EP0155772A1 - Heat exchanger - Google Patents
Heat exchanger Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0155772A1 EP0155772A1 EP85301197A EP85301197A EP0155772A1 EP 0155772 A1 EP0155772 A1 EP 0155772A1 EP 85301197 A EP85301197 A EP 85301197A EP 85301197 A EP85301197 A EP 85301197A EP 0155772 A1 EP0155772 A1 EP 0155772A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- passage
- passages
- refluxing
- heat exchanger
- wall
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
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Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D9/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
- F28D9/0062—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one heat-exchange medium being formed by spaced plates with inserted elements
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28B—STEAM OR VAPOUR CONDENSERS
- F28B1/00—Condensers in which the steam or vapour is separate from the cooling medium by walls, e.g. surface condenser
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28B—STEAM OR VAPOUR CONDENSERS
- F28B9/00—Auxiliary systems, arrangements, or devices
- F28B9/08—Auxiliary systems, arrangements, or devices for collecting and removing condensate
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F3/00—Plate-like or laminated elements; Assemblies of plate-like or laminated elements
- F28F3/02—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations
- F28F3/025—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations the means being corrugated, plate-like elements
Definitions
- This invention relates to refluxing heat exchangers sometimes known as dephlegmators, and in particular to such exchangers of the so-called plate-fin type.
- Such exchangers may be described as comprising a block which in its simplest form includes at least one first hollow section having an inlet and outlet for the passage of a fluid heat exchange medium therethrough and at least one second hollow section which is defined by a pair of spaced parallel plates subdivided by a corrugated sheet into a plurality of generally parallel and vertically disposed passages for the upward flow of vapour therethrough from an inlet at the bottom to an outlet at the top.
- the said first and second hollow sections are separated by a common wall, which is usually one of the flat plates of the second section, for the transfer of heat between the fluid heat exchange medium and the vapour.
- the first section like the second, is also divided into a plurality of parallel passageways eg. by a corrugated sheet.
- the second hollow section may be divided by two or more corrugated sheets each separated from the next by a flat sheet, to form, in effort, two or more bnnks of passages for the upward flow of the vapour which is to be cooled.
- the vapour to be cooled enters the passages at the bottom and travels upwards while being cooled by indirect heat exchange with the fluid circulating through the first hollow section.
- the descending liquid film must thicken and form drops of sufficient size to overcome surface tension forces before the liquid film can break away. These drops tend to reduce the flow area for ascending gas and thus the gas velocity and vapour shear will locally be higher than elsewhere and the greatest tendency for flooding is at the bottom of the passage.
- a refluxing plate-fin heat exchanger comprising a block including at least one first hollow section with an inlet and outlet for the passage of a fluid heat exchange medium therethrough and at least one second hollow section defined by a pair of generally parallel and flat plates the space between which is divided by a corrugated sheet, or two or more corrugated sheets each separated from the next by a flat sheet, into a plurality of separate and generally vertically disposed passages for the upward flow of vapour therethrough from an inlet at the bottom to an outlet at the top, said first and second sections having a common wall for the transfer of heat between them, and wherein each of at least some of said passages are provided with means, such as a surface extending generally downwardly below the bottom of the passage, for lowering the droplet forming zone for any liquid flowing down the wall of the passage to a level at which drop
- the surface extending generally downwardly below the bottom of the passage may be provided in many ways.
- the wall of the passage may be extended below the passage opening for a part only of its periphery; for example, by extending the corrugated sheet, a corrugation of which forms part of the passage wall, downwardly below the bottom of the flat sheet which formn the remainder of the passage wall, or vice versa.
- the corrugated sheet or flat sheet which is extended downwards relative to the other may be perforated in its extension, if desired, to reduce interference with horizontal gas flow below the passage opening.
- an extension which may be in the form of one or more wires or strips may be attached to the bottom of the passage e.g. by brazing or other suitable means.
- the extension may, for example, comprise a bundle of wires in the form of a brush.
- Such extensions may, if desired, be attached to the walls of the passages above the bottoms thereof and extend below the bottoms whereby to conduct any liquid flowing down the passage wall to a level below the passage opening. It will also be understood that these extensions need not be attached to, or even touch, the passage wall provided they are in sufficiently close proximity as to permit flow of liquid down the passage wall to transfer to and continue to flow down the extension.
- Each of the refluxing sections is divided into a plurality of vertical passageways by corrugated sheets 12, 22 etc. these corrugations having in cross-section the general configuration of a square wave with rounded corners as shown in Figure 1A.
- the first or coolant sections are also divided likewise into passageways by corrugated sheets, not shown.
- vapour feed enters the bottom of the refluxing sections and, as it travels upwardly through the sections, is cooled by heat exchange with a coolant medium that is circulated through the coolant sections of the heat exchanger. Condensate formed by the cooling of the vapour travels back down the passages in counter-current direct contact with the rising vapour stream and exits from the bottom of the passages.
- the walls of each of the passages in each of the refluxing sections of the heat exchanger are formed in part by a corrugation of the corrugated sheet 12, 22 etc. and in part by one of the two parting sheets between which the corrugated sheet lies.
- a part of the periphery of the wall of each passageway is, in accordance with the invention, extended downwards a sufficient distance to lower the droplet-forming zone below the plane in which the openings of the passages lie. This is effected by arranging for the bottom end of each of the corrugated sheets 12, 22, etc.
- the degree of extension of the corrugated sheet is not critical provided that the desired end of lowering the zone in which the droplets form to a level at which the forming droplets do not constrict the passage openings is achieved. In general an extension of about the same order as the corrugation height, which is typically about 0.25 inch (6mm), is adequate.
- the solution according to the invention is provided by arranging for a parting sheet, eg. 30 or 50, which provides a part of the wall for passageways in a refluxing section, to be extended below the bottom of the adjacent corrugated sheet 12, 22.
- a parting sheet eg. 30 or 50
- the lower edge of the parting sheet is serrated or otherwise suitably profiled to encourage localised areas of concentration of the liquid film and assist droplet formation.
- the zone at which the downflowing liquid film forms into droplets is thereby brought to a level below the passage openings thus reducing or avoiding altogether a tendency of the openings to become blocked by the forming droplets.
- FIGs 4, 5, and 7 are vertical cross-sections through refluxing heat exchangers of the general kind described above with reference to Figures 1 to 3 but wherein each refluxing section comprises, respectively, two or three layers of corrugated sheet each separated from the next by a flat secondary parting sheet, whereby to provide, respectively, two or three banks of passages.
- each refluxing section contains two or three layers, respectively, of corrugated sheet, identified as 12A, 12B, 22A, 22B etc. in Figure 4 and 12A, 12B, 12C, 22A, 22B, 22C etc. in Figure 5, each pair of adjacent corrugated sheets being separated by a flat secondary parting sheet 14, 24 etc. in Figure 4 and 14A, 14B, 24A, 24B etc. in Figure 5.
- FIGs 6 and 7 illustrate the application of the embodiment of the invention illustrated in Figure 3 to heat exchangers of the kind having two or three banks of passages, respectively.
- the same features as those of the embodiments of Figures 4 and 5 have the same reference numerals.
- the single secondary parting sheet 14, 24 etc. in each refluxing section is extended relative to the level of the adjacent corrugated sheets 12A, 12B, 22A, 22B etc., thus benefiting half the passages in each bank. All the passages may be benefited if each of the primary parting sheets 20, 30, 40, 50 etc. is also extended but ideally to a different level than that of the secondary parting sheet.
- each pair of secondary parting sheets 14A, 14B, 24A, 24B, etc. in each refluxing section is extended below the level of the adjacent corrugated sheets.
- both secondary parting sheets may be extended to the same level or, preferably, to different levels.
- one or more of the primary parting sheets may be extended, the criterion for optimum improvement being that adjacent parting sheets (primary or secondary) are not extended to the same level.
- the benefit of the invention may also be obtained for heat exchangers of the kind illustrated in Figures 4 and 6 by arranging for the bottom ends of the corrugated sheets 12A, 12B, 22A, 22B-etc. to be at a level above the bottom ends of the primary and secondary parting sheets 20, 30, 40, 50 etc and 14, 24, 34 etc.
- heat exchangers of the kind having two or more banks of passages in a refluxing section it is also possible in heat exchangers of the kind having two or more banks of passages in a refluxing section to extend a combination of parting and corrugated sheets.
- the invention is also applicable to heat exchangers having more than three banks of passages in a refluxing section.
- the lowering of the droplet forming zone to a level at which droplet formation does not constrict the mouth of the passage may be achieved in other ways, e.g. by attaching strip- or wire-like extensions to the walls of the passages. Wire bundles may be used to form brush-like extensions.
- the extension may be fixed to the bottom of the wall of the passage or at a location on the passage wall above the bottom. Furthermore, the extension need not be attached to the wall or even touch it provided that it is in sufficiently close proximity to the wall to permit liquid flowing down the wall to transfer to and continue to flow down the extension.
Abstract
The tendency towards the disadvantageous phenomenon known as flooding in refluxing heat exchangers of the so-called plate-fin kind is reduced or avoided by providing at least some of the primary passages with means such as a surface extending downwardly from the bottom of the passage for lowering the droplet forming zone for any liquid flowing down the wall of the passage to a level at which droplet formation does not constrict the opening into the passage.
Description
- This invention relates to refluxing heat exchangers sometimes known as dephlegmators, and in particular to such exchangers of the so-called plate-fin type.
- Such exchangers may be described as comprising a block which in its simplest form includes at least one first hollow section having an inlet and outlet for the passage of a fluid heat exchange medium therethrough and at least one second hollow section which is defined by a pair of spaced parallel plates subdivided by a corrugated sheet into a plurality of generally parallel and vertically disposed passages for the upward flow of vapour therethrough from an inlet at the bottom to an outlet at the top. The said first and second hollow sections are separated by a common wall, which is usually one of the flat plates of the second section, for the transfer of heat between the fluid heat exchange medium and the vapour. Usually, the first section, like the second, is also divided into a plurality of parallel passageways eg. by a corrugated sheet.
- In another form, the second hollow section may be divided by two or more corrugated sheets each separated from the next by a flat sheet, to form, in effort, two or more bnnks of passages for the upward flow of the vapour which is to be cooled. In operation, the vapour to be cooled enters the passages at the bottom and travels upwards while being cooled by indirect heat exchange with the fluid circulating through the first hollow section.
- It is thus a feature of these exchangers that within some, at least, of the said passages, condensation of the vapour occurs so that there is a liquid phase which runs down the passage under gravity in counter-current to the rising vapour stream. A certain minimum flow area is required to ensure that a phenomenon termed 'flooding' does not occur. Flooding occurs when moving vapour exerts an upward shear force on the liquid sufficient to thicken the liquid film and cause bridging of the passage with a consequential large increase in gas pressure drop and liquid entrainment in the vapour stream. The minimum cross-sectional (flow) area is thus primarily dictated by the heed to avoid flooding, and not by heat transfer considerations.
- At the bottom of each passage, the descending liquid film must thicken and form drops of sufficient size to overcome surface tension forces before the liquid film can break away. These drops tend to reduce the flow area for ascending gas and thus the gas velocity and vapour shear will locally be higher than elsewhere and the greatest tendency for flooding is at the bottom of the passage.
- The present invention provides an improved design of refluxing plate-fin heat exchanger in which the tendency to flood at the bottom of the passage is reduced or nvoided. According to the present invention, there is provided a refluxing plate-fin heat exchanger comprising a block including at least one first hollow section with an inlet and outlet for the passage of a fluid heat exchange medium therethrough and at least one second hollow section defined by a pair of generally parallel and flat plates the space between which is divided by a corrugated sheet, or two or more corrugated sheets each separated from the next by a flat sheet, into a plurality of separate and generally vertically disposed passages for the upward flow of vapour therethrough from an inlet at the bottom to an outlet at the top, said first and second sections having a common wall for the transfer of heat between them, and wherein each of at least some of said passages are provided with means, such as a surface extending generally downwardly below the bottom of the passage, for lowering the droplet forming zone for any liquid flowing down the wall of the passage to a level at which droplet formation does not constrict the opening into the passage.
- The surface extending generally downwardly below the bottom of the passage may be provided in many ways. In one embodiment the wall of the passage may be extended below the passage opening for a part only of its periphery; for example, by extending the corrugated sheet, a corrugation of which forms part of the passage wall, downwardly below the bottom of the flat sheet which formn the remainder of the passage wall, or vice versa. In this case, the corrugated sheet or flat sheet which is extended downwards relative to the other may be perforated in its extension, if desired, to reduce interference with horizontal gas flow below the passage opening.
- In another alternative, an extension which may be in the form of one or more wires or strips may be attached to the bottom of the passage e.g. by brazing or other suitable means. The extension may, for example, comprise a bundle of wires in the form of a brush. Such extensions may, if desired, be attached to the walls of the passages above the bottoms thereof and extend below the bottoms whereby to conduct any liquid flowing down the passage wall to a level below the passage opening. It will also be understood that these extensions need not be attached to, or even touch, the passage wall provided they are in sufficiently close proximity as to permit flow of liquid down the passage wall to transfer to and continue to flow down the extension.
- The invention will now be described in greater detail with reference to certain embodiments thereof and with the aid of the accompanying drawings in which:
- Figure 1 is a perspective view showing a conventional plate-fin refluxing heat exchanger of the kind having a plurality of alternating first (or coolant) and second (or refluxing) sections and one bank of passages, ie. one corrugated sheet, in each second or refluxing section;
- Figure 1A is a cross-section through one of the reflexing sections of the heat exchanger of Figure 1;
- Figure 2 is a corresponding view of the heat exchanger of Figure 1 modified in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;
- Figure 3 is the corresponding view of the heat exchanger of Figure 1 modified in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention;
- Figures 4 and 5 are diagramatic vertical cross-sectional views showing an adaptation of the embodiment of the invention illustrated in Figure 2 to refluxing heat exchangers having two and three banks, respectively, of passages in each second or refluxing section; and
- Figures 6 and 7 are diagramatic vertical cross-sectional views showing the adaptation of the embodiment of the invention illustrated in Figure 3 to refluxing heat exchangers having two and three banks, respectively, of passages in each second or refluxing section.
- Figure 1 illustrates one form of conventional plate-fin heat exchanger having a single bank of passages in each second or refluxing section. In effect, the exchanger comprises a plurality of spaced parallel
flat plates plates plates plates plates - Each of the refluxing sections is divided into a plurality of vertical passageways by
corrugated sheets - In operation, vapour feed enters the bottom of the refluxing sections and, as it travels upwardly through the sections, is cooled by heat exchange with a coolant medium that is circulated through the coolant sections of the heat exchanger. Condensate formed by the cooling of the vapour travels back down the passages in counter-current direct contact with the rising vapour stream and exits from the bottom of the passages.
- At the bottom of each passage down which condensate is descending, the descending film of condensate must thicken into drops of sufficient size to overcome surface tension forces before the drops can break away from the bottom of the passages. The formation of these drops reduces the available area of the passage for the entry of the ascending vapour. Thus, the velocity of the ascending vapour and its shear will be increased in the vicinity of the bottom of the passage bringing a tendency to flooding.
- In the arrangement illustrated, the walls of each of the passages in each of the refluxing sections of the heat exchanger are formed in part by a corrugation of the
corrugated sheet corrugated sheets parting sheets - In the embodiment illustrated in Figure 3, in which the parts corresponding to those of the structure illustrated in Figure 1 are accorded the same reference numerals, the solution according to the invention is provided by arranging for a parting sheet, eg. 30 or 50, which provides a part of the wall for passageways in a refluxing section, to be extended below the bottom of the adjacent
corrugated sheet - Figures 4, 5, and 7 are vertical cross-sections through refluxing heat exchangers of the general kind described above with reference to Figures 1 to 3 but wherein each refluxing section comprises, respectively, two or three layers of corrugated sheet each separated from the next by a flat secondary parting sheet, whereby to provide, respectively, two or three banks of passages.
- In the arrangements illustrated in Figures 4 and 5, which illustrate the application of the embodiment of the invention illustrated in Figure 2, ie. downward extension of a corrugated sheet, to a heat exchanger having respectively two or three banks of passages in each refluxing section, the features which correspond to those of Figure 2 are given the same reference numerals. As illustrated, each refluxing section contains two or three layers, respectively, of corrugated sheet, identified as 12A, 12B, 22A, 22B etc. in Figure 4 and 12A, 12B, 12C, 22A, 22B, 22C etc. in Figure 5, each pair of adjacent corrugated sheets being separated by a flat
secondary parting sheet - To achieve an improvement in performance in heat exchangers of this kind wherein a refluxing section has two banks of passages, as illustrated in Figure 4, it is necessary for only one of each pair of the corrugated sheets in each refluxing section to be extended. In Figure 4, this is shown as the left hand
corrugated sheet - In heat exchangers of the kind having three banks of passages in a refluxing section, as illustrated in Figure 5, a valuable improvement is obtained if just the central
corrugated sheet - All the passages may have the benefit of the invention if each of
corrugated sheets middle sheet sheets - Figures 6 and 7 illustrate the application of the embodiment of the invention illustrated in Figure 3 to heat exchangers of the kind having two or three banks of passages, respectively. The same features as those of the embodiments of Figures 4 and 5 have the same reference numerals.
- In the embodiment illustrated in Figure 6, the single
secondary parting sheet corrugated sheets primary parting sheets - In the embodiment illustrated in Figure 7, one of each pair of
secondary parting sheets - If desired, however, both secondary parting sheets may be extended to the same level or, preferably, to different levels. Similarly one or more of the primary parting sheets may be extended, the criterion for optimum improvement being that adjacent parting sheets (primary or secondary) are not extended to the same level.
- The benefit of the invention may also be obtained for heat exchangers of the kind illustrated in Figures 4 and 6 by arranging for the bottom ends of the
corrugated sheets secondary parting sheets - Of course, it is also possible in heat exchangers of the kind having two or more banks of passages in a refluxing section to extend a combination of parting and corrugated sheets.
- While the invention has been described with reference in particular to heat exchangers where the 'fins' of the plate-fin assembly are corrugated sheets with a square wave cross-section, it will be understood that it is not limited thereto and may be applied also to those heat exchangers where the fins have different cross-sections, eg. sinusoidal or V-shaped.
- Likewise, the invention is also applicable to heat exchangers having more than three banks of passages in a refluxing section.
- Moreover, as indicated above, the lowering of the droplet forming zone to a level at which droplet formation does not constrict the mouth of the passage may be achieved in other ways, e.g. by attaching strip- or wire-like extensions to the walls of the passages. Wire bundles may be used to form brush-like extensions. The extension may be fixed to the bottom of the wall of the passage or at a location on the passage wall above the bottom. Furthermore, the extension need not be attached to the wall or even touch it provided that it is in sufficiently close proximity to the wall to permit liquid flowing down the wall to transfer to and continue to flow down the extension.
Claims (3)
1. A refluxing plate-fin heat exchanger comprising a block including at least one first hollow section with an inlet and outlet for the passage of a fluid heat exchange medium therethrough and at least one second hollow section defined by a pair of generally parallel and flat plates the space between which is divided by a corrugated sheet, or two or more corrugated sheets each separated from the next by a flat sheet, into a plurality of separate and generally vertically disposed passages for the upward flow of vapour therethrough from an inlet at the bottom to an outlet at the top, said first and second sections having a common wall for the transfer of heat between them, and wherein each of at least some of said passages are provided with means, such as a surface extending generally downwardly below the bottom of the passage, for lowering the droplet forming zone for any liquid flowing down the wall of the passage to a level at which droplet formation does not constrict-the opening into the passage.
- 2. A heat exchanger as claimed in claim 1 in which the surface extending generally downwardly below the bottom of the passage is provided by extending the corrugated sheet, a corrugation of which forms part of the passage wall, downwardly below the bottom of the flat sheet which forms the remainder of the passage wall, or vice versa.
3. A heat exchanger as claimed in claim 1 in which the surface extending generally downwardly below the bottom of the passage is provided by one or more wires or strips.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB8406530 | 1984-03-13 | ||
GB08406530A GB2155610A (en) | 1984-03-13 | 1984-03-13 | Heat exchanger |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0155772A1 true EP0155772A1 (en) | 1985-09-25 |
Family
ID=10558004
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP85301197A Withdrawn EP0155772A1 (en) | 1984-03-13 | 1985-02-22 | Heat exchanger |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0155772A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPS60213797A (en) |
GB (1) | GB2155610A (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1457750A1 (en) * | 2003-03-11 | 2004-09-15 | SFC Smart Fuel Cell AG | Liquid drain for fluid conducting devices |
FR2895788A1 (en) * | 2006-01-03 | 2007-07-06 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Heat exchanger for use as reflux condenser, has fluid circulation circuit with lower edge comprising prominent zones towards bottom, where lower edge permits to deviate condensates towards zones |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS63154960U (en) * | 1987-03-27 | 1988-10-12 |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2111026B1 (en) * | 1971-03-08 | 1972-08-03 | Linde Ag | Plate condenser heat exchanger |
FR2362355A1 (en) * | 1976-08-16 | 1978-03-17 | Hitachi Ltd | Heat exchanger with stacked heat transfer plates - has each plate with flat end sections and connecting middle section |
GB1565817A (en) * | 1975-12-19 | 1980-04-23 | Hisaka Works Ltd | Plate-type indirect heat exchangers |
Family Cites Families (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB1256964A (en) * | 1968-06-28 | 1971-12-15 | ||
SE427214B (en) * | 1976-02-28 | 1983-03-14 | Hisaka Works Ltd | CONDENSER |
-
1984
- 1984-03-13 GB GB08406530A patent/GB2155610A/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1985
- 1985-02-22 EP EP85301197A patent/EP0155772A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1985-03-12 JP JP4760085A patent/JPS60213797A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2111026B1 (en) * | 1971-03-08 | 1972-08-03 | Linde Ag | Plate condenser heat exchanger |
GB1565817A (en) * | 1975-12-19 | 1980-04-23 | Hisaka Works Ltd | Plate-type indirect heat exchangers |
FR2362355A1 (en) * | 1976-08-16 | 1978-03-17 | Hitachi Ltd | Heat exchanger with stacked heat transfer plates - has each plate with flat end sections and connecting middle section |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
PETRO-CHEM. ENGINEER, vol. 39, no. 9, August 1967, pages 25-26, Dallas, US; H.J.MIKUS: "Heat exchanger use" * |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1457750A1 (en) * | 2003-03-11 | 2004-09-15 | SFC Smart Fuel Cell AG | Liquid drain for fluid conducting devices |
FR2895788A1 (en) * | 2006-01-03 | 2007-07-06 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Heat exchanger for use as reflux condenser, has fluid circulation circuit with lower edge comprising prominent zones towards bottom, where lower edge permits to deviate condensates towards zones |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
GB2155610A (en) | 1985-09-25 |
GB8406530D0 (en) | 1984-04-18 |
JPS60213797A (en) | 1985-10-26 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
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PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
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AK | Designated contracting states |
Designated state(s): BE DE FR |
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17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 19860319 |
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17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 19860825 |
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STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION IS DEEMED TO BE WITHDRAWN |
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18D | Application deemed to be withdrawn |
Effective date: 19860905 |
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RIN1 | Information on inventor provided before grant (corrected) |
Inventor name: TOMLINSON, TERENCE RONALD Inventor name: CUMMINGS, DONALD RAY |