EP0146412A2 - Fernüberwachungseinrichtung für den Stand einer Maschine - Google Patents

Fernüberwachungseinrichtung für den Stand einer Maschine Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0146412A2
EP0146412A2 EP84308906A EP84308906A EP0146412A2 EP 0146412 A2 EP0146412 A2 EP 0146412A2 EP 84308906 A EP84308906 A EP 84308906A EP 84308906 A EP84308906 A EP 84308906A EP 0146412 A2 EP0146412 A2 EP 0146412A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
state
alarm
car
line
condition
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP84308906A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0146412A3 (en
EP0146412B1 (de
Inventor
Charles Whynacht
Robert Edward Hall
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Atto Di Licenza otis SpA - Calzolari Ascensore
Original Assignee
Otis Elevator Co
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Publication date
Priority claimed from US06/562,624 external-priority patent/US4568909A/en
Priority claimed from US06/632,071 external-priority patent/US4622538A/en
Application filed by Otis Elevator Co filed Critical Otis Elevator Co
Priority to AT84308906T priority Critical patent/ATE25838T1/de
Publication of EP0146412A2 publication Critical patent/EP0146412A2/de
Publication of EP0146412A3 publication Critical patent/EP0146412A3/en
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Publication of EP0146412B1 publication Critical patent/EP0146412B1/de
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
    • B66B5/00—Applications of checking, fault-correcting, or safety devices in elevators
    • B66B5/0006—Monitoring devices or performance analysers
    • B66B5/0018—Devices monitoring the operating condition of the elevator system
    • B66B5/0025—Devices monitoring the operating condition of the elevator system for maintenance or repair
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
    • B66B5/00—Applications of checking, fault-correcting, or safety devices in elevators
    • B66B5/0006—Monitoring devices or performance analysers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
    • B66B5/00—Applications of checking, fault-correcting, or safety devices in elevators
    • B66B5/0006—Monitoring devices or performance analysers
    • B66B5/0037—Performance analysers

Definitions

  • This invention relates to monitoring selected parameters of a plurality of operating systems at a plurality of remote sites, to determining the presence of an alarm condition according to a state machine model, to transmitting alarm condition signals to a local office for initiating service actions, and to retransmitting alarm conditions signals to a central office for evaluation.
  • Any number of systems operating at a plurality of remote sites may be monitored using sensors at the remote sites and transmitting information on the present status of the sensed parameters during the systems's operation at the sites, such as elevator systems in a plurality of remote buildings.
  • the parameters selected for monitoring are chosen according to their importance in evaluating the operational condition of a system.
  • typical sensors would include, among others, an alarm button sensor, a door fully opened sensor, a leveling sensor, a demand sensor, and a brake fully engaged sensor. These sensors produce signals which may be multiplexed into a transmitter for transmittal to a local office which monitors the status of the plurality of elevator systems.
  • the local office personnel may logically infer the operational condition of the system by noting the presence or absence of other abnormal conditon signals or other associated sensor parameters. For example, if an alarm button pressed and a door closed signal are both received, a condition in which a person is possibly trapped within an inoperative elevator car may be inferred. Additional pieces of information can be transmitted to make the evaluation task easier. Generally, the more information received, the more accurate the conclusions that may be drawn concerning the nature of conditions.
  • One of the objects of the Whynacht invention was to provide an operating system monitor capable of monitoring parameters and evaluating their states in order to form conclusions concerning the system's performance and to determine whether any predefined alarm conditions were present.
  • the sensed parameters were stored by a signal processor and compared to previously received values in order to determine if any parameters had changed state.
  • the present value of the changed parameter(s) was plugged into a Boolean expression defining an alarm condition in order to determine if the Boolean expression was satisfied and hence the alarm conditon was present. If so, an alarm conditon signal was transmitted and displayed as an alarm message.
  • the Whynacht invention embraced a group of monitored systems in, for example, a particular geographical area and monitored the various individual systems at a central location in the local geographical area so that appropriate area service actions could be effectively managed.
  • the Whynacht invention disclosed that many local offices may be grouped together into an overall group which all transmit their data to a headquarters office which monitors many local offices in different geographical areas.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide improved apparatus for monitoring an operating system by monitoring selected parameters indicative of the present operating condition of the system and evaluating the parameter states in order to form accurate conclusions concerning the .system's performance to a high degree of certainty and concerning whether any predefined alarm conditions are present.
  • the sensed parameters to be evaluated are received and stored by a signal processor which compares the present received values of parameters selected according to the present operating condition of the system with values indicative of specific system conditions to determine if any parameter has entered a state indicative of a transition from the present operating condition to another operating condition or to an inoperative condition.
  • the signal processor or an external counter can be employed to keep track of the number of occurrences of such transitions and to provide performance signals indicative of the total count of transitions from particular states to other states thus providing performance signals indicative of system performance. Transitions from inoperative conditions to alarm conditions are also monitored and alarm signals are generated for each such transition.
  • a "state machine” which may take the form of a closed loop of normal operating states, each state of which may be exited to an inoperative condition.
  • Each inoperative condition may also serve as a transition point either to an alarm condition state or back to one of the operating states in the closed loop.
  • Each alarm condition state may also serve as a transition point to another alarm state or back to an inoperative state or an operating state in the closed loop.
  • a plurality of such monitored systems may be grouped such that their individual performance and alarm condition signals are transmitted to a local office where they are evaluated by local service personnel so that appropriate service actions may be taken on a timely basis.
  • a plurality of such local offices may retransmit performance data and alarm messages from their associated operatina systems to a central office which monitors the local offices.
  • the remote system monitor of the present invention provides an intelligent means of automatically evaluating the operational status of an operating system. It also may be used for automatically evaluating the status.of a plurality of systems organized in local geographical areas each reporting to an associated local office.
  • the demanding task of evaluating many hundreds, thousands, or hundreds of thousands of performance data is greatly reduced by providing a "state machine" defining proper performance and alarm conditions.
  • the automatic provision of alarm messages to the local office ensures that proper evaluation of the performance data leads to efficient deployment of the local office service force.
  • essential information necessary for long term performance projections and for the evaulation of the effectiveness of local service offices is provided for use.by central office personnel.
  • Fia. 1 illustrates a remote elevator monitoring system (REMS) for monitoring individual elevators in remotely located buildings 12, for transmitting alarm and performance information to associated local monitoring centers 14 and for retransmitting the alarm and performance information from the local centers to a central monitoring center 16.
  • the method of communication between the remote buildings and the various local offices and the centralized office is a unidirectional communication system whereby inoperative elevators are identified and individual elevator performance information is transferred to a local monitoring center through the use of local telephone lines which may include microwave transmission paths. The local then forwards these messages to the central monitoring center also using telephone lines, but in this case, long distance area wide service is almost always used.
  • Each remote building of the REMS system includes a master 18 and one or more slaves 20.
  • the individual slaves are attached to sensors associated with an associated elevator and elevator shaft.
  • the slaves transmit signals indicative of the status of selected parameters via a communications line 22 which consists of an unshielded pair of wires.
  • the use of a two wire communications line between the master 18 and its associated slaves 20 provides both an inexpensive means of data transmission and the ability to inexpensively locate the master at a location remote from the slaves.
  • each master includes a microprocessor which evaluates the performance data and determines whether an alarm condition exists according to a state machine model which is coded within the software of the microprocessor.
  • Each master communicates with a modem 24 which transmits alarm and performance data to a modem 26 in the associated local monitoring center 14.
  • the architecture of the REMS within a remote building has been described as having a master communicating with one or more slaves using an efficient two wire communications line, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that other means of data collection and transmission including less efficient means may also be used. It should also be understood that because the number of slaves capable of being attached to a given communications line is finite, it may be necessary within a given remote building to utilize more than one master-slave group.
  • Each of the remote buildings 12 communicates with its associated local monitoring center 14 to provide alarm and performance data.
  • the local processor 28 stores the received data internally and alerts local personnel as to the existence of an alarm condition and performance data useful for determining the cause of the alarm.
  • the local processor 28 alerts local personnel of these conditions via a printer 30. It should be understood that other means of communicating with local personnel, such as a CRT may as easily be used.
  • the local processor 28 also causes alarm and performance data from the local's remote buildings to be transmitted to a modem 32 within the central monitoring center 16.
  • a central computer 34 receives data from the modem 32 and provides alarm and performance data to central personnel via a printer 36 and a CRT 38.
  • a bulk data storage unit 40 is used to store alarm and performance data for a long term evaulation by central personnel. Although bulk data storage is a desirable feature of the present invention, it should be understood that bulk data storaqe for the the purpose of long term performance evaluation is not absolutely essential for the practice of the present invention.
  • the REMS described above in connection with the illustration of Fig. 1 is designed to permit a local office to monitor elevators located within its geographical area so that upon the detection of an abnormal condition a serviceman may be immediately dispatched for quick resolution of the problem. In this way, the quality of services performed for the elevator customer is greatly improved.
  • a deteriorating condition may be detected before it causes a elevator disablement.
  • the nature of the problem can often be identified before dispatching the serviceman so that the nature of the corrective action required may be determined in advance.
  • Central office personnel are also kept informed as to performance, operating problems, and disablements in all elevators in the field. This provides an extremely valuable management tool the headquarters operation.
  • Personnel at the central monitoring center 16 are enabled to closely monitor the performance of essentially all of the elevators in the field. Performance trends can thereby be detected and accurate forecast devised for use in businss planning.
  • the instantanous nature of the knowledge provided as to the effectiveness of the service force in remedying field problems is also an invaluable aid to management in identifying and correcting local service offices having unsatisfactory service records.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates an embodiment of the invention as applied to a remote elevator monitoring sytem
  • the invention is not restricted only to applications in the elevator monitoring art.
  • the invention is equally appliable to other system monitoring functions in which intelligent evaluation of system performance data is required. It is also equally applicable for applications in which only local monitoring of distributed systems is required.
  • central monitoring of distributed local monitoring centers for any type of operating system is also embraced by the invention.
  • a block diagram of a slave unit 20 is shown. Elevator sensors (not shown) provide inputs on lines 100 to an opto-isolation, signal conditioning, and multiplexing unit 102 which isolates the input signals from the electronics contained within an industrial control unit 104, scales the input voltages, permits the setting of the relation between voltage presence or absence and the true or false condition, and multiplexes the multiple input lines 100 down to a smaller number of lines 106.
  • the slave unit disclosed herein is capable of accepting 4, 8, or 12 elevator sensor inputs based on the structure of the communications protocol to be described in detail hereinafter. It should be understood, however, that the number of elevator inputs is-not necessarily restricted.to 4, 8 or 12.
  • the industrial control unit 104 scans the inputs on the lines 106 and sends the scanned information down a communications line 22a at the proper time.
  • a unique address for a particular industrial control unit associated with a particular slave unit is configured by means of control jumpers, symbolized by an address configure and control block 108.
  • the industrial control unit provides data on the line 22a when its unique address is identified in a timed sequence of addresses, each address corresponding to a unique slave.
  • the industrial control unit (ICU) utilizes a crystal 110 for generating a 3.58 magahertz signal which is used internally by the ICU as a system clock.
  • An externally generated communication clock signal is provided on a line 22b.
  • a line termination network 112 is connected to the communication lines 22a, 22b close to the ICU in order to provide filtering for error free communications in a high noise environment.
  • a power supply 114 receives unregulated 24 volts DC and provides a regulated output on a line 116 for the slave unit.
  • the communication system protocol is synchronous, half duplex, serial line format by which the master of a local monitoring center can communicate bidirectionally with as many as 60 slave units.
  • the serial line protocol is illustrated in Fig. 3, illustrations (a) - (c).
  • the master is capable of transmitting data to and receiving data from each of the remote slaves in successive transceive cycles 200 (illustration (a)).
  • Each cycle includes a sync frame 202 followed by 128 information frames divided equally between a transmit interval 204 (master transmits to slaves) and a receive interval 206 (master receives from slaves).
  • Each information frame is marked by a line clock pulse transmitted by the master at the communication clock frequency.
  • the sync frame 202 provides master-to-slave synchronization once per cycle. It includes two missing line clock intervals which, when added to the 128 information frame clock pulses, requires 130 equally spaced line clock intervals for each transceive cycle.
  • the system frequency and baud rate is selected at the lowest frequency required to satisfy the particular control application, the band width being limited to compensate for the unshielded transmission line.
  • the selected transceive cycle time is 104 milliseconds .(ms) in the best mode embodiment to provide an approximate 9.6 hertz transceive frequency (i.e., sample time frequency).
  • the line clock frequency is 1,250 hertz (i.e., the clock period is 800 microseconds).
  • Illustration (b) shows the 130 clock pulses as including two sync frame clock pulses (S 1 , S 2 ) and 128 information frame clocks divided equally between the transmit frame 204 (clock pulses 1-64) and receive frame 206 (clock pulses 65-128).
  • the sync frame clock pulses are actually missing.
  • the sync frame itself is defined as the "dead time" interval (which includes the missing clock pulses S 1 , S 2 ) between the 128th clock pulse of a preceding cycle and the first pulse of a present cycle. For the 104 ms cycle time the dead time is 2300 microseconds.
  • the 64 information frames in the transmit and receive intervals service up to a maximum of 60 slaves.
  • the first group of four information frames in each interval 208, 210 are reserved for special command information to all masters and slaves, such as diagnostic/maintenance testing, or control of any optional features which may be incorporated in any associated remote control devices (not used in the REMS); the remaining 60 information frames ' are data frames.
  • the master is typical of transmitting information to each slave in a related transmit interval data frame and is capable of receiving data from each slave in a corresponding receive interval data frame.
  • the REMS does not utilize the full capabilities of the communications system protocol in that no data is transmitted from the masters to their associated slaves in the first half of each transceive, i.e., the transmit interval 204 is not utilized in REMS.
  • all slaves receive and store the commands of frames 1-4 and 65-68 as internal commands related to their operation. These commands may include turn on and turn off of the slaves (all or a selected number), or may command the slaves to send specific data patterns in a diagnostic mode to allow integrity check by the central control.
  • Each slave has an assigned clock address.
  • the line clock pulses are counted and decoded by the slaves following each sync frame to determine the presence of an assigned count address at which time the slave writes a data frame from or to the communication line 22a.
  • the format for the information frames, both special command frames 208, 210 and data frames, are identical, as shown by information frame 212 in illustration (c).
  • the frame time interval is divided into eight 100 microseconds states.
  • the first state (0-100 microseconds) corresponds to the clock pulse interval 214 and must be a minimum of 50 microseconds wide to be valid.
  • the second state 216 (100-200 microseconds) is a "dead time" interval which allows for response time tolerances and sample time delays between the frame clock pulse and the data bits.
  • the next five states 218, 220 ,222, 224, 226, are five signal bit time intervals, the first four of which (218, 220, 222, 224 correspond to the four data bits D 1 : D 4 ).
  • the bit time is equal to the state time, or 100 microseconds for the selected 104 ms transceive cycle time.
  • the fifth bit is a special feature bit which may be received and transmitted by each of the slaves. This fifth bit is used for special feature information which may include test routines i.e., parity tests. In the best mode embodiment the fifth bit is used to convey the special information in 36 of the available 64 information frames in each transmit and receive interval; specifically in information frames 5-40.
  • the last state 228 is also a dead time interval prior to the beginning of the succeeding data frame.
  • the signal data format is tristate, i.e., bipolar.
  • the transmission line provides a differential, three state signal transmission in which the signal, as measured between the transmission line wires 22a, 22b, is in one of three states.
  • the line 22b is the clock line input to the master and slaves; the line 22a is the data line input.
  • the three differential states are measured with respect to the difference potential between line 22a and 22b.
  • V th threshold voltage
  • the differential state input is recognized as a logic one in signal bit times 218, 220, 222, 224, 226. If the line 22a-22b differential magnitude is less than the threshold value the differential state is recognized as a signal bit logic zero 232.
  • the approximate data rate for the selected 104 ms cycle time is 10 KBAUD for the first four data bits (D 1 -D 4 ) and special fifth (test) bit of each information frame. It should be understood, however, that the present system is not limited to either the illustrated baud rate or bit number. In the present REMS higher data rates and/or more information bits may be traded off against maximum line length and noise immunity requirements. It should also be understood that the communications system protocol utilized is not the only protocol that could have been used to format the data. For example, alternate protocol and voltage levels of RS-232C, RS-423, or RS-422 could be used. In addition, information could be coded by pulse.with modulation techniques as opposed to the tri-state voltage levels described hereinbefore.
  • Fig. 4 is a master block diagram having a master/slave communication interface 300 for receiving input information on the status of the elevators from each slave at a regular interval of 104 milliseconds.
  • the information is transmitted on a communication line 22a which is part of the communication lines 22a, 22b continued from Fig. 2.
  • the lines 22a, 22b are terminated with a line termination network 301 having a purpose similar to the network 112 of Fig. 2.
  • the information is processed by a signal processor 302 to determine if an alarm condition is present and to record and maintain additional performance data collected daily on the elevators being monitored.
  • Alarm condition criteria and acceptable limits for the daily performance data are defined according to Boolean logic equations coded within the software of the signal processor.
  • a random access memory (RAM) 304 Associated with the signal processor 302 is a random access memory (RAM) 304, a read only memory (ROM) 306, and a universal asynchronous receiver transmitter (UART) 308 which is used to communicate with and control the modem 24 of Fig. 1.
  • circuitry is contained within the master to provide the necessary real time clock interrupts associated with counting and measuring of unit intervals of time for the purpose of determining alarm conditions and maintaining the correct time of day.
  • the power supply 310 to the master can be 110 V or 220V, 50 or 60 hertz.
  • the outputs of the power supply are a regulated five volt supply and a plus or minus 12 volt supply to provide all of the power for the logic which is contained within the master and also an unregulated 24 volt supply which is sent to all of the slaves associated with the particular master.
  • an analog circuit derives 50 or 60 hertz interrupts. This circuitry takes a full wave AC sine wave from the power line and detects the zero voltage crossover of the wave to generate a periodic interrupt which is set at the same frequency as the line. This interrupt will occur every 16.6 milliseconds for a 60 cycle line and every 20 milliseconds for a 50 cycle line and is fed directly into the processor to automatically increment timers contained within the processor which denote the passage of time to the system.
  • a clock generator 314 consists of a crystal control oscillator which provides all the synchronous clocking information for the master system circuitry. Interfaced to the processor on data line 316, address line 318, and control line 320, is 8K x 8 of ROM 306, which may also be erasable, programmable read only memory (EPROM). Contained within this memory are all of the logic functions associated with the performance of the master. In addition, 2K x 8 of random access memory (RAM) 304 is provided for local data retention. This memory can be written and read from the processor 302 and the master/slave communication interface 300. Contained within the RAM memory is a common storage area which is used to pass information between the master/slave communication interface 300 and the signal processor 302.
  • RAM random access memory
  • This common memory area is accessed by the processor under software control to obtain the latest input data from each elevator.
  • This input data is rewritten in registers of memory in the processor to become what is known as the "bit map" of the input data. Detection of a change in state of one of the bits in the bit map is used in the logical flow of predetermined algorithms to determine the presense of an alarm condition and/or significant performace data associated with the bit change.
  • the processor Upon detection of an alarm condition, the processor will forward a specific alarm message to its associated local monitoring center. The message is sent from the processor to the modem 24 (Fig. 1) via a universal asynchronous receiver transmitter (UART) chip 308 which provides the necessary formatting and control signals for operation of the modem.
  • UART universal asynchronous receiver transmitter
  • Data is transmitted from the UART to a driver circuit 322 on lines 324.
  • a transmit data (Txd) line 326, a data terminal ready (DTR) line 328, and a request to send (RTS) line 330 operatively connect the driver circuitry 322 to the modem 24(Fig. 1).
  • Received back from the modem are received data (Rcd) on a line 332, a clear to send (CTS) signal on a line 334, a data carrier detect (DCD) signal on a line 336, and a ring indicator (RI) signal on a line 338 at a receiver circuit 340.
  • the receiver circuit transmits signals to the UART via lines 342.
  • a ground reference signal (not shown) is provided to the modem.
  • the line 326 functions as the data line through which messages are transmitted to the modem.
  • the data terminal ready (DTR) line 328 is required to provide a signal to the modem that indicates the master is ready for communication.
  • the DTR is set to a logic one level which is then followed by an initialization sequence which is sent via the transmit data line 326 to the modem.
  • a response is received on the received data (Rcd) line 332 from the modem indicating to the processor that the modem has been initialized and is prepared to dial.
  • a dialing sequence is sent from the processor to the modem through the transmit data (Txd) line 326.
  • the dialing sequence consists of a command function to dial followed by the necessary digits to call the local monitoring center 14 (Fig. 1). In most cases this will consist of a seven digit number; however, in those cases where the remote building's modem is interfaced to a private PBX within a building, 8 or 9 digits may be necessary and can be accommodated.
  • the processor will wait for the reception of a data carrier detect (DCD) signal on the line 336 from the modem. This occurs once the modem has completed the dialing cycle and has received a carrier signal back (the carrier signal is a tone frequency capable of being modulated with the signal on the line 332).
  • DCD data carrier detect
  • a data carrier detect (DCD) signal Upon the reception of a data carrier detect (DCD) signal the master is now ready to transmit the message to the local monitoring center detailing the alarm condition or performance data. This same sequence is also followed at the end of the 24 hour period designated as the performance day. This data, however, is not associated with an alarm condition but rather reflects operating performance data which has been accumulated by the processor during the last 24 hour period with regard to the elevators that it monitors.
  • an acknowledgement signal will be received on the received data (Rcd) line 332. At that time the processor will "hang up" the modem by causing the DTR signal on the line 328 to go to the logic zero level.
  • the modem In response to the DTR signal at the logic zero level the modem disconnects from the local monitoring center and clears the telephone line. In the event that an error has occurred in the transmission instead of an acknowledgement, a not acknowledged (NAK) signal will be received on the line 332 from the local monitoring center. In response to the reception of a NAK, four more attempts will be made by the master to complete transmission to the local. If, after five attempts, communication has not been established correctly without error, the remote will "hang up" and reinitiate the entire sequence again in approximately 60 to 90 seconds. This process will continue until a successful communication has been accomplished. Therefore, if a failure of the local phone line occurs, a remote continues to attenpt to communicate to a local until that line is restored.
  • NAK not acknowledged
  • the master Upon initial power up or after a power failure occurs at a remote building the master will communicate, through the modem to the local monitoring center to receive the correct time of day.
  • the local monitoring center contains a chronograph which contains a master clock for the remote building associated with that local office.
  • the remote master processor is synchronized with the master clock in the local monitoring center.
  • the remote processor's local address which is its identification to the local processor, it will use this time of day to perform a daily performance data transfer which is related to its address, in a very specific equation.
  • the local monitoring center 14 contains a modem 26, local processor 28, and a printer 30.
  • the processor contains the data base for the remote elevator monitoring system within the geographic area, and the software to receive messages from each remote building and print the appropriate English message for that message received.
  • the performance data is received and forwarded to the central monitoring center 16 on a daily basis.
  • the communication between the processor 28 and the modem 26 is similar to that of the master 18.
  • the modem 26 at the local monitoring center 14 will detect the occurrence of a ring indication and transmit a ring indicator (RI) to the local processor 28. Upon detecting a RI signal the local modem 26 will answer and establish connection to a remote building's modem 24.
  • RI ring indicator
  • the message upon receipt will then be placed into memory of the processor 28 and software will then determine the type of message. If the message is received error free, an acknowledgement is then sent back to the remote building and the modem 24 at the remote building will hang up.
  • a printout will be generated on the alarm printer which will indicate the occurrence of the alarm condition and the condition of the elevator. In addition, if there is a person trapped on the elevator it will be highlighted as well. In this way, any alarm condition and its nature is known at the local monitoring center 14 in approximately 25 seconds from its detection within the remote building's master.
  • the local monitoring center will also print a message whenever any elevator is placed on "attendant" operation indicative of the turning of a switch contained within the elevator which removes it from automatic service, or that a service mechanic has thrown a switch in the master itself indicating that service actions are being taken on the elevator system within the building.
  • the local will print a message "all clear”. Any alarm condition is cleared upon receipt of an "all clear” message at the local monitoring center which is also forwarded to the central monitoring center via telephone line.
  • daily performance data is forwarded from the locals to the central at specified time intervals.
  • This data is stored under an archival system as received by central.
  • Bulk storage may be implemented using tape, disk, etc. for instance retrieval and performance report generation. These reports can be automatically generated via the centralized computer program.
  • the purpose of this daily performance data and its archival storage is to allow the operators of the REMS the ability to retrieve specific performance data collected via the system to evaluate past performance of the elevators in order to project long term performance. It is important to note that the daily performace called in, in addition to providing daily performance data about all elevators being monitored, also provides an important message verifying the operation of the individual units operating in the various remote buildings throughout the system.
  • the daily call in is generally the major form of communication within the system.
  • a remote building does not call in, it is immediately highlighted via the local monitoring center's computer printout and is also reiterated at the central printout. This provides the local monitoring center immediate notice that the system is not functioning in a particular remote building so that a service person can be dispatched the next day to investigate the cause of the failure, thus, the daily call in provides a supervisory function which detects a broken down system in a particular REM building within one day.
  • Fig. 5 is a detailed schematic diagram of a slave unit of the present invention shown interfaced to elevator sensor contacts 500 and associated 120 V AC sources 502.
  • the contacts 500 and sources 502 are operatively connected on lines 504.
  • Each contact is also operatively connected on a line 506 to an opto isolation and signal conditioning network 508.
  • Each 120 VAC source is also connected on lines 510 to the opto isolation and signal conditioning network 508.
  • Each 120 VAC source is also connected on lines 510 to the opto isolation and signal conditioning network 508.
  • the elevator sensor contacts 500 are presented to the opto isolators 508 in order to completely isolate the slave unit from the elevator signals it is monitoring in order to eliminate high frequency noise spikes of high potential from entering the slave system via a common ground connection.
  • Each optp isolation circuit 508 consists of two opto isolators (photo transistors) 512 which are placed back-to-back to provide for complete positive and negative signal conditioning.
  • the opto isolators 512 turn on at any voltage greater than one-half the AC peak sine wave input value. Once either opto isolator turns on, it discharges a RC charge circuit, having a resistor 514, a resistor 515, and a capacitor 516, and thereby presents, through a buffer amplitude 518, on a line 520 a logic zero signal (0.5V) to an exclusive or gate 522.
  • the capacitor 516 charges towards a value of V cc and the signal on the line 520 is not allowed to switch state indicating the absence of an A C signal.
  • the purpose of the exclusive or gate 522 is to permit the presence or absence of an AC signal on the line 506 to indicate either a true or false condition depending upon the position of a switch 524. If the switch 524 is in the open position, a logic one on the line 520 will cause a logic zero to be present on output line 526. A logic zero on the line 520 will cause the output on the line 526 to be a logic one.
  • a logic one on the line 520 will cause the output on the line 526 to be logic one. If the value of the voltage on the line 520 is equivalent to a logic zero then the output on the line 526 will assume a logic zero value.
  • relatively high voltage is used to overcome any high noise voltages which may be induced on the wires used to connect to the sensor contacts which may be located in a noisy electromagnetic environment. It should also be understood that it is not necessary to isolate the sensor contacts from the control logic within the slave unit by means of opto isolators.
  • Isolation may be achieved using traditional relay isolation methods. Or, if the sensor contacts 500 are located in a benign electromagnetic environment, isolation may not be required. It should also be understood that the setting of the meaning of the presence or absence of voltage on the line 526 by means of, in this case an exclusive or gate 522, could as easily be accomplished by other logic gates or circuit configurations. It should also be noted the Fig. 5 only illustrates several opto isolators and their associated signal conditioning networks and that many other inputs could have been illustrated in a theoretically unlimited number, although the practical number of inputs in the preferred embodiment is either 4, 8, or 12 inputs.
  • multiplexing circuitry 528 be contained in the slave to select the proper set of four inputs at the assigned time within the communications system protocol so that the correct information is inserted into the proper information frame. This is accomplished by means of a multiaddressing binary counter 530 which counts the number of clock pulses transmitted on the line 22b and presenting the present value of its count on lines 532 to an address comparator 534.
  • the permanent address of the particular slave unit is preset by setting a series of switches 536 or jumpers in a combination of open and closed positions depending on the binary value of the permanent address.
  • the setting of the switches causes the lines 538 to carry the various voltage values equivalent to either a logic zero or a logic one in the combination necessary to represent the permanent binary address and present it to the address comparator 534.
  • the address counter transmits a signal on a line 540 to the multiplexer 528 which then presents the information contained on a first four group of output voltages on the lines 526 on lines 542 to an industrial control unit 544.
  • the transmittal of the first group of four information bits in parallel form on the lines 542 causes the industrial control 544 to retransmit the four bits in serial form, each bit being transmitted during the appropriate data frame so that the particular bit is transmitted during an appropriate corresponding bit time 218, 220, 222, 224 (see Fig. 3c).
  • a subsequent clock pulse is sensed on the line 22b by means of a comparator 546 and its address output is increased by one on the lines 532 and the address comparator 534 provides a signal on the line 540 to the multiplexer 528 indicating that the transmission line is ready to receive the next group of four inputs.
  • the next group of four inputs should be selected and their information transmitted on the lines 542 to the industrial control unit 544 for transmittal on the line 22a.
  • the binary counter continues to increase its count as each clock pulse is received from the comparator 546 . on a line 548 and the address comparator 534 continues to transmit a signal on the line 540 to the multiplexer 528 indicating that the next group of inputs are to be presented to the industrial control unit until there are no longer any more groups associated with the particular slave to transmit.
  • the count of the binary counter 530 and of all the counters in slaves on the same transmission line are zeroed after receiving a LSYNC signal on a line 550 at a reset (R) input.
  • R reset
  • the Xmit output of the industrial control unit 544 provides sufficient current on a line 552 to turn on a transistor 554 to transmit a data bit on the line 22a for each corresponding bit received from the lines 542 at the inputs I 1 - I 4 .
  • a two wire DC power distribution line (not shown) connected to the industrial control unit.
  • the Xtal input to the industrial control unit can accept a zero to 10 volt 3.58 MHZ squarewave from the system clock or be connected to one side of a 3.58 MHZ series resonant color burst television crystal.
  • the other side of the crystal should be connected to V DD .
  • a large resistor 556 (about 10 megohms) should be connected between XTAL - and V DD to ensure a reliable crystal operation.
  • a bias clock output provides a 1.78 megahertz 50 percent duty cycle ( X TAL/2) 0 to 8.0 volts CMOS output to a V EE charge pump network.
  • This circuit has two switching diodes and two small ceramic capacitors to invert the output of the 1.78 megahertz signal and produce a -6.0 VDC output which is applied to input line comparators within the industrial control unit so as to increase their negative common mode range.
  • the SLAVE input is connected to V cc for slave operation. Additional noise suppression is accomplished by the addition of a RC network on both the Ll and L2 inputs. A time constant of approximately 2.2 microseconds should be sufficient to limit common mode voltage transients without degrading performance.
  • a resistor 558 and a capacitor 560 are used on both the Ll and L2 ports.
  • a termination network 562 serving the purpose of providing a DC signal return path and limiting the bandwidth of the transmission line to just what is needed by the industrial control units is attached to the line at the last slave on the line. This reduces large high frequency common mode voltage transients induced by such noise sources as relay coils, and induction motors.
  • Figs. 6 and 7 are illustrated in more detail the block diagram of Fig. 4.
  • Fig. 6 shows the master/slave communication interface 300 and the UART 308 of Fig. 4 in a single chip 600 implementation of the master/slave communication interface and UART.
  • a driver circuit 322 and a receiver circuit 340 which transmit and receive signals, respectively, from the modem 24 of Fig. 1.
  • Fig. 7 is shown the processor 302, the RAM 304, the ROM 306, the 60 HZ interrupt 312, the power supply 310, and the clock 314 of Fig. 4.
  • the common data lines 316, address lines 318, and control lines 320 of Fig. 4 are shown in both Figs. 6 and 7.
  • the data lines 316 of Fig. 4 are designated alphanumerically as DO-D7
  • the address lines 318 are designated A0-A15
  • the control lines 320 include a BUS ACK line 602, a BUS REQ line 604, a WR line 606, a MEM REQ line 608, a CLOCK line 610, and a VECTOR line 612.
  • the communication lines 22a, 22b together connect the master with one or more slave units.
  • a comparator 614 compares the voltages on lines 616 and 618 and provides a data bit on a line 620 to the single chip 600 whenever the voltage on the line 22a is 0.8 volts greater than the voltage on the line 618.
  • a circuit 621 provides clock pulses on the line 226.
  • a similar circuit 622 provides the capability of writing data onto line 22a; although this capability is not used in the present embodiment, it is included for possible future use.
  • An eight bit latch circuit 623 is used to demultiplex data and address information provided on lines 316.
  • the latch recovers the address information and holds it for a selected period for later presentation to the least significant bits (AO-A7) of the address bus.
  • the most significant bits of the address bus (A8-A15) are provided directly to the address bus 318 from the single chip 600.
  • the master receives data from the slaves on the communication lines 22a, 22b and stores the data in a discrete bit map in available memory, which in the single chip implementations consists of 128 bytes of RAM which, in the present embodiment, is a Zilog Z8601.
  • a bus request signal is transmitted from the single chip on a line 604 to the processor 302 of Fig. 7 for direct memory access (DMA) by the single chip 600 (Z8601) into the 2K of RAM 304.
  • DMA direct memory access
  • the DMA technique mementarily interrupts the processor (which may be a Zilog Z80) 302 so that control of the address and data lines are relinquished by the precessor 302 to the single chip 600.
  • the processor does this by causing its internal drivers associated with each of the address and data lines to go into the high impedance state so that the single chip's drivers associated with the same lines may temporarily assume control of the address and data buses.
  • the single chip Once the single chip has halted the processor and assumed control of the address and data buses, it then proceeds to write the discrete bit map from its 128 byte RAM into the RAM 304 of Fig. 7. It then releases the bus requestline and the processor resumes operation.
  • the ROM is an 8K x 8 (8K words (bytes), 8 bits/word) electrically programmable read only memory (E P ROM) which is a Toshiba TMM2764D.
  • the RAM 304 of Fig. 7 is a 2K x 8 Toshiba TMM2016P-2. It should be noted in Fig. 7 that although the data bus has 16 lines, which are capable of addressing 65,536 addresses (64K bytes) the EPROM is only on 8K byte device and the RAM 304 is only a 2K byte device.
  • the EPROM is assigned the first 8K bytes of addressable memory and the RAM is assigned the last 2K of addressable memory, i.e., the EPROM has hexadecimal addresses from 0000 to 1FFF and the RAM from F800 to FFFF.
  • a memory decoder/selector/multiplexer 700 is illustrated in F ig. 7 which permits the selection of the proper memory space according to the three most significant bits of the address presently on address lines A13-A15.
  • the logic levels assumed by lines A13-A15 determines which memory (the E P ROM or the RAM) is selected. If line A15 assumes the logic zero level then the selected address presently on the address bus must be between addresses 0000 and 7FFF.
  • Table II is a diagram showing the locations of the addresses selected for the RAM and the EPROM within the 64K bytes of addressable memory. The ranges of addresses within 64K are shown in both decimal and hexadecimal form. The values which may be taken on by the last four (and the most significant) bits of the address, i.e., A15-A12, are also shown in Table II in the order of most significant to least significant.
  • the memory decoder/selector 700 of Fig. 7 provides a logic zero level output select on the line 702 whenever A15, A14, A13 all have assumed the logic zero level. This enables the processor 302 to read instructions out of the EPROM.
  • the memory decoder/selector/multiplexer 700 causes a line 704 to assume the logic zero level which enables the 2K RAM 304 for selection of memory locations in the last 2K bytes addressable memory, i.e., from 62K to 64K.
  • a signal is provided by addressing memory address C000 memory decoder/selector/multiplexer 700 that causes the line 612 in Fig. 6 and 7 to provide a VECTOR signal to the single chip 600 which indicates that a message is to be sent to the local office.
  • the single chip 600 in Fig. 6 provides a bus request signal on the line 604 to the processor 302 of Fig.
  • the single chip executes a DMA in order to read a location in RAM 304 having a code which corresponds to an instruction which indicates that a message is to be transmitted to a local office.
  • the single chip then initiates a transfer sequence utilizing the modem to communicate with the local wherein the previously described sequence culminating in the reception of a carrier detect signal is executed whereby the master is in communication with the local office.
  • the single chip will execute a DMA into RAM to obtain the message for transmittal out through the modem.
  • the master clock 314 of Fig. 7 provides a clock for both the processor and the single chip so that they may be in synchronism.
  • the clock 314 includes a crystal with associated circuitry 706 and a buffer circuit 708.
  • An external signal may be provided on a line 710 which disables the master clock 314 and which permits the clock line 610 of Figs. 6 and 7 to be driven externally by an external clock for test purposes.
  • the 60 HZ interrupt circuit 312 shown in Fig. 7 generates 60 cycle interrupts on a line 712 which are presented to the processor 302 so it can keep track of time.
  • the power supply 310 receives 120 VAC/60 HZpower on lines 714 which are presented to a transformer 716.
  • the transformer provides a transformed signal on lines 718 to a full wave rectifier 720 which provides a rectified signal on lines 722 to the interrupt circuit 312.
  • the interrupt circuit includes amplifiers 728, 730 which provide a 120 HZ signal on a line 732 to a divide by two flipflop 734 which provides the 60 cycle interrupt on the line 712 to the processor 302. It should be understood that another frequency interrupt could be used, e.g., 400 HZ or 50 HZ in Europe.
  • a small lithium battery 750 is provided along with associated resistors and diodes to ensure that upon a power failure the contents of the RAM are not lost.
  • Fig. 8 a state machine model of an elevator system in which transitions from state-to-state following a typical sequence of elevator operations are shown. Because all elevators perform the same general functions, they contain similar rudimentary control and status points within their controllers. In addition, most elevators perform an equivalent sequence of operations when performing their normal functions.
  • Each state that the elevator can assume is represented graphically in Fig. 8 by a circle. Mnemonics used within a circle identify the state. All permissible transitions between states of the elevator are represented graphically by arrows in between circles. Each transition is qualified by an expression whose value is either true or false. The elevator remains in its current state if all the expressions which qualify the transitions leading to the other states are not satisfied. The new state is entered immediately after the expression(s) become(s) satisfied unless a time value is specified.
  • An expression consists of one or more state linkages or minimum time limits used in conjunction with the operators: AND, OR, or NOT. Time is represented by the symbol T. This symbol achieves a true value only after the elevator has been in the state for the time value specified.
  • the AND operator is represented by the symbol .
  • the OR operator is represented by the symbol V .
  • the AND operator takes precedence over the OR operator within an expression unless specified by parenthesis.
  • the NOT operator is represented by a horizontal bar placed over the portion of the expression to be negated.
  • the resulting negated expression has a true value if, and only if, the value of the expression under the bar is false. If a transition is further qualified by a maximum time limit, then the state pointed to shall be entered within the specified amount of time after the exression becomes true. If a portion of an expression is optional or a "don't care" situation is indicated, (in that its true value is not required for the complete expression to be true) then it is enclosed within square brackets.
  • Associated with certain states are messages which indicate that the REMS unit shall transmit a message to the local and/or the central location. These messages are represented graphically in Fig. 8 by an oval adjacent to states indicative of alarm conditions. Mnemonics used within an oval identify the message content to be explained in more detail below. These messages may be associated with the occurrence of a transition between states as well.
  • any malfunction by the elevator or elevator controller which results in a failure to transition from a particular state in the normal sequence is detected.
  • the specific transition out of the normal sequence is detected and identified by a transition to a particular inoperative condition.
  • the state machine illustrated in Fig. 8 serves a monitoring function whereas an actual failure of the elevator is the causal factor while the detection merely serves a monitoring function of the elevator system.
  • performance data associated with the operation of the elevator is also collected. This data consists of the monitoring of a number of elevator functions. Contained within the diagram are octagon symbols with numbers contained within them. These numbers represent the moments in time when the specific counters and times are to begin operation and to cease operation and are described in more detail below.
  • the data input points listed below in Table II are utilized by the elevator state machine of Fig. 8.
  • the eight data inputs that are listed are those normally associated with a single, automatic, push-button (SAPB) configuration of elevator. It should be recognized that this is the minimum configuration of the state machine and that this configuration represents the simplest elevator in operation today, i.e., a single shaft with a single hoist elevator.
  • SAPB automatic, push-button
  • the state machine is functionally operational for multi-shaft way configurations, i.e., those buildings containing multiple elevators controlled by group dispatchers. To accommodate the additional complexity of these installations, it is usually necessary that four more inputs (Table III) be monitored by the state machine; it should be understood that these inputs only add to the complexity of the simple machine for the SA P B.
  • a simple SAPB machine and a complex multi-group machine do not differ in theory of operation, but only in the ability to detect additional states.
  • "true” refers to the affirmed condition of the input in a logical sense only. The absence or presence of voltage from a field contact is not in this case defined, but is a function of the individual wiring at the field site.
  • the preferred hardware implementation allows for either the presence or absence of voltage to assume the true function, as described fully in the previous Whynacht disclosure referred to above.
  • a power-on state 1100 Upon application of power to the machine, a power-on state 1100 will be entered after all self-test checking by the processor unit is completed. After entering the power-on state 1100 the state machine will transition to a car idle state 1102 as signified by a transitional line 1104. It is anticipated that when an elevator is powered up, the elevator that is being monitored is running and in operation; therefore, no requirement is imposed upon alarming from the power-on state 1100. There is an implied entrance into the power-on state 1100 anytime power is applied or power is interrupted momentarily to the unit. Anytime a processor reset occurs, the state machine will begin from the power-on state 1100.
  • the car idle state 1102 functionally represents a car which has no demand and is waiting at a floor. Door positions are irrelevant.
  • a button input usually from a passenger either at a hall landing or within a car is detected true for three seconds.
  • the button will go true whenever a hall call or car call is registered on the car in a single automatic push-button configuration.
  • a button going true represents a "demand" or "go" signal from the group dispatcher function to the car.
  • the state machine Upon detecting a true condition of the button input for greater than three seconds the state machine will sequence from the car idle state 1102 to a car called state 1106 as signified by a transitional line 1108.
  • An abnormal transition from the car idle state 1102 can occur if the elevator power goes false for greater than one second.
  • the state machine will sequence from the car idle state 1102 to an inoperative state 1 (INOP 1) 1110 as signified by a transitional line 1112.
  • INOP 1 inoperative state 1
  • a third transition condition out of the car idle state 1102 occurs when service goes true indicating that maintenance is being performed on the elevator car itself. This condition will cause the state machine to sequence from the car idle state 1102 to an attendant state 1114 as indicated by a transitional line 1116.
  • the car called state 1106 functionally represents a car which has been dispatched true by either a call from a hall or car button for a SA P B configuration or via a demand/go signal from a group dispatcher. The car is still at a floor but now has been activated by a signal to cause it to move. Two transitions are possible from the car called state 1106. A normal transition occurs when the hoistway door locks makeup, i.e., the hoistway door lock variable goes true within a time period of twenty seconds from the entrance into the car call state. Upon this occurrence the state machine will sequence from the car called state 1106 to a car ready state 1118.
  • the car ready state 1118 functionally represents the condition that the car has been commanded to go, and the hoistway door locks have closed. There are two transitions possible from the car ready state. The normal transition is the occurrence of a brakelift on the elevator car. This brakelift must occur within fifteen seconds after entering the car ready state 1118. Upon the occurrence of the brakelift within fifteen seconds, the state machine will sequence from the car ready state 1118 to a car active state 1126 as indicated by a transitional line 1128. In the event that the brakelift does not occur within fifteen seconds from entry into the car ready state, the state machine will sequence from the car ready state 1118 to an inoperative 3 (INOP 3) state 1130 as indicated by a transitional line 1132. This is an abnormal transition from the car ready state 1118.
  • the normal transition is the occurrence of a brakelift on the elevator car. This brakelift must occur within fifteen seconds after entering the car ready state 1118.
  • the state machine Upon the occurrence of the brakelift within fifteen seconds, the state machine will sequence from the car ready
  • the car active state 1126 functionally represents the condition that the car is in motion. It can not be assumed at anytime that the car is either in or outside of a door landing. Although in all probability, once entrance into the car active state 1126 is effected, the car will not be positioned at a floor, but will be in some intermediate position between landings.
  • the car active state is the normal run mode for the elevator car and is the predominant mode that the elevator takes during a run. Upon approaching the terminal landing of the elevator run, whether it be a single floor or a multi-floor run, at some point the car will begin to decelerate and stop at the desired landing for which the button signal generated the initial go for the elevator car.
  • the controller for the elevator car will drop the brake for the car to stop it at the landing that has been determined to be correct for the initial go signal.
  • the normal transition out of the car active state is the occurrence of this brake drop. It is signified by the input brake going false as indicated on a transitional line 1134 to a car stopped state 1136.
  • the safety chain input variable is included in the transitional expression in order to provide a check for a normal elevator stopped condition, Upon the occurrence of this, the state machine will sequence from the car active state 1126 to the car stopped state 1136. Note that the state machine assumes no time limit between going from the car active state 1126 to the car stopped state, since it is not known how long the actual run will take.
  • An abnormal transition from the car active state 1126 is the detection of the safety chain variable being false along with the brakelift variable being false as indicated by a transitional line 1138 to an inoperative 6 (INOP 6) state 1140.
  • the transition on the line 1138 indicates a stoppage of the elevator car by the opening of the safety chain (the safety chain is a chain of series connected normally closed safety related contacts the opening of any one or more of which constitutes a breaking of "the safety chain” and the assumption by the safety chain of a false value).
  • the car stopped state 1136 functionally represents the condition that the brake has dropped on the elevator and the car has now stopped. At this point it is not known whether the car has stopped at a floor or at some indeterminate point between landings. It is the purpose of this state to detect which of these conditions is true.
  • a normal transition from the car stopped state is the assumption by the door open variable of the true value within one second of entering the car stopped state 1136.
  • An additional input, variable car parked recognition (true) is included in the transitional equation for the multi-car configuration since the parking of an elevator car under a group dispatcher function is possible for this configuration as indicated by a transitional line 1142 to a car door open state 1144.
  • SAPB single automatic push button
  • the state machine Upon the assumption of the door open variable of a true value within one second of entering the car stopped state 1136, the state machine will sequence from the car stopped state 1136 to the car door open state 1144.
  • Another normal transition, in the case of the multi-car configuration, from the car stopped estate 1136 is the assumption by the car parked recognition input variable of a false value after entering the car stopped state 1136. This results in an immediate transition to a car parked state 1146 as indicated by a transitional line 1148.
  • multi-car configuration systems provide the input car parked recognition variable and have an associated car parked state 1146 implemented in the state machine.
  • An abnormal transition from the car stopped state 1136 is the detection of the door open variable remaining false for a period of greater than five seconds after entering the car stopped state 1136. This will result in a transition to an inoperative 4 (INOP 4) state 1150 as indicated by a transitional line 1152.
  • the car parked recognition variable is included in this equation if the state machine supports a multi-car configuration.
  • the car door open state functionally represents the opening of the inner doors of the elevator after the car has stopped at a floor. It represents the conclusion of a normal elevator run.
  • the state machine Upon entrance to the car door open state, the state machine performs a check of leveling (if leveling performance monitoring is installed for the particular elevator configuration). This leveling check is not a unique state and is therefore not illustrated in Fig. 8 but is rather a performance measure which is associated only with the occurrence of the car door open state 1144 itself.
  • the normal transition from the car door open state occurs upon detection of the opening of the hoistway doors (the door switch variable going false) which results in a transition to the car idle state 1102. This represents a completed sequence of elevator operation and will result in the beginning of the entire sequence again.
  • the abnormal transition condition from the car door open state 1144 is for the door switch to remain true for a period of greater than twenty seconds after the state machine enters the car door open state 1144 as indicated by a transitional line 1154 to an inoperative 5 (INOP 5) state 1156. This represents the occurrence of a locked hoistway door or a failure of the elevator doors to open for some other reason.
  • the service state 1114 functionally represents the performance of some maintenance action upon an elevator by a qualified repair man.
  • the service variable achieves a true value when the service switch associated with the elevator is turned to the true position.
  • the detection of the occurrence of the service variable going true will cause a transition from the car idle state 1102 to the service state 1114 (the service state is also referrred to as the attendant state).
  • the service state is also referrred to as the attendant state.
  • all performance monitoring in abnormal elevator shutdowns with the exception of an occuppied trapped passenger are overridden, i.e., they are ignored.
  • the normal transition from the attendant state is the detection of the service variable in the false condition as indicated by a transition line 1158 back to the car idle state 1102.
  • This normal transition represents the time when the maintenance operator releases the switch indicating that he has performed his maintenance action on the elevator.
  • the state machine sequences from the attendant state 1114 to the car idle state 1102 and begins again to monitor all operations of the elevator for abnormal, occupied, and unoccupied shutdowns along with monitoring performance criteria.
  • An abnormal transition from the attendance state can occur if the alarm bell variable is held true for a period of greater than one second as indicated by a transitional line 1160 to an occupied wait 1 (OCCW 1) state 1162. This represent the case where somehow the maintenance operator or a passenger has managed to trap himself within an elevator while undergoing maintenance service.
  • the state machine Upon detection of the power variable going false for greater than one second the state machine transitions from the car idle ' state 1102 to the inoperative 1 state 1110.
  • a twenty minute timer begins to measure the elapsed time starting at the time the state machine entered the inoperative 1 state 1110. If the elevator does not perform a normal transition from the INOP 1 state 1110 back to the car idle state 1102 within the twenty minutes allowed, a transition will occur from the inoperative 1 state 1110 to an unoccupied 1 (UNNOC 1) state 1162 as indicated by a transitional line 1164. This transition signifies the detection of an abnormal elevator shutdown.
  • UNNOC 1 unoccupied 1
  • the normal transition condition from the inoperative 1 state 1110 is the detection of the power variable going true within-the twenty minute time period as indicated by a transitional line 1166.
  • the state machine will sequence from the inoperative 1 state 1110 back to the car idle state 1102 and will resume monitoring of the elevator.
  • a second abnormal transition from the inoperative 1 state 1110 occurs upon the detection of the alarm bell variable going true for greater than one second as indicated by a transitional line 1168 to the occupied wait 1 state 1162. If a passenger were to somehow become trapped in the elevator from the car idle state, the detection of the alarm bell variable in the true condition for greater than one second would generate this transition.
  • the unoccupied 1 state 1162 functionally represents an abnormal elevator shutdown which has occurred due to a power failure of the elevator. As such, a detection of this state represents an abnormal elevator shutdown.
  • the only transition from the unoccupied 1 state 1162 is back to the car idle state 1102 as indicated by a transitional line1170.
  • the transition from the unoccupied 1 state 1162 to the car idle state 1102 occurs when the power variable goes true and will result in the sending of an alarm condition corrected message (CLR) to the local 14.
  • CLR alarm condition corrected message
  • the inoperative 2 state 1122 functionally represents a failure of a hoistway door to close.
  • a check is made of the emergency stop input variable. If it is true, then the emergency stop button has been pressed and a transition to an emergency stopped state 1172 occurs as indicated by a transitional line 1174. If the emergency stop variable is false, a timer begins measuring the time from when the state machine enters the INOP 2 state 1122 until twenty minutes have elapsed. For multi-car operation, a check is also performed on the normal input variable to ensure that it is true before transitioning as indicated by a transitional line 1176 to an UNNOC 2 state 1178.
  • the normal input variable represents the capability of an operator in multi-car configuration to place one of the elevator cars upon attendant operation.
  • the timer is disabled.
  • an immediate transition is made into the unoccupied 2 state 1178.
  • a transition from the unoccupied 2 state 1178 occurs upon the door switch variable going true as indicated by a transitional line 1180 to the car idle state 1102. This transition will cause the generation of an alarm clear message indicating that the inoperative message previously sent upon entering the unoccupied 2 state 1178 is no longer valid.
  • a third transition from the inoperative 2 state 1122 is the detection of the alarm bell variable going true for greater than one second as indicated by a transitional line 1182 to the occupied wait 1 state 1162. This functionally represents the occurence of a passenger being within the elevator when the hoistway doors have failed to close up.
  • the state machine upon entrance to the unoccupied 2 state 1178 due to the accumulation of more than twenty minutes while waiting in the inoperative 2 state 1122, the state machine will immediately transmit an inoperative abnormal elevator shutdown message to the local.
  • the state machine remains in the unoccupied 2 state 1178 until the detection of the door switch variable going true at which time an immediate transition is made to the car idle state 1102. Upon this transition an "alarm condition corrected” (CLR) message is transmitted to the local.
  • CLR alarm condition corrected
  • the inoperative 3 state 1130 functionally represents the failure of the brake to lift for the elevator car within fifteen seconds of the state machine entering the car ready state and the brakelift variable at the same time being false.
  • a twenty minute timer begins to time how long the state machine remains in the inoperative 3 state 1130. If this timer measures twenty minutes, an immediate transition is made to the unoccupied 3 (UNNOC 3) state 1184 as indicated by a transitional line 1186.
  • the normal input variable, for multi-car applications is included in the transitional expression shown accompanying the transitional line 1186 for the same reasons it was included in connection with the transitional line 1176 which defined a transition from the inoperative 2 state 1122 to the unoccupied 2 state 1178.
  • Another possible transition from the inoperative 3 state 1130 to the car door open state 1144 occurs when the door open variable is detected going true within twenty minutes of entering the inoperative 3 state 1130. This produces an immediate entrance to the car door open state 1144 as indicated by a transitional line 1190.
  • a transition from the inoperative 3 state occurs upon the detection of the alarm bell variable going true for a period of greater than one second as indicated by a transitional line 1192 to the occupied wait 1 state 1162. This would represent a passenger being trapped within the car.
  • the state machine in addition to the above mentioned transitions from the inoperative 3 state 1130, contains a counter which is incremented upon every entrance into the inoperative 3 state 1130. This counter is cleared if the brakelift variable goes true causing a transition to the car active state 1126 as indicated by a transitional line 1194 or if the button variable is false for greater than five seconds as indicated by a transitional line 1196 to the car idle state 1102. Upon every entrance into the inoperative 3 state 1130, after incrementing the counter, the value of the counter is tested for a value of five. It is possible for a controller malfunction to cause the brake to fail to lift and to sequence through the states: car door open, car idle, car called, car ready, and INOP 3 without having the car ever move.
  • the inoperative 4 state 1150 represents the condition of the door open variable going false corresponding to a door open actuator failure.
  • a twenty minute timer begins to measure the length of time the state machine remains in the inoperative 4 state. If after twenty minutes a door opens or brakelift has not occurred, the state machine will enter an unoccupied 4 (UNNOC 4) state 1198 as indicated by a transitional line 1200.
  • the normal variable is included in the expression adjacent to the transitional line 1200 for multi-car configurations. In all other cases it would be omitted, as in the transitional lines 1186, 1176. It is possible to transition from the inoperative 4 state 1150 to the car door open state 1144 upon detecting the door open variable going true as indicated by a transitional line 1202.
  • an abnormal elevator shutdown message (INOP) is sent to local.
  • the state machine will remain in the unoccupied 4 state 1198 until the door open variable is detected as going true. This causes an immediate transition to the car door open state 1144 as indicated by a transitional line 1208.
  • a condition corrected message (CLR) is generated upon the occurence of such a transition.
  • the occupied wait 1 (OCCW 1) state 1162 represents the detection of the alarm bell variable going true for greater than one second from any of the inoperative states 1110, 1122, 1130, 1140, 1150 or from the service (attendant) state 1114.
  • a timer begins accumulating up to three minutes.
  • an occupied 1 (OCC 1) state 1210 as indicated by a transitional line 12I2. It is possible to transition from the occupied wait 1 state 1162 upon the detection of the door open variable going true as indicated by a transitional line 1214 to the car door open state 1144. This would represent the escape of a trapped passenger out of the elevator car and would therefore cancel any potential occupied alarm.
  • the occupied 1 state 1210 is entered upon expiration of the three minute timer from the occupied wait state. It represents the detection of a trapped passenger.
  • OCC1 occupied abnormal elevator shutdown
  • the only way to exit the occupied 1 state 1210 is by the detection of the door open variable going true as indicated by a transitional line 1216 to the car door open state 1144. This represents the escape of a passenger from the trapped elevator and causes the generation of a message of alarm condition corrected (CLR) to the local.
  • CLR alarm condition corrected
  • the inoperative state 5 1156 represents the failure of the hoistway door actuators to open. It is entered from the car door open state 1144 if the hoistway doors do not open within twenty seconds after entering the car door open state 1144. Upon entrance into the inoperative 5 state 1156 the state machine begins a timer which measures how long the state machine remains in the inoperative 5 state 1156. If after twenty minutes the hoistway car doors have not opened, a transition is made into an unoccupied 5 (UNNOC 5) state 1218 as indicated by a transitional line 1220. It is possible to transition from the inoperative 5 state 1156 to the car idle state 1102 before twenty minutes elapses if the door switch variable goes false as indicated by a transitional line 1222. It is also possible to transition from the inoperative 5 state 1156 if the alarm bell variable is detected true for a period of greater than one second as indicated by a transitional line 1224 to an occupied wait 3 (OCCW 3) state 1226.
  • the unoccupied 5 state 1218 is entered upon the state machine remaining in the inoperative 5 state 1156 for greater than twenty minutes. Upon entering the unoccupied 5 state 1218 an immediate message of an abnormal elevator shutdown (INOP) is transmitted to the local. The state machine will remain in the unoccupied 5 state 1218 until the detection of the door switch variable going false which produces an immediate transition to the car idle state 1102 as indicated by a transitional line 1228. This also results in the transmission of a message to the local of the alarm condition corrected (CLR).
  • CLR alarm condition corrected
  • the occupied wait 3 state 1226 is entered from the inoperative 5 state 1156 upon detection of the alarm bell variable going true for greater than one second. It represents the detection of a trapped passenger due to the hoistway door failure. A timer is enabled upon entering the occupied wait 3 state 1226. If after three minutes, the hoistway doors have not been detected in the opened condition, i.e., the door switch variable remains true, an immediate transition is made to an occupied 3 (OCC 3) state 1230 as indicated by a transitional line 1232. Detection of the door switch variable going false (this would represent the opening of:the hoistway doors and the escape of the trapped passenger) from the car produces an immediate transition to the car idle state 1102 as indicated by a transitional line 1234.
  • OCC 3 occupied 3
  • a message is transmitted to the local of an occupied abnormal elevator shutdown (OCC).
  • OCC occupied abnormal elevator shutdown
  • the state machine remains in the occupied 3 state 1230 until the detection of the hoistway door switch variable going false. This represents the escape of the trapped passenger via the hoistway doors and will generate a message to the local of alarm condition corrected (CLR).
  • CLR alarm condition corrected
  • the state machine Upon detecting the hoistway door switch variable going false the state machine will sequence from the occupied 3 state 1230 to the car idle state 1102 as indicated by a transitional line 1236. This also results in the transmission of a message to the local of the alarm condition corrected (CLR).
  • the emergency stopped state 1172 functionally represents the pushing of the emergency stop button in the elevator car to prevent the car doors from closing in their normal sequence.
  • a transition into the emergency stopped stop state 1172 from the inoperative 2 state 1122 prevents the sending of either an unoccupied or occupied alarm while the car is being held at the floor.
  • the only exit from the emergency stopped state 1172 is the release of the emergency stopped button. This generates an immediate transition back to the inoperative 2 state 1122 as indicated by a transitional line 1238.
  • the inoperative 6 state 1140 functionally represents the stoppage of the elevator car by an opening of the safety chain.
  • a twenty minute timer begins to measure the time that the state machine occupies the inoperative 6 state 1140. If after twenty minutes the safety chain variable does not go true, the state machine will transition to an unoccupied 6 (UNNOC 6) state 1240 as indicated by a transitional line 1242. Detection of the safety chain variable going true will abort the twenty minute timer and result in an immediate transition to the car stopped state 1136 as indicated by a transitional line 1244.
  • the normal variable is included in the expression adjacent to the transitional line 1242 in Fig.
  • a transition from the inoperative 6 state 1140 is the detection of the alarm bell variable going true for greater than one second as indicated by a transitional line 1246 to the occupied wait 1 state 1162. This would represent a trapped passenger.
  • an abnormal elevator shutdown message (INO P ) is sent to local.
  • the state machine will remain in the unoccupied 6 state 1240 until the detection of the safety chain variable going true. This generates an immediate transition to the car idle state 1102 as indicated by a transitional line 1248. It also generates a message to the local of an alarm condition corrected message (CLR).
  • CLR alarm condition corrected message
  • the car parked state 1146 represents the car parking function associated with multiple hoistways and multi-car groups.
  • the car parked state is entered from the car stopped state 1136 if the car parked recognition variable goes false.
  • a transition from the car parked state 1146 to the car idle state 1102 occurs when the button variable is detected with a true value. This would represent a generated go signal from a controller to dispatch a car to a designated hall call. It is represented by a transitional line 1250.
  • An abnormal transition from the car parked state 1146 occurs if the alarm bell variable goes true for a period of greater one second as indicated by an transitional line 1252 to an occupied wait 2 (OCCW 2) state 1254. This would represent the occurrence of a trapped passenger due to the car parked recognition relay.
  • a second abnormal transition can occur if the door open variable goes true as indicated by a transitional line 1256 to the car door open state 1144. This represents the escaping of a trapped passenger from the elevator car.
  • the occupied wait 2 state 1254 represents the detection of a trapped passenger due to the car parked recognition relay failure.
  • a timer is enabled. If this-timer accumulates three minutes of time then an immediate transition is made to an occupied 2 (OCC 2 ) state 1258 as represented by a transitional line 1260. If the door open actuator input variable goes true before three minutes elapses the timer is disabled and a transition is made to the car door open state as indicated by a transitional line 1262. This represents the escaping of a trapped passenger from the elevator car.
  • the occupied 2 state 1258 represents the detection of a trapped passenger. Entrance into the occupied 2 state 1258 results in a message of occupied abnormal elevator shutdown (OCC) to the local.
  • OCC occupied abnormal elevator shutdown
  • the state machine remains in the occupied 2 state until the door open variable is detected true which results in a transition from the occupied 2 state 1258 to the car door open state 1144 as indicated by a transitional line 1264. This transition generates the transmittal of a message to the local of alarm condition corrected (CLR).
  • CLR alarm condition corrected
  • the state machine described herein performs the functions of monitoring normal elevator performance.
  • Contained within the state diagram of Fig. 2 are numbered hexagons. These hexagons represent the enabling and disabling of timers and counters for the accumulation of performance data. Entrance into abnormal elevator conditions as designated by inoperative conditions or the occurrence of entrance into occupied wait conditions will, in general, disable the accumulation of performance data associated with the state of the car. This is to prevent-excessive counting of elevator demand time, run time, etc., as a result of an abnormal elevator shutdown.
  • the functions of the various timers and counters as represented by the numbered hexagons of Fig. 8 are described more fully in Table IV which is self-explanatory when viewed in connection with Fig. 8 and the description below.
  • a demand timer begins accumulating time in seconds. This is indicated by hexagon 1 in Fig. 8. This timer will be disabled upon the transition from the car active to the car stop state as indicated by hexagon 2.
  • the total accumulated demand time associated with a car is accumulated over the twenty-four hour period of performance monitoring (the normal period for performance monitoring).
  • a machine run timer begins the accumulation of time in seconds.
  • the initiation of the machine run timer is indicated by hexagon 3.
  • This timer is disabled upon the detection of a brakedrop as indicated by hexagon 4 as a result of a transition from the car active state 1126 to the car stop state 1136.
  • the total machine run time for the elevator car is accumulated over the performance period of twenty-four hours.
  • the number of runs for the elevator is accumulated by counting the transitions from car ready state 1118 to the car active state 1126.
  • a door operations counter-(not shown) is incremented as indicated by hexagon 5. The total accumulation of door open operations is maintained over the performance period of twenty-four hours.
  • a door closed timer begins incrementing time in seconds upon the occurrence of this transition as indicated by hexagon 6.
  • this timer shall be inhibited as indicated by hexagon 7.
  • the amount of accumulated time is then compared to the door close limit value for the elevator. In the event that this time is greater than the door closed limit time, a door closed exceedance is detected. This is added to an accumulated value for door closed exceedances over the twenty-four performance monitoring period.
  • Any transition from the car ready state 1118 to the inoperative 3 state 1130 results in the incrementing of a slow brake counter (not shown) as indicated by hexagon 8. In this way, all occurences of brakelifts of greater than fifteen seconds are counted over the performance period. The monitoring of this performance value will give an indication to the local office of an impending failure.
  • a value limit can be associated therewith.
  • the exceedance of this limit by a counter may be setup to generate an alarm to the local office indicating the exceedance of the limit value specified.
  • the purpose of this alarm is to alert the local office of a performance malfunction within an elevator prior to an actual elevator shutdown.
  • the state machine Upon entering the car door open state 1144, the state machine checks for a true master floor condition in order to perform a levelling check. In other words, one of the floors is selected as the master floor and a levelling check is performed each time the car stops at that floor. If levelling has occurred within established acceptability limits a levelling variable is set to a true value which indicates that the car has stopped within a fixed level distance of the floor landing. A failure to level at the master floor results in the incrementing of a levelling failure counter (not shown) as indicated by hexagon 11. In this way, levelling failures can be monitored over the performance period. On some elevator configurations it is desirable to measure levelling at all floor landings.
  • the number of one-floor runs for the elevator are accumulated on the transition into the car active state 1126.
  • the detection of a one-floor run is accumulated over the performance period. This is indicated by hexagon 4.

Landscapes

  • Selective Calling Equipment (AREA)
EP19840308906 1983-12-19 1984-12-19 Fernüberwachungseinrichtung für den Stand einer Maschine Expired EP0146412B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT84308906T ATE25838T1 (de) 1983-12-19 1984-12-19 Fernueberwachungseinrichtung fuer den stand einer maschine.

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US06/562,624 US4568909A (en) 1983-12-19 1983-12-19 Remote elevator monitoring system
US562624 1983-12-19
US632071 1984-07-18
US06/632,071 US4622538A (en) 1984-07-18 1984-07-18 Remote monitoring system state machine and method

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0146412A2 true EP0146412A2 (de) 1985-06-26
EP0146412A3 EP0146412A3 (en) 1985-08-14
EP0146412B1 EP0146412B1 (de) 1987-03-11

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EP19840308906 Expired EP0146412B1 (de) 1983-12-19 1984-12-19 Fernüberwachungseinrichtung für den Stand einer Maschine

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EP (1) EP0146412B1 (de)
DE (1) DE3462597D1 (de)
HK (1) HK95887A (de)
SG (1) SG62987G (de)

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0258915A1 (de) * 1986-08-04 1988-03-09 LIFT SECURITY SYSTEM Srl Vorrichtung zur Fernsteuerung der Bedingungen, Prozesse und Störungen in Aufzügen, Fahrstühlen, Fahrtreppen und ähnlichen durch Übertragung in örtlichen Telephonleitungen und in Fernverbindungstelephonleitungen
EP0298784A2 (de) * 1987-07-10 1989-01-11 Otis Elevator Company Apparat und Methode zur Überwachung des Türantriebes und der Fahrt eines Aufzuges
EP0337717A2 (de) * 1988-04-11 1989-10-18 Otis Elevator Company Übungsgerät
GB2217478A (en) * 1988-04-21 1989-10-25 Hypromat France Controlling car washing stations
EP0367388A1 (de) * 1988-10-31 1990-05-09 Otis Elevator Company Diagnostischer Überwachungsapparat für Aufzüge
ES2137132A1 (es) * 1996-06-06 1999-12-01 Zergonsa Sur Este S L Sistema de comunicacion de averias para ascensores.
EP1050503A1 (de) * 1999-05-03 2000-11-08 Inventio Ag Hilfesystem für Aufzüge
EP2840052A1 (de) * 2013-06-07 2015-02-25 Liftware S.r.l. Fernüberwachungssysteme für Aufzüge
US11518650B2 (en) * 2018-06-15 2022-12-06 Otis Elevator Company Variable thresholds for an elevator system
US12012307B2 (en) 2018-07-27 2024-06-18 Otis Elevator Company Elevator safety system

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2286096A1 (fr) * 1974-09-30 1976-04-23 Westinghouse Electric Corp Dispositif de surveillance des installations d'ascenseur
CA1063246A (en) * 1974-09-30 1979-09-25 Westinghouse Electric Corporation Elevator bank simulation system
US4401192A (en) * 1981-10-06 1983-08-30 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Method of evaluating the performance of an elevator system
US4418795A (en) * 1981-07-20 1983-12-06 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Elevator servicing methods and apparatus

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2286096A1 (fr) * 1974-09-30 1976-04-23 Westinghouse Electric Corp Dispositif de surveillance des installations d'ascenseur
CA1063246A (en) * 1974-09-30 1979-09-25 Westinghouse Electric Corporation Elevator bank simulation system
US4418795A (en) * 1981-07-20 1983-12-06 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Elevator servicing methods and apparatus
US4401192A (en) * 1981-10-06 1983-08-30 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Method of evaluating the performance of an elevator system

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0258915A1 (de) * 1986-08-04 1988-03-09 LIFT SECURITY SYSTEM Srl Vorrichtung zur Fernsteuerung der Bedingungen, Prozesse und Störungen in Aufzügen, Fahrstühlen, Fahrtreppen und ähnlichen durch Übertragung in örtlichen Telephonleitungen und in Fernverbindungstelephonleitungen
EP0298784A2 (de) * 1987-07-10 1989-01-11 Otis Elevator Company Apparat und Methode zur Überwachung des Türantriebes und der Fahrt eines Aufzuges
EP0298784A3 (en) * 1987-07-10 1990-01-17 Otis Elevator Company Elevator car door and motion sequence monitoring apparatus and method
EP0337717A3 (de) * 1988-04-11 1992-04-15 Otis Elevator Company Übungsgerät
EP0337717A2 (de) * 1988-04-11 1989-10-18 Otis Elevator Company Übungsgerät
GB2217478A (en) * 1988-04-21 1989-10-25 Hypromat France Controlling car washing stations
GB2217478B (en) * 1988-04-21 1992-12-23 Hypromat France Method and apparatus of managing and controlling a plurality of washing stations
EP0367388A1 (de) * 1988-10-31 1990-05-09 Otis Elevator Company Diagnostischer Überwachungsapparat für Aufzüge
ES2137132A1 (es) * 1996-06-06 1999-12-01 Zergonsa Sur Este S L Sistema de comunicacion de averias para ascensores.
EP1050503A1 (de) * 1999-05-03 2000-11-08 Inventio Ag Hilfesystem für Aufzüge
EP2840052A1 (de) * 2013-06-07 2015-02-25 Liftware S.r.l. Fernüberwachungssysteme für Aufzüge
US11518650B2 (en) * 2018-06-15 2022-12-06 Otis Elevator Company Variable thresholds for an elevator system
US12012307B2 (en) 2018-07-27 2024-06-18 Otis Elevator Company Elevator safety system

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0146412A3 (en) 1985-08-14
HK95887A (en) 1987-12-24
DE3462597D1 (en) 1987-04-16
SG62987G (en) 1987-11-13
EP0146412B1 (de) 1987-03-11

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