EP0155021A1 - Capsule de bouchage en polypropylène pourvue d'un joint et d'une bande de garantie - Google Patents

Capsule de bouchage en polypropylène pourvue d'un joint et d'une bande de garantie Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0155021A1
EP0155021A1 EP85200149A EP85200149A EP0155021A1 EP 0155021 A1 EP0155021 A1 EP 0155021A1 EP 85200149 A EP85200149 A EP 85200149A EP 85200149 A EP85200149 A EP 85200149A EP 0155021 A1 EP0155021 A1 EP 0155021A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
closure cap
container
gasket
plastisol
sealing ring
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP85200149A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0155021B1 (fr
EP0155021B2 (fr
Inventor
Wiebren Durk Halbe Kornelis
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Kornelis' Kunsthars Producten Industrie BV
Kornelis Kunsthars Producten Industrie BV
Original Assignee
Kornelis' Kunsthars Producten Industrie BV
Kornelis Kunsthars Producten Industrie BV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Family has litigation
First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=19843469&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=EP0155021(A1) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Application filed by Kornelis' Kunsthars Producten Industrie BV, Kornelis Kunsthars Producten Industrie BV filed Critical Kornelis' Kunsthars Producten Industrie BV
Priority to AT85200149T priority Critical patent/ATE34148T1/de
Publication of EP0155021A1 publication Critical patent/EP0155021A1/fr
Publication of EP0155021B1 publication Critical patent/EP0155021B1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0155021B2 publication Critical patent/EP0155021B2/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D53/00—Sealing or packing elements; Sealings formed by liquid or plastics material
    • B65D53/06—Sealings formed by liquid or plastic material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D41/00—Caps, e.g. crown caps or crown seals, i.e. members having parts arranged for engagement with the external periphery of a neck or wall defining a pouring opening or discharge aperture; Protective cap-like covers for closure members, e.g. decorative covers of metal foil or paper
    • B65D41/02—Caps or cap-like covers without lines of weakness, tearing strips, tags, or like opening or removal devices
    • B65D41/04—Threaded or like caps or cap-like covers secured by rotation
    • B65D41/0435—Threaded or like caps or cap-like covers secured by rotation with separate sealing elements
    • B65D41/0442—Collars or rings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D41/00—Caps, e.g. crown caps or crown seals, i.e. members having parts arranged for engagement with the external periphery of a neck or wall defining a pouring opening or discharge aperture; Protective cap-like covers for closure members, e.g. decorative covers of metal foil or paper
    • B65D41/32—Caps or cap-like covers with lines of weakness, tearing-strips, tags, or like opening or removal devices, e.g. to facilitate formation of pouring openings
    • B65D41/34—Threaded or like caps or cap-like covers provided with tamper elements formed in, or attached to, the closure skirt
    • B65D41/3461—Threaded or like caps or cap-like covers provided with tamper elements formed in, or attached to, the closure skirt the tamper element being retracted by heat or by heat and pressure
    • B65D41/3466—Threaded or like caps or cap-like covers provided with tamper elements formed in, or attached to, the closure skirt the tamper element being retracted by heat or by heat and pressure and being integrally connected to the closure by means of bridges
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D53/00—Sealing or packing elements; Sealings formed by liquid or plastics material
    • B65D53/02—Collars or rings

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a process for making a closure cap provided with a gasket from a polypropylene material for a container, said closure cap comprising an end wall and a circumferential side wall, in which process the gasket is formed in the closure cap via a melting and a cooling operation by applying in the closure cap an amount of plastisol which is shaped therein into a gasket configuration at an elevated temperature adjusted after the plastisol addition; causing the plastisol shaped into the gasket configuration to melt completely by further energy supply and then cooling same to form the gasket.
  • Preheating can be appropriately carried out in a hot air oven.
  • a temperature of the closure cap of more than 35° C below the melting temperature thereof is probably not suitable for the conventional plastisols. If there is used a plastisol having a lower melting point, then also a lower temperature of the closure cap can be maintained in the preheating step. However, if there is started from a closure cap made from an olefin polymer melting at a lower temperature, then, conversely, the temperature range to be maintained for the closure cap in the preheating step must preferably be only 5-15° C, in particular 5-10° C below the melting point of the olefin polymer. Therefore, if the closure cap is made from, e.g., polyethylene having a high density, then, accordingly, the temperature range of the closure cap in the preheating step is preferably 120-125° C.
  • this closure cap is brought into a hot air oven having an air temperature which is 30° C, preferably 20° C, below the melting point of the olefin polymer material from which the closure cap has been made.
  • the preheating step is carried out, in practice, at an air temperature of 135-160° C for 1-10 min., e.g., an air temperature of 155° C for approximately 3 minutes, followed by the procedure in a microwave oven in which the ambient temperature is likewise high enough to prevent the preheated closure cap from sustaining heavy losses of heat, and which is, e.g., at least 140 0 C.
  • the duration of the microwave procedure depends on the energy supplied and is not less than approximately 1 min.
  • the step of shaping the plastisol in the closure cap until a gasket configuration has been obtained can be performed in the conventional manner, preferably by injecting the plastisol in liquid or semi-liquid condition into the closure cap which is advantageously arranged upside down, i.e. the end wall is positioned at the bottom side, and distributing same therein by subjecting the closure cap to a rapid rotation.
  • a closure cap the end wall of which is internally provided with an inner edge, the plastisol being injected into the annular space between the inner edge and the side wall of the closure cap.
  • closure caps and containers in particular, however, for closure caps of bottles of threaded construction or of the snap-on type, which caps can be provided with an unspecified anti-theft means, however, normally have a limited inner diameter of approximately 25-32 mm.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a process with which it is none the less possible to prepare a closure cap provided with a gasket from a polypropylene material, which is further provided with a sealing ring of the type that is integrally connected with the closure cap, in particular with its side wall, via a number of narrow bridges which are broken on the first opening of the container.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a closure cap made from an olefin polymer and provided with a gasket of a plastisol material, which is suitable for use on a container having a wide mouth the diameter of which may be up to 90 mm and more, which closure cap is further provided with a sealing ring of the type defined in the preceding paragraph.
  • a process of the type specified in the opening paragraph which is characterized by starting from an integral combination of the closure cap with a sealing ring which is connected with the closure cap by means of a number of frangible bridges capable of being broken on the first opening of the container, and, to form the gasket, carrying out the melting operation by heating the closure cap after addition of the plastisol to a temperature of 50-110 0 C and by exposing the resulting plastisol shaped into the gasket configuration subsequently, as is known per se, to microwave energy until the plastisol has been completely molten.
  • the process according to the invention may start from a closure cap of a standard grade polypropylene; it is therefore not necessary to use a high-melting polypropylene material.
  • a normal type of plastisol e.g., that consisting of a microsuspension of a vinyl chloride copolymer resin with 5% vinyl acetate and further comprising conventional constituents, e.g., one or more stabilizers, plasticizers, viscosity-reducing and/or torsion-reducing agents.
  • the starting point of the invention is a closure cap the end wall of which is thinner by 20-50% at the position where the gasket is to be formed, such as at the position of the annular space bounded by the undercuts mentioned before.
  • This promotes the heat transfer to the plastisol in the oven, such as the hot air oven in which the preheating can be performed.
  • the higher flexibility of the end wall at the relevant position enhances the self-ventilating action of it when the contents of the container are pasteurized.
  • the melting operation of the plastisol disposed in situ in the closure cap is carried out by preheating the combination of closure cap and plastisol to 50-110 0 C and then exposing the resulting gasket configuration to microwave energy having a frequency of 10-200 MHz.
  • the melting operation is carried out by heating the closure cap after addition of the plastisol to 100° C within 15-30 sec. and completely melting the plastisol shaped into the gasket configuration by 3-15 sec. exposure to microwave energy having a frequency of 27.10-27.15 MHz. This frequency is permitted for industrial uses in the whole world.
  • a closure cap which comprises a homogeneous gasket, and which is further provided with an undamaged, undeformed sealing ring, and which closure cap may have such an inner diameter that it can be applied to a container having a wide mouth.
  • a closure cap can be obtained having an inner diameter which may be up to 90 mm or more.
  • the invention is particularly suitable for, although not limited to, the preparation of a closure cap with an integrally connected sealing ring the inner side wall of which is threaded so that this container can be opened or closed by rotation of the closure cap, in conjunction with corresponding provisions made at the neck of the container.
  • the invention also relates to a closure cap made of an olefin polymer comprising an end wall and a circumferential side wall provided with a gasket formed from a plastisol material, for a container said closure cap being provided with a sealing ring which is integrally connected with the side wall of the closure cap via bridges capable of being broken on the first opening of the container, and said end wall having a wall thickness decreased by 20-50% at the gasket, the inner diameter of the closure cap very advantageously being up to 100 mm.
  • the closure cap of the invention is provided with an annular space bounded by two undercuts within which the gasket is contained, and is further characterized in that the inner undercut is tapered in cross-section and resilient and has such a width that upon closure of the container with the closure cap the undercut partly rests on the upper surface of the container edge.
  • the closure cap When the closure cap is made from a polypropylene material, it is ensured that the diameter of the sealing ring is large enough to provide that after the container has been closed with the closure cap the sealing ring and the bridges are not in contact with the container.
  • the sealing ring and the bridges are heated during the sealing procedure, such a contact, as will be elucidated hereinafter, would mean that heat is dissipated via the container so that the polypropylene material becomes insufficiently plastic.
  • the sealing ring and the bridges with a closure cap made from a polypropylene material it is ensured that in the sealing procedure the bridges can be overstretched under the locking collar and are malleable.
  • the invention also relates to a process for closing and sealing a container in which, after the container has been closed, the temperature of the sealing ring is increased and the sealing ring is deformed over and around the locking collar towards the neck of the container.
  • a closure cap according to the invention which has been made from a polypropylene material
  • the procedure followed is such that after the container has been closed with the closure cap, the sealing ring is subjected to a heat treatment until a sufficient plasticity of the polypropylene material has been obtained, after which the sealing ring is mechanically pressed against the neck of the container over and around the locking collar with simultaneous overstretching and flattening of the bridges over and under the locking collar.
  • the heat treatment may consist in, e.g., exposing the sealing ring and the bridges to air having a temperature of approximately 400° C for approximately 2 sec. After mechanically pinching with e.g. so-called clamps, the ring is positioned around the container under the locking collar and the frangible bridges are stretched and flattened. Thus it is achieved that in spite of per se relatively tough polypropylene material the sealing ring is easily detached at the frangible bridges on the first opening of the container. When the closure cap is loosened for the first time, the sealing ring will substantially be detached from the closure cap via the bridges so that, after the closure cap has been closed again, it will always be visible that the container has been opened.
  • the closure cap according to the invention is the first to incorporate a combination of three properties, namely that (a) the container closed with the closure cap after filling can be closed in compression-proof and vacuum-tight condition substantially without any restriction; (b) the container can be closed again after opening so that it is completely shut off from the atmosphere, and (c) the closure of the container after the first filling is irreversibly sealable.
  • the closure cap according to the invention can be made available with an inner diameter which may be up to 100 mm so that for the first time foodstuffs which, in practice, are packed mainly in containers having a wide mouth, e.g., a neck diameter of 90 mm, whether or not under a partial vacuum, can be offered to consumers in sealed condition with a guarantee of freshness.
  • This ensures that the date indicating until when the product will keep, as it occurs on containers for foodstuffs, is a practically reliable date indeed. In the case of a closure without a sealing capable of being broken irreversibly such a date is actually a fiction.
  • Fig. 1 the wall of the neck of a container made of glass is indicated by 1, and 2 shows the closure cap of polypropylene.
  • On the inside the closure cap is provided with an annular space formed by the two circumferential undercuts 3 and 4, which annular space comprises the gasket 5.
  • the inner undercut 3 is crescent-shaped and is resilient due to the outwardly decreasing thickness of the material.
  • the crescent-shaped construction permits the inner undercut to rest on a part of the edge of the neck opening of the container. As a result thereof a part of the higher unscrewing torsion of the gasket is absorbed and reduced by the undercut.
  • the crescent-shaped undercut 3 ensures that in case of pasteurization of the contents of the container the expanded air generated in that process flows out between the undercut 3, which is thereby resiliently deflicted somewhat, and the edge of the neck whereby the deflected undercut simultaneously causes an additional clamping force to be exerted on the gasket and the gasket is retained in position.
  • Figs. 2-5 show the closure cap of polypropylene at 10, comprising side wall 11 and sealing ring 13 which is connected with side wall 11 via a frangible bridge 12.
  • the neck portion of the container is shown at 14, which neck portion 14 is provided with locking collar 17.
  • Fig. 4 shows the situation in which the frangible bridge 12 with the sealing 13, which where previously exposed to the action of hot air having a temperature of 400 0 C for 2 sec., has been grasped by the clamp 15 moving towards the container.
  • the frangible bridge 12 is then overstretched over and under the locking collar 17 and flattened, the sealing ring 13 also being flattened simultaneously between the clamp 15 and the neck portion 14 of the container.
  • Fig. 5 shows, in comparison with Fig. 3, the deformation experienced by the frangible bridge 12 and the sealing ring 13, which has resulted in that the sealing ring has a diameter smaller than the largest diameter of the locking collar 17.
EP85200149A 1984-02-09 1985-02-07 Capsule de bouchage en polypropylène pourvue d'un joint et d'une bande de garantie Expired - Lifetime EP0155021B2 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT85200149T ATE34148T1 (de) 1984-02-09 1985-02-07 Verschlusskappe aus polypropylen mit abdichtung und garantieband.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL8400428A NL8400428A (nl) 1984-02-09 1984-02-09 Werkwijze ter vervaardiging van een van een afdichtpakking voorziene sluitdop uit een polypropeenmateriaal voor een houder; van een afdichtpakking voorziene sluitdop uit een alkeenpolymeer, alsmede werkwijze voor het sluiten en verzegelen van een houder met een sluitdop vervaardigd uit polypropeenmateriaal.
NL8400428 1984-02-09

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0155021A1 true EP0155021A1 (fr) 1985-09-18
EP0155021B1 EP0155021B1 (fr) 1988-05-11
EP0155021B2 EP0155021B2 (fr) 1994-03-02

Family

ID=19843469

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP85200149A Expired - Lifetime EP0155021B2 (fr) 1984-02-09 1985-02-07 Capsule de bouchage en polypropylène pourvue d'un joint et d'une bande de garantie

Country Status (11)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0155021B2 (fr)
JP (1) JP2545207B2 (fr)
AT (1) ATE34148T1 (fr)
CA (1) CA1292443C (fr)
DE (1) DE3562601D1 (fr)
DK (1) DK61285A (fr)
ES (1) ES8606173A1 (fr)
GR (1) GR850303B (fr)
IN (1) IN162719B (fr)
NL (1) NL8400428A (fr)
ZA (1) ZA85865B (fr)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0233722A2 (fr) * 1986-02-17 1987-08-26 W.R. Grace & Co. Fermeture de récipient
GB2196949A (en) * 1985-10-21 1988-05-11 Continental White Cap Inc Method of forming plastisol gaskets in container closures fabricated from synthetic plastic resins
WO1990011232A1 (fr) * 1989-03-29 1990-10-04 Alplast S.P.A. Couvercle a vis en materiau thermoplastique
EP0497501A1 (fr) * 1991-01-31 1992-08-05 W.R. Grace & Co.-Conn. Durcissement de plastisol
EP1181213A1 (fr) * 1998-10-19 2002-02-27 Playtex Products, Inc. Ensemble reservoir et son bouchon inferieur
FR2822810A1 (fr) * 2001-03-28 2002-10-04 Rical Sa Dispositif de bouchage pour une bonbonne, munie de moyens de retenue et d'accorchage d'un joint coule ou moule, et procede de realisation
WO2012028577A1 (fr) * 2010-08-30 2012-03-08 Tetra Laval Holdings & Finance S.A. Capuchon d'étanchéité
CN108910251A (zh) * 2018-08-02 2018-11-30 宁国市双阳精密制造有限公司 一种耐磨材料生产销售用物流箱

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE939052C (de) * 1948-12-14 1956-02-16 Anton Springer Bohrloch-Impfgeraet fuer Holzschutztraenkung
JP4994172B2 (ja) * 2007-09-26 2012-08-08 日本クラウンコルク株式会社 容器用のキャップ
GB2579839B (en) * 2018-12-17 2021-09-15 Crown Packaging Tech Low migration container

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2378996A1 (fr) * 1977-01-28 1978-08-25 Continental Group Procede pour confectionner des joints etanches dans des fermetures de recipients
EP0034997A1 (fr) * 1980-02-14 1981-09-02 Albert Obrist AG Capuchon de fermeture pour un récipient
GB2116529A (en) * 1982-03-10 1983-09-28 Grace W R & Co Screw closure
WO1984000346A1 (fr) * 1982-07-09 1984-02-02 Metal Closures Group Plc Ameliorations a des fermetures pour recipients filetes

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ZA831232B (en) * 1982-03-10 1983-11-30 Grace W R & Co Screw cap
JPS5915059A (ja) * 1982-07-06 1984-01-26 日本クラウンコルク株式会社 合成樹脂製容器蓋

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2378996A1 (fr) * 1977-01-28 1978-08-25 Continental Group Procede pour confectionner des joints etanches dans des fermetures de recipients
EP0034997A1 (fr) * 1980-02-14 1981-09-02 Albert Obrist AG Capuchon de fermeture pour un récipient
GB2116529A (en) * 1982-03-10 1983-09-28 Grace W R & Co Screw closure
WO1984000346A1 (fr) * 1982-07-09 1984-02-02 Metal Closures Group Plc Ameliorations a des fermetures pour recipients filetes

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2196949A (en) * 1985-10-21 1988-05-11 Continental White Cap Inc Method of forming plastisol gaskets in container closures fabricated from synthetic plastic resins
GB2196949B (en) * 1985-10-21 1990-10-31 Continental White Cap Inc Method of forming plastisol gaskets in container closures fabricated from synthetic plastic resins
EP0233722A2 (fr) * 1986-02-17 1987-08-26 W.R. Grace & Co. Fermeture de récipient
EP0233722A3 (fr) * 1986-02-17 1988-08-31 W.R. Grace & Co. Fermeture de récipient
WO1990011232A1 (fr) * 1989-03-29 1990-10-04 Alplast S.P.A. Couvercle a vis en materiau thermoplastique
EP0497501A1 (fr) * 1991-01-31 1992-08-05 W.R. Grace & Co.-Conn. Durcissement de plastisol
EP1181213A1 (fr) * 1998-10-19 2002-02-27 Playtex Products, Inc. Ensemble reservoir et son bouchon inferieur
EP1181213A4 (fr) * 1998-10-19 2002-04-17 Playtex Products Inc Ensemble reservoir et son bouchon inferieur
US6627135B1 (en) 1998-10-19 2003-09-30 Playtex Products, Inc. Method for producing a bottom cap for a container assembly
FR2822810A1 (fr) * 2001-03-28 2002-10-04 Rical Sa Dispositif de bouchage pour une bonbonne, munie de moyens de retenue et d'accorchage d'un joint coule ou moule, et procede de realisation
WO2002079046A1 (fr) * 2001-03-28 2002-10-10 Bericap Dispositif de bouchage pour une bonbonne, muni de moyens de retenue et d'accrochage d'un joint coule ou moule, et procede de realisation
WO2012028577A1 (fr) * 2010-08-30 2012-03-08 Tetra Laval Holdings & Finance S.A. Capuchon d'étanchéité
US9738423B2 (en) 2010-08-30 2017-08-22 Tetra Laval Holdings & Finance S.A. Sealing cap
CN108910251A (zh) * 2018-08-02 2018-11-30 宁国市双阳精密制造有限公司 一种耐磨材料生产销售用物流箱

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU3856485A (en) 1985-08-15
IN162719B (fr) 1988-07-02
ZA85865B (en) 1985-10-30
JPS60204473A (ja) 1985-10-16
DK61285A (da) 1985-08-10
ES540171A0 (es) 1986-04-16
EP0155021B1 (fr) 1988-05-11
CA1292443C (fr) 1991-11-26
EP0155021B2 (fr) 1994-03-02
JP2545207B2 (ja) 1996-10-16
DK61285D0 (da) 1985-02-08
AU580751B2 (en) 1989-02-02
ATE34148T1 (de) 1988-05-15
GR850303B (fr) 1985-04-03
DE3562601D1 (en) 1988-06-16
NL8400428A (nl) 1985-09-02
ES8606173A1 (es) 1986-04-16

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