Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D7/00—Compositions of detergents based essentially on non-surface-active compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/16—Organic compounds
  • C11D3/20—Organic compounds containing oxygen
  • C11D3/22—Carbohydrates or derivatives thereof
  • C11D3/222—Natural or synthetic polysaccharides, e.g. cellulose, starch, gum, alginic acid or cyclodextrin
  • C11D3/225—Natural or synthetic polysaccharides, e.g. cellulose, starch, gum, alginic acid or cyclodextrin etherified, e.g. CMC
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/0005—Other compounding ingredients characterised by their effect
  • C11D3/0036—Soil deposition preventing compositions; Antiredeposition agents

Definitions

• This invention relates to a detergent composition which has improved soil removal and/or anti-redeposition properties and provides a process for producing the same.
• Synthetic detergent compositions have been used commercially for a number of years for the removal of soil from fabric and these compositions generally comprise a number of different types of compounds or additives.
• this type of composition may include, although not necessarily be limited to: an organic detergent compound such as a surfactant or surface active agent; a builder component such as a phosphate salt which enhances the cleaning effectiveness of the surfactant by sequestering various metallic ions found in hard water; and finally a soil suspending or anti-redeposition agent to help the surfactant hold the soil particles in suspension and prevent them from being redeposited onto the fabric during washing.
• a soil anti-redeposition agent generally improves the whiteness of fabrics washed with the detergent composition since the anti-redeposition agent suspends the soil in the solution once it has been removed from the fabric and prevents its redeposition onto the washed fabric. If the detergent composition has poor soil suspension properties during washing and the soil is allowed to be redeposited, or settle from the wash onto the washed fabric, the fabric will eventually acquire a gray appearance which represents an extremely undesirable result for a detergent.
• Other materials which have been proposed as soil anti-redeposition agents include polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl alcohol, sodium alginate and various modified starches, all of which are generally considered to be less effective than carboxymethylcellulose.
• Other types of soil anti-redeposition agents which have been described as having improved soil anti-redeposition properties over carboxymethylcellulose include polyvinylpyrrolidone (as described in U.S.
• the present invention thus consists in a detergent composition including, as an anti-redeposition agent, a carboxymethylated soy polysaccharide material.
• the detergent composition of the present invention thus comprises at least an organic detergent compound and the carboxymethylated soy polysaccharide material, which is preferably the soy polysaccharide or "spent flake" fraction derived from soy isolate processing, and will normally also include a detergent builder.
• the carboxymethylated soy polysaccharide material is added to said detergent composition in an amount effective to improve soil removal and/or prevent soil redeposition on fabric which has been washed with the detergent composition.
• carboxymethylated soy polysaccharide material developed in the present invention has better soil anti-redeposition properties in detergent compositions typically used for the washing of fabric than carboxymethylcellulose which has been added by the prior art to detergent compositions for preventing the redeposition of soil during washing.
• the material which is employed in the production of the soil anti-redeposition agent used in the detergent composition of the present invention comprises a soy polysaccharide material which itself comprises a mixture of residual high molecular weight sugars and protein and is normally obtained by the removal of soluble proteins and carbohydrates from soy flakes, meal or flour; the heterogeneous polysaccharides contained therein are principally cell wall structural components of the soybean cotyledons.
• This material is typically obtained as a by-product from the manufacture or production of a soy protein isolate and has hitherto been regarded as a waste or, at best, very low value product.
• the soy polysaccharide product has also been sometimes characterized as the aqueous alkaline- insoluble residue or "spent flake" fraction from soy isolate processing.
• the soybean starting material such as soy flakes, meal or flour
• the pH of the medium is adjusted to a value of at least 6.0, more commonly at least 7.0.
• the flakes, meal or flour is then washed with an aqueous alkaline solution and subjected to centrifugation.
• the soluble carbohydrate and protein components are dissolved in the aqueous extract and the solid residue comprises the bulk of the soy polysaccharide material in the soy flakes.
• This solid residue is sometimes referred to as the "spent flakes" residue and would be typically discarded as a waste product in a soy isolate process.
• the alkali-insoluble residue or solids is then customarily subjected to a second extraction with an aqueous alkali solution to exhaustively extract residual protein, after which all aqueous extracts containing soluble carbohydrates and protein are combined for further processing and subsequent acid reprecipitation of the protein isolate.
• the residual product from the extraction of soluble carbohydrates and protein may then be cooked, dried or further processed, for example, to remove extraneous material if desired.
• This soy polysaccharide product or fraction after it has been dried, is the preferred starting material for making the soil anti-redeposition agent of the present invention.
• soy polysaccharide material represents only a typical process for obtaining a soy polysaccharide material and the present invention is not intended to be limited by any specific process or manner of obtaining the soy polysaccharide material or spent flake fraction which can be used as a starting material in the present invention.
• the production of the soy polysaccharide material represents a conventional process known to those skilled in the art for the separation of protein material from soy flour, flakes or meal and other soy products.
• the soy polysaccharide material or spent flake fraction has a typical analysis after drying of: total carbohydrate content about 80% by weight; protein content about 12 to 16% by weight; and ash content about 4% by weight.
• This soy polysaccharide material generally comprises the many high molecular weight carbohydrate polymers contained in soybeans and, as previously noted, is normally used as a collective term to describe the fibrous carbohydrate material obtained from the cell wall structural components of soybeans, including soy flakes or meal.
• the soy polysaccharide material or spent flake fraction is preferably dried and ground prior to formation of the soil anti-redeposition agent which is used in the detergent composition of the present invention.
• the exact particle size to which the soy polysaccharide material is ground is not critical to the practice of the present invention, it is preferred for purposes of forming the carboxymethylated soy polysaccharide material that the soy polysaccharide material be ground to a particle size such that substantially all of it will pass a 100 mesh screen (Tyler).
• the soy polysaccharide fraction or material should, as previously noted, be dried, preferably to a moisture content which does not exceed about 12% by weight and preferably is between 6 and 10% by weight of the material.
• the present invention is not intended to be limited by the exact manner in which carboxymethylation of the soy polysaccharide material is carried out since a variety of conditions, reactants and equipment are well known to those skilled in the art.
• a preferred method of producing the carboxymethylated soy polysaccharide material is to add the ground, dried, soy polysaccharide fraction to an aliphatic alcohol, preferably a C 1 -C 6 alcohol, more preferably a C 1 -C 4 alcohol, such as methanol, ethanol, isopropanol or butanol, which acts as a reaction diluent, and preheat the mixture to a temperature of from 30 to 60°C, with mixing.
• the weight ratio of alcohol to polysaccharide material is preferably from 3:1 to 12:1 and more preferably about 7:1.
• alkali such as sodium or potassium hydroxide
• cellulose single glucose unit
• carboxymethylating agent such as monochloroacetic acid or suitable salt thereof
• the entire reaction mixture is preferably continuously agitated at a temperature of from 30 to 60°C, preferably for a period of from 1 to 8 hours, in order to provide substantial carboxymethylation of the soy polysaccharide material.
• the solids and reactants may be removed by washing with an alcohol (such as those exemplified above).
• the carboxymethylated soy material may be concentrated by filtration or centrifugation.
• the concentrated carboxymethylated soy material is then preferably dried in a conventional manner to form a product suitable for mixing with a detergent composition.
• the product will, in most cases, be the salt of the carboxymethylated soy polysaccharide material.
• This salt is preferably an alkali metal salt, particularly the sodium or potassium salt, although many other salts are possible.
• the sodium salt is generally most convenient.
• the detergent composition of the present invention is then formulated in the same way as conventional detergent compositions but employing the carboxymethylated soy material as the anti-redeposition agent in place of carboxymethylcellulose or other conventional agent.
• the detergent composition of the invention employs at least an organic, normally synthetic, detergent substance or surfactant which can be an anionic, nonionic, ampholytic or zwitterionic surfactant. A single one of these or two or more in combination may be employed to produce a detergent composition of the present invention.
• the anionic organic detergent compounds or anionic surface active agents can include detergent compounds which contain an organic hydrophobic group and an anionic solubilizing group.
• anionic solubilizing groups are the sulphonate, sulphate, carboxylate and phosphate groups.
• suitable anionic detergents which could be used in the invention include the water-soluble salts of higher fatty acids or resin acids, such as may be derived from fats, oils and waxes of animal or vegetable origin, and the sulphated and sulphonated synthetic detergents.
• the synthetic anionic detergents such as the higher alkyl aryl sulphonates (e.g. the higher alkyl benzene sulphonates) as well as the sulphates of higher alcohols, such as sodium lauryl sulphate.
• Nonionic synthetic detergent compounds do not ionize in solution and the whole molecule acts as the cleaning agent.
• the compounds which can be used in the present invention are those which can be broadly defined as compounds produced by the condensation of alkyl oxide groups (which are hydrophilic in nature) with an organic hydrophobic compound (which may be aliphatic or alkylaromatic in nature).
• the most widely used class of nonionic synthetic detergents includes those which are formed by condensing ethylene oxide or propylene oxide with a hydrophobic base.
• nonionic organic synthetic detergent compounds include the polyethylene oxide condensates of alkylphenols, as well as condensation products of materials such as ethylene oxide and the product resulting from the reaction of propylene oxide and ethylene diamine, the condensation product of aliphatic alcohols with ethylene oxide, long chain tertiary amine oxides and long chain alkyl phosphates.
• Ampholytic synthetic detergent compounds are mainly derivatives of aliphatic secondary or tertiary amines.
• An example of a specific compound within this general grouping is sodium 3-dodecylaminopropionate.
• Ampholytic surfactants have both positive and negative centres and can assume either a positive or negative charge depending on the pH of the solution.
• Zwitterionic synthetic detergent compounds behave somewhat like nonionic surfactants and most are derivatives of aliphatic, araliphatic and aromatic quaternary ammonium, phosphonium and sulphonium compounds. Examples of specific compounds falling within this definition are N-hexadecyl-N,N-dimethyl-N-propylammonium sulphonate and benzyl and phenyl analogues thereof, such compounds being especially preferred for their detergent characteristics in relatively cool water.
• the present invention is further not intended to be limited to the physical form of the detergent composition since it can be made into any of several commercially desirable physical forms including powder, granular, flake, liquid and tablet forms.
• the detergent composition of the present invention can further include conventional ingredients to improve other properties of the detergent composition. Included within this grouping of materials are the compounds described typically as water-soluble builder salts, such as phosphates, which are added to enhance the cleaning power of the detergent composition. Furthermore, various other materials may also be present, for example, materials to improve the detergency of the composition and to modify its foaming properties in whatever manner desired as well as other conventional additives, such as various optical brightening agents and fluorescent whitening agents. Germicidal ingredients may also be added to improve the overall cleaning or disinfecting properties of the detergent composition of the present invention. The present invention is not intended to be limited by the exact contents of the detergent composition of the present invention since numerous materials are well known and well within the knowledge of those skilled in the art in the production of detergents.
• carboxymethylated soy polysaccharide fraction is included as an essential ingredient of the detergent composition of the present invention.
• the carboxymethylated soy polysaccharide fraction is added to the detergent composition in an amount effective to improve soil removal and substantially prevent soil redeposition on fabric during its washing with the detergent composition.
• Typical amounts of carboxymethylated soy polysaccharide fraction to be used are from 0.5 to 5% (dry weight) of the detergent composition and more preferably from 1 to 2% (dry weight) of the detergent composition.
• carboxymethylated soy polysaccharide fraction developed in the present invention has been shown to result in a detergent composition which has improved soil anti-redeposition properties over detergent compositions which contain conventional soil anti-redeposition agents such as carboxymethylcellulose or other soluble polymeric materials.
• a soy polysaccharide material was obtained by forming an aqueous slurry of 100 lb (45 kg) of defatted soy flakes and adding thereto 1000 lb (453 kg) of water at 90°F (32°C). Sufficient calcium hydroxide was added to adjust the pH of the mixture to a value of 9.7. The soy flakes were extracted for 30 minutes, after which the aqueous solution containing dissolved protein and carbohydrates was separated from the extracted flakes by centrifugation. The extracted flake residue was then redispersed in 600 lb (272 kg) of water at a temperature of 90°F (32°C) and extracted for an additional 15 minutes.
• the extracted flakes were then removed by centrifugation from the mixture and the aqueous extracts were combined for the subsequent production of a soy protein isolate.
• the extracted or spent flakes were then dried to a moisture content of 9% by weight at an air temperature of 180°F (82°C) to produce a soy polysaccharide material used in preparing the soil removal and anti-redeposition agent of the present invention.
• the carboxymethylated soy polysaccharide material was then added to the following detergent composition at a level of 1% or 2% by weight of the composition (the amount of sodium sulphate was correspondingly 3% or 2% by weight).
• the detergent compositions containing the carboxymethylated soy polysaccharide material were then evaluated for effectiveness in preventing the redeposition of soil on fabric during washing.
• Wash time was 15 minutes, with two separate 2 minute rinses, a rinse temperature of 100°F (38°C) and a machine speed of 125 cycles/minute.
• the water had a hardness of 150 ppm and the detergent concentration was 0.15% by weight.
• the heating bath of the Terg-O-Tometer was filled with water, the heaters were turned on, and the thermostat was adjusted to hold the bath at the required temperature. Solutions of the desired water hardness were prepared. They were heated to a temperature about 5°F (3°C) higher than that required for the test.
• the soil redeposition index is calculated for each cloth by the following:
• the detergent composition set forth above was tested containing 1% by weight carboxymethylated soy polysaccharide and compared against a control detergent which contained 1% by weight of carboxymethylcellulose in place of the carboxymethylated soy polysaccharide.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Molecular Biology (AREA)
• Emergency Medicine (AREA)
• Detergent Compositions (AREA)

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Cited By (7)

Citations (4)

• 1984
  • 1984-11-16 AU AU35614/84A patent/AU3561484A/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1984-11-30 JP JP59252082A patent/JPS60135499A/ja active Pending
  • 1984-12-13 ES ES538558A patent/ES8608572A1/es not_active Expired
  • 1984-12-15 KR KR1019840008006A patent/KR850004610A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1984-12-17 EP EP84308830A patent/EP0146395A3/de not_active Withdrawn

Patent Citations (4)

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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