EP0154706B1 - Transducteur air-ultrason piézoélectrique à caractéristique à large bande - Google Patents

Transducteur air-ultrason piézoélectrique à caractéristique à large bande Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0154706B1
EP0154706B1 EP84115390A EP84115390A EP0154706B1 EP 0154706 B1 EP0154706 B1 EP 0154706B1 EP 84115390 A EP84115390 A EP 84115390A EP 84115390 A EP84115390 A EP 84115390A EP 0154706 B1 EP0154706 B1 EP 0154706B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
transducer
bars
filling
transducer according
intermediate spaces
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP84115390A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0154706A3 (en
EP0154706A2 (fr
Inventor
Peter Dipl.-Phys Kleinschmidt
Valentin Dipl.-Phys. Magori
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of EP0154706A2 publication Critical patent/EP0154706A2/fr
Publication of EP0154706A3 publication Critical patent/EP0154706A3/de
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Publication of EP0154706B1 publication Critical patent/EP0154706B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/02—Mechanical acoustic impedances; Impedance matching, e.g. by horns; Acoustic resonators
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K9/00—Devices in which sound is produced by vibrating a diaphragm or analogous element, e.g. fog horns, vehicle hooters or buzzers
    • G10K9/12—Devices in which sound is produced by vibrating a diaphragm or analogous element, e.g. fog horns, vehicle hooters or buzzers electrically operated
    • G10K9/122—Devices in which sound is produced by vibrating a diaphragm or analogous element, e.g. fog horns, vehicle hooters or buzzers electrically operated using piezoelectric driving means

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a piezoelectric transducer as specified in the preamble of claim 1.
  • piezoelectric transducers As transmit transducers and / or receive transducers for air-ultrasound. With regard to the ultrasound propagation medium air, there are significant problems because all active materials for the electromechanical generation or mechanical-electrical conversion, such as. As piezoceramic, quartz and the like, compared to air extremely different values of acoustic wave resistance, i.e. the acoustic characteristic impedance, and thus the acoustic adaptation to air is extremely poor. In order to solve this problem, on the one hand, transducers with a particularly high vibration quality have been produced, which carry out extremely large vibration amplitudes and can therefore still transmit sufficient energy into the air-ultrasonic field.
  • a film converter e.g. B. a condenser microphone. Due to the small mass of such membrane membranes, a good adaptation to the acoustic impedance of the air can be achieved, but such transducers are extremely sensitive to mechanical damage, so that the possibility of their industrial use is at least very limited.
  • An ultrasonic transducer which already fulfills the object on which the present invention is based to a certain extent, but is not yet optimal, is described in DE-OS-2 842 086. It is an electroacoustic transducer which has the features of the preamble of claim 1 of the present invention.
  • the piezoceramic lamellae of this transducer are arranged at considerably greater distances from one another in comparison to their lamella thickness, and their ends pointing in one direction are connected to a plate which serves as a radiation surface or receiving plate for ultrasound to be emitted or received.
  • this plate can be set into a phase oscillating motion (piston stroke movement), with parallel and / or series connection of individual or all lamellae being provided for the lamellae for electrical adaptation variation.
  • the object of the present invention is to improve a piezoelectric transducer such as that of DE-OS-2 842 086 in such a way that even greater mechanical robustness of the transducer is achieved for industrial use in particular and that technologically simplified manufacture is possible.
  • the basic idea of the present invention is to modify and construct a converter according to the principle of the above-mentioned DE-OS in such a way that the simplest possible manufacture, preferably sandwich technology, can be used and that in particular the special attachment of a radiation or receiver plate is unnecessary, specifically without having to accept disadvantages or even deteriorations in acoustic behavior.
  • a piezoelectric air-ultrasound transducer according to the invention which corresponds to this principle, the spaces between these lamellae made of active piezoceramic, which are considerable compared to the dimension of the lamella thickness, are filled with a piezoelectrically inactive material which ensures dimensional stability.
  • this filling is achieved in such a way that in a sandwich layer structure the foils or
  • Platelets of the filling material and the piezoceramic lamellae known to be used are stacked on top of one another and are firmly connected to one another to form an integral body. This connection is so tight that even a subsequent, shaping processing can be carried out, namely z.
  • Particularly suitable materials for this dimensionally stable material are polyurethane foam, silicone rubber, polyethylene, polystyrene foam and the like. There are other aspects of interest for the invention for the selection of these substances.
  • polyethylene e.g. B. in film or platelet form for a layer structure as mentioned above is of great interest because of the thermoplastic property of polyethylene.
  • Such a sandwich structure can easily be solidified into a single body by heating and possibly light pressure. In the cold state, the aforementioned radiation surface can even be prepared in a simple manner.
  • the ceramic lamellae are relatively thin in comparison to the distances, ie, in comparison to the thickness of the polyethylene foils or platelets to be used, the result is a moisture-proof seal that surrounds the individual lamellae on all sides
  • the thin piezoceramic lamellas can be embedded in the polyethylene without any problems.
  • silicone rubber is favorable in other respects, since the material can be cast in a simple manner with this material.
  • Polyurethane or polystyrene foam can advantageously be connected to the piezoceramic slats by gluing. These foams are particularly advantageous for an embodiment according to the invention, because such a foam has high dimensional stability on the one hand, but on the other hand has a particularly low acoustic wave resistance which favors low mass.
  • Polyurethane foam or polystyrene foam can also be processed superficially to form a radiation or reception surface of the transducer body containing the piezoceramic lamellae.
  • cavities can also be provided in the material of these interstices (e.g. additional to the foam structure of the material), e.g. B. these platelets can have holes or at least depressions in their surface, which are ultimately internal cavities in the composite body.
  • an additional support can be provided, in particular made of comparatively harder material, which, for. B. has greater bending stiffness.
  • a cross coupling that is higher than the internal cross coupling of the composite body of the transducer can be provided for the area of the radiation or reception surface of the body.
  • a converter according to the invention is not only to be regarded as a plurality of individual converters connected in parallel mechanically, as is the case, for. B. with a crystal microphone according to Radio Mentor Vol. 5 (1950) pp. 236-238, in particular FIG. 2, or according to DE-OS-3 040 563.1.
  • These two converters mentioned consist of individual lamellae which are arranged as close as possible to one another or to one another.
  • the package consisting of tightly stacked crystal plates has a large cross coupling which has a disadvantageous effect on the desired piezoelectric effectiveness.
  • For a force element according to the above DE-OS only a small distance between the slats is provided. In order to achieve the object in accordance with the task, there must be a distance between the slats that is substantially greater than the slat thickness.
  • Figures 1 and 2 show in two side views an embodiment of a converter according to the invention.
  • the three lamellae made of piezoceramic are designated by 2.
  • the individual lamellae 2 are at least 4 times larger (preferably 0.5 to 2.5 mm) apart from one another in comparison to their thickness (preferably 0.08 to 0.3 mm).
  • With 3 is on the existing between the lamellae 2 filling filling dimensionally stable material, for. B. polyethylene referred to.
  • the lines 31 is indicated in Figure 1 that this polyethylene 3 was originally a respective plate, which were assembled together with the slats 2 in a sandwich construction and then thermoplastic hot glued together. At the location of the lines 31 shown there is an adhesive connection in the finished transducer 1.
  • the ceramic fins 2 are embedded on all sides, from the very beginning, in the material 3. Due to the thermoplastic behavior of the polyethylene, the fins 2 are embedded in the respective surface of a polyethylene plate 3.
  • FIG. 2 The side view of Figure 2 shows two ceramic lamellae 2 and 21 which are arranged side by side.
  • the second lamella 21 cannot be seen in FIG. 1, since it lies behind a respective lamella 2.
  • the slats 2 and 21 shown are each a single, continuous slat.
  • a subdivision as shown in FIG. 2 leads in particular to the fact that in the direction of the mutually adjacent lamellae 2 and 21 (ie in the horizontal direction lying in the representation plane of FIG.
  • an additional support is designated.
  • Such an additional support can offer particular advantages if a foam is used as material 3.
  • Such an additional support 5 gives a denser surface.
  • these additional orders can even advantageously be realized as an integral part of the foam material, ie the foam material is compacted on the surface in question.
  • Such an additional edition or superficial compression of the material 3 may even be necessary in order to achieve an increase in the mechanical resistance of the surface of the transducer 1, which is to be used as a sound radiation and / or reception surface in later operation.
  • Arrows 6 indicate such sound radiation.
  • sound radiation 16 from the corresponding surface of the transducer 1 can also be provided. If sound radiation (or sound reception) as indicated by 16 is to be provided, it is usually advisable not to provide a division into lamellae 2 and 21 as shown in FIG.
  • FIG. 3 shows (compared to Figures 1 and 2) a top view, on an enlarged scale.
  • This FIG. 3 serves primarily to show a special electrode arrangement, shown on a single lamella 2.
  • 41 and 141 are, as can be seen, subdivided electrode assignments of one surface of the lamella 2.
  • 42, 142 and 242 are corresponding subdivided electrode assignments of the opposite surface of the lamella 2. In the direction perpendicular to the plane of FIG. 3, these electrode assignments 41 to 242 are generally strip-shaped.
  • the electrode division of Figure 3 serves to increase the electrical matching impedance or to a higher voltage, z. B. in receiving operation.
  • the sequence of the relative polarization orientations in the lamella is indicated at 50. As can be seen, the individual regions given by the electrode division shown are electrically connected in series.
  • a converter according to the invention which has a plurality of such lamellae 2 (and possibly also lamellae 21)
  • different interconnections can be provided for the transmission mode and for the reception mode. For example, it may be beneficial to connect all slats electrically in parallel for transmission (relatively low excitation voltage is required) and to connect all, or at least a certain number, slats 2 in series (results in high electrical receive voltage).
  • FIG. 4 shows an essentially merely schematic, perspective illustration of a transducer according to the invention with lamellae 2 and the material 3 filling the interspaces. Only FIG. 4 indicates the possibility that lamellae (see FIG. 2) are divided into individual lamellae 2, 21, 121 ( are divided to reduce cross-coupling in direction b). That surface of the transducer 1 can also be used for sound radiation and / or reception that has a radiation direction indicated by 116.
  • the polyethylene used as material 3, for example, which surrounds the slats 2 (and 21 and 121) can, as shown in FIG. 4, be largely transparent.
  • 51 indicates a set of connecting lines which lead to the respective electrode assignment of the individual lamellae 2, 21, 121.
  • the specialist can specify any other connecting lines to be provided, according to the respective choice.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Transducers For Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)

Claims (7)

1. Transducteur piézoélectrique ultrasonique à propagation des ultrasons dans l'air, comprenant des lamelles céramiques disposées à distance les unes des autres dans des plans parallèles, les distances entre les lamelles voisines étant nettement plus grandes que l'épaisseur des différentes lamelles, caractérisé en ce que
- les intervalles formés par les distances entre des lamelles (2, 21, 121) voisines sont remplis d'un matériau de forme stable qui possède une impédance sonore caractéristique Z = VE/p [N . s/ms] qui est plus petite d'au moins un facteur de 8 environ que celle du matériau céramique piézoélectrique des lamelles (2, 21, 121) et qui présente un fort amortissement mécanique interne 1/Qm supérieur à environ 0,05, et
- le matériau (3) remplissant les intervalles forme au moins une surface fermée du transducteur (1) pour le rayonnement et/ou la réception (6, 16, 116).
2. Transducteur selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le matériau (3) remplissant les intervalles dépasse d'au moins un bord des différentes lamelles (2, 21,121), de manière que ces bords des lamelles soient recouverts par le matériau (3), vis-à-vis de l'environnement extérieur.
3. Transducteur selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que la surface du transducteur (1) prévue pour le rayonnement et/ou la réception (6, 16, 116) porte un revêtement supplémentaire (5).
4. Transducteur selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que le matériau (3) remplissant les intervalles est modifié dans la région de la surface du transducteur (1) prévue pour le rayonnement et/ou la réception (6, 16, 116) de manière qu'il y soit plus dur que le matériau (3) en d'autres zones du transducteur (1).
5. Transducteur selon une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que le matériau remplissant les intervalles possède des cavités internes.
6. Transducteur selon un des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que plusieurs lamelles (2, 21, 121) sont disposées avec leurs tranches l'une à côté de l'autre dans un plan de la disposition parallèle des lamelles (Fig. 2, Fig. 4).
7. Transducteur selon une des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que l'armature-électrode d'au moins un côté d'une lamelle (2 sur la figure 3) est divisée en au moins deux armatures-électrodes (41, 141; 42, 142, 242).
EP84115390A 1984-03-16 1984-12-13 Transducteur air-ultrason piézoélectrique à caractéristique à large bande Expired - Lifetime EP0154706B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3409789 1984-03-16
DE19843409789 DE3409789A1 (de) 1984-03-16 1984-03-16 Piezoelektrischer luft-ultraschallwandler mit breitbandcharakteristik

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0154706A2 EP0154706A2 (fr) 1985-09-18
EP0154706A3 EP0154706A3 (en) 1987-04-01
EP0154706B1 true EP0154706B1 (fr) 1990-03-21

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP84115390A Expired - Lifetime EP0154706B1 (fr) 1984-03-16 1984-12-13 Transducteur air-ultrason piézoélectrique à caractéristique à large bande

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US4677337A (fr)
EP (1) EP0154706B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPS60236600A (fr)
DE (3) DE8408180U1 (fr)

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US4864179A (en) * 1986-10-10 1989-09-05 Edo Corporation, Western Division Two-dimensional piezoelectric transducer assembly
US4833360A (en) * 1987-05-15 1989-05-23 Board Of Regents The University Of Texas System Sonar system using acoustically transparent continuous aperture transducers for multiple beam beamformation
US4914565A (en) * 1987-05-22 1990-04-03 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Piezo-electric transducer having electrodes that adhere well both to ceramic as well as to plastics
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ATE155601T1 (de) * 1990-04-09 1997-08-15 Siemens Ag Frequenzselektiver ultraschall-schichtwandler
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US6225728B1 (en) * 1994-08-18 2001-05-01 Agilent Technologies, Inc. Composite piezoelectric transducer arrays with improved acoustical and electrical impedance
US20030036746A1 (en) 2001-08-16 2003-02-20 Avi Penner Devices for intrabody delivery of molecules and systems and methods utilizing same
US6255761B1 (en) * 1999-10-04 2001-07-03 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Shaped piezoelectric composite transducer
JP3449345B2 (ja) * 2000-08-11 2003-09-22 株式会社村田製作所 センサアレイおよび送受信装置
US7489967B2 (en) * 2004-07-09 2009-02-10 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Method and apparatus of acoustic communication for implantable medical device
US7580750B2 (en) * 2004-11-24 2009-08-25 Remon Medical Technologies, Ltd. Implantable medical device with integrated acoustic transducer
US7522962B1 (en) 2004-12-03 2009-04-21 Remon Medical Technologies, Ltd Implantable medical device with integrated acoustic transducer
US7570998B2 (en) * 2005-08-26 2009-08-04 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Acoustic communication transducer in implantable medical device header
US7615012B2 (en) * 2005-08-26 2009-11-10 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Broadband acoustic sensor for an implantable medical device
US7912548B2 (en) * 2006-07-21 2011-03-22 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Resonant structures for implantable devices
JP2009544366A (ja) * 2006-07-21 2009-12-17 カーディアック ペースメイカーズ， インコーポレイテッド 金属製キャビティが植え込まれた医療器具に用いる超音波トランスデューサ
US8825161B1 (en) 2007-05-17 2014-09-02 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Acoustic transducer for an implantable medical device
EP2162185B1 (fr) * 2007-06-14 2015-07-01 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Système de recharge acoustique à plusieurs éléments
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE8408180U1 (de) 1986-07-17
JPS60236600A (ja) 1985-11-25
US4677337A (en) 1987-06-30
DE3481741D1 (de) 1990-04-26
JPH0458760B2 (fr) 1992-09-18
EP0154706A3 (en) 1987-04-01
EP0154706A2 (fr) 1985-09-18
DE3409789A1 (de) 1985-09-26

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