EP0154889A1 - Dispositif pour alimenter un moteur pas à pas en énergie constante à partir d'une source de tension variable - Google Patents

Dispositif pour alimenter un moteur pas à pas en énergie constante à partir d'une source de tension variable Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0154889A1
EP0154889A1 EP85102158A EP85102158A EP0154889A1 EP 0154889 A1 EP0154889 A1 EP 0154889A1 EP 85102158 A EP85102158 A EP 85102158A EP 85102158 A EP85102158 A EP 85102158A EP 0154889 A1 EP0154889 A1 EP 0154889A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
voltage
duration
signal
motor
proportional
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP85102158A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Mohamed Mokdad
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Omega SA
Original Assignee
Omega SA
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Omega SA filed Critical Omega SA
Publication of EP0154889A1 publication Critical patent/EP0154889A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04C—ELECTROMECHANICAL CLOCKS OR WATCHES
    • G04C3/00—Electromechanical clocks or watches independent of other time-pieces and in which the movement is maintained by electric means
    • G04C3/14—Electromechanical clocks or watches independent of other time-pieces and in which the movement is maintained by electric means incorporating a stepping motor
    • G04C3/143—Means to reduce power consumption by reducing pulse width or amplitude and related problems, e.g. detection of unwanted or missing step

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a device for supplying constant energy from a variable voltage source U o a stepping motor, in particular for a timepiece, the supply consisting in supplying the motor with pulses of constant duration.
  • T j each being chopped according to a dependent hash rate. Dant from the value of the voltage of the source U and constituted by a series of elementary pulses of duration T separated by periods of interruption T r , the sum T + T defining a predetermined sampling period T e .
  • attack pulses of constant duration T i these pulses being chopped and constituted by a series of elementary pulses of duration T separated by periods interrupt T r, the chopping rate being a function of the value of the voltage present across the battery.
  • the present invention provides a device which supplies the stepping motor with constant energy whatever the voltage delivered by the battery and this by means of the means which appear in the claims.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the device according to the invention.
  • the motor M is of the stepping type and is supplied by a DC voltage source, a lithium battery for example, delivering a voltage U o . If, for a predetermined duration T i , the switch 1 is closed and at the same time the switch 2 is repeatedly pressed, a chopped driving pulse is obtained which will cause the rotor of the motor to advance by one step.
  • T i a predetermined duration
  • the time during which the switch 1 is closed is divided into a multiplicity of sampling periods T e fixed in advance, each of these periods consisting of a pulse of duration T o during which the switch 2 is closed followed by a rest period T r during which the switch 2 is open.
  • T e the ratio T o / T e is precisely the chopping rate which it is a question of controlling as a function of the supply voltage U o . If U o is high (start of battery life), T o will be short and the hash rate low. If, on the contrary, U o is low (end of the life of the battery), T will have to be lengthened, which will cause a high hash rate.
  • the first of these situations is illustrated in Figure 2a.
  • the battery voltage U is high (for example 3 V) and, while the switch 1 is closed, during the period T i , the appearance of the voltage U M at the terminals of the motor has a series of short pulses of duration T o , the amplitude of which is that of the voltage U o .
  • the hash rate T o / T e imposed by the switch 2 is of the order of 25%.
  • the second of these situations is illustrated in FIG. 2b where the battery voltage U o is reduced by half (for example 1.5 V).
  • the voltage U M is composed of pulses whose amplitude is reduced by half but of duration T o longer and having a chopping rate of the order of 50%. We see that in.
  • the sampling period T e is the same.
  • the period T e is fixed once and for all by construction and constitutes a predetermined period.
  • the average voltage U m applied to the motor is the same. This can be expressed analytically by the expression: where E is the energy applied to the motor and I the current flowing in its coil. We see that to maintain a constant energy E it is necessary to manage to maintain constant the average voltage U m represented by the expression U o T o / T e , given that if the average voltage remains constant, the current I also remains constant.
  • a first block 3 capable of supplying at its output 4 a voltage U AB strictly proportional to the voltage of the source U o .
  • the voltage U AB is then used in a second block 5 which has at its output 6 a first signal U c , the growth speed of which is all the more rapid the higher the voltage U AB .
  • This variable signal U c is repeated during each sampling period T e .
  • the signal U c is finally compared in a third block 7 to a reference threshold U r .
  • the block 7 produces a different logic state and shows on its output 8 and during each sampling period T e an elementary pulse of duration T o which closes the switch 2 the time that said lasts impulse.
  • FIG. 3 is a detailed diagram of the power supply to the motor and gives a preferred embodiment of the invention based on the block diagram of FIG. 1.
  • the DC voltage source U o supplies the motor M by the lines 10 and 11.
  • the motor M is for example of the Lavet type at two steps per revolution.
  • To form the bipolar pulses necessary for the advance of this motor there is, interposed between its terminals 12 and 13 and the power source, a set of four switches 31, 32, 33 and 34 which are constituted by switching transistors controlled by their base. When the transistors 31 and 32 are conductive, the current flows through the motor according to arrow 14 for a period T. and the rotor turns by a first half-turn.
  • the transistors 33 and 34 are driven for the same period T i , which has the effect of turning the rotor by a second half turn, the motor then being traversed by a current of opposite direction and according to arrow 15.
  • the length of the pulse T i the periodicity with which it repeats and the alternating control of the pairs of transistors 31, 32 and 33, 34 (T and T signals) generally come from a common time base which in turn controls a multi-stage frequency divider from which these signals are taken.
  • the production of signals T i , T and T is known from the state of the art. However, it will be explained later ( Figure 6).
  • control pulse T i will be chopped according to the device, the principle of which has been explained above.
  • the block 3 of FIG. 1 is, according to the preferred embodiment of FIG. 3, in the form of a bridge of resistors R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 .
  • the first diagonal of this bridge is connected across the voltage source U o , i.e. on lines 10 and 11. If the voltage U A across the resistor R 2 and the voltage U B across the resistor R 4 are written respectively: the voltage collected across the second diagonal AB of the bridge is written: where it is apparent that U AB is proportional to the voltage of the source U.
  • This voltage U AB is used to charge a capacitor C through a resistor R arranged in series with said capacitor, the network RC constituting in substance block 5 of FIG. 1.
  • the voltage U across the terminals of capacitor C is written:
  • This expression (2) shows that the time T x necessary to reach a determined voltage U c is shorter the higher the voltage U AB or, in other words, the higher the voltage U c across the capacitor a speed of growth all the more rapid as the amplitude of the proportional voltage U AB is high.
  • FIG. 3 also shows a comparator 16 which receives on its first input 17 the voltage U c and on its second input 18 a reference threshold voltage U r arranged in such a way that U r ⁇ U AB .
  • the comparator 16 essentially constitutes the block 7 illustrated on the block diagram of FIG. 1.
  • the output 19 of the comparator 16 is at logic level 1. As soon as U exceeds U, the output 19 goes to logic state 0.
  • FIG. 3 also shows that a switching transistor 20 has been placed at the terminals of the capacitor, the purpose of which is to periodically short-circuit said capacitor.
  • the transistor 20 is controlled on its base by a short duration pulse T c which makes it conductive, said pulse repeating at the rate T e .
  • T c short duration pulse
  • T e the voltage U c present at the terminals of the capacitor is reset to zero by short-circuiting it.
  • each interval T e or sampling period, is composed of an elementary pulse T o followed by an interruption period T r . That said, we can write the following expression which expresses that the duty cycle or hash rate T o / T e is inversely proportional to the value U o of the supply voltage:
  • the output 19 of the comparator 16 is connected to the first input of an AND gate 25, the second input receiving the duration signal T i .
  • the output of AND gate 25 is connected simultaneously to each of the first inputs of AND gates 21 and ET 22, the second input of each of said gates receiving signals T and T respectively which aim to change the polarity alternately of the driving pulse received by the coil of the motor M.
  • the diagram also shows that the transistors 32 and 34 are supplied through diodes 24 and 23 respectively, these diodes can moreover be eliminated if one chooses transistors 31 , 34 and 32, 33 which are complementary (P and N).
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the various signals existing at various points in the diagram of FIG. 3 when the supply voltage U o is low (end of life of the battery, for example 1.5 V) and FIG. 5 shows these same signals when the voltage U 0 is high (start of battery life, for example 3 V).
  • FIG. 4 there is shown in a) the voltage U AB at the terminals of the diagonal of the resistance bridge R 1 , R 2 ' R 3 and R 4 .
  • the voltage U AB is used to periodically charge the network RC and the voltage U c across the capacitor appears in b) in FIG. 4.
  • the reference voltage U r is shown on the same diagram.
  • the voltage U c is periodically reset to zero by the switching transistor 20 itself controlled by a short duration pulse T c repeating at regular intervals T e . This control signal is shown in d).
  • the signal at the output 19 of the comparator 16 has a logic state 1 as long as U c ⁇ U r and a logic signal 0 as soon as U c > U r and the period d 'sampling T e then consists of an elementary pulse of duration T followed by an interruption period T. It is understood that the signal illustrated in e) is found at the output of gate 25 as long as the signal T i appearing in c) is present at the input of said gate 25.
  • FIG. 5 shows how the device according to the invention behaves when the supply voltage is doubled. Without going into details, we can see that the voltage U c is more quickly equal to the reference voltage U, which has the consequence of shortening the supply periods T o and reducing the chopping rate T o / T c . At the motor terminals, there are will finally see the power supply shown in FIG. 5f, of doubled amplitude but of application time T o markedly reduced.
  • the sampling period T e greater than 206 ⁇ s, or 244 ⁇ s, must be chosen to use a practical value, which can be obtained directly from the frequency divider.
  • the reference voltage U r must be chosen inter alia according to the characteristics of the engine we're dealing with. It is a rigorously stabilized voltage independent of fluctuations in the power source voltage.
  • a practical example of embodiment of such a generator can be found in the document CH-A-639 810 in FIG. 4e.
  • the duration T i of the pulse during which the sampling takes place must be chosen long enough so that in the most unfavorable cases of minimum voltage U o , the rotor will surely pass its pitch.
  • This duration is of the order of 7.8 ms, duration which can also be taken from the frequency divider available. It will be understood that 32 sampling periods T e each worth 244 ⁇ s may take place during a period T i of 7.8 ms.
  • the diagram in FIG. 6 shows how the pulses T, T, T i , T e and T c necessary to operate the device illustrated in FIG. 3 are produced. All the signals are obtained from a controlled time base 40 by a quartz 41 via a frequency divider 42.
  • the type D flip-flop 43 combines the signals at 16 384 Hz and at 4096 Hz to produce the sampling period T e at 244 ⁇ s, as well as at Within this period, the pulse T c which short-circuits the capacitor C.
  • Another flip-flop 44 of type D combines the signals at 64 Hz and 1 Hz to produce the pulse T i at 7.81 ms repeating every second.
  • the output Q of the flip-flop 44 in turn attacks a divider by two 45 which generates the pulses of polarity T and T.
  • FIG. 7 shows that the resistance bridge R 1 , R 3 , R 2 , R 4 , of which only the resistors R 1 and R 3 have been shown in the drawing, is supplied through a transistor 50 which is only conductive during the periods T i . It appears from this that the resistance bridge is switched off during the periods separating said periods T i . Again, the resistance values of the bridge will be taken as high as possible.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Control Of Stepping Motors (AREA)
EP85102158A 1984-02-29 1985-02-27 Dispositif pour alimenter un moteur pas à pas en énergie constante à partir d'une source de tension variable Withdrawn EP0154889A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH971/84 1984-02-29
CH97184A CH653852GA3 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1984-02-29 1984-02-29

Publications (1)

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EP0154889A1 true EP0154889A1 (fr) 1985-09-18

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EP85102158A Withdrawn EP0154889A1 (fr) 1984-02-29 1985-02-27 Dispositif pour alimenter un moteur pas à pas en énergie constante à partir d'une source de tension variable

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EP (1) EP0154889A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS60204299A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CH (1) CH653852GA3 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0704774A4 (en) * 1994-04-06 1996-09-11 Citizen Watch Co Ltd ELECTRONIC RHYTHMER
EP1046969A1 (fr) * 1999-04-23 2000-10-25 Eta SA Fabriques d'Ebauches Procédé de commande d'un moteur pas à pas et dispositif pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procédé
US6327177B1 (en) 1999-04-23 2001-12-04 Eta S.A. Fabriques D'ebauches Method for controlling a stepping motor and device for implementing such method

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2550847Y2 (ja) * 1991-07-15 1997-10-15 トヨタ車体株式会社 シートトラック

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2530631A1 (de) * 1975-07-09 1977-01-20 Siemens Ag Schaltungsanordnung fuer geregelte gleichspannungsumrichter
EP0014833A1 (de) * 1979-01-23 1980-09-03 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Schaltungsanordnung zur Regelung der Ausgangsspannung eines Eintakt-Durchflussumrichters
GB2059649A (en) * 1979-09-18 1981-04-23 Seiko Instr & Electronics Electronic timepiece

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS57110100A (en) * 1980-12-25 1982-07-08 Casio Comput Co Ltd Driving system for pulse motor

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2530631A1 (de) * 1975-07-09 1977-01-20 Siemens Ag Schaltungsanordnung fuer geregelte gleichspannungsumrichter
EP0014833A1 (de) * 1979-01-23 1980-09-03 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Schaltungsanordnung zur Regelung der Ausgangsspannung eines Eintakt-Durchflussumrichters
GB2059649A (en) * 1979-09-18 1981-04-23 Seiko Instr & Electronics Electronic timepiece

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
PATENTS ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN, vol. 6, no. 200 (E-135)[1078], 9 octobre 1982; & JP - A - 57 110 100 (CASIO KEISANKI K.K.) 08-07-1982 *

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0704774A4 (en) * 1994-04-06 1996-09-11 Citizen Watch Co Ltd ELECTRONIC RHYTHMER
EP1046969A1 (fr) * 1999-04-23 2000-10-25 Eta SA Fabriques d'Ebauches Procédé de commande d'un moteur pas à pas et dispositif pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procédé
US6327177B1 (en) 1999-04-23 2001-12-04 Eta S.A. Fabriques D'ebauches Method for controlling a stepping motor and device for implementing such method

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Publication number Publication date
JPS60204299A (ja) 1985-10-15
CH653852GA3 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1986-01-31

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Inventor name: MOKDAD, MOHAMED