EP0149400B1 - Aérien comportant un dispositif d'excitation en mode circulaire - Google Patents

Aérien comportant un dispositif d'excitation en mode circulaire Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0149400B1
EP0149400B1 EP84402741A EP84402741A EP0149400B1 EP 0149400 B1 EP0149400 B1 EP 0149400B1 EP 84402741 A EP84402741 A EP 84402741A EP 84402741 A EP84402741 A EP 84402741A EP 0149400 B1 EP0149400 B1 EP 0149400B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
guide
antenna
frequency
antenna array
circular
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP84402741A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0149400A3 (en
EP0149400A2 (fr
Inventor
Jean Rannou
Emile Pouderous
Pascal Gilbert
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Thales SA
Original Assignee
Thomson CSF SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Thomson CSF SA filed Critical Thomson CSF SA
Publication of EP0149400A2 publication Critical patent/EP0149400A2/fr
Publication of EP0149400A3 publication Critical patent/EP0149400A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0149400B1 publication Critical patent/EP0149400B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q11/00—Electrically-long antennas having dimensions more than twice the shortest operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q11/02—Non-resonant antennas, e.g. travelling-wave antenna
    • H01Q11/08—Helical antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
    • H01P1/165—Auxiliary devices for rotating the plane of polarisation
    • H01P1/17—Auxiliary devices for rotating the plane of polarisation for producing a continuously rotating polarisation, e.g. circular polarisation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P5/00—Coupling devices of the waveguide type
    • H01P5/08—Coupling devices of the waveguide type for linking dissimilar lines or devices
    • H01P5/10—Coupling devices of the waveguide type for linking dissimilar lines or devices for coupling balanced lines or devices with unbalanced lines or devices
    • H01P5/103—Hollow-waveguide/coaxial-line transitions
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/20—Non-resonant leaky-waveguide or transmission-line antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/24—Non-resonant leaky-waveguide or transmission-line antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave constituted by a dielectric or ferromagnetic rod or pipe
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/16—Resonant antennas with feed intermediate between the extremities of the antenna, e.g. centre-fed dipole
    • H01Q9/26—Resonant antennas with feed intermediate between the extremities of the antenna, e.g. centre-fed dipole with folded element or elements, the folded parts being spaced apart a small fraction of operating wavelength
    • H01Q9/27—Spiral antennas

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to aerials comprising an excitation device in circular mode.
  • the wave propagation mode is a transverse electromagnetic (TEM) mode.
  • the wave propagation mode in a guide is a transverse electric (TE) or transverse magnetic (TM) mode.
  • the preferred excitation mode of a circular waveguide is the circular mode (TE 11 or TM 11).
  • the first solution consists first of all in carrying out an electrical coupling.
  • This coupling makes it possible to pass from the TEM mode to the TE 10 mode in rectangular guide. It is then necessary to perform a coupling by transition to switch to TE 11 mode (rectilinear) in circular guide. It is then necessary to switch from TE 11 mode to a circular mode.
  • This coupling is generally carried out by a polarization rotator of the iris or dielectric plate type.
  • the second solution consists in attacking the circular guide by two probes arranged perpendicularly. They are supplied by waves of equal amplitude phase shifted by 2, transmitted by a microwave line.
  • the phase shift can be carried out before the supply of the probes, in this case the probes are located in the same plane. It can be done in the guide by an offset of the probes of a length equal to - ° where ⁇ g is the guided wavelength.
  • the polarization rotator In both cases of the second solution, the polarization rotator must be supplied by two channels of the same power. It is therefore necessary to use a power divider able to distribute the energy equitably on each channel.
  • phase shifter is generally used to phase the probes supplying the guide.
  • a third drawback is added concerning the bandwidth of the device, since it is generally narrow and therefore unsuitable for many applications requiring a very wide band.
  • a known solution makes it possible to widen the bandwidth. It consists in using a waveguide of the “double orthogonal ridge” type. Such a guide is machined so that it has longitudinal recesses which give a grooved shape to the section of the guide. The manufacture of such guides is of course more complex than that of ordinary guides and therefore more expensive.
  • US Pat. No. 2,773,254 describes a microwave phase shifter enabling phase shifts to be carried out continuously.
  • This device comprises a circular waveguide in which a single spiral antenna emits a wave in circular polarization towards a second antenna arranged opposite in this guide; the first antenna is supplied from a coaxial line.
  • the object of the present invention is to remedy these drawbacks and proposes an aerial comprising a waveguide exciter device in circular polarization comprising an antenna with unidirectional radiation in circular polarization supplied directly by a microwave line, this antenna having dimensions suitable for that the radiation emitted excites the guide, and the pass band of the guide being very wide since it is no longer limited except by the cut-off frequency of the guide.
  • the subject of the invention is therefore an aerial comprising a waveguide, a microwave line traversed by an electromagnetic transverse wave, a radiating element connected to the microwave line, characterized in that the microwave line consists of a coaxial cable terminating by a two-wire line in that the radiating element is constituted by a double spiral antenna placed upstream from one end of the guide behind the radiating opening of the guide, the ends of each conductor forming the spiral antenna being loaded by an absorbent, the spiral antenna being fed in its center by the two other ends of the conductors which are connected to the two-wire line, a reflective plane being placed at the rear of the double spiral antenna outside the guide , so that the aerial thus formed is capable of radiating at the other end of the guide a wave exciting the guide in circular polarization without disturbance in the guide below the cut-off frequency f c of the guide, the aerial behaving like a high-pass filter having as minimum frequency the cut-off frequency of the guide.
  • the waveguide excitation device in circular mode shown in FIG. 1 makes it possible to pass directly from a transverse electromagnetic mode TEM which is the conventional propagation mode in microwave lines, to a guided mode in circular polarization.
  • This device comprises a circular guide 1 with a longitudinal axis XX ′ and a diameter D determined as a function of the desired cutoff wavelength ⁇ c .
  • One end 2 which will be termed an inlet is placed in front of a radiating element 3, the other end 4 which will be termed an outlet is open.
  • the radiating element 3 is constituted by an antenna emitting unidirectional radiation in circular polarization when it is supplied by an electromagnetic transverse wave.
  • the feeding is carried out by means of a microwave line 5.
  • Line 5 can be a coaxial, or two-wire or microstrip line.
  • the excitation antenna 3 therefore emits a wave with circular polarization in the direction of the opening 4.
  • a cavity 6 placed against the antenna 3 upstream thereof and in the extension of the guide constitutes a reflective plane making it possible to obtain unidirectional radiation from the antenna 3.
  • FIG. 2 represents an exemplary embodiment of a radiating element 3 in circular polarization. It is a classic logarithmic double spiral antenna; an Archimedes spiral or a multi-spiral may also be suitable.
  • the antenna is produced from an expansion center 0 and a given expansion rate 2 .
  • the supply is carried out from points A and B, the two arms of the antenna are supplied in phase opposition to obtain a maximum field in the direction XX '.
  • the antenna is placed in front of the reflective plane 6 shown in Figure 1 to radiate unidirectionally.
  • the length of an arm fixes the lowest frequency, while the width AB fixes the highest frequency.
  • the bandwidth of this type of antenna is very wide.
  • FIG. 3 represents another exemplary embodiment of a radiating element 3. It is a helical antenna whose dimensions are chosen so that it radiates axially in circular polarization. The conditions to be respected for the choice of the length, the diameter and the pitch of each turn in order to obtain a unidirectional radiation are known.
  • a reflector is not essential to obtain the unidirectional effect, but it is necessary for the adaptation of the supply line 5.
  • the antenna 3 can for example be supplied by a coaxial line 5 whose sheath is joined to reflector 6.
  • the dimensions of the antennas are compatible with those of the guide that they excite so that all of the radiation takes place inside the guide without attenuation.
  • the wavelengths must therefore be less than the cut-off wavelength ⁇ c , which leads to a passband f c -f M , f M depending only on the excitation antenna 3.
  • ⁇ c cut-off wavelength
  • a helix pitch S is chosen such that it is less than ( ⁇ o corresponding to f o , central frequency of the band), as well as a diameter D H such that the length of the circumference C H is between 0.7 ⁇ o and 1.7 ⁇ o, D H being consequently between 0.22 ⁇ o and 0.45 ⁇ o. It follows from this choice that the phase shift between radiating points located identically on adjacent turns achieves the condition of longitudinal radiation, which makes it possible to obtain a maximum of radiation in the axis XX '. We see as in the previous case that D H is always less than D.
  • FIG. 4 shows the aerial and its waveguide excitation device.
  • the aerial as shown in this figure is seen in section.
  • the radiating element 3 is constituted by a logarithmic double spiral antenna printed on a substrate for example. Support for this radiating element 3 can also serve as a support for micro-electronic components for particular applications. Indeed, it is easy to place a detector diode between points A and B of the double spiral and thus to perform the detection function on reception. PIN diodes can be placed between the two arms, slightly spaced from the center to modulate the signal received by the antenna. It is also possible to place capacitors in series on each arm between the center and the PIN diodes allowing decoupling between the modulation current and the detected voltage.
  • connection device 7 is placed at the rear of the cavity 6. It makes it possible to connect a coaxial line 5 to the excitation antenna 3.
  • the connection device 7 comprises a coaxial socket 8 and an adapter 9 making it possible to progressively pass from d '' a coaxial line to a microstrip then two-wire line.
  • the two-wire line directly feeds the exciting antenna at points A and B.
  • the antenna 3 is loaded at its ends 10 by an absorbent 11 plated on the support circuit of the antenna to absorb the non-radiated energy.
  • the outlet 4 of the guide thus constitutes a radiating opening.
  • a metal disc 12 is interposed at the entrance of the guide and at its center at a distance d close to Io from the excitation antenna, ⁇ o corresponding to the length of wave of the central frequency f a of the working bandwidth of the aerial.
  • FIG. 5 shows an alternative embodiment according to Figure 4.
  • the aerial seen in section is identical to that of Figure 4 with the difference that the guide is filled with a dielectric material 13 whose dielectric constant is greater than 1
  • the medium in which the waves propagate is modified and makes it possible to reduce the dimensions of the guide.
  • the shape of the dielectric at the right of the mouth is chosen so as to respond to the radiation pattern that has been imposed. This shape is also chosen so as to obtain an aerodynamics compatible with the installation of the aerial.
  • This figure shows a dielectric antenna in the form of a cone which is perfectly compatible with installation on an aircraft for example.
  • the aerial shown in Figure 5 has the advantage of having the same characteristics as that shown in Figure 4 while having a reduced footprint because the dimensions of the guide are reduced.
  • This variant also has the advantage of obtaining protection against external stresses on the guide and thus ensuring the same functions as those of a radome.
  • the aerial according to the invention comprises a space-saving device for excitation of waveguide in circular polarization which allows the direct passage from a transverse electromagnetic polarization mode to a circular polarization mode and which allows it to waves in circular and broadband polarization.
  • a radiating element 3 is used in circular polarization which excites the waveguide in circular mode and which is supplied by a microwave line 5 in which the propagation mode is transverse electromagnetic. Therefore, the bandwidth of the device is determined by the bandwidth of the exciting antenna 3 on the one hand and the cutoff frequency of the guide on the other hand.
  • the opening of the guide serves as a radiating element and the guide serves as a high-pass filter. In the case where the radiating element 3 is a double spiral antenna, this antenna can be used as a support for micro-electronic components.

Landscapes

  • Waveguide Aerials (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
EP84402741A 1984-01-13 1984-12-27 Aérien comportant un dispositif d'excitation en mode circulaire Expired EP0149400B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8400500A FR2558307B1 (fr) 1984-01-13 1984-01-13 Dispositif d'excitation d'un guide d'onde en mode circulaire et aerien comportant un tel dispositif
FR8400500 1984-01-13

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0149400A2 EP0149400A2 (fr) 1985-07-24
EP0149400A3 EP0149400A3 (en) 1985-08-14
EP0149400B1 true EP0149400B1 (fr) 1989-10-18

Family

ID=9300099

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP84402741A Expired EP0149400B1 (fr) 1984-01-13 1984-12-27 Aérien comportant un dispositif d'excitation en mode circulaire

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US4743918A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
EP (1) EP0149400B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE3480249D1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2558307B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GR (1) GR850079B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Families Citing this family (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2623020B1 (fr) * 1987-11-05 1990-02-16 Alcatel Espace Dispositif d'excitation d'un guide d'onde en polarisation circulaire par une antenne plane
JPH0548320A (ja) * 1991-08-20 1993-02-26 Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd 受信装置
JP3176217B2 (ja) 1993-05-21 2001-06-11 三菱電機株式会社 アンテナ装置
FR2764738B1 (fr) 1997-06-13 1999-08-27 Thomson Csf Dispostif d'emission ou de reception integre
FR2776888B1 (fr) 1998-03-27 2000-06-16 Thomson Csf Structure de circuits electroniques a encombrement optimise en fonction du volume disponible
DE102005002505A1 (de) * 2005-01-19 2006-07-27 Robert Bosch Gmbh Vorrichtung zum Aussenden und Empfangen elektromagnetischer Strahlung
KR100958959B1 (ko) * 2008-04-29 2010-05-20 엘에스엠트론 주식회사 종단 급전 평면형 스파이럴 안테나
US9105972B2 (en) * 2009-08-20 2015-08-11 Antennasys, Inc. Directional planar spiral antenna
EP2410609B1 (de) * 2010-07-23 2016-03-23 VEGA Grieshaber KG Planarantenne mit Abdeckung
US9281550B2 (en) * 2013-07-16 2016-03-08 L&J Engineering, Inc. Wave mode converter
CN106450626A (zh) * 2016-11-25 2017-02-22 厦门大学 基于螺旋形枝节结构的人工表面等离激元波导
CN112838358B (zh) * 2020-12-31 2022-03-25 华南理工大学 一种基于3d打印技术的双向辐射同旋向双圆极化天线
US12085758B1 (en) * 2022-04-29 2024-09-10 Lockheed Martin Corporation Twist feed radio frequency polarizer

Family Cites Families (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2746018A (en) * 1951-10-02 1956-05-15 Sichak William Microwave phase shifter
US2773254A (en) * 1953-04-16 1956-12-04 Itt Phase shifter
US2863145A (en) * 1955-10-19 1958-12-02 Edwin M Turner Spiral slot antenna
US3296620A (en) * 1963-11-20 1967-01-03 Ellsworth N Rodda Convertible horn radiator-coupler for separable missile
US3375474A (en) * 1965-10-08 1968-03-26 Martin Marietta Corp Microwave waveguide to coax coupling system
US3568206A (en) * 1968-02-15 1971-03-02 Northrop Corp Transmission line loaded annular slot antenna
US3623118A (en) * 1969-07-01 1971-11-23 Raytheon Co Waveguide-fed helical antenna
US3757345A (en) * 1971-04-08 1973-09-04 Univ Ohio State Shielded end-fire antenna
FR2242784B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1973-08-31 1977-05-13 Thomson Csf
US4011566A (en) * 1975-07-25 1977-03-08 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force In-line coax-to waveguide transition using dipole
US4319248A (en) * 1980-01-14 1982-03-09 American Electronic Laboratories, Inc. Integrated spiral antenna-detector device

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GR850079B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1985-05-13
FR2558307A1 (fr) 1985-07-19
EP0149400A3 (en) 1985-08-14
FR2558307B1 (fr) 1988-01-22
US4743918A (en) 1988-05-10
DE3480249D1 (en) 1989-11-23
EP0149400A2 (fr) 1985-07-24

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