EP0153541B1 - Fenêtre circulaire pour guide d'onde hyperfréquence - Google Patents
Fenêtre circulaire pour guide d'onde hyperfréquence Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0153541B1 EP0153541B1 EP84402742A EP84402742A EP0153541B1 EP 0153541 B1 EP0153541 B1 EP 0153541B1 EP 84402742 A EP84402742 A EP 84402742A EP 84402742 A EP84402742 A EP 84402742A EP 0153541 B1 EP0153541 B1 EP 0153541B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- circular
- guide
- window
- waveguide
- transformer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J23/00—Details of transit-time tubes of the types covered by group H01J25/00
- H01J23/36—Coupling devices having distributed capacitance and inductance, structurally associated with the tube, for introducing or removing wave energy
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
- H01P1/08—Dielectric windows
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a window for a microwave waveguide, more particularly a circular window.
- microwave devices which operate at a pressure different from atmospheric pressure generally require a sealed window intended both to isolate it from external pressure and to allow propagation of microwave waves without producing internal reflection or resonance. , this is the case, for example, for:
- microwave tubes and accelerators which operate at substantially zero pressures
- microwave windows used in these devices must have sufficient solidity to withstand a pressure which may be greater than 3 kg / cm 2 in the most unfavorable case, that is to say when they are associated with a device operating at high pressure.
- microwave windows must also be able to withstand temperature variations of up to 800 ° C during final brazing in the component.
- the microwave windows can be used in a wide bandwidth corresponding substantially to the bandwidth of the microwave devices in which they are mounted, band in which they do not have internal parasitic resonances generally designated by the term Anglo-Saxon " ghost-modes ”.
- the “pill-box” type window is known in particular.
- the "pill-box" window consists of a thin dielectric strip 1 brazed in a section of circular waveguide 2 connected on either side to a rectangular waveguide 3.
- the propagation modes are respectively TE 01 mode in the rectangular guides 3 and TE mode 11 in the circular guide 2.
- the diameter D of the circular guide is substantially equal at the diagonal of the rectangular guide 3 so as not to modify the electrical wavelength Xg between the rectangular guide and the circular guide.
- the length L of the circular guide is electrically equal to half the guided wavelength ⁇ g.
- the pill-box window therefore behaves like a half-wave impedance transformer.
- this type of window has many parasitic modes or "ghost-modes " , which reduces its operating band, to a useful band of about 10% compared to its central frequency.
- all the dimensions of the “pill-box” window are chosen so as to cause no problem in terms of microwave operation. Those skilled in the art can possibly modify the dimensions of these windows to move the frequency band while remaining suitable but without substantially modifying this frequency band.
- the pill-box window has many drawbacks in terms of the width of the useful frequency band, particularly for high-power CW tubes used for telecommunications, for which the natural amplification band is much greater than the useful band, which leads to a risk of destruction in the event of accidental piloting outside the normal band of use.
- the present invention which results from research carried out for many years, therefore aims to remedy these drawbacks.
- the present invention therefore relates to a circular window for microwave waveguide constituted by a circular blade of dielectric material mounted in a section of circular guide connected on either side to a waveguide operating in a band of frequency centered around a central frequency, characterized in that the diameter 0 of the circular blade is identical to the diameter of the section of circular guide and is chosen to reject the parasitic modes or "ghost-modes" outside the frequency band , in that the length of the circular guide section is chosen so that the reactance of the blade and circular guide assembly is canceled for the central frequency and so that the impedance of the assembly is a pure reactance which progressively passes through inductive, zero and capacitive values in the direction of increasing frequencies and in that it comprises a half-wave impedance transformer, the wavelength Xg considered being the electrical wavelength corresponding to the central frequency, transformer whose height is chosen so that the reactance of the transformer varies in the opposite direction to the reactance of said assembly thus achieving adaptation in the operating frequency band.
- Figure 9 is a schematic sectional view along the short side of the guide illustrating an embodiment of a circular window according to the present invention.
- Figures 3a to 3c and Figure 4 show different views of an embodiment of a circular window according to the present invention used in a waveguide 5 of rectangular section.
- the circular window according to the invention comprises a thin blade 6 of a dielectric material, preferably of a ceramic such as alumina or the like, mounted in a section of waveguide 7 brazed on either side on the rectangular waveguide 5.
- the thickness of the dielectric strip was chosen so as to obtain the desired rigidity and tightness.
- the diameter 0 of the dielectric strip which is also the diameter of the circular guide is chosen to reject the parasitic modes or “ghost-modes largely beyond the frequency band F i , F 2 to be transmitted by the rectangular waveguide in which the window is inserted. As shown clearly in FIGS.
- the diameter ⁇ of the circular guide is between the dimension a of the short side of the rectangular guide and the dimension b of the long side of the rectangular guide. Therefore, it creates at the circular guide inductive parts 8 and parts 9 which correspond to a lack of capacity. Parts 8 and 9 associated with the dielectric strip 6 give pure reactance. Consequently, the length L of the circular guide section 7 is chosen so that the reactance of the assembly constituted by the dielectric strip 6 and by the parts 8 and 9 of the circular guide is canceled out for the central frequency F o .
- the window also includes a half-wave impedance transformer 10 consisting of two elements of the same length placed on each side of the circular guide in the rectangular guide and covering, for example, one of the long sides of the rectangular wave guide 5 It can also be distributed on the two long sides. It can be achieved, as shown in Figure 3a, by an asymmetrical reduction in the height of the guide.
- the transformer can be produced using a metal plate attached to one of the long sides of the guide.
- the height h of the transformer is chosen to carry out the adaptation in the operating frequency band F 1 F 2 .
- the Smith diagram shows the variations in the frequency band F 1 , F 2 , of the impedance presented by the assembly consisting of the dielectric strip 6 of the inductive parts 8 and of the parts 9 of the circular guide section 7.
- the thickness e of the dielectric strip, the diameter ⁇ and the length L of the circular guide section have been chosen so that the impedance of the above assembly is a pure reactance which progressively passes through inductive values, zero and capacitive in the direction of increasing frequencies from F 1 to F 2 and vanishes for F o .
- FIG. 6 there has been shown on the Smith chart the variations in impedance presented at different points by a half-wave impedance transformer mounted in a rectangular waveguide and connected to a suitable termination, these variations being data for frequencies F i , F o , and F 2 .
- the impedance transformer Before the impedance transformer, at the plane ⁇ 1, there is adaptation whatever the frequency, the impedance is represented by the point A in the center of the Smith chart.
- the displacement of the plane ⁇ 2 to the plane ⁇ 4 over the length ⁇ g / 2 causes a rotation on a circle of radius AB centered at point A in the trigonometric direction.
- the angle of rotation depends on the operating frequency: thus it is 2 ⁇ for F o of 2 ⁇ .
- F i / F o for F 1 and 2 ⁇ F 2 / F o for F 2 .
- the impedance is represented by the point C located on the circle above the point B for F i .
- the impedance is represented by point B for F o and by point E located on the circle below point B for F 2 .
- the transformer is crossed and there is an increase in purely resistive impedance which compensates for the decrease that had occurred at the plane ⁇ 2.
- the impedance on the plane ⁇ 5 is therefore represented at the frequencies F i , F o and F 2 by the points DA and F which are substantially aligned on the axis q of the impedances. Points D and F are located on either side of A.
- the impedance in the median plane ⁇ 3 distant from ⁇ g / 4 from the plane ⁇ 5 is deduced from the impedance at the plane ⁇ 5 by a 180 ° rotation of the line segment D A F ..
- the impedance of the half-wave transformer is therefore an impedance which successively takes on purely capacitive values, zero and purely inductive, in the direction of increasing frequencies from F 1 to F 2 , namely from D to F.
- the dimensions of the dielectric strip and of the circular guide as well as the height h of the transformer are determined so that the impedance of the transformer and that of the assembly formed by the dielectric strip and the elements of the circular guide are compensated in the frequency band F i , F 2 so as to be adapted with a standing wave ratio substantially equal to 1 and without having parasitic modes or “ghost-modes” in the frequency band F 1 , F 2 , as can be seen in FIG. 8 which represents a diagram giving the standing wave ratio as a function of the frequency in a circular window according to the present invention.
- the circular guide section 7 is at the cutoff frequency.
- the length of the section of the circular guide is very short compared to the electrical wavelength xg, there is no problem of wave transmission.
- a circular window in accordance with the present invention was tested on a waveguide of rectangular section with internal dimensions 15.80 x 34.85 mm.
- the dimensions of the window are as follows: blade of dielectric material (alumina) thickness 0.8 mm, diameter 28 mm; cylindrical guide: length 6 mm; transformer: length 26 mm, height 1.3 mm;
- the standing wave ratio is 1.15 in a frequency band of 5.15 to 8.15 GHz without parasitic mode.
- the width of the operating band relative to the central frequency has thus been increased to 45%.
- the first “ghost-mode” is at 8.18 GHz.
- a practical embodiment of a circular window according to the present invention will now be described with reference to FIG. 9.
- the ceramic dielectric strip 6 is brazed on a circular jacket 11 made of a metallic material such as copper or metallized.
- a circular jacket 11 made of a metallic material such as copper or metallized.
- the jacket 11 also forms the wall of the circular guide 7.
- the jacket 11 is inserted into a cylindrical frame 12 of U-shaped cross section.
- Two metal connection pieces 13 are provided on each side of the frame 12 to make the connection between the circular guide and the rectangular wave guide 5 in accordance with the present invention.
- the internal lateral walls of the connection pieces 13 form, at the long sides of the rectangular waveguide, the inductive parts 8.
- connection elements 13 are brazed respectively to the frame 12 and to the ends of the two sections of rectangular guide 5.
- the half-wave transformer 10 is constituted killed by two metal blades which were brazed on one of the long sides of the rectangular waveguide 5.
- FIG. 9 The assembly represented by FIG. 9 with the dimensions mentioned above allows a very wide band of use with a high power in continuous waves as shown in the characteristic of FIG. 8.
- the circular window is used in a waveguide of rectangular section.
- the circular windows according to the present invention can also be used in waveguides of any cross section such as elliptical guides, for example.
- the waveguides of the present invention are used more particularly in satellite telecommunications equipment, for example, in the bands for "Intelsat".
Landscapes
- Waveguide Connection Structure (AREA)
- Waveguide Switches, Polarizers, And Phase Shifters (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR8400664 | 1984-01-17 | ||
FR8400664A FR2558306B1 (fr) | 1984-01-17 | 1984-01-17 | Fenetre circulaire pour guide d'onde hyperfrequence |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0153541A1 EP0153541A1 (fr) | 1985-09-04 |
EP0153541B1 true EP0153541B1 (fr) | 1989-09-20 |
Family
ID=9300195
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP84402742A Expired EP0153541B1 (fr) | 1984-01-17 | 1984-12-27 | Fenêtre circulaire pour guide d'onde hyperfréquence |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4684908A (ja) |
EP (1) | EP0153541B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JPH0810801B2 (ja) |
CA (1) | CA1236179A (ja) |
DE (1) | DE3479847D1 (ja) |
FR (1) | FR2558306B1 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2575604B1 (fr) * | 1984-12-28 | 1987-01-30 | Thomson Csf | Guide d'ondes rectangulaire a moulures, muni d'une fenetre etanche |
FR2639936B1 (fr) * | 1988-12-06 | 1991-01-25 | Thomson Csf | Piece en ceramique a plusieurs proprietes ameliorees et procede de fabrication d'une telle piece |
FR2653272A1 (fr) * | 1989-10-17 | 1991-04-19 | Thomson Tubes Electroniques | Fenetre hyperfrequence de puissance a large bande, a tenues mecanique et electrique ameliorees. |
US5495218A (en) * | 1994-04-20 | 1996-02-27 | Thermo Instrument Controls Inc. | Microwave waveguide seal assembly |
FR2821487B1 (fr) * | 2001-02-23 | 2004-09-17 | Thales Electron Devices Sa | Fenetre hyperfrequence en ceramique |
US7746189B2 (en) * | 2008-09-18 | 2010-06-29 | Apollo Microwaves, Ltd. | Waveguide circulator |
US8324990B2 (en) * | 2008-11-26 | 2012-12-04 | Apollo Microwaves, Ltd. | Multi-component waveguide assembly |
US9520633B2 (en) | 2014-03-24 | 2016-12-13 | Apollo Microwaves Ltd. | Waveguide circulator configuration and method of using same |
CN104979145B (zh) * | 2015-05-14 | 2017-01-25 | 电子科技大学 | 一种毫米波变异盒型窗的设计方法 |
FR3043497B1 (fr) * | 2015-11-06 | 2019-05-10 | Thales | Fenetre hyperfrequence |
Family Cites Families (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB601269A (en) * | 1945-08-14 | 1948-05-03 | Leslie Baden Mullett | Improvements in or relating to electromagnetic waveguides |
US2823356A (en) * | 1952-12-11 | 1958-02-11 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Frequency selective high frequency power dividing networks |
US3183459A (en) * | 1963-10-04 | 1965-05-11 | Sperry Rand Corp | High power broadband waveguide window structure having septum to reduce reflection and ghost mode |
US3221206A (en) * | 1964-02-21 | 1965-11-30 | Varian Associates | Output window and coupler for high frequency electron discharge device |
US3436694A (en) * | 1966-07-28 | 1969-04-01 | Microwave Ass | Controlling ghost-mode resonant frequencies in sealed waveguide windows |
US3594667A (en) * | 1968-11-15 | 1971-07-20 | Varian Associates | Microwave window having dielectric variations for tuning of resonances |
US3593224A (en) * | 1969-02-04 | 1971-07-13 | Teledyne Inc | Microwave tube transformer-window assembly having a window thickness equivalent to one-quarter wavelength and metallic step members to transform impedance |
US3860891A (en) * | 1970-12-30 | 1975-01-14 | Varian Associates | Microwave waveguide window having the same cutoff frequency as adjoining waveguide section for an increased bandwidth |
FR2127095A5 (ja) * | 1971-02-23 | 1972-10-13 | Thomson Csf | |
US3753171A (en) * | 1971-04-05 | 1973-08-14 | Varian Associates | Composite microwave window and waveguide transform |
JPS5451358A (en) * | 1977-09-29 | 1979-04-23 | Nec Corp | Airtight window for waveguide |
JPS5595301A (en) * | 1978-12-28 | 1980-07-19 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Temperature and humidiry control element |
FR2472279A1 (fr) * | 1979-12-18 | 1981-06-26 | Thomson Csf | Fenetre hyperfrequence et guide d'onde comportant une telle fenetre |
-
1984
- 1984-01-17 FR FR8400664A patent/FR2558306B1/fr not_active Expired
- 1984-12-27 EP EP84402742A patent/EP0153541B1/fr not_active Expired
- 1984-12-27 DE DE8484402742T patent/DE3479847D1/de not_active Expired
-
1985
- 1985-01-09 US US06/689,985 patent/US4684908A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1985-01-14 CA CA000472058A patent/CA1236179A/en not_active Expired
- 1985-01-16 JP JP60005630A patent/JPH0810801B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR2558306A1 (fr) | 1985-07-19 |
DE3479847D1 (en) | 1989-10-26 |
US4684908A (en) | 1987-08-04 |
JPH0810801B2 (ja) | 1996-01-31 |
FR2558306B1 (fr) | 1988-01-22 |
JPS60162301A (ja) | 1985-08-24 |
EP0153541A1 (fr) | 1985-09-04 |
CA1236179A (en) | 1988-05-03 |
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