EP0155881B1 - Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Entkrusten und Schneiden von Käselaiben - Google Patents

Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Entkrusten und Schneiden von Käselaiben Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0155881B1
EP0155881B1 EP85400388A EP85400388A EP0155881B1 EP 0155881 B1 EP0155881 B1 EP 0155881B1 EP 85400388 A EP85400388 A EP 85400388A EP 85400388 A EP85400388 A EP 85400388A EP 0155881 B1 EP0155881 B1 EP 0155881B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
wheel
cutting
transverse
conveyor
blade
Prior art date
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Expired
Application number
EP85400388A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0155881A1 (de
Inventor
Jérôme Frechou
Pascal Delamarre
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Sodetap D'etudes Et D'applications Ste
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Sodetap D'etudes Et D'applications Ste
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Priority to AT85400388T priority Critical patent/ATE39876T1/de
Publication of EP0155881A1 publication Critical patent/EP0155881A1/de
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Publication of EP0155881B1 publication Critical patent/EP0155881B1/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26D—CUTTING; DETAILS COMMON TO MACHINES FOR PERFORATING, PUNCHING, CUTTING-OUT, STAMPING-OUT OR SEVERING
    • B26D7/00—Details of apparatus for cutting, cutting-out, stamping-out, punching, perforating, or severing by means other than cutting
    • B26D7/01—Means for holding or positioning work
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26D—CUTTING; DETAILS COMMON TO MACHINES FOR PERFORATING, PUNCHING, CUTTING-OUT, STAMPING-OUT OR SEVERING
    • B26D7/00—Details of apparatus for cutting, cutting-out, stamping-out, punching, perforating, or severing by means other than cutting
    • B26D7/27—Means for performing other operations combined with cutting

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an automatic installation for slicing and calibrating cheeses, and it relates more precisely to such an installation for slicing and calibrating cheeses produced in a grinding wheel, in particular Emmental.
  • FR-A-2 513 850 describes a device presenting a cutting box provided with one or more slots through which cutting blades can divide a block of cheese placed in the cutting box, by means of cuts mainly parallel to the bottom of the cutting box.
  • the cheese wheels have so far been cut manually, using a device called a slicer, by first cutting each wheel in a direction substantially perpendicular to a certain diameter of the wheel, in successive and substantially parallel slices, the first and last of which, consisting essentially of crust, are called the heels, and the others of which are called the loins.
  • the two heels whose removal operation is called calibration, are generally not of equal thickness.
  • each loin is manually taken up for slicing visually of two falls constituted not only by the pieces of crusts, at the two ends of the loin, but also by the pieces of cheese located outside the maximum parallelepiped volume of cheese that 'it is possible to cut in each lanyard.
  • each lanyard free of its two scraps, is cut into plates, which can then be individually packaged, for example by an automatic weighing, packaging and labeling chain.
  • the object of the invention is to allow the slicing of a grinding wheel into a whole number of loins having substantially the same thickness, and each of which is ready for subsequent slicing into a whole number of inserts of substantially identical size, while producing the minimum of scraps.
  • Another object of the invention is to reduce the slicing time of a grinding wheel, by the simultaneous execution of the cutting and the grading of each lanyard, that is to say by simultaneously carrying out the separation of a lanyard from the rest of the grinding wheel, which is limited to a heel when it is the last loin of a grinding wheel, and the separation of the two end falls of this lanyard.
  • the latter also consists, preferably, in positioning and repositioning the grinding wheel with respect to the transverse cutting blade by advancing the grinding wheel up to a predetermined point beyond of the cutting position of the transverse blade, then moving the wheel back on a stroke which is a function of the predetermined thickness of the heels or lanyards respectively, depending on whether it is the positioning or repositioning of the grinding wheel, and stopping it at the end of the cutting position.
  • the method also consists in transferring from the positioning conveyor to the evacuation conveyor the heel or the loin which has just been cut by advancing the grinding wheel up to this audit point determined beyond the cutting position of the transverse blade, during the next repositioning of the grinding wheel relative to said transverse blade.
  • the method also consists in positioning the two longitudinal blades transversely relative to the transverse blade by symmetrically and step by step apart the two longitudinal blades one of the other, after the successive cuts of the transverse blade, and from an initial position in which the two longitudinal or relief blades are tightened towards one another.
  • the method advantageously consists, while the transverse blade is still in the cutting position, of planting a wedge in the second heel of the grinding wheel, and, after cutting the last lanyard, and while the transverse blade is still in the cutting position, push the second heel against this transverse blade, spreading the wedge of the latter, in order to release the wedge from the second heel, then to evacuate the latter after the transverse blade has left its cutting position.
  • the invention also relates to an automatic installation for implementing the method of slicing and calibrating cheese wheels which has just been presented above.
  • This automatic slicing and grading system for cheese wheels comprising:
  • the slicing and descaling machine furthermore comprises at least one support jack intended to apply the grinding wheel against the positioning conveyor when stopped, after the transverse slicing blade has come into the cutting position. , to hold the grinding wheel against the conveyor during the movement of the transverse cutting blade in the disengaged position of the grinding wheel, and to disengage itself from the grinding wheel so as not to hinder a subsequent movement of the latter on the positioning conveyor .
  • the slicing and descaling machine comprises a retractable block, equipped with at least one point intended to be planted in the grinding wheel, and at least one pusher intended to release the point or points of the grinding wheel, and a mechanism for moving the retractable block from an engagement position against the grinding wheel to a position released from the grinding wheel and allowing the latter to move freely on the positioning conveyor.
  • the motorized conveyor of the centering machine is a table with rollers of transverse axes, supported by the corresponding chassis, and driven from a geared motor group with electric motor, also supported by the corresponding chassis , via a pulley and belt transmission.
  • the mechanism for guiding the stops in transverse translation comprises two transverse shafts, parallel, spaced longitudinally, and supported by the corresponding frame above the conveyor of the centering machine, and, for each stop, at least two sockets, each of which is, on the one hand slidingly mounted along one of the two shafts, and, on the other hand, integral with the corresponding stop.
  • the drive mechanism for each stop in transverse translation is a screw-nut system, comprising a screw common to the two stops, suspended transversely to the corresponding chassis, above the conveyor of the centering machine, and having a central part. , by which the screw is pivotally mounted in a fixed position on the chassis and driven in rotation from a gearmotor group with electric motor, supported by the chassis, via a pinion and chain transmission, as well as two lateral threaded rods with opposite steps, each of which is screwed into a nut secured to one of the two stops.
  • each stop of the centering machine is a flange holder equipped with a feeler consisting of a flange, pivotally mounted on the flange holder and located on the side of the internal face of the latter, and of two cylindrical axes. transverse, spaced longitudinally, and each passing through one of two passage openings formed in the corresponding flange holder.
  • the conveyor for positioning the grinding wheels on the slicing and descaling machine is, in a simple embodiment, a conveyor belt driven from a reversible hydraulic motor, supported by the corresponding chassis, and by means of a sprocket and chain transmission.
  • the evacuation conveyor of the slicing and descaling machine is preferably a conveyor belt driven from a gearmotor group with electric motor, supported by the corresponding chassis, and by means of a transmission. with sprockets and chain, the conveyor belt of the evacuation moving in a direction substantially perpendicular to the direction of circulation of the positioning conveyor, and slightly below the latter in its part which is adjacent to the latter.
  • the mechanism for guiding the transverse cutting blade comprises, in a simple and practical embodiment, two lateral columns, fixed to the chassis on either side of the positioning conveyor and substantially perpendicular to the latter, as well as two sleeves each mounted to slide. along one of the columns and each secured to one of the lateral ends of the transverse cutting blade.
  • the drive mechanism for the transverse cutting blade may advantageously include a connecting rod-crank system comprising two lateral connecting rods, arranged on either side of the positioning conveyor, and each of which is connected by one of its ends, at a lateral end of the transverse cutting blade and, by its other end, at an eccentric point of one of two plates integral in rotation with a transverse shaft, mounted in bearings of the corresponding chassis, and driven in rotation at from a gearmotor group supported by said corresponding chassis and via a pinion and chain transmission.
  • a connecting rod-crank system comprising two lateral connecting rods, arranged on either side of the positioning conveyor, and each of which is connected by one of its ends, at a lateral end of the transverse cutting blade and, by its other end, at an eccentric point of one of two plates integral in rotation with a transverse shaft, mounted in bearings of the corresponding chassis, and driven in rotation at from a gearmotor group supported by said corresponding chassis and via a pinion and chain transmission.
  • the mechanism for guiding the two longitudinal adjustment blades in transverse movement advantageously comprises two blade holders, on each of which is attached a adjustment blade, and each of which is arranged in a slide mounted sliding along a plate transverse blade holder to which the transverse cutting blade is secured by its edge on the side opposite to the positioning conveyor.
  • the drive mechanism for transverse displacement of the longitudinal relief blades is preferably a screw-nut system, comprising a screw common to the two relief blades, integral with the transverse cutting blade and extending transversely to the -above the positioning conveyor, said screw having a central part by which it is pivotally mounted in a fixed position relative to the transverse blade of tran chage and driven in rotation from a geared motor group, with electric brake motor, also integral with the transverse cutting blade, via a pinion and chain transmission, as well as two lateral threaded rods with opposite steps , and each of which is screwed into a nut secured to one of the two adjustment blades.
  • a screw-nut system comprising a screw common to the two relief blades, integral with the transverse cutting blade and extending transversely to the -above the positioning conveyor, said screw having a central part by which it is pivotally mounted in a fixed position relative to the transverse blade of tran chage and driven in rotation from a geared motor group, with electric brake
  • These adjustment blades are preferably perpendicular to the transverse cutting blade and placed side by side on the latter which faces the evacuation conveyor.
  • Each of the support cylinders is preferably secured to the edge of the transverse cutting blade opposite the positioning conveyor and extends perpendicularly to the latter, opposite the face of the transverse cutting blade which faces towards the centering machine, when the cylinder rod is extended.
  • the retractable wedge equipped with at least one point and a pusher is carried at the end of an arm mounted pivoting about an axis substantially perpendicular to the positioning conveyor, on one side of the latter , and whose pivoting is controlled by an actuating cylinder, the wedge comprising a shoe having a free part in the form of a wedge and sweeping the upper surface of the positioning conveyor, during the pivoting of the arm, the shoe carrying two points situated on the side and on the other side of the pusher constituted by a jack for extracting the points of the heel of the grinding wheel.
  • the centering machine and the machine for slicing and calibrating the installation are preferably controlled by a programmable automaton.
  • the installation essentially comprises a centering machine 1, or centering machine, and a slicing and calibrating machine 2, or bending machine slicer, which are both controlled by a programmable automaton (not shown), for example microprocessor.
  • the centering device 1 consists of a chassis 3 produced by the assembly, in a known manner, of vertical uprights 4, of horizontal beams 5 and of horizontal crosspieces 6, which are sections of U-shaped profiles.
  • This chassis 3 supports, substantially at mid-height, a horizontal table 7 which is a roller table 8.
  • These rollers 8, mounted in rotation on the chassis 3 around parallel horizontal and transverse axes, that is to say perpendicular to the axis longitudinal symmetry of the centering device 12, are rotated by a geared motor group 9, fixed under a motor plate 10 supported by the chassis 3, and whose electric motor is controlled by the programmable controller.
  • the rotational movement developed by the geared motor group 9 is transmitted to the rollers 8 by a transmission comprising a drive pulley 11, keyed to the output shaft of the group 9, return pulleys 12, interposed between the ends on the same side (on the left in FIG. 2) of the rollers 8 and on either side of the assembly of the rollers 8 (as shown in FIG. 1) and rotatably mounted on the chassis 3 around axes parallel to those of the rollers 8 , but at a level slightly lower than that of the axes of the rollers 8 r and finally of one or more belts 13 passing under the driving pulley 9 and alternately over the deflection pulleys 12 and below the rollers 8.
  • a transmission comprising a drive pulley 11, keyed to the output shaft of the group 9, return pulleys 12, interposed between the ends on the same side (on the left in FIG. 2) of the rollers 8 and on either side of the assembly of the rollers 8 (as shown in FIG. 1) and rotatably mounted on the chassis
  • the uprights 4 support a transverse plate 14, under the median part of which are fixed, symmetrically with respect to the longitudinal axis of the centering device 1, two bearings 15 equipped with bearings in which is journalled, p ar the two lateral sections of its non-threaded central part 17, a horizontal and transverse screw 16, the non-threaded central part 17 of which is extended laterally on each side by a threaded rod 18 (although only one rod 18 only is shown on the left half of Figure 2).
  • the two threaded rods 18 of the screw 16, symmetrical with respect to the longitudinal axis of the centering device 1, have a square thread and steps in opposite directions.
  • the screw 16 is rotated by a geared motor group 19 fixed on the upper plate 14, and whose reversible electric motor is controlled by the programmable controller.
  • the group 19 is connected to the screw 16 by a transmission consisting of a pinion 20, keyed onto the output shaft of the group 19, of a pinion 21, keyed onto the non-threaded central part 17 of the screw 16, and a drive chain 22 connecting the two pinions 20 and 21.
  • Each of the threaded rods 18 of the screw is screwed into a nut 23 fixed in a U25 channel welded in a notch which has the upper and central part of a flange holder 24 of generally rectangular shape.
  • Both flange holders 24 are essentially presented as vertical and longitudinal flat plates, which are symmetrical on either side of the longitudinal axis of the centering device 1.
  • On its face upper, each of the four plates 26 carries two sleeve bearings 27, transversely offset and coaxial, mounted sliding on one of two guide shafts 28 parallel, horizontal and transverse, fixed by their ends on the uprights 4 of the chassis 3 to l using flange bearings 29.
  • Each flange holder 24, substantially rectangular, also supports a feeler having two axes 30 which are each welded by one end to a flange 31, of generally rectangular shape, which is pivotally mounted by pins 32, carried at the longitudinal ends of its edge upper, on the corresponding flange holder 24, around a horizontal and longitudinal axis.
  • the pins 32 cooperate with bearings provided in the flange holder 24, in the vicinity of the two vertical edges of the latter, under the plates 26, and the flange 31 extends longitudinally inside the corresponding flange holder 24.
  • the two corresponding axes 30 are fixed on the lower part of the external face of the flange 31, and are spaced apart longitudinally.
  • the two axes 30 extend parallel to each other in a substantially transverse direction, and each pass in one of two substantially rectangular slots 33, formed in the flange holder 24, as well as in one of two small cylindrical sleeves 34 mounted swiveling about a horizontal and longitudinal axis in bearings screwed against the external face of the flange holder 24, on the sides of the corresponding lumen 33.
  • each of the flanges 31 is folded back against the corresponding flange holder 24 and the pins 30 actuate mechanical limit switch detectors (not shown) carried by the flange holders 24 to control the stopping of the geared motor 19 when the two flanges 31 are in abutment against the flange holders 24.
  • the diameter of a centered grinding wheel is measured using a pulse transmitter (of known type), fixed on the pinion 20 and connected to the automaton, which counts the pulses proportional to the rotations of the group 19 motor and therefore to the movements of the flange holders 24.
  • the slicer-binder 2 of the installation is arranged in line with the centering device 1, and on the side of the latter which is opposite to that by which the centering device 1 is practically adjacent to a conveyor belt conveyor (not shown), whose transport surface is an extension of the transport surface of the rollers 8 (to the left in FIG. 1) and which is intended to bring the cheese wheels onto the centering machine 1.
  • the slicer-bender 2 comprises a chassis 43, produced by assembling, in a manner known per se, vertical uprights 44, horizontal beams 45 and horizontal crosspieces 46, made up of sections of U-shaped profile.
  • This chassis 43 supports, substantially at mid height, a conveyor 47 with conveyor belt 48, the horizontal transport surface of which extends practically in line with that of the conveyor 7 of the centering device 1, and has a longitudinal axis of symmetry coincident with that of the centering device 1.
  • the ta udder 48 of this conveyor moves longitudinally and passes successively around an upstream head roller 49, a downstream head roller 50 (by sliding on a sole 51 extending between these two rollers and supported by the chassis 43) , a tensioning roller 52 (disposed between the rollers 49 and 50 and below them), and finally a control roller 53, arranged between the rollers 50 and 51 and under the latter, and ensuring the drive of the belt 48.
  • the rollers 49, 50 and 53 are directly mounted in rotation on the chassis 43, by suitable bearings, around parallel transverse and horizontal axes, while the tensioning roller 52 is mounted in rotation, around a parallel axis to those of the other rollers, on a support sliding longitudinally on a tensioner frame 54 and locked on the latter in a position ensuring a suitable tension of the belt 48, the tensioner frame 54 being supported by the chassis 43.
  • the control roller 53 is rotated at from a geared motor group with reversible hydraulic motor (not shown) fixed on a motor plate supported by the chassis 43, and by means of a transmission (partially shown in FIG.
  • the conveyor 47 is close to the downstream end of the conveyor 7 of the centering device 1 and sufficiently close to the latter so that the cheese wheels can be transferred from the conveyor 7 of the centering device 1 to the conveyor 47 of the slicer-binder 2 without intermediate conveyor.
  • the conveyor 47 is directly adjacent to a transverse evacuation conveyor 57, also supported by the chassis 43.
  • This transverse conveyor 57 is a conveyor belt 58, the transport surface of which s 'extends horizontally, slightly below the transport surface of the belt 48, and moves in a direction perpendicular to that of the latter.
  • the conveyor belt 58 passes successively around a control roller 59 and a downstream head roller 60 and finally on a deflection roller 61.
  • rollers 59 and 60 are mounted in rotation around parallel horizontal and longitudinal axes, including those of rollers 59 and 60 are in a fixed position on the chassis 43 by means of flanges and lateral supports for securing to the latter, while the deflection roller 61 is mounted on a support movable in vertical direction on the chassis 43 and adjustable in position vis-à-vis the latter, in order to ensure good tension of the belt 58, which slides on a sole 62 fixed to the frame 43 between the two rollers 59 and 60.
  • the belt 58 is driven by a geared motor group 63 with an electric motor and a transmission consisting of a pinion 64, keyed to the output shaft of the group 63, a pinion 65 keyed to the drive shaft of the control roller 59, and a chain 66 coupling sprockets 64 and 65.
  • the slicer also includes a main cutting blade 67, which is flat, vertical and transverse, and rectangular in shape with two symmetrical cutouts in a rectangular trapezoid in its lower lateral corners.
  • This blade 67 is bolted to each of the elements of a blade holder in three elements, namely a horizontal transverse and upper plate 68, and two lateral sleeves 69, of vertical axes, each of which is bolted also on the upper plate 68.
  • Each of the two sleeves 69 is mounted with water weaving around one of two vertical and lateral rods 70, each fixed, on one side of the conveyor 47, to the chassis 43 by bearings 71.
  • each sleeve 69 is articulated, by means of a ball joint 73, the upper end of a lateral connecting rod 72, of adjustable length, the lower end of which is articulated by a ball joint 74 on a axis 75, projecting outwards from the side, at an eccentric point of a plate 76 secured to a lateral end of a transverse shaft 77, which extends horizontally under the conveyor 47 and is mounted journalled in bearings 78 supported by the chassis 43.
  • this has rbre 77 is integral in rotation with a double pinion 79 coupled by a double chain (not shown) to a geared motor group 80 with an electric motor, supported by the chassis 43.
  • the cutting blade 67 is thus mounted displaceable with its blade holder , in vertical translation in its plane, along the two columns 70, and is driven back and forth between two positions offset vertically by the rod-crank system constituted by the rods 72, the discs 76, the coupling joints 73 and 74, and axes 75, when group 80 is in operation.
  • the sleeves 70 are preferably fitted with ball bushings. The assembly is thus produced that the blade 67 is mounted at a short distance, for example 120 mm, upstream from the axis of the downstream roller 50 of the conveyor 47.
  • the upper plate 68 supports, in its central part, a housing 81 equipped with bearings and in which the non-threaded central portion 83 of a screw 82 of horizontal and transverse axis is pivotally mounted, provided with two threaded rods 84 with opposite steps.
  • a pinion 85 keyed onto the non-threaded central part 83, is coupled by a chain 86 to a pinion 87 integral in rotation with the output shaft of a geared motor group 88 with electric motor and with angle gear, which is also fixed on the upper plate 68, and therefore moves vertically with it and the main blade 67.
  • Each threaded rod 84 is screwed into a nut 89 mounted on a support 90 bolted to a slide 91, itself mounted to slide transversely on the upper plate 68, and constituting one of the two elements of a blade holder carrying a descaling blade 93, and the other element 92 of which is a vertical member of horizontal U-shaped section, in which the corresponding blade 93 is fixed .
  • the two descaling blades 93 are small blades, in comparison with the main blade 67, which are planar, vertical and longitudinal. They have a rectangular shape with lower corner and cut downstream and with a sharp lower edge and they extend downstream relative to the main blade 67.
  • the two blades 93 are mounted symmetrically with respect to each other with their blade holder 91, 92 on the screw 82, so that the rotation of the electric and reversible brake motor of the group 88, in one direction or the other, ensures by the screw-nut system thus produced, a symmetrical displacement of the two blades 93, and there. same speed, in a direction which brings them closer or away from each other, according to the direction of rotation of the motor.
  • the cooperation of the slides 91 with the housing 81 makes it possible to block the blades 93 with a determined transverse spacing, in their position of maximum approximation.
  • the element 92 of the blade holder is fixed to the vertical downstream edge of the corresponding blade 93, so that the two blades 93 are joined by their upstream vertical edge against the main blade 67.
  • the motor unit 88 like the other motors of the bead cutter 2, is controlled by the programmable controller, and the transverse movement of the blades 93 is preferably controlled by a pulse emission system, of any suitable type known for this purpose.
  • the transverse and upper plate 68 also supports on its upper face, and slightly upstream of the main blade 67, the cylinders of five pneumatic cylinders 94, regularly distributed transversely along the blade 67, and the free end of each of the rods carries a stud 95 which is moved vertically over the width of the blade 67, opposite the upstream face thereof, when the jacks 94 are actuated.
  • the machine 2 finally comprises a retractable shim 96, provided with a shoe 97 having a front face shaped as a corner 98, of shape complementary to that of the rounded base of a grinding wheel and with a central recess, as shown in FIG.
  • This shoe 97 carries a vertical support 99 on which are fixed, on the one hand, a pair of points 100, parallel, spaced from one another and directed towards the corner part 98, and, on the other hand, the cylinder of a pneumatic cylinder 101, the free end of the rod of which carries a stud 102, also directed towards the corner part 98.
  • the shoe 97 carries a threaded stud 103 by which it is secured to one end 105 of a bent arm 104 articulated by its elbow around a vertical axis 106 supported by a fastener 107 on the frame 43, on one side of the belt 48, the other end 108 of the bent arm 104 being articulated on the end external to the cylinder of the rod of a pneumatic jack 109, extending longitudinally and carried by the chassis 43.
  • the retractable shim 96 is mounted so that when the rod of jack 109 is retracted, the shoe 97 is on the side of the mat 48 , upstream of the pivot axis 106, itself slightly upstream of the moving assembly carrying in particular the blades 67 and 93, and when the rod of the jack 109 is extended, the arm 104 pivots in a horizontal plane around the axis 106, clockwise in FIG. 6, so that the shoe 97 sweeps a circular path on the carpet 48, over an angular sector of approximately 90 °, its final position being shown in dotted lines in FIG. 6.
  • a cheese wheel is transferred from the feed conveyor, adjacent to the upstream end of the centralizer 1 on the conveyor 7 thereof, the l drive is controlled by the automaton, until the grinding wheel is located between the flange holders 24 previously spaced at most from each other.
  • the automaton then controls the bringing together of the flange holders 24 by the motor unit 19 and the screw 16-nut system 23. If the grinding wheel is not centered on the longitudinal axis of symmetry of the centering device 1, a flange 31 comes before the other in abutment against its flange holder 24 and in contact with the grinding wheel, and slides it laterally on the rollers 8 when stopped.
  • the centering is carried out and detected, and the diameter of the grinding wheel relative to the axis of the centering machine 1 is measured, and this measurement is communicated to the automaton, which controls the spacing of the flange holders 24 by the motorized screw-nut system and calculates the thickness to be given to the two heels of the same dimension to be cut in the axial ends of the grinding wheel 110 as well as the whole number of lanyards of the same thickness to be cut between the two heels, and the thickness or transverse dimension to be given to the end falls of the lanyards so that an entire number of plates of the same dimension can be subsequently cut from each lanyard.
  • the automaton again controls the drive of the conveyor 7 with rollers 8, as well as the drive of the conveyor 47 to belt 48, and the grinding wheel 110 is transferred from the centering machine 1 to the slicer-binder 2.
  • the centered grinding wheel 110 advances on the belt 48 until obscuring a photoelectric cell (not shown) located in a fixed position on the chassis 43 , downstream of the main blade 67, for example 120 mm from the axis thereof, which controls the stop of the belt 48.
  • the grinding wheel 110 is then suitably arranged to undergo a cutting and undercutting cycle, machine 2 being such that the blades 67 and 93 are in the high position (see the left half of FIG.
  • the relief blades 93 are in the closed position (see the left half in FIG. 5), the wedge retractable 96 is in the rest position, on the side of the belt 48 (see line) full on figure 6).
  • the grinding wheel 110 is moved back onto the belt 48 by a value which is determined by the automatic machine, as a function of the diameter of the grinding wheel 110 and the thickness of the lanyards to be cut, the amplitude of the displacement being indicated to the automaton by a pulse emission system of known type.
  • the belt 48 being stopped, the blades 67 and 93 are lowered by the rod-crank system, and the downstream heel is cut.
  • the blades 67 and 93 are reassembled with their respective blade holder and the jacks 94, then the belt 48 is advanced, and transfers the cut heel to the evacuation conveyor 57, which evacuates it laterally.
  • the feed of the conveyor belt 48 is interrupted by the automaton after a predetermined stroke and measured using a pulse transmitter associated with the drive motor of the conveyor belt 48, which thus always advances by a constant equal value, in this example, at 120 mm.
  • the . carpet 48 is then moved back by a value corresponding to the desired thickness of the lanyards, then stopped, and the blades 67 and 93 are lowered.
  • the blade 67 cuts the first lanyard, while the blades 93, which, in the meantime, have been separated from each other, in the high position, by a value determined by the automaton, and using the 82-nut 89 screw system, cut the two end falls of this lanyard.
  • the rods of the jacks 94 are lowered and the studs 95 are pressed on the grinding wheel 110 to immobilize it against the belt 48, during the lifting of the blades 67 and 93, in order to ensure separation between the grinding wheel 110 and the blade 67.
  • the stripping cylinders 94 are retracted and the blades 93 are again moved apart the other of a desired value, depending on the cuts to be cut on the cutting lanyard immediately after.
  • the mat 48 is advanced to transfer the cut lanyard to the mat 58, which discharges it laterally, then the mat 48 is moved back to cut the second lanyard, and so on until the second penultimate lanyard.
  • the blades 93 are brought together step by step, in the high position, and after successive cuts, after having passed through a position of maximum spacing (see right half of Figure 5).
  • the jacks 94 When three lanyards remain to be cut, the jacks 94 remain in the high position on the plate 68, and after the descent of the blades 67 and 93, it is the retractable wedge 96 which is pivoted by the actuation of the jack 109 (controlled by the automaton), and which is planted by its points 100 in the heel upstream of the grinding wheel 110, and be blocked by its wedge part 98 under this rounded heel, as shown in FIG. 7, in order to avoid the tilting of what remains of the grinding wheel. Then the blades go up, and the belt 48 is advanced, to transfer the cut lanyard to the evacuation conveyor 57, while the remaining part of the grinding wheel is retained by the points 100 of the wedge 96.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Dairy Products (AREA)
  • Finish Polishing, Edge Sharpening, And Grinding By Specific Grinding Devices (AREA)
  • Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)

Claims (24)

1. Verfahren zum Schneiden und Entkrusten von Käselaiben (110), bestehend aus :
Vorschieben jedes flach liegenden Laibs (110) in eine Zentrierstation (1), Verlagern des flach liegenden Laibs (110) in Querrichtung bezüglich einer Symmetrie-Längsachse der Zentrierstation (1) bis zu seinem Zentrieren auf dieser Symmetrie-Längsachse, Zentrieren des Laibs (110) auf dieser Symmetrie-Längsachse der Zentrierstation (1), indem man ihn in Querrichtung gleiten läßt durch gleichzeitige und mit gleicher Geschwindigkeit erfolgende Verlagerung gegen diese Achse von zwei Anschlägen (24), die sich beiderseits dieser Achse in Längsrichtung erstrecken, nachdem der Laib unter (110) zunächst zwischen diese beiden Anschläge (24) eingestellt wurde, Messen des Durchmessers des Laibs (110) mit Hilfe von Fühlern (30), die auf den Anschlägen (24) montiert und mit Signalgebern der Messung gekoppelt sind, seitliches Entfernen der Anschläge (24) bis zu ihrer Rückkehr in eine Ausgangslage, Messen des Durchmessers des Laibes (110), Bestimmen einer gemeinsamen Dicke entlang der Symmetrie-Längsachse, um die beiden Krusten mit gleicher Dimension senkrecht zu dieser Symmetrie-Längsachse an den beiden Extremitäten des Laibs (110) zu schneiden, wie eine gesamte Zahl und eine gemeinsame Dicke von Stücken, die zwischen den beiden Krusten herauszuschneiden sind, Bestimmen einer gemeinsamen Dicke längs der Richtung senkrecht zu der Symmetrie-Längsachse für zwei abzuschneidende Enden parallel zu dieser Symmetrie-Längsachse-an den beiden Extremitäten jedes Stückes, damit letztere zu einer gesamten Zahl von Platten der gleichen Dimension geschnitten werden können, Überführen des Laibs (110) an eine Station (2) für das Schneiden und Entkrusten auf der Symmetrie-Längsachse, auf der der Laib (110) zentriert ist, Einstellen des Laibs (110) in Bezug auf eine quer verlaufende Schneidklinge (67) der Schneid- und Entkrustungsstation und Abschneiden mit anschließendem Entfernen einer ersten Kruste mit der vorbestimmten Dicke, danach Neueinstellen des Laibs (110) in Bezug auf die quer verlaufende Schneidklinge (67) und gleichzeitig in Querrichtung Einstellen von zwei in Längsrichtung verlaufenden Entkrustungsklingen (93) der Schneid-und Entkrustungsstation in Bezug auf die quer verlaufende Schneidklinge (67), gleichzeitiges Schneiden eines Stückes mit der quer verlaufenden Klinge (67) und der beiden Enden dieses Stückes mit der beiden längs verlaufenden Entkrustungsschneiden (93), Entfernen des Stückes und der abgeschnittenen Enden, Wiederholen der vorgenannten drei Stufen, bis die gesamte vorbestimmte Zahl von Stücken geschnitten und entfernt ist, und schließlich Entfernen der zweiten Kruste.
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es besteht in Einstellen und Neueinstellen des Laibs (110) in Bezug auf die quer liegende Schneidklinge (67), indem der Laib bis auf eine vorbestimmte Stelle jenseits der Schneidposition der quer liegenden Klinge (67) vorbewegt, darauf der Laib zurückgezogen wird auf einem Weg der Funktion der vorbestimmten Dicke bezüglich der Krusten oder der Stücke ist, je nach dem, ob es sich um das Einstellen oder das Neueinstellen des Laibs handelt, und schließlich Anhalten desselben in der Schneidstellung.
3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es besteht im Entfernen der Kruste oder des Stückes, das abgeschnitten wurde durch Vorbewegen des Laibs (110) bis zu der besagten vorbestimmten Stelle jenseits der Schneidstellung der quer verlaufenden Klinge (67) im Verlauf der darauf folgenden Neueinstellung des Laibs in Bezug auf die quer verlaufende Klinge (67),
4. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es besteht im Quereinstellen der beiden längs verlaufenden Klingen (96) in Bezug auf die quer verlaufende Klinge (67), indem die beiden längs verlaufenden Klingen (93) Schritt für Schritt symmetrisch voneinander entfernt werden, nach den aufeinander folgenden Schnitten der quer verlaufenden Klinge (67) und ausgehend von einer Anfangsstellung, in der die beiden längs verlaufenden Klingen (93) gegeneinander angedrückt sind.
5. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es im Abstützen des Laibs (110) besteht, um ihn nach dem Abschneiden der ersten Kruste und jedes der Stücke, ausgenommen eventuell einige der letzten Stücke des Laibs, festzulegen, wo die quer verlaufende Klinge (67) sich noch in der Schneidstellung befindet, und diese Abstützung zu lösen, nachdem die quer verlaufende Klinge (67) ihre Schneidstellung verlassen hat.
6. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es darin besteht, nach dem Abschneiden aller Stücke, ausgenommen etwa einiger der letzten, und wo die quer verlaufende Klinge (67) sich noch in der Schneidstellung befindet, einen Keil (96) in die zweite Kruste des Laibs (110) zu setzen, um ein Schaukeln derselben während des Schnitts einiger der letzten Stücke zu verhindern, und nach Schneiden des letzten Stückes und während die quer verlaufende Klinge (67) noch in der Schneidstellung ist, die zweite Kruste gegen die quer verlaufende Klinge (67) zurückzustoßen durch Distanzierung des Keils (96) von letzterer, um den Keil (96) von der zweiten Kruste zu befreien, worauf diese entfernt wird, nachdem die quer verlaufende Klinge (67) ihre Schneidstellung verlassen hat.
7. Vorrichtung zum automatischen Schneiden und Entkrusten von Käselaiben (110), die aufweist : eine quer verlaufende Klinge (67), die dazu bestimmt ist, eine Kruste und die Stücke des Laibs (110) abzuschneiden und die sich quer in einer Ebene erstreckt, die im wesentlichen senkrecht zum Förderer (47) für das Einstellen der Laibe erstreckt, zwei längs verlaufende Entkrustungsklingen (93), die dazu bestimmt sind, die beiden äußeren Enden der Stück des Laibs abzuschneiden, und die sich in Längsrichtung erstreckend im wesentlichen der quer verlaufenden Klinge (67) beigefügt sind, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie aufweist : eine Zentriermaschine (1) für die Laibe, aufweisend : ein Chassis (3), ein am Chassis (3) gelagerter motorisierter Förderer (7), der eine Symmetrie-Längsachse aufweist, zwei seitliche Zentrieranschläge (24), die beiderseits der Symmetrie-Längsachse angeordnet sind und deren jeder sich in Längsrichtung und im wesentlichen senkrecht zum Förderer (7) erstreckt, ein Führungsmechanismus (27, 28) für Querverlagerung jedes der beiden Anschläge (24), senkrecht zu der Symmetrie-Längsachse und am Chassis (3) gelagert, ein Antriebsmechanismus (16, 23, 19, 20, 22, 21) für Querverlagerung jedes Anschlags (24) und am Chassis (3) gelagert, an den Anschlägen (24) gelagerte Fühler (30, 31) zum Zentrieren und Messen des Durchmessers der Laibe (110) und wenigstens ein Sender eines Signals der Messung des Durchmessers der Stück und eine Schneid- und Entkrustungsmaschine (2), aufweisend: ein Chassis (43), ein motorisierter Förderer (47) zum Einstellen der Laibe (110) in zwei Richtungen, gelagert am zugegehörigen Chassis (43) derart, daß die beiden Förderer (7, 47) im wesentlichen gegenseite Verlängerungen sind und eine Symmetrie-Längsachse darstellen, ein Führungsmechanismus (69, 70) für die quer verlaufende Schneidklinge (67) zum Bewegen in ihrer Ebene und gelagert am zugehörigen Chassis (43), ein Antriebsmechanismus (80, 79, 77, 76, 72) zum Bewegen der quer verlaufenden Klinge (67) in ihrer Ebene zwischen zwei Stellungen von denen die eine eine Schneidstellung für den Laib (110) und die andere eine Freigabestellung von dem Laib (110) ist, und der am zugehörigen Chassis (43) gelagert ist, ein Führungsmechanismus (91) der längs verlaufenden Entkrustungsklingen (93) beim Querbewegen derselben relativ zueinander und in Bezug auf die quer verlaufende Klinge (67), ein Antriebsmechanismus (88, 85, 82, 89) für die Querbewegung der längs verlaufenden Entkrustungsklingen (93) und ein motorisierter Antrieb (57) für die Abgabe der geschnittenen Stücke der am gehörigen Chassis (43) und benachbart zum Ende des Einstellförderer (47) an der der Zentriermaschine (1) gegenüberliegenden Seite gelagert ist.
8. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Schneid- und Entkrustungsmaschine (2) außerdem wenigstens eine Stützwinde (94) aufweist, die dazu bestimmt ist, den Laib (110) beim Anhalten gegen den Eistellförderer (47) zu halten, nachdem die quer verlaufende Schneidklinge (67) in Schneidstellung gekommen ist, den Laib (110) gegen den Förderer (47) zu halten während der Bewegung der quer verlaufenden Schneidklinge (67) in von dem Laib gelöste Stellung, und sich selbst von dem Laib zu lösen, um dessen weitere Verlagerung auf den Einstellförderer (47) nicht zu behindern.
9. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 7 und 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Schneid-und Entkrustungsmaschine (2) auch einen vorsenkbaren Keil (96) aufweist, der mit mindestens einer Spitze (100) zum Einstechen in den Laib (110) sowie mindestens einen Stößel (101, 102) zum Lösen der Spitze oder Spitzen (100) von dem Laib (110) bestimmt ist, sowie eine Stelleinrichtung (109) für den versenkbaren Keil (96) aus einer Eingriffsstellung mit dem Laib in eine von diesem gelöste Stellung mit freier Beweglichkeit des Laibs auf dem Einstellförderer (47).
10. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 7 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der motorisierte Förderer (7) der Zentriermaschine (1) ein Tisch mit Rollen (8) ist, deren Achsen quer verlaufen, am zugehörigen Chassis (3) gelagert und von einem gleichfalls am Chassis (3) gelagerten Antriebsaggregat mit Elektromotor (9) angetrieben sind über ein Getriebe mit Rollen (11, 12) und Riemen (13).
11. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 7 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Führungsmechanismus für die Querbewegung der Anschläge (24) zwei parallele quer verlaufende Wellen (28) aufweist, die mit Abstand in Längsrichtung am zugehörigen Chassis (3) oberhalb des Förderers (7) für die Zentriermaschine (1) gelagert sind, und für jeden Anschlag 24 wenigstens zwei Buchsen (27), deren jede einerseits längs einer der beiden Wellen (28) gleiten und andererseits mit dem zugehörigen Anschlag (24) verbunden gelagert ist.
12. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 7 bis 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Antriebsmechanismus für die Querbewegung jedes Anschlags (24) ein System mit Schneckengetriebe ist, das für beide Anschläge (24) eine gemeinsame, oberhalb des Förderers (7) der Zentriermaschine (1) quer verlaufend am zugehörigen Chassis (3) aufgehängte Schraube (16) aufweist mit einem zentralen Teil (17), durch das die Schraube (16) in fester Stellung aber drehbar an dem Chassis (3) gelagert und von einem gleichfalls am Chassis (3) gelagerten Antriebsaggregat (19) mit Elektromotor drehbar ist durch Zwischenschaltung einer Transmission mit Ritzeln (20, 21) und Kette (22) sowie zwei seitlichen Gewindestangen (18) mit gegenläufigem Gewinden, deren jede in eine Mutter (23) eingeschraubt ist, die starr mit einem der beiden Anschläge (24) verbunden ist.
13. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 7 bis 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß jeder der beiden Anschläge (24) der Zentriermaschine (1) ein Flanschträger, ausgestattet mit einem Fühler ist, welch letzterer aus einem Schwenkbar am Flanschträger (24) an dessen Innenseite geiagerten Flansch (31) und aus zwei zylindrischen quer gerichteten Stiften (30) mit gegenseitigen Längsabstand besteht, von denen jeder durch eine von zwei Fensteröffnungen (33) im zugehörigen Flanschträger (24) hindurchragt.
14. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 7 bis 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Einstellförderer (47) der Laibe (110) auf der Schneid- und Entkrustungsmaschine (2) ein Förderband (48) ist, das von einem am zugehörigen Chassis (43) gelagerten reversiblen hydraulischen Motor über ein Getriebe mit Ritzeln (55) und Kette angetrieben wird.
15. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 7 bis 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Förderer (57) für die Abgabe der Schneid- und Entkrustungsmaschine (2) ein Förderband (58) ist, das von einem am zugehörigen Chassis (43) gelagerten Antriebsaggregat (63) mit Elektromotor angetrieben wird über eine Transmission mit Ritzeln (64, 65) und Kette (66), wobei das Förderband (58) des Abgabeförderers im wesentlichen senkrecht zur Umlaufrichtung des Einstellforderers (47) umläuft und in seinem an diesen angrenzenden Teil ein wenig tiefer als dieser gelegen ist.
16. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 7 bis 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Führungsmechanismus der quer verlaufenden Schneidklinge (67) zwei seitliche, am Chassis (43) befestigte Säulen (70) beiderseits des Einstellförderers (47) und im wesentlichen senkrecht zu diesem aufweist, sowie zwei bewegliche Buchsen (69), deren jede gleitbar entlang einer der Säulen (70) gelagert und starr mit einem der seitlichen Enden der quer verlaufenden Schneidklinge (67) verbunden ist.
17. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 7 bis 16, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Fördermechanismus der quer verlaufenden Schneidklinge (67) ein System von Schub-Kurbelgetriebe mit zwei seitlichen Kurbelstangen (72) aufweist, die beiderseits des Einstellförderers (47) vorgesehen und jeweils mit einem ihrer Enden mit einem seitlichen Ende der quer verlaufenden Schneidklinge (67) verbunden sind und mit ihrem anderen Ende mit einer exzentrischen Stelle (75) einer von zwei drehfest mit einer Querwelle (77) verbundener Scheiben (76), wobei die Welle in Lagern (78) des zugehörigen Chassis (43) gelagert und ausgehend von einem gleichfalls an diesem Chassis gelagerten Motoraggregat (80) über eine Transmission mit Ritzeln (79) und Ketten drehbar ist.
18. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 7 bis 17, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Führungsmechanismus der beiden in Längsrichtung sich erstreckenden Entkrustungsklingen (93) bei Querverlagerung zwei Klingenträger (91, 92) aufweist, auf deren jedem eine Entkrustungsklinge (93) befestigt ist und deren jeder über ein Führungsstück dort längs einer Querleiste (68) gleitet mit der die quer verlaufende Schneidklinge (67) mit ihrer dem Einstellförderer (47) gegenüberliegenden Seite fest verbunden ist.
19. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 7 bis 18, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Mechanismus zum Querverlagern der längs verlaufenden Entkrustungsklinge (93) ein System mit Schneckentrieb ist, das eine den beiden Entkrustungsklingen (93) gemeinsame Schnecke (82) aufweist, die fest mit der quer verlaufenden Schneidklinge (67) verbunden ist und sich quer oberhalb des Einstellförderers (47) erstreckt, wobei die Schnecke (82) ein zentrales Teil (83) aufweist, durch das sie in fester Lage gegenüber der quer verlaufenden Schneidklinge (67) drehbar gelagert ist und ausgehend von einem Motoraggregat (88) mit elektrischer Motorbremsung, das gleichfalls fest mit der quer verlaufenden Schneidklinge (67) verbunden ist, in Drehung versetzt wird über eine Transmission mit Ritzeln (85, 87) und Kette (86) sowie zwei seitliche Gewindestangen (84) mit gegenläufigen Winden, deren jede in eine Muttor (89) eingeschraubt ist, die starr mit einer der beiden Entkrustungsschneiden (93) verbunden ist.
20. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 7 bis 19, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die beiden Entkrustungsschneiden (93) senkrecht zur quer verlaufenden Schneidklinge (67) und dieser auf ihrer dem Abgabeförderer (57) zugekehrten Seite beigefügt sind.
21. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 9 bis 20, wie rückbezogen auf Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß jede der Stützwinden (94) fest mit dem Raum der quer verlaufenden Schneidklinge (67), der dem Einstellförderer (47) gegenüberliegt, verbunden ist und sich senkrecht zu letzterem erstreckt, derjenigen Oberfläche der quer verlaufenden Schneidklinge (67) gegenüber stehend, die gegen die Zentriermaschine (1) gerichtet ist, wenn die Stange der Stützwinde (94) ausgefahren ist.
22. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 10 bis 21, wie zurückbezogen auf Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der einziehbare Keil (96), der mit mindestens einer Spitze (100) und einem Stößel (101, 102) versehen ist, von dem Ende eines Arms (104) getragen wird, der um eine Achse (106) schwenkbar gelagert ist, die im wesentlichen senkrecht zum Einstellförderer (47) auf einer Seite desselben verläuft und dessen Schwenkbewegungen von einer Stellschraube (109) gesteuert werden, wobei der Keil einen Schuh (97) trägt, der einen freien Teil (98) in Winkelform aufweist, welcher während der Schwenkbewegung des Arms (104) über die obere Fläche des Einstellförderers (47) streicht, wobei der Schuh (97) zwei Spitzen (100) beiderseits des Stoßels trägt, der von einer Winde (101) zum Zurückziehen der Spitzen (100) des Keils aus dem Laib gebildet ist.
23. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 7 bis 22, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Zentriermaschine (1) und die Schneid- und Entkrustungsmaschine (2) durch einen programmierbaren Automaten gesteuert sind.
EP85400388A 1984-02-29 1985-02-28 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Entkrusten und Schneiden von Käselaiben Expired EP0155881B1 (de)

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FR8403174A FR2560104B1 (fr) 1984-02-29 1984-02-29 Procede et installation automatique de tranchage et de detalonnage de meules de fromage
FR8403174 1984-02-29

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FR2766404B1 (fr) * 1997-07-24 1999-10-01 Entremont Procede pour la decoupe de meules de fromage, installation et dispositif pour sa mise en oeuvre
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FR2560104A1 (fr) 1985-08-30

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