EP0144817B1 - Process for manufacturing wear-resistant running faces of combustion-engine cylinders - Google Patents
Process for manufacturing wear-resistant running faces of combustion-engine cylinders Download PDFInfo
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- EP0144817B1 EP0144817B1 EP84113675A EP84113675A EP0144817B1 EP 0144817 B1 EP0144817 B1 EP 0144817B1 EP 84113675 A EP84113675 A EP 84113675A EP 84113675 A EP84113675 A EP 84113675A EP 0144817 B1 EP0144817 B1 EP 0144817B1
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- Prior art keywords
- hardening
- cylinder
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- cylinder bore
- die
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 16
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 3
- 230000009183 running Effects 0.000 title description 5
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001154 acute effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims 1
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009931 harmful effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000008918 voyeurism Diseases 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/06—Surface hardening
- C21D1/09—Surface hardening by direct application of electrical or wave energy; by particle radiation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/08—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for tubular bodies or pipes
- C21D9/14—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for tubular bodies or pipes wear-resistant or pressure-resistant pipes
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F05C2203/00—Non-metallic inorganic materials
- F05C2203/04—Phosphor
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S148/00—Metal treatment
- Y10S148/902—Metal treatment having portions of differing metallurgical properties or characteristics
- Y10S148/903—Directly treated with high energy electromagnetic waves or particles, e.g. laser, electron beam
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S148/00—Metal treatment
- Y10S148/902—Metal treatment having portions of differing metallurgical properties or characteristics
- Y10S148/91—Metal treatment having portions of differing metallurgical properties or characteristics in pattern discontinuous in two dimensions, e.g. checkerboard pattern
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Cylinder Crankcases Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung verschleißfester Zylinderlaufflächen von Brennkraftmaschinen, die an aus legiertem, insbesondere auch phosphorarmen, Gußeisen gegossenen Zylindern bzw. Zylinderbuchsen durch jene in Oberbegriff des Hauptanspruchs angegebenen Verfahrensschritte geschaffen werden.The invention relates to a method for producing wear-resistant cylinder running surfaces of internal combustion engines which are created on cylinders or cylinder liners cast from alloyed, in particular also low-phosphorus, cast iron, by the method steps specified in the preamble of the main claim.
Ein solches Verfahren ist beispielsweise aus der US-PS-4 093 842 bekannt. Allgemeine Auskünfte über die Einsatzmöglichkeiten von Kohlendioxyd-Hochleistungslasern für eine Gußeisenhärtung sind auch aus der Zeitschrift "Maschinenmarkt", Würzburg, 86 (1980) 96, Seiten 1915-1918, bekannt.Such a method is known, for example, from US Pat. No. 4,093,842. General information about the possible uses of high-power carbon dioxide lasers for cast iron hardening is also known from the magazine "Maschinenmarkt", Würzburg, 86 (1980) 96, pages 1915-1918.
Bei Zylindern bzw. Zylinderbuchsen, die nach der bekannten Methode gehärtet wurden, lagen die Härtespuren entweder zu eng beieinander oder haben sich sogar teilweise überlappt. Dabei ergaben sich zwischen zwei Härtespuren bzw. bei aneinander angrenzenden oder sich überlappenden Härtespuren im angelassenen Bereich derselben Zugeigenspannungen, die so groß waren, daß während des Betriebes der Brennkraftmaschine durch die sich dann überlagernden Betriebsspannungen in den Zylinderbohrungswänden Risse mit einer Länge bis zu nehreren Zentimetern auftraten. Diese Risse waren zunächst nach den Härten und anschließenden Honen nicht vorhanden.In the case of cylinders or cylinder liners that were hardened using the known method, the hardening marks were either too close together or even partially overlapped. This resulted in two hardness traces or, in the case of adjacent or overlapping traces of hardness in the tempered area of the same tensile residual stresses, which were so large that cracks with a length of up to several centimeters occurred in the cylinder bore walls during operation of the internal combustion engine . These cracks were not present after hardness and subsequent honing.
Es ist daher Aufgabe der Erfindung das bekannte Verfahren in seiner Anwendung so zu verbessern daß sich in den Zylinderbohrungswänden während des Brennkraftmaschinenbetriebes keine Risse ergeben.It is therefore an object of the invention to improve the known method in its application so that there are no cracks in the cylinder bore walls during engine operation.
Diese Aufgabe ist bei einen Verfahren mit den eingangs angegebenen Verfahrensschritten erfindungsgemäß durch eine spezielle Ausführung bestimmter Verfahrensschritte gelöst, nämlich dadurch daß durch entsprechende Führung der Laserstrahlen relativ zu einer Zylinderbohrungswand schräg zur Zylinderachse verlaufende und einen spitzen Winkel von etwa 10° bis 60° mit letzterer einschließende Härtespuren erzeugt werden mit einem Randabstand X zwischen zwei benachbarten derselben, der so groß ist daß die dazwischen und in einem Abstand K vom Härtespur-Rand liegenden Maxima der im Maschinenbetrieb auftretenden Zugspannungen nicht zusammenfallen können und damit der Bedingung X ist größer als 2 - K gehorcht.This object is achieved according to the invention in a method with the method steps specified at the outset by a special execution of certain method steps, namely in that, by appropriate guiding of the laser beams relative to a cylinder bore wall, extending obliquely to the cylinder axis and including an acute angle of approximately 10 ° to 60 ° with the latter Hardness traces are generated with an edge distance X between two adjacent ones, which is so large that the maxima of the tensile stresses occurring in machine operation, which lie between them and at a distance K from the hardness edge, cannot coincide and thus the condition X is greater than 2 - K obeys .
Nachstehend ist das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren detailliert anhand der Zeichnung erläutert:The method according to the invention is explained in detail below with reference to the drawing:
In der Zeichnung zeigen:
- Fig. 1, 2 und 3 je ein Beispiel einer bekannten Anordnung von Härtespuren, die nach ebenfalls bekannter Art und Weise an Zylinderbohrungswänden durch Laserhärten erzeugt wurden
- Fig. 4 ein Beispiel für eine Anordnung und Ausbildung der Härtespuren nach Anwendung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens,
- Fig. 5 ein Zug-Druck-Diagramm, das den Spannungsverlauf in und zwischen zwei Härtespuren aufzeigt.
- 1, 2 and 3 each show an example of a known arrangement of hardness traces, which were also produced in a known manner on cylinder bore walls by laser hardening
- 4 shows an example of an arrangement and formation of the hardness traces after using the method according to the invention,
- Fig. 5 is a train-pressure diagram showing the stress curve in and between two hardness marks.
Die Zylinderlaufflächen von aus legiertem, und insbesondere auch phosphorarmen Gußeisen gegossenen Zylindern bzw. Zylinderbuchsen von Brennkraftmaschinen können durch nachfolgend beschriebene Verfahrensschritte verschleinfest gemacht werden.
- a) Jede Zylinderbohrung wird zunächst durch spanabhebende Bearbeitung für das spätere Härten vorbereitet, wobei zumindest die letzte Spanabnahne vorzugsweise durch Honen erfolgt. Anschließend besitzt die Zylinderbohrung im zu härtenden Bereich einen Durchmesser, der vorzugsweise um etwa 2/100 bis 5/100 mm kleiner als der gewünschte Enddurchmesser ist. Die Oberfläche der Zylinderobhrungswand besitzt dann vorzugsweise eine Rauhigkeit RZ 1511 ± 3 µ .
- b) Im zweiten Verfahrensschritt wird auf die Wandfläche der Zylinderbohrung ein Absorptionsmittel aufgebracht, das die Reflexion von Laserlicht auf wenige Prozent zu senken vermag.
- c) Im dritten Verfahrensschritt erfolgt das Härten der Zylinderbohrungswand im zu härtenden Bereich der Zylinderbohrung mittels Laserstrahlen, derart, daß sich Härtespuren mit in der Randzone des Gußeisens martensitischem Gefüge ergeben.
Gehärtet wird beispielsweise mit einem 5 kW-Kohlendioxyd-Laser. Dabei werden die Laserstrahlen relativ zur Zylinderbohrungswand geführt, derart, daß sich parallel nebeneinander und schraubenförmig verlaufende Härtespuren ergeben. Um dies zu erreichen, wird beispielsweise einerseits eine Zylinderbüchse durch eine Vorrichtung in ene kontinuierliche Drehbewegung versetzt andererseits die Laserapparatur in Richtung der Längsachse der Zylinderbuchse verschoben, wobei deren Vorschubgeschwindigkeit an die Drehgeschwindigkeit der Zylinderbuchse für die gewünschte Steigung der Härtespuren angepaßt ist.
Verwendet wird für das Härten vorzugsweise ein mit einem Integrator geformter Laserstrahl der eine Härtespur mit rechteckigen Querschnitt, und ein gleichmäßiges Strahlintensitäts-Verteilungsprofil für die Einhärtung erzeugen kann. Die Einhärtetiefe ist regelbar und liegt vorzugsweise zwischen 0,5 mm und 1,3 mm.
Die 1, 2 und 3 zeigen jeweilsFiguren Härtespuren 1 mit einer Breite a in bekannter Anordnung und Zuordnung zueinander. Alle diese drei bekannten Anordnungen haben sich als nachteilig erwiesen, wie eingangs erläutert. Bei der in Fig. 1 dargestellten Anordnung der Härtespuren sind diese zwar voneinander beabstandet, jedoch nicht so weit, daß sich die Zugeigenspannungen nicht gegenseitig beeinflussen, d.h. überlagern könnten. Der Randabstand b zwischen zwei benachbarten Härtespuren 1 ist mithin zu klein gewesen. Bei der anderen bekannten, aus Fig. 2 ersichtlichen Anordnung mit unmittelbar aneinanderangrenzenden Härtespuren 1 ist die Beeinflussung derselben untereinander noch größer als im Falle der Ausführung gemäß Fig.1 weil sich deren Zugeigenspannungen jeweils in den angelassenen gestrichelt dargestellten und mit c bezeichneten Randzonen noch stärker überlagert hatten. Als besonders nachteilig erwies sich jedoch jene Anordnung derHärtespuren 1, wie in Fig. 3 gezeigt. In diesem Fall überlappten sich dieHärtespuren 1 in ihren Randzonen wobei die jeweiligen Überdeckungsbereiche mit d und die angelassenen Bereiche mit e bezeichnet sind. Durch diese Überlappung zweier benachbarter Härtespuren ergeben sich die stärksten Beeinflussungen der auftretenden Zugeigenspannungen, weil dann meist deren Maxima zusammenfallen und diese sich addieren.
Um solche gegenseitige Einflußnahmen der Zugeigenspannungen der Härtespuren zu vermeiden, werden nun erfindungsgemäß durch entsprechende Führung der Laserstrahlen relativ zurZylinderbohrungswand 2Härtespuren 4 erzeugt, die wie aus Fig.4 ersichtlich - parallel zueinander und schräg zur Zylinderachse 3 verlaufen sowie mit dieser einen spitzen Winkel a einschließen. Dieser Winkel a wird in der Regel in einem Bereich von etwa 10° bis 60° liegen.
Entsprechend einem weiteren Kriterium der Erfindung sind dieHärtespuren 4 so weit voneinander beabstandet, daß jeweils zwischen zwei benachbarten derselben ein Randabstand X gegeben ist, der so groß ist, daß die dazwischen und in einem Abstand K vom Härtespur-Rand liegenden Maxima der im Maschinenbetrieb auftretenden Zugspannungen nicht zusammenfallen können, und damit der Bedingung X ist grösser als 2 - K gehorchen. Die Breite f der erfindungsgemäß schräg zur Zylinderachse 3verlaufenden Härtespuren 4 ist frei wählbar und je nach Anwendungsfall den Erfordernissen anzupassen. - d) Nach dem Härten erfolgt ein Honen der
Zylinderbohrungswände 2 auf Enddurchmesser zum Erhalt der Zylinderlaufflächen, wobei jene Materialerhebungen abgetragen werden, die sich beim Härten bei der Gefügeumwandlung in martensitische Struktur ergeben hatten. Die Zylinderbohrungswände besitzen anschließend Härtespuren vorzugsweise mit einer Oberflächenrauhigkeit RZ 6 µ + 3 µ und R3Z 2 µ bis 4 11. Je nach Anwendungsfall kann es zweckmäßig sein, diegehärteten Zylinderbohrungswände 2 anzulassen, um eine Vergleichmäßigung des Eigenspannungsniveaus zu erreichen und eine Restaustenitbildung teilweise vorwegzunehmen. Dieses Anlassen kann beispielsweise bei einer Temperatur von 200° C über eine Zeit von größer / gleich 5 Stunden erfolgen. Dabei werden Spannungsspitzen abgebaut auf ein insgesamt niedrigeres Eigenspannungsniveau.
Durch den erfindungsgemäßen Schrägverlauf derHärtespuren 4 zur Zylinderachse 3 und den Randabstand X zwischen zweibenachbarten Härtespuren 4, so wie weiter vorn bereits angegeben, ergeben sich im Betrieb der Brennkraftmaschine in derZylinderbohrungswand 2 Spannungsverläufe wie aus Fig. 5 ersichtlich. Im dort dargestellten Zug-Druck-Diagramm sind senkrecht zur Abszisse die nach der Erfindung angeordneten undbeabstandeten Härtespuren 4 aufgetragen. Auf der Ordinate sind in der mit einem Fluszeichen versehenen Richtung die sich in derZylinderbohrungswand 2 ausbildenden Zugspannungen aufgetragen, während in der mit einem Minuszeichen versehenen Richtung die in derZylinderbohrungswand 2 wirkenden Druckspannungen aufgetragen sind. Die Spannungsverläufe selbst, die sich während des Betriebes der Brennkraftmaschine mit ständig wechselndem Vorzeichen in einerZylinderbohrungswand 2 ergeben, sind in Fig. 5 durchSpannungsverlaufslinien 5 und 6 aufgetragen. Dabei wird ersichtlich, daß die Druckmaxima 7 bzw. 8 derSpannungsverläufe 5 bzw. 6 innerhalb der jeweiligen Härtespur 4 liegen; die Zugspannungen wirken jedoch nicht nur innerhalb derHärtespuren 4, sondern auch außerhalb zwischen zwei derselben im ungeharteten Bereich derZylinderbohrungswand 2 in welchem Bereich auch dieZugspannungsmaxima 9 bzw. 10 der beidenSpannungsverläufe 5 bzw. 6 jeweils im Abstand K vom Rand einer Härtespur 4 entfernt liegen. DieseZugspannungsmaxima 9 bzw. 10 liegen wie umfangreiche Forschungen erweisen haben, je nach Zylinderbuchsenwerkstoff und Einhärtetiefe unterschiedlich aber immer in einem gewissen Abstand K kleiner / gleich 2 mm vom Rand einer Härtespur 4 entfernt. Durch die erfindungsgemäße Festlegung nämlich daß der Randabstand zweierbenachbarter Härtespuren 4 nicht kleiner als 2 - K ist, wird sichergestellt daß sich dieSpannungsverläufe 5 und 6 niemals so überlagern können daß deren Maxima 9 und 10 zusammenfallen und sie sich dann in schädlicher Weise addieren könnten. Der Randabstand X zweierbenachbarter Härtespuren 4 muß daher immer großer als 2 - K sein. Hierdurch ist gewährleistet, daß sich im Betrieb der Brennkraftmaschine in einerZylinderbohrungswand 2 weder Mikrorisse noch Makrorisse ausbilden können.
- a) Each cylinder bore is first prepared for subsequent hardening by machining, at least the last machining being preferably done by honing. The cylinder bore in the area to be hardened then has a diameter which is preferably approximately 2/100 to 5/100 mm smaller than the desired final diameter. The surface of the cylinder bore wall then preferably has a roughness RZ 1511 ± 3 μ.
- b) In the second process step, an absorbent is applied to the wall surface of the cylinder bore, which is able to reduce the reflection of laser light to a few percent.
- c) In the third process step, the cylinder bore wall is hardened in the region of the cylinder bore to be hardened by means of laser beams, such that there are traces of hardening with a martensitic structure in the edge zone of the cast iron.
Hardening is carried out, for example, with a 5 kW carbon dioxide laser. The laser beams are guided relative to the cylinder bore wall in such a way that there are helical traces of hardness running parallel to one another. In order to achieve this, for example, a cylinder liner is set in a continuous rotary movement by a device, on the one hand, and the laser apparatus is displaced in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the cylinder liner, the feed speed of which is adapted to the rotational speed of the cylinder liner for the desired slope of the hardening marks.
For hardening, a laser beam shaped with an integrator is preferably used, which can produce a hardening track with a rectangular cross-section and a uniform beam intensity distribution profile for hardening. The hardening depth is adjustable and is preferably between 0.5 mm and 1.3 mm.
Figures 1, 2 and 3 each show traces ofhardness 1 with a width a in a known arrangement and assignment to each other. All of these three known arrangements have proven to be disadvantageous, as explained at the beginning. In the arrangement of the hardness traces shown in FIG. 1, these are spaced apart from one another, but not to such an extent that the tensile residual stresses cannot influence one another, that is to say they can overlap. The Edge distance b between two adjacent hardness marks 1 has therefore been too small. In the other known arrangement shown in FIG. 2 with immediately adjacent hardness traces 1, the influencing of the latter is even greater than in the case of the embodiment according to FIG. 1 because their tensile residual stresses are even stronger in the annealed dashed border areas indicated by c had overlaid. However, that arrangement of the hardness traces 1, as shown in FIG. 3, proved to be particularly disadvantageous. In this case, the hardness traces 1 overlapped in their edge zones, the respective overlap areas being designated by d and the tempered areas by e. This overlapping of two adjacent traces of hardness results in the strongest influences on the residual tensile stresses occurring, because then their maxima usually coincide and these add up.
In order to avoid such mutual influences of the residual tensile stresses of the hardness traces, 2 hardness traces 4 are now produced according to the invention by appropriate guidance of the laser beams relative to the cylinder borewall 2, which, as can be seen in FIG lock in. This angle a will generally be in a range from approximately 10 ° to 60 °.
According to a further criterion of the invention, the hardness tracks 4 are spaced so far apart that there is an edge distance X between each two adjacent ones that is so large that the maxima of the machine operation occurring between and at a distance K from the hardness track edge Tensile stresses cannot coincide, and thus the condition X is greater than 2 - obey. The width f of the hardness traces 4 which run obliquely to the cylinder axis 3 according to the invention is freely selectable and, depending on the application, can be adapted to the requirements. - d) After hardening, the
cylinder bore walls 2 are honed to the final diameter in order to maintain the cylinder running surfaces, and those material elevations are removed which had resulted during the hardening during the structural transformation into a martensitic structure. The cylinder bore walls then have hardness traces, preferably with a surface roughness ofRZ 6 µ + 3 µ andR 3Z 2 µ to 4 1 1. Depending on the application, it may be appropriate to leave the hardenedcylinder bore walls 2 in order to achieve an equalization of the residual stress level and a partial formation of residual austenite anticipate. This tempering can take place, for example, at a temperature of 200 ° C. for a period of 5 hours or more. Stress peaks are reduced to an overall lower residual stress level.
Due to the inclined course of the hardness traces 4 to the cylinder axis 3 and the edge distance X between two adjacent hardness traces 4, as already stated above, during operation of theinternal combustion engine 2 voltage curves result in the cylinder bore wall, as can be seen in FIG. 5. In the train-pressure diagram shown there, perpendicularly to the abscissa, the hardness tracks 4 arranged and spaced apart according to the invention are plotted. The tensile stresses which form in the cylinder borewall 2 are plotted on the ordinate in the direction provided with a flow sign, while the compressive stresses acting in the cylinder borewall 2 are plotted in the direction provided with a minus sign. The voltage profiles themselves, which result during the operation of the internal combustion engine with a constantly changing sign in acylinder bore wall 2, are plotted in FIG. 5 by means of 5 and 6. It can be seen that thevoltage profile lines pressure maxima 7 and 8 of the 5 and 6 lie within thevoltage profiles respective hardness track 4; However, the tensile stresses act not only within the hardness traces 4, but also outside between two of them in the unhardened area of the cylinder borewall 2, in which area the 9 and 10 of the twotensile stress maxima 5 and 6 are each at a distance K from the edge of astress profiles hardness track 4 lie. These 9 and 10 are, as extensive research has shown, different depending on the cylinder liner material and hardening depth but always at a certain distance K less than / equal to 2 mm from the edge of atensile stress maxima hardness track 4. By the inventive definition namely that the edge distance between two adjacent hardness traces 4 is not less than 2 - K, it is ensured that the 5 and 6 can never overlap so that theirvoltage profiles 9 and 10 coincide and they could then add together in a harmful manner. The edge distance X between two adjacent hardness traces 4 must therefore always be greater than 2K. This ensures that, during operation of the internal combustion engine, neither micro cracks nor macro cracks can form in amaxima cylinder bore wall 2.
Claims (2)
the hardening tracks (4) form an angle of approximately 10° to 60° with the cylinder axis (3), and two adjacent hardening tracks (4) have between them an edge spacing (X) which is so large that the maxima of the tensile stresses occurring during operation of the engines, which lie between and at a distance (K) from the hardening track edges, can not coincide and hence obey the condition (X) is greater than 2 . K.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE3343783A DE3343783C1 (en) | 1983-12-03 | 1983-12-03 | Process for the production of wear-resistant cylinder running surfaces of internal combustion engines |
DE3343783 | 1983-12-03 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0144817A2 EP0144817A2 (en) | 1985-06-19 |
EP0144817A3 EP0144817A3 (en) | 1985-07-10 |
EP0144817B1 true EP0144817B1 (en) | 1988-04-06 |
Family
ID=6215970
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP84113675A Expired EP0144817B1 (en) | 1983-12-03 | 1984-11-13 | Process for manufacturing wear-resistant running faces of combustion-engine cylinders |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4617070A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0144817B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPH072970B2 (en) |
DE (2) | DE3343783C1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES8600784A1 (en) |
FI (1) | FI76120C (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE4229092C1 (en) * | 1992-09-01 | 1993-09-09 | Man B & W Diesel Ag, 86153 Augsburg, De | Reducing the bore of cylinder liners - by transformation of austenite into martensite over a certain bore region |
Families Citing this family (32)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3343783C1 (en) * | 1983-12-03 | 1984-07-05 | M.A.N. Maschinenfabrik Augsburg-Nürnberg AG, 8900 Augsburg | Process for the production of wear-resistant cylinder running surfaces of internal combustion engines |
IT1176705B (en) * | 1984-09-13 | 1987-08-18 | Saipem Spa | PROCEDURE PERFECTED FOR SURFACE HARDENING OF THE JOINTS OF THE DRILLING AUCTIONS AND AUCTIONS SO OBTAINED |
SE450151B (en) * | 1985-11-21 | 1987-06-09 | Ffv Transmission Ab | DEVICE WITH CONTROLLED FRICTION AND PROCEDURE TO RECEIVE CONTROL FRICTION BY SUCH A DEVICE |
FR2594851A1 (en) * | 1986-02-25 | 1987-08-28 | Cegedur | METAL PARTS WITH AT LEAST SIDE OF AT LEAST ONE AREA OF WEAR-RESISTANT ZONES |
IT1215207B (en) * | 1986-12-19 | 1990-01-31 | Fiat Auto Spa | PROCEDURE FOR THE CREATION OF LARGE CAST IRON MOLDS, PARTICULARLY FOR THE MOLDING OF VEHICLE SHEETS |
DE3825472A1 (en) * | 1988-07-27 | 1990-02-01 | Ver Kesselwerke Ag | STEAM GENERATING SYSTEM WITH HEAT EXCHANGER TUBES |
US5081086A (en) * | 1988-12-29 | 1992-01-14 | Uop | Solid phosphoric acid catalyst |
DE3926571C1 (en) * | 1989-08-11 | 1990-04-26 | Mercedes-Benz Aktiengesellschaft, 7000 Stuttgart, De | Inductor head for piston engines - consists of inductor loop following periphery of cylinder around radial laminated yokes |
US5073212A (en) * | 1989-12-29 | 1991-12-17 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Method of surface hardening of turbine blades and the like with high energy thermal pulses, and resulting product |
GB2257163B (en) * | 1991-07-02 | 1995-04-05 | Res & Dev Min Def Gov In | A process for improving fatigue crack growth resistance |
DE4124644A1 (en) * | 1991-07-25 | 1993-01-28 | Audi Ag | Hardening internal surface of esp. cylinders - using structured rollers to heat surface by electro-resistance heating and movement of roller electrode over workpiece surface |
DE4241527A1 (en) * | 1992-12-10 | 1994-06-16 | Opel Adam Ag | Process for hardening and possibly smoothing machine components as well as machine components manufactured according to this process |
DE4421238C2 (en) * | 1994-06-17 | 1996-07-11 | Fraunhofer Ges Forschung | Process for the production of wear-resistant, rotatingly moving wire, rope and / or wire rope contact surfaces, in particular surfaces of wire drawing drums from wire drawing machines or similar transport rollers or drums |
US6350326B1 (en) | 1996-01-15 | 2002-02-26 | The University Of Tennessee Research Corporation | Method for practicing a feedback controlled laser induced surface modification |
US5879480A (en) * | 1997-07-25 | 1999-03-09 | The Timken Company | Process for imparting residual compressive stresses to steel machine components |
FR2777019B1 (en) * | 1998-04-03 | 2000-06-23 | Peugeot | METHOD OF TREATING A SURFACE OF A CAST IRON, AND USES THEREOF |
US6139462A (en) * | 1998-08-27 | 2000-10-31 | American Axle & Manufacturing, Inc. | Differential with laser hardened case |
US6294225B1 (en) | 1999-05-10 | 2001-09-25 | The University Of Tennessee Research Corporation | Method for improving the wear and corrosion resistance of material transport trailer surfaces |
US6173886B1 (en) | 1999-05-24 | 2001-01-16 | The University Of Tennessee Research Corportion | Method for joining dissimilar metals or alloys |
US6299707B1 (en) | 1999-05-24 | 2001-10-09 | The University Of Tennessee Research Corporation | Method for increasing the wear resistance in an aluminum cylinder bore |
US6497985B2 (en) | 1999-06-09 | 2002-12-24 | University Of Tennessee Research Corporation | Method for marking steel and aluminum alloys |
US6423162B1 (en) | 1999-07-02 | 2002-07-23 | The University Of Tennesse Research Corporation | Method for producing decorative appearing bumper surfaces |
US6284067B1 (en) | 1999-07-02 | 2001-09-04 | The University Of Tennessee Research Corporation | Method for producing alloyed bands or strips on pistons for internal combustion engines |
US6218642B1 (en) * | 1999-07-12 | 2001-04-17 | J. F. Helmold & Bro., Inc. | Laser hardened steel cutting rule |
US6328026B1 (en) | 1999-10-13 | 2001-12-11 | The University Of Tennessee Research Corporation | Method for increasing wear resistance in an engine cylinder bore and improved automotive engine |
US6229111B1 (en) | 1999-10-13 | 2001-05-08 | The University Of Tennessee Research Corporation | Method for laser/plasma surface alloying |
EP1249505A1 (en) * | 2001-04-12 | 2002-10-16 | Index-Werke Gmbh & Co. Kg Hahn & Tessky | Process for hardening a surface area of a workpiece |
JP4481863B2 (en) * | 2005-04-12 | 2010-06-16 | 日立建機株式会社 | Cylinder block for hydraulic rotating machine |
US20070116889A1 (en) * | 2005-11-18 | 2007-05-24 | Federal Mogul World Wide, Inc. | Laser treatment of metal |
US8322004B2 (en) * | 2009-04-29 | 2012-12-04 | Caterpilar Inc. | Indirect laser induced residual stress in a fuel system component and fuel system using same |
DE102017204720A1 (en) * | 2017-03-21 | 2018-09-27 | Mahle International Gmbh | Cylinder liner |
US11536218B1 (en) * | 2021-10-14 | 2022-12-27 | Caterpillar Inc. | Method and system for a cylinder liner |
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DE920135C (en) * | 1951-06-22 | 1954-11-15 | Rheinische Roehrenwerke Ag | Process for the production of wear-resistant linkage pipe connectors and sleeves for oil field pipes |
GB1507205A (en) * | 1974-07-12 | 1978-04-12 | Caterpillar Tractor Co | Apparatus for heat treating an internal bore in a workpiece |
US4093842A (en) * | 1976-01-19 | 1978-06-06 | General Motors Corporation | Ported engine cylinder with selectively hardened bore |
US4304978A (en) * | 1978-10-05 | 1981-12-08 | Coherent, Inc. | Heat treating using a laser |
JPS55164745A (en) * | 1979-05-22 | 1980-12-22 | Nippon Piston Ring Co Ltd | Cylinder and cylinder liner |
US4313771A (en) * | 1980-02-29 | 1982-02-02 | Xerox Corporation | Laser hardening of steel work pieces |
FI802179A (en) * | 1980-07-07 | 1982-01-08 | Valmet Oy | FOER FARANDE OCH ANORDNING I FRAMSTAELLNINGEN AV FOEREMAOL AV GJUTJAERN MED HAORD YTA I SYNNERHET AV VALSAR SAOSOM VALSAR FOER STAOLINDUSTRIN ELLER PAPPERSKALANDRERINGSVALSAR SAMT ENLIGT FOERFARANDET EL |
IT1155601B (en) * | 1982-02-12 | 1987-01-28 | Fiat Ricerche | METHOD FOR REALIZING A BASE OF AN ALTERNATIVE ENDOTHERMAL MOTOR AND BASE MADE WITH SUCH PROCEDURE |
JPS59212572A (en) * | 1983-05-14 | 1984-12-01 | Teikoku Piston Ring Co Ltd | Cylinder with inner periphery subjected treatment by laser hardening |
DE3343783C1 (en) * | 1983-12-03 | 1984-07-05 | M.A.N. Maschinenfabrik Augsburg-Nürnberg AG, 8900 Augsburg | Process for the production of wear-resistant cylinder running surfaces of internal combustion engines |
-
1983
- 1983-12-03 DE DE3343783A patent/DE3343783C1/en not_active Expired
-
1984
- 1984-11-13 DE DE8484113675T patent/DE3470328D1/en not_active Expired
- 1984-11-13 EP EP84113675A patent/EP0144817B1/en not_active Expired
- 1984-11-26 ES ES537972A patent/ES8600784A1/en not_active Expired
- 1984-11-30 FI FI844728A patent/FI76120C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1984-12-03 US US06/677,172 patent/US4617070A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1984-12-03 JP JP59254279A patent/JPH072970B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE4229092C1 (en) * | 1992-09-01 | 1993-09-09 | Man B & W Diesel Ag, 86153 Augsburg, De | Reducing the bore of cylinder liners - by transformation of austenite into martensite over a certain bore region |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FI76120B (en) | 1988-05-31 |
FI76120C (en) | 1988-09-09 |
FI844728L (en) | 1985-06-04 |
JPH072970B2 (en) | 1995-01-18 |
EP0144817A3 (en) | 1985-07-10 |
DE3470328D1 (en) | 1988-05-11 |
US4617070A (en) | 1986-10-14 |
DE3343783C1 (en) | 1984-07-05 |
ES537972A0 (en) | 1985-11-01 |
FI844728A0 (en) | 1984-11-30 |
ES8600784A1 (en) | 1985-11-01 |
EP0144817A2 (en) | 1985-06-19 |
JPS60135527A (en) | 1985-07-18 |
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