EP0153254B1 - Kohlenvergasungsreaktor mit Metallschmelzbad - Google Patents

Kohlenvergasungsreaktor mit Metallschmelzbad Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0153254B1
EP0153254B1 EP85400297A EP85400297A EP0153254B1 EP 0153254 B1 EP0153254 B1 EP 0153254B1 EP 85400297 A EP85400297 A EP 85400297A EP 85400297 A EP85400297 A EP 85400297A EP 0153254 B1 EP0153254 B1 EP 0153254B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
vessel
orifice
reactor
bath
reactor according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP85400297A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0153254A2 (de
EP0153254A3 (en
Inventor
Jean Cordier
Marcel Lemaire
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
USINOR SA
Original Assignee
Union Siderurgique du Nord et de lEst de France SA USINOR
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Union Siderurgique du Nord et de lEst de France SA USINOR filed Critical Union Siderurgique du Nord et de lEst de France SA USINOR
Priority to AT85400297T priority Critical patent/ATE31729T1/de
Publication of EP0153254A2 publication Critical patent/EP0153254A2/de
Publication of EP0153254A3 publication Critical patent/EP0153254A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0153254B1 publication Critical patent/EP0153254B1/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/57—Gasification using molten salts or metals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2200/00—Details of gasification apparatus
    • C10J2200/15—Details of feeding means
    • C10J2200/152—Nozzles or lances for introducing gas, liquids or suspensions

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a coal gasification reactor of the liquid metal bath type.
  • Coal gasification reactors are already known in which pulverized coal is injected through a bath of liquid metal using nozzles placed in the bottom of a reactor whose inner walls are coated with a refractory lining intended to withstand the stresses generated by the liquid metal.
  • reactors are of a construction similar to that of steelworks converters and they are provided with journals allowing a tilting around a horizontal axis in particular for reasons of regular access essential for the maintenance of the nozzles and the repair of the coating. refractory.
  • a first drawback of this type of reactor resides precisely in the tilting design which is necessary and which does not allow the construction of large diameter tanks lined with a thick refractory lining and suitably cooled, due to the weight inherent in these characteristics.
  • the bottom nozzles cause excellent mixing of the various reactants, but on the other hand cause rapid wear of the refractory lining which, in particular on the bottom, in the nozzle area, cannot be very thick due to the tilting design of the assembly and which does not comprise effective cooling as indicated previously.
  • the nozzles themselves must be effectively cooled, in general by a liquid or gaseous hydrocarbon or even by a liquid gas (C0 2 ), the cost of this cooling agent very significantly increasing the cost price of the gas produced from coal.
  • Reactors for the gasification of coal on a liquid metal bath are also known, into which pulverized coal is injected by means of a lance, the jet of which is projected onto the surface of the bath, but these reactors also remain of the tilting type and have the same drawbacks as those indicated above which limit profitability and efficiency; in particular their too small internal volume does not allow the gas to reach the equilibrium of the reactions and moreover harms the good behavior of the refractories in the belly.
  • Document FR 2 445 364 describes a coal gasification reactor on a liquid metal bath of the blowing lance type in which the slag is kept at a constant level.
  • the reactor has a weir through which the slag floating on the surface of the bath can overflow continuously, but this implies a uniform bath depth as well as a constant bath mass.
  • the object of the present invention is to remedy these drawbacks by providing a reactor whose availability for operation is greater, the operation simpler and more continuous and which produces a high quality gas as well as a slag from the ash, which can be recovered. .
  • a gasification reactor for solid fuels in pulverized form of the type comprising an enclosure containing a bath of liquid metal and a fuel injection lance situated at the upper part of the enclosure, comprising a substantially cylindrical tank the section of which by a plane perpendicular to the generators has an oblong shape, comprising side walls and a bottom coated with a refractory lining, and delimiting an orifice for discharging the slag supernatant on the surface of the metal and an orifice for discharging the metal; a dome resting with a tight seal on the tank and delimiting at least one orifice for introducing at least one vertical lance through a sealed casing, an orifice of large section for the evacuation of the gases produced in the reactor, these two orifices being arranged respectively in the vicinity of the opposite ends of the reactor, as well as an orifice for the introduction of addition elements; means being provided for cooling the side walls and the bottom of the tank as well as the dome, characterized in that the
  • the single Figure is a perspective view with partial section of the reactor according to the present invention.
  • the gasification reactor shown in FIG. Unique consists of a tank (1) of substantially cylindrical steel with an oblong section, the side wall (2) and the bottom (3) of which are provided with a refractory lining (4) on their inner surface.
  • This refractory lining is double thick at the lower level of the tank, that is to say at least in the zone in contact with the liquid metal bath (5), constituting the crucible.
  • the bottom (3) of the tank is cooled using a network cooling fluid circulation tubes (6) which are embedded in a layer of refractory lining, such as refractory concrete, located between the refractory lining (4) and the bottom wall (3).
  • a network cooling fluid circulation tubes (6) which are embedded in a layer of refractory lining, such as refractory concrete, located between the refractory lining (4) and the bottom wall (3).
  • the side wall (2) of the tank is lined along its outer surface by an envelope (8) of corrugated shape delimiting with the shielding of the tank channels (9) for circulation of a cooling fluid, which communicate with an external cooling circuit through the orifices 10a, 10b, 10c, 10d, 10e, etc.
  • This circuit is put into forced circulation and pressurized by means not shown.
  • the tank (1) is surmounted by a dome (11) also provided on its internal face with a refractory lining (12), the connection between the dome (11) and the upper edge of the tank (1) being ensured by waterproof way.
  • a channel (13) forming a gutter circulates along the outer wall of the reactor at the dome (11) - tank (1) junction to recover the cooling fluid sent by runoff from spraying ramps (14, 15) placed at the top of the dome
  • the dome (11) has at its upper part, vertically above the large cross-sectional diameter of the tank, an orifice 16a surmounted by a sealed box (16) for introducing a lance (17), in a position in projection, close to the side wall, that is to say of an end of the large diameter.
  • This box (16) is received on a seat (18), the seal between the seat (18) and the box (16) being ensured by a mechanical seal.
  • the seat (18) is internally cooled by a circular network of tubes (19) for the circulation of a cooling fluid embedded in a refractory lining (20) placed along the internal wall of the seat.
  • the box (16) is pressurized by blowing an inert gas such as water vapor or carbon dioxide.
  • the dome (11) also has at its upper part, an orifice (21) for discharging the produced gases, of large diameter, this orifice being centered, in projection on the large diameter of the tank, in a relative position close to the end opposite to that where the lance is located (17).
  • the orifice (21) is sealed in a sealed manner by an exhaust duct (22), which in the embodiment shown is a high pressure boiler with direct radiation of frustoconical shape.
  • This boiler (22) is received on a seat (23) provided at the upper part of the dome which is cooled, like the seat (18), by a network of circular tubes (24) embedded in a refractory lining (25).
  • This boiler 22 consists of tubes (26) joined and welded connected to their lower inlet to a circular (27) supply of superheated water under pressure at 40-60 bars.
  • the dome (11) also has at its upper part a chute (28) for introducing addition elements which opens out through an orifice (29) formed through the refractory lining in the interior volume of the tank.
  • the chute (28) is located between the box (16) and the boiler (22) and is inclined so that the addition elements reach the liquid metal bath (5) in the impact zone of the jet from the lance (17).
  • the lance (17) consists of a quadruple envelope tube delimiting four concentric annular spaces.
  • the bottom of the tank comprises an area (32) in the form of an inclined plane in the part not exposed to the vacuum created on the surface of the liquid metal bath (5) by the jet (30 ) of pulverized coal from the lance.
  • This inclined bottom delimits two distinct zones of the liquid metal bath (5), a first zone with a greater depth for the chemical reactions of gasification of coal with intense mixing, and a second zone (32) with gradually reducing depth having a function balancing of reactions and settling between metal and slag.
  • a layer of slag (35) floats above the metal bath (5), and is periodically, and in an adjustable manner, evacuated by a tap hole (36) situated at the end of the zone of the shallow bath at the level of the slag layer.
  • a tap hole (37) of the bath metal is formed at the opposite end of the slag tap hole (36) in the zone of great depth and at the bottom of the crucible.
  • the bath consists of a metal in which the carbon can exist in the dissolved state and is, for example, cast iron, the physicochemical characteristics of which are adjusted by addition elements as a function of the operating temperature.
  • the non-tilting reactor vessel (1) is mounted on a metal frame (38).
  • the assembly can be moved in horizontal translation by means not shown.
  • Solid iron and / or scrap metal, as well as ferro-silicon and coke are introduced, then oxygen and pulverized coal are blown out with the lance.
  • the liquid iron bath is formed and is added by the chute, in addition to the powdered lime admitted into the jet of pulverized coal, elements of addition in rocks such as fluxes and fluxes, possibly lime, dolomite, scrap and ferro-alloys.
  • the injection is increased of pulverized coal and the height of the lance is adjusted to its optimal position, neither too high not to obtain a gas oxidized by the escaping oxygen, nor too low not to be degraded by the molten metal.
  • Coal gasification is then carried out in a continuous regime taking into account thermodynamic and chemical equilibria.
  • An important characteristic of the reactor of the present invention resides in the large free volume situated above the bath of liquid metal, favorable to the establishment of the reaction gas equilibria for obtaining a good quality gas.
  • the reactor according to the present invention thanks to its fixed position, that is to say non-tilting, can be provided with better quality cooling and a greater thickness of refractory lining which condition the longevity and therefore the availability of the installation, which can produce gas almost continuously.
  • the quantity of liquid metal contained in the reactor is greater and therefore makes it possible to obtain a higher unit gasification capacity without causing excessive wear of the refractories.
  • the large free surface of the liquid metal bath allows a longer slag residence time and therefore better obtaining of the chemical reaction equilibria, and better settling of the metal balls entrained by the slag.
  • the variation in the depth of the bath also makes it possible to install a zone with strong mechanical mixing due to the impact of the jet of lance, where the reactions are faster, and a relatively calm zone of settling above the inclined plane (32 ).
  • the reduction in the depth of the bath in addition to the favorable effect exerted on the settling, makes it possible to reduce the weight of the liquid metal present in the reactor for a given depth necessary at the location of the impact of the jet and therefore to lighten the load-bearing structures.
  • the decantation zone thus created makes it possible to obtain, by simple pouring, a well decanted slag whose evacuation rate can be adjusted and authorizes a treatment by granulation with a view to the preparation of recoverable clinkers in cement works.
  • the reactor according to the invention can operate, thanks to its tightness, in pressurized form and therefore increase its unit yield and its profitability.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Devices And Processes Conducted In The Presence Of Fluids And Solid Particles (AREA)
  • Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
  • Furnace Charging Or Discharging (AREA)
  • Vertical, Hearth, Or Arc Furnaces (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
  • Fire-Extinguishing Compositions (AREA)
  • Jet Pumps And Other Pumps (AREA)
  • Catalysts (AREA)

Claims (10)

1. Reaktor zur Vergasung von pulverförmigen Brennstoffen, welcher einen Raum aufweist, der ein Bad aus flüssigem Metall und eine im oberen Teil des Raumes gelegene Brennstoffinjektionslanze umfasst, mit einer im wesentlichen zylindrischen Wanne (1), deren Schnitt mit einer zu den Erzeugenden senkrechten Ebene eine längliche Form hat, die Seitenwände (2) und einen Boden (3), die mit einer feuerfesten Auskleidung (4) bedeckt sind, aufweist, und die eine Abzugsöffnung (36) für auf der Oberfläche des Metalls aufschwimmende Schlacke und eine Abzugsöffnung (37) für Metall aufweist, mit einer Kuppel (11), die mit dichtem Anschluss auf der Wanne aufruht und wenigstens eine Öffnung (16a) für die Einführung von wenigstens einer vertikalen Lanze (17) durch einen dichten Caisson (16) hindurch, eine grossquerschnittige Öffnung (21) für den Abzug der im Reaktor erzeugten Gase, wobei die beiden Öffnungen jeweils im Bereich der entgegengesetzten Enden des Reaktors angeordnet sind, sowie eine Öffnung (29) für das Einführen von Legierungselementen bestimmt, mit Mitteln (8, 9, 10a-10e, 6, 13, 14, 15), welche zur Kühlung der Seitewände (2) und des Bodens (3) der Wanne sowie der Kuppel (11) vorgesehen sind, dadurch gekennzeichnet, das die Wanne (1) wenigstens einen Teil des Bodens (3) in Form einer geneigten Ebene aufweist, so dass die Tiefe des Bads aus flüssigem Metall in der unter der Lanze (17) gelegenen Zone maximal und in der unter derGasabzugsöffnung (21) gelegenen Zome minimal ist.
2. Reaktor nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine elektromagnetische Rührvorrichtung (33) unter dem in Form einer geneigten Ebene vorliegenden Teil (32) des Bodens (3) der Wanne (1) angeordnet ist.
3. Reaktor nach irgendeinem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Boden der Wanne (1) mit Hilfe eines Netzes von Rohren (6) für den Umlauf eines Kühlfluids gekühlt wird, welche in eine Lage (7) aus feuerfester Verkleidung eingebettet sind, die zwischen der feuerfesten Auskleidung (4) und dem Boden (3) liegt.
4. Reaktor nach irgendeinem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Seitenwand (2) der Wanne längs ihrer Aussenfläche einen Doppelmantel (8) gewellter Form aufweist, welcher Kanäle (9) für den Zwangs- und Druckumlauf eines Kühlfuids begrenzt.
5. Reaktor nach irgendeinem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Kühlung der Kuppel durch Berieselung mit einem aus Besprengungsgalerien (14, 15) verteilten Fluid bewirkt wird, wobei das Fluid mit einer längs der Aussenwand des Reaktors auf Höhe der Verbindung Kuppel-Wanne umlaufenden Sammelrine (13) gesammelt wird.
6. Reaktor nach irgendeinem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der dichte Caisson (16) mit dichtem Anschluss auf einem Sitz (18) aufgenommen ist, welcher innen durch ein Netz von Rohren (19) für den Umlauf eines Kühlfuids, die in eine längs der Innenwand des Sitzes (18) angeordnete feuerfeste Auskleidung (20) eingebettet sind, gekühlt wird.
7. Reaktor nach irgendeinem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Abzugsöffnung (21) für die erzeugten Gase in dichter Weise durch einen Direktstrahlungs-Hochdruckkessel (22) überdeckt ist.
8. Reaktor nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Kessel (22) durch zusammengestellte Rohre (26) gebildet ist, welche ein kegelstumpfförmiges inneres Strahlungsvolumen bestimmen, wobei diese Rohre (26) an ihrem unteren Eingang mit einer Speiseringleitung (27) für überhitztes Wasser verbunden sind, wobei der Kessel (22) mit dichtem Anschluss auf einem Sitz (23) aufgenommen ist, welcher innen durch ein Netz von Rohren (24) für den Umlauf eines Kühlfluids, die in eine längs der Innerwand des Sitzes (23) angeordnete feuerfeste Auskleidung (25) eingebettet sind, gekühlt wird.
9. Reaktor nach irgendeinem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine geneigte Rutsche (28) in eine Öffnung (29) zum Einführen von Legierungselementen so mündet, dass letztere das Bad (5) aus flüssigem Metall in der Auftreffzone des von der Lanze (17) ausgehenden Strahls (30) erreichen.
10. Reaktor nach irgendeinem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Injektionslanze (17) durch ein Vierfachmantelrohr gebildet ist, welches vier getrennte konzentrische Räume bestimmt, wobei der Mittelraum für das Einschiessen von durch ein neutrales Gas transportiertem Kohlestaub, der unmittelbar anschliessende Raum für das Einschiessen von Sauerstoff und Dampf und die äusseren Räume für das Umlaufen eines Kühlfluids dienen.
EP85400297A 1984-02-23 1985-02-19 Kohlenvergasungsreaktor mit Metallschmelzbad Expired EP0153254B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT85400297T ATE31729T1 (de) 1984-02-23 1985-02-19 Kohlenvergasungsreaktor mit metallschmelzbad.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8402771A FR2560206B1 (fr) 1984-02-23 1984-02-23 Reacteur de gazeification de charbon du type a bain de metal liquide
FR8402771 1984-02-23

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0153254A2 EP0153254A2 (de) 1985-08-28
EP0153254A3 EP0153254A3 (en) 1985-10-02
EP0153254B1 true EP0153254B1 (de) 1988-01-07

Family

ID=9301326

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP85400297A Expired EP0153254B1 (de) 1984-02-23 1985-02-19 Kohlenvergasungsreaktor mit Metallschmelzbad

Country Status (11)

Country Link
US (1) US4649867A (de)
EP (1) EP0153254B1 (de)
JP (1) JPS617388A (de)
AT (1) ATE31729T1 (de)
AU (1) AU580983B2 (de)
BR (1) BR8500789A (de)
CA (1) CA1225833A (de)
DE (1) DE3561327D1 (de)
FR (1) FR2560206B1 (de)
IN (1) IN164246B (de)
ZA (1) ZA851356B (de)

Families Citing this family (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2712378B1 (fr) * 1993-11-10 1995-12-29 Stein Industrie Réacteur à lit fluidisé circulant à extensions de surface d'échange thermique.
DE4420450C2 (de) * 1994-06-10 1996-05-15 Thermoselect Ag Kühlbare Zustellung für einen Hochtemperatur-Vergasungsreaktor
DE19735153C2 (de) * 1997-08-13 2003-10-16 Linde Kca Dresden Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Vergasung von Abfallstoffen
US7875090B2 (en) * 2007-04-24 2011-01-25 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of Agriculture Method and apparatus to protect synthesis gas via flash pyrolysis and gasification in a molten liquid
US20090077891A1 (en) * 2007-09-25 2009-03-26 New York Energy Group Method for producing fuel gas
US20090077889A1 (en) * 2007-09-25 2009-03-26 New York Energy Group Gasifier
US9216905B2 (en) * 2011-06-03 2015-12-22 Ronald G. Presswood, Jr. Gasification or liquefaction of coal using a metal reactant alloy composition
US10427192B2 (en) 2015-05-15 2019-10-01 Ronald G. Presswood, Jr. Method to recycle plastics, electronics, munitions or propellants using a metal reactant alloy composition
CN105240842A (zh) * 2015-09-18 2016-01-13 丹东启发节能技术服务有限公司 工业锅炉球煤半气化炉

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2965461A (en) * 1950-12-30 1960-12-20 Pan American Petroleum Corp Apparatus for gasification of solid materials
JPS5241605A (en) * 1975-09-30 1977-03-31 Nippon Steel Corp Coal gasification apparatus
JPS5589395A (en) * 1978-12-26 1980-07-05 Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd Gasification of solid carbonaceous material and its device
DE2950865C2 (de) * 1979-12-18 1986-11-06 Klöckner-Humboldt-Deutz AG, 5000 Köln Vorrichtung zur kontinuierlichen Herstellung eines im wesentlichen CO und H↓2↓ enthaltenden Gases
JPS5770188A (en) * 1980-10-16 1982-04-30 Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd Gasifying method for coal
JPS5794092A (en) * 1980-12-01 1982-06-11 Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd Method for operating coal gasification furnace

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
IN164246B (de) 1989-02-04
AU3902585A (en) 1985-09-05
BR8500789A (pt) 1985-10-08
ZA851356B (en) 1985-10-30
FR2560206B1 (fr) 1988-05-06
EP0153254A2 (de) 1985-08-28
CA1225833A (en) 1987-08-25
US4649867A (en) 1987-03-17
FR2560206A1 (fr) 1985-08-30
JPS617388A (ja) 1986-01-14
DE3561327D1 (en) 1988-02-11
EP0153254A3 (en) 1985-10-02
AU580983B2 (en) 1989-02-09
ATE31729T1 (de) 1988-01-15

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