusted by appropriately designing the clamping device. Anchors of the type according to the invention are therefore suitable both for use on wooden sleepers and for use on concrete sleepers.

Anchors of the type according to the invention can also be used again after a long period of inactivity or storage. It is only necessary to prevent corrosion by selecting the appropriate material or using suitable surface protection.

In the case of so-called “tamping” and “straightening”, a tie anchor of the type according to the invention need not be removed. It is only necessary to loosen the clamping device and restore the tension again after working through. This work can be carried out without difficulty when using clamping devices in the form of screw arrangements with conventional screwing machines.

Since the ballast bed remains completely intact when anchors of the type according to the invention are installed, the desired increase in the transverse or longitudinal displacement resistance is immediately present in full after installation.

As already described in DE-A-31 07 990, the plates can be shaped in many different ways. A particularly advantageous effect results, however, if the lower edge of each plate is essentially rectilinear and in each case forms an angle with the associated side surface of the threshold that is less than 90 °, preferably in the range between 60 ° and 80 °. When driving in a plate designed in this way, because of the inclined lower edge, it will always have the tendency to move towards the threshold, which maintains contact with the threshold and thus ensures that the threshold is reached under in the final position.

According to a further advantageous development, the upper edge of each plate is also substantially rectilinear and inclined in such a way that it encloses an angle with the associated side surface of the threshold which is less than 90 ° and preferably between 60 ° and 80 °. This measure also ensures that the plate maintains contact with the threshold during the driving-in process, since due to the inclination of the upper edge by means of a driving tool placed on the upper edge, in addition to a component running in the vertical direction, there is also a component directed towards the threshold side surface.

In a particularly expedient embodiment, the upper edge of each plate consists of two essentially rectilinear sections, the first section adjoining the respective clamp half being at an angle of 60 ° to 80 ° with respect to the associated side surface of the threshold and the adjoining second section an angle of between 30 ° and 40 °. It is usually sufficient if the driving tool acts on the first section. However, if the clamp or the projection provided for it does not sufficiently reach under the threshold due to the unfavorable position of the ballast in the ballast bed, it is only necessary to transfer the driving tool to the second section and to exert a driving force on the plate again. Due to the relatively acute angle between 30 ° and 40 ° relative to the assigned side surface of the threshold, the plate will easily assume the predetermined position in such a case.

In the embodiment described above, in which the overlapping ends of the clip halves in a receiving channel Resting coupling piece, it is advantageous if the end lying in the receiving channel below is straight and the overlapping end above is bent upward in a radius. In this way, jamming of the ends during the tensioning process is avoided and care is taken to ensure that they slide together smoothly.

As already mentioned in DE-A-31 07 990, the plates can be aligned parallel to the sleeper axis to increase the transverse sliding resistance transversely to the sleeper axis or to increase the longitudinal sliding resistance of the track system. According to an advantageous further development, however, it is also possible to assemble a plate from plate sections oriented parallel and transversely to the threshold axis and in this way to contribute with one and the same plate both to increase the transverse displacement resistance and to increase the longitudinal displacement resistance of a track system.

• Fig. 1 zeigt ein erstes Ausführungsbeispiel eines erfindungsgemäßen Ankers in einer Seitenansicht,
• Fig. 2 zeigt in einer Vorderansicht das bei der Ausführungsform gemäß Figur 1 eingesetzte Spannmittel in Form einer Keilanordnung,
• Fig. 3 zeigt ein zweites bevorzugtes Ausführungsbeispiel eines erfindungsgemäßen Ankers in einer Seitenansicht in ungespanntem Zustand,
• Fig. 4 zeigt das Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß Figur 3 in gespanntem Zustand,
• Fig. 5 zeigt einen Schnitt in der Ebene V-V der Figur 3, und
• Fig. 6 zeigt in einer teilweise abgebrochenen Darstellung ein drittes Ausführungsbeispiel eines erfindungsgemäßen Ankers.

Two exemplary embodiments of the invention are described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings for further explanation and for better understanding:

• 1 shows a first embodiment of an anchor according to the invention in a side view,
• 2 shows a front view of the clamping means used in the embodiment according to FIG. 1 in the form of a wedge arrangement,
• 3 shows a second preferred exemplary embodiment of an anchor according to the invention in a side view in the untensioned state,
• 4 shows the embodiment according to FIG. 3 in a tensioned state,
• Fig. 5 shows a section in the plane VV of Figure 3, and
• FIG. 6 shows a third exemplary embodiment of an anchor according to the invention in a partially broken representation.

The anchors shown in the figures consist of an approximately U-shaped bracket 4, which surrounds a sleeper 1 essentially transversely to its axis in the area of the sleeper top 2 and the sleeper side surfaces 3, at the ends of which plates 5 are fastened.

In all of the exemplary embodiments, the U-shaped clamp 4 is designed in two parts according to the invention, the clamp parts 6 and 7 being of approximately the same size to form clamp halves.

In both embodiments, the connection of the clamp halves 6 and 7 is also designed as a hinge arrangement 8 and in the region of the hinge arrangement a clamping means is provided for generating a clamping force clamping the clamp halves on the threshold.

In both embodiments, the threshold 4 is gripped under the threshold on both sides. For this purpose, support surfaces 10 are provided in both embodiments, which in the case of the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 1 are integrated into the clip ends or the plates and, in the case of the exemplary embodiment according to FIGS. 3 and 4, are formed by support angles which are welded to the plates 5.

In both embodiments, the clip halves 6 and 7 are bent approximately L-shaped and made of spring steel.

In the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the joint arrangement 8 is designed as a hinge 11 with a hinge axis 12 running parallel to the threshold axis.

In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, in turn, the joint arrangement 8 is designed in the manner of a coupling arrangement with which the ends of the two clamp halves 6 and 7 are connected to one another in a tensile manner. Due to the special design, which will be described in the following, the two ends can, however, be pivoted against each other within limits about an axis running approximately parallel to the threshold axis, so that the coupling to one another also takes place in an articulated manner in this exemplary embodiment.

The coupling arrangement for the ends of the two clamp halves 6 and 7 comprises, in the exemplary embodiment shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, a coupling piece 13 which, as can be seen in particular from FIG. 5, consists of a piece of commercially available U-profile. The coupling piece 13 has an upwardly open receiving channel 14 in which the overlapping ends of the clamp halves 6 and 7 are mounted.

The coupling piece 13 is provided in its bottom region with a bore in which a vertically oriented sleeve 15 is fastened, preferably by welding. The sleeve 15 is dimensioned such that it protrudes slightly upwards over the coupling piece 13.

The ends of the two clip halves are provided with elongated holes 16 and 17, through which the sleeve 15 protrudes.

The sleeve 15 is equipped in its bore with an internal thread, which carries a screw bolt 18, which is supported with its free end via a pressure plate 19 on the top of the threshold 1.

The shape of the plates 5 is essentially trapezoidal in the exemplary embodiments shown in FIGS. 3 to 5. The lower edge 20 of each plate is formed in a straight line and aligned obliquely such that it encloses an angle of approximately 75 ° with the associated side surface of the threshold.

The upper edge of each plate 5 is in turn composed of two substantially straight sections. The first section 21 adjoining the respective clamp half is inclined in such a way that it encloses an angle of approximately 80 ° with the associated side surface of the threshold. The second section 22 adjoining this first section 21 is in turn inclined such that it encloses an angle of approximately 40 ° with the associated side surface.

The anchors shown in the drawings are installed in the following way:

In the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the plates 5 are driven either jointly or, after pulling the hinge pin one after the other, into the ballast bed via the clamp halves 6 or 7 via a device.

As soon as they reach their given location in the gravel has taken bed and the hinge pin is inserted again, the wedge between the top 2 of the threshold and the hinge 11 is driven, as shown in Figure 1. As a result, the hinge is raised relative to the upper side of the threshold, so that the support surfaces 10 come into firm contact with the lower side of the threshold and dig into it slightly. The shape of the clamp halves and the height of the wedge is dimensioned such that a clamping force previously defined in temptation is generated. The curved design of the spring halves 6 and 7 made of spring steel ensures that the predetermined tension is retained even if, during operation, either the wedge works somewhat into the top or the support surfaces somewhat into the underside of the threshold.

As in the case of the wedge arrangement according to DE-A-31 07 990, the wedge has a so-called latching step. This ensures that, on the one hand, the wedge can only be driven under the joint arrangement up to a certain amount and, on the other hand, can no longer slide out of its final position when shaken.

In the exemplary embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 3 to 5, the plate 5 equipped with the clamp half 6 is first driven into the ballast bed at the corresponding point. For this purpose, a driving tool is placed on the first section 21 of the plate 5. Due to the inclination of the first section 21, a component directed towards the threshold always acts on the plate during the driving-in process, so that the plate always remains in contact with the side surface 3 of the threshold during this process. This effect is exacerbated by the inclination of the lower edge 20 of the plate 5, so that even with difficult ballast bed conditions it is ensured that the support surface 10 in the form of the holding bracket engages under the underside of the threshold in the final position.

If, due to unfavorable circumstances, the plate 5 does not yet have the required position close to the threshold in the lowered state, it is only necessary to convert the driving tool from the first section 21 to the second section 22. Due to the inclination of the second section 22, a force can then be exerted on the plate 5, which in any case ensures that the mounting bracket engages under the threshold in the desired manner.

If the plate 5 with its clamp half 6 is in the correct position, the coupling piece 13 with the sleeve 15 is threaded into the elongated hole 16 and then the opposite plate 5 with the clamp half 7 is driven into the ballast bed as far as shown above until the slot 17 of the clamp half 7 is also penetrated by the bush 15 of the coupling piece 13.

The screw bolt 18 is then screwed into the sleeve 15 and the pressure plate 19 is arranged on the upper side of the threshold. This phase, in which the bracket is still completely untensioned, is shown in FIG. 3.

If the screw bolt 18 is now turned further clockwise, the coupling piece 13 is raised until the ends of the elongated holes 16 and 17 come into contact with the sleeve 15 and the clamp halves are tensioned. The clamp halves are then in their tensioned state, as shown in FIG. 4.

In the present exemplary embodiment, the upper end face of the sleeve 15 serves as a voltage limiter. As soon as the hexagon button of the bolt 18 rests on the upper end face, further rotation of the bolt and thus an increase in the clamping force is no longer possible.

In order to take full advantage of the resilient properties of the clip halves, it may be expedient to attach the plates 5 to the clip halves only via a section 23. Such an embodiment is shown in FIG. 6.

In general, the shape of the clip halves and the plates can be designed in a wide variety of ways. According to the invention, it is only necessary to form the clip in two or more parts, so that the anchor can be driven in the untensioned state. According to the invention, the clamping force required for fastening to the threshold is then to be applied only in the final position of the anchor.

Claims (17)

1. Anchor for a sleeper of a track system which is embedded in ballast, with an approximately U-shaped clamp (4) which is fixed to the sleeper (1) by means of tensioning or fastening means and encompasses the sleeper essentially perpendicularly to the axis thereof in the region of the upper side (2) and side surfaces (3) of the sleeper, and to each of whose ends is attached a plate (5) which lies essentially in a vertical plane, is aligned perpendicularly and/or parallel to the sleeper axis and extends into the ballast, to increase the resistance of the track system to transverse and/or longitudinal displacement, characterised in that the clamp (4) is constructed in two or more portions, and the clamp portions (6, 7) are joined together when assembled.

2. Anchor according to claim 1, with a clamp which on both sides engages to a small extent underneath the sleeper, the clamp being constructed in two portions, characterised in that the clamp portions (6, 7) are constructed of approximately the same size to form clamp halves, the connection is designed as a pivot arrangement (8), and in the region of the connecting point is provided a tensioning means (9) for producing a tensioning force which clamps the clamp halves to the sleeper (1).

3. Anchor according to claim 1, characterised in that the clamp halves (6, 7) are bent to an L shape and curved in the region of the upper side (2) of the sleeper.

4. Anchor according to claim 2, characterised in that the clamp halves (6, 7) are made of spring steel.

5. Anchor according to claim 2, characterised in that the pivot arrangement (8) is designed as a hinge (11) with the hinge axis (12) extending parallel to the sleeper axis.

6. Anchor according to claim 2, characterised in that the pivot arrangement (8) is designed as a coupling arrangement with which the ends of the two clamp halves (6, 7) can be coupled together in tension-resistant fashion, but within limits can be pivoted to each other about an axis extending approximately parallel to the sleeper axis.

7. Anchor according to claim 6, characterised in that the coupling arrangement comprises a coupling piece (13) having a receiving channel (14) which is open at the top and receives the overlapping ends of the clamp halves (6, 7), and provided with a vertically aligned bush (15) which is mounted by its lower end in a bore of the coupling piece (13) and extends by its free end through slots (16, 17) arranged in alignment in the overlapping ends of the clamp halves.

8. Anchor according to any of claims 2, 5 and 6, characterised in that the tensioning means (9) is a wedge arrangement.

9. Anchor according to any of claims 2, 5 and 6, characterised in that the tensioning means (9) is a bolt arrangement which is supported on the upper side (2) of the sleeper (1) and on the other hand on the pivot arrangement (8).

10. Anchor according to claims 2 and 7, characterised in that the tensioning means (9) is a threaded bolt (18) which is disposed in an internal thread in the bore of the bush (15) and is supported by its free lower end on the upper side (2) of the sleeper by means of a pressure plate (19).

11. Anchor according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the lower edge (20) of each plate (5) is essentially rectilinear and in each case forms with the associated side surface (3) of the sleeper (1) an angle which is less than 90°.

12. Anchor according to claim 11, characterised in that the angle is between 60° and 80°.

13. Anchor according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the upper edge of each plate (5) is essentially rectilinear and in each case forms with the associated side surface (3) of the sleeper (1) an angle which is less than 90°.

14. Anchor according to claim 13, characterised in that the angle is between 60° and 80°.

15. Anchor according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the upper edge of each plate (5) consists of two essentially rectilinear sections, wherein the first section (21) adjoining the respective clamp half forms an angle of between 60° and 80° relative to the associated side surface (3) of the sleeper (1), and the second section (22) adjoining same forms an angle of between 30° and 40°.

16. Anchor according to claim 7, characterised in that the end of clamp half (6) located underneath the receiving channel (14) is straight, and the overlapping end of clamp half (7) located thereabove is curved upwardly in a radius.

17. Anchor according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the plates (5) are composed of plate sections aligned parallel and perpendicularly to the sleeper axis.

Images