EP0144507B1 - Silo with dual mixing chambers - Google Patents

Silo with dual mixing chambers Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0144507B1
EP0144507B1 EP84108034A EP84108034A EP0144507B1 EP 0144507 B1 EP0144507 B1 EP 0144507B1 EP 84108034 A EP84108034 A EP 84108034A EP 84108034 A EP84108034 A EP 84108034A EP 0144507 B1 EP0144507 B1 EP 0144507B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
silo
chamber
mixing
chambers
dividing wall
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EP84108034A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0144507A3 (en
EP0144507A2 (en
Inventor
Werner Krauss
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Claudius Peters AG
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Claudius Peters AG
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Priority to AT84108034T priority Critical patent/ATE33561T1/en
Publication of EP0144507A2 publication Critical patent/EP0144507A2/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F33/00—Other mixers; Mixing plants; Combinations of mixers
    • B01F33/40—Mixers using gas or liquid agitation, e.g. with air supply tubes
    • B01F33/4092—Storing receptacles provided with separate mixing chambers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a double silo with an inner silo part and an outer silo part which surrounds it in a ring and is separated from it by an essentially vertical silo partition and with a vented, annular emptying chamber arranged on the bottom in the inner silo part for the silo space formed in the outer silo part. which is connected to it via a large number of openings near the floor in the silo partition.
  • the inner part of the silo has annular embankment surfaces, under which the annular emptying chamber for the outer silo space is arranged. This is intended to create good extraction conditions for the outer silo space, which are as favorable as those in the inner silo space, the extraction devices of which are centrally located.
  • the well-known silo is not intended for a mixing function, which among other things this shows that no mixing chamber is assigned to the inner silo space and that the annular emptying chamber for the outer silo space neither has the strong ventilation that would be necessary for the homogenization of the material in a mixing chamber, nor the height that is needed for the volume expansion of the material being homogenized in a mixing chamber.
  • the known emptying chamber is not a mixing chamber; Because a mixing chamber is understood to mean a relaxed emptying chamber connected downstream of a silo room, which has such a height and strong ventilation that the material removed from the silo not only simply passes through this chamber, but is also circulated in considerable volume therein by ventilation of different strengths and thereby is homogenized (DE-PS 15 07 888). Such mixing chambers are therefore also referred to as homogenizing chambers. - The double silo mentioned above has among other things proven to be particularly useful because it combines good emptying capacity of both silo spaces with good static properties.
  • the invention has for its object to provide such a silo arrangement in which mixing chambers are connected downstream of the two silo spaces.
  • the annular chamber includes a central chamber connected to the silo space formed in the inner silo part via an essentially vertical chamber partition wall, and that both chambers are designed as vented mixing chambers.
  • the vertical silo partition can be left untouched as an important static element.
  • the outer part of the silo can also be left in its simple shape, which sits directly on the grown soil or the main silo floor. Because of the not inconsiderable height of a mixing chamber, it must be accepted that the height usable for the inner silo space is reduced accordingly, so that its diameter has to be increased in order to maintain a predetermined volume. Accordingly, the horizontal components delimiting the inner silo space at the bottom are correspondingly more extensive and therefore more structurally problematic, and because of the mixing chambers to be arranged underneath, the direct support from the grown ground or the main silo floor is withdrawn.
  • the annular chamber is divided into a plurality of separate chambers, the radial partition walls located between these separate chambers representing additional stiffening ribs.
  • An embodiment is particularly expedient in which the inner silo space is connected to the inner mixing chamber via at least one spacious shaft that leads down to near the bottom of the inner mixing chamber.
  • several shafts are provided which are evenly distributed over the circumference and open to the inner silo space with a relatively large cross-sectional area, which preferably accounts for at least about 5%, more preferably at least about 10%, of the inner silo floor area. Since the shafts then have dimensions on the order of several meters in each direction, erge there are no afterflow problems.
  • the shaft floors are stronger than the other surfaces delimiting the inner silo space downwards and, if necessary, can be alternately ventilated, so that those involved in a mixing chamber silo play a key role in the mixing effect Drum formation within the main silo room starts from the shafts.
  • the mixing chambers assigned to the two silo spaces can expediently be equipped with extraction devices which can be operated independently of one another. However, it can also be advantageous if they can be connected to one another instead or in addition. The latter is useful, for example, if the same or to be mixed goods are stored in both silo rooms.
  • the arrangement can also be such that the mixing chambers are connected in series, that is to say that the material which has first passed through one mixing chamber then passes into the other mixing chamber and is homogenized there with the material originating from the other silo room .
  • the mixing chambers can be constructed in a cascade shape, i.e. their partition wall in the upper area contains at least one overflow opening through which the material flowing up in the mixing chamber that initially flows overflows into the second mixing chamber.
  • the main silo floor 2 which is designed as a common base plate for all silo parts, rests on the foundation 1 via suitable supports. It could also be arranged on the grown floor, which would require a slightly different but known discharge arrangement.
  • the cylindrical outer wall 3 of the silo rises and concentrically to it the equally cylindrical partition wall 4. In between is the annular outer silo space 5, while the inner silo space 6 is located inside the silo partition wall. Both silo rooms are closed by the silo ceiling 7 above.
  • the floor of the outer silo room 5 is formed by the main silo floor 2.
  • the lower boundary of the inner silo space 6 is largely at such a height above the main silo floor 2 that the height necessary for mixing chambers is present in between.
  • a cylindrical wall 9, arranged concentrically with the silo walls 3, 4, divides an inner mixing chamber 10 and an outer, partially annular mixing chamber 11. It is therefore referred to here as a chamber partition 9. At most of its height, it is cylindrically closed, as can be seen in FIG. 4. Together with the silo partition 4, it therefore forms excellent structural conditions for the support of the chamber ceilings 8, which carry the contents of the inner silo space 6.
  • the chamber partition 9 is connected to the silo partition 4 by wall pairs 12 on two diametrically opposite sides.
  • the chamber partition 9 has passage openings 14 in the area near the bottom.
  • the material stored in the main silo room 6 can therefore flow through the two shafts 13 and the passage openings 14 into the inner mixing chamber 10 if it is sufficiently fluidized by floor ventilation.
  • Ventilation devices 15 on the bottom of the shafts 13 serve this purpose.
  • ventilation devices 16 are provided on the chamber ceilings 8, which promote the mass flow of the material to the shafts 13.
  • the same purpose is served by a conical embankment 17 above the inner mixing chamber 10 and saddle-shaped embankments 18 over a diameter running transversely to the shafts 13, which also receive lines 19 for venting the inner mixing chamber 10, which are connected to ventilation lines 20 which are connected to the silo partition 4 held in the upper silo and there are open at 21.
  • the inner mixing chamber 10 is designed on the bottom with ventilation 22, which can be vigorously and zone-wise differently ventilated to homogenize the material contained therein, so that the material is strongly circulated therein with good mixing effects before it leaves the mixing chamber through the outlet opening 23, which leads to the Avoiding short-circuit currents has a raised edge 24.
  • the outlet opening 23 leads to a discharge line 25 via suitable closure members.
  • the mixing effect of a mixing chamber silo is essentially based on two mixing processes.
  • the first mixing process takes place in the silo room when, due to the zone-wise stronger ventilation and product discharge from the more ventilated zone, a so-called discharge stream forms above it, in which the product from different stored product layers converges.
  • the second mixing process is the homogenization of the material extracted from the main silo room in the mixing chamber.
  • the trumpets in the inner silo space 6 are expediently emanated from the shafts 13 by pressurizing their ventilation devices 15 with compressed air more than the ventilation devices 16 in the inner silo room.
  • the strength of the ventilation is adjusted to such an extent that there is only a limited flow of material from the silo space into the mixing chamber so that it is not flooded hydrostatically. This is possible because the shafts 13, even with limited loosening of the material contained therein and above them in the silo space, for a uniform flow of the material to the mixing chamber worry, even if uneven movements of goods (bridging, breakdowns) can be expected due to the poor ventilation in the main silo room.
  • the ventilation devices 15 in the shafts 13 can be operated alternately in order to form changing mixed flows in the inner silo space 6.
  • parts of the ventilation devices 16 are designed for zone-wise stronger ventilation and trombone formation if the load on both sides of the shafts 13 in the inner silo space on the chamber ceilings 8 otherwise does not participate sufficiently well in the removal of the goods can be.
  • more than two shafts 13 can also be provided for withdrawing the material from the silo space into the mixing chamber, for example three or four shafts evenly distributed over the circumference.
  • the shaft walls 12 divide two approximately semi-annular chambers 11 from each other, which are connected to the outer silo space 5 via bottom through openings 26 and form the mixing chambers for the latter. If more than two shafts 13 are provided, the number of these partially annular outer mixing chambers also increases accordingly.
  • Ventilation devices 27 provided on the bottom of the outer silo space 5 lead through the passage openings 26 into the outer mixing chambers, in which ventilation devices 28 are provided for zone-by-zone different, intensive homogenization ventilation.
  • the ventilation devices 27 in the outer silo space can expediently be operated zone by zone with different intensities in order to enable the above-mentioned formation of discharge streams also in the outer silo space.
  • the outer mixing chambers 11 are vented through the lines 20 and have outlet openings 29 which, in order to avoid short-circuit flow, have a raised collar 30 and lead to a discharge line via suitable closure members. In the example shown it is provided that they lead into the same discharge line 25 as the outlet opening 23 of the inner mixing chamber.
  • An example of this is the storage of raw meal for cement production.
  • the targeted use of the mixing possibilities provided by the two silo spaces allows a long-term compensation of fluctuations in composition than would be possible if only a correspondingly larger silo were used.
  • the mixing chambers can be interconnected in a so-called cascade by 9 overflow openings in the upper area of the chamber partition 31 are provided, which enable the following procedure, illustrated in FIG. 1.
  • the material originating from the outer silo space is homogenized in the outer mixing chamber and is then not drawn off via the outlet opening 29, but instead continuously flows through the passage opening 31 into the inner mixing chamber through a correspondingly high setting of the level of the material in the outer mixing chamber , so that not only the material originating from the inner silo space 6, but also the material overflowing from the outside is located in the inner mixing chamber, is homogenized there and can finally be drawn off through the outlet opening 23.
  • the reverse procedure could of course also be used.
  • the setting of the mixing level in the chamber from which the material is to flow into the other chamber is done by adjusting the ventilation strength.
  • the compressors provided for supplying the ventilation devices 22, 28 and possibly also 13, 27 can be regulated accordingly, so that by adjusting the ventilation, the amount of material overflowing from the one mixing chamber into the other mixing chamber and thus the mixing ratio can be adjusted.
  • Known distribution devices 32 can be used for the storage of the goods in the silo rooms. If the silo rooms work independently of each other, the distributor shown is of course set so that only one or the other silo room is loaded alternatively. The same applies if the silo rooms are operated as a network and fluctuations in the composition of one and the same good are to be compensated for by phase-shifted storage in the two silo rooms or phase-shifted deduction therefrom. However, both silo rooms can also be loaded parallel to each other.
  • the advantages of the invention are, on the one hand, that large silo volumes are provided under very statically favorable conditions in a very compact silo construction.
  • the cell construction shown with a plurality of cylinders arranged one inside the other and connected to one another results in high strength and thus makes it possible, for example in the case of silo diameters of over 20 m, to dispense with the prestressing of the reinforcement normally required, which saves considerable costs.
  • the span of the ceilings is much smaller, so that advantageous cost conditions also arise here.
  • Further advantages relate to the conditions of storage, withdrawal and mixing options. Since the horizontal paths are comparatively short in each silo room, a uniform mass flow can be achieved and thus a good use of the available silo room.

Abstract

Double silo with an inner silo part and an outer silo part which surrounds it annularly. A central mixing chamber for the material emanating from the inner silo area and an annular mixing chamber for the material emanating from the outer silo area are located within the silo dividing wall separating the two silo parts and at the bottom in the inner silo part.

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Doppelsilo mit einem inneren Siloteil und einem diesen ringförmig umgebenden und von diesem durch eine im wesentlichen vertikale Silotrennwand geschiedenen äußeren Siloteil und mit einer im inneren Siloteil am Boden angeordneten, entlüfteten, ringförmigen Entleerungskammer für den im äußeren Siloteil gebildeten Siloraum, die mit diesem über eine Vielzahl bodennaher Öffnungen in der Silotrennwand verbunden ist.The invention relates to a double silo with an inner silo part and an outer silo part which surrounds it in a ring and is separated from it by an essentially vertical silo partition and with a vented, annular emptying chamber arranged on the bottom in the inner silo part for the silo space formed in the outer silo part. which is connected to it via a large number of openings near the floor in the silo partition.

Bei einem bekannten Doppelsilo dieser Art (DE-OS 30 15 068) weist der innere Siloteil ringförmig umlaufende Böschungsflächen auf, unter denen die ringförmige Entleerungskammer für den äußeren Siloraum angeordnet ist. Dadurch sollen für den äußeren Siloraum gute Abzugsverhältnisse geschaffen werden, die ebenso günstig sind wie diejenigen im inneren Siloraum, dessen Abzugseinrichtungen zentral gelegen sind.In a known double silo of this type (DE-OS 30 15 068), the inner part of the silo has annular embankment surfaces, under which the annular emptying chamber for the outer silo space is arranged. This is intended to create good extraction conditions for the outer silo space, which are as favorable as those in the inner silo space, the extraction devices of which are centrally located.

Eine Mischfunktion ist dem bekannten Silo nicht zugedacht, was u.a. daran erkennbar ist, daß dem inneren Siloraum keine Mischkammer zugeordnet ist und daß die ringförmige Entleerungskammer für den äußeren Siloraum weder die starke Belüftbar- _keit, die für die Homogenisierung des Guts in einer Mischkammer notwendig wäre, noch diejenige Höhe besitzt, die man für die Volumenausdehnung des in Homogenisierung begriffenen Guts in einer Mischkammer benötigt. Mit anderen Worten stellt die bekannte Entleerungskammer keine Mischkammer dar; denn unter einer Mischkammer versteht man eine einem Siloraum nachgeschaltete, entspannte Entleerungskammer, die eine solche Höhe und starke Belüftbarkeit besitzt, daß das aus dem Silo abgezogene Gut diese Kammer nicht nur einfach durchläuft, sondern in beträchtlichem Volumen darin durch zonenweise unterschiedlich starke Belüftung umgewälzt und dabei homogenisiert wird (DE-PS 15 07 888). Solche Mischkammern bezeichnet man daher auch als Homogenisierkammern. - Das eingangs genannte Doppelsilo hat sich u.a. deshalb als besonders zweckmäßig erwiesen, weil es eine gute Entleerbarkeit beider Siloräume mit guten statischen Eigenschaften verbindet. Während normalerweise die Anordnung von mehreren Raumzellen übereinander in statisch so hoch belasteten Gebilden wie Silos zu beträchtlichen Problemen führen kann, wird bei dem bekannten Doppelsilo die ringförmige Entleerungskammer für den äußeren Siloraum unterhalb der Böschungsfläche des inneren Siloraums geschaffen, ohne daß dadurch die statischen Verhältnisse im Bereich des Silobodens verschlechtert würden; denn die Böschungsflächen im inneren Siloraum müssen ohnehin vorgesehen werden, und der zentrale Bodenbereich des inneren Siloraums kann unmittelbar auf den gewachsenen Boden bzw. den Hauptsiloboden aufgesetzt werden.The well-known silo is not intended for a mixing function, which among other things this shows that no mixing chamber is assigned to the inner silo space and that the annular emptying chamber for the outer silo space neither has the strong ventilation that would be necessary for the homogenization of the material in a mixing chamber, nor the height that is needed for the volume expansion of the material being homogenized in a mixing chamber. In other words, the known emptying chamber is not a mixing chamber; Because a mixing chamber is understood to mean a relaxed emptying chamber connected downstream of a silo room, which has such a height and strong ventilation that the material removed from the silo not only simply passes through this chamber, but is also circulated in considerable volume therein by ventilation of different strengths and thereby is homogenized (DE-PS 15 07 888). Such mixing chambers are therefore also referred to as homogenizing chambers. - The double silo mentioned above has among other things proven to be particularly useful because it combines good emptying capacity of both silo spaces with good static properties. While the arrangement of several room cells one above the other in structures as heavily loaded as silos can lead to considerable problems, in the known double silo the annular emptying chamber for the outer silo space is created below the embankment surface of the inner silo space without the static conditions in the area of the silo bottom would deteriorate; the embankment areas in the inner silo room must be provided anyway, and the central floor area of the inner silo room can be placed directly on the grown floor or the main silo floor.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine derartige Siloanordnung zu schaffen, in welcher den beiden Siloräumen Mischkammern nachgeschaltet sind.The invention has for its object to provide such a silo arrangement in which mixing chambers are connected downstream of the two silo spaces.

Da Mischkammern wesentlich größer als die eingangs erwähnten Entleerungskammern ausgeführt werden müssen und im Unterschied zu der bekannten Anordnung nicht nur der äußere, sondern auch der innere Siloraum mit einer solchen Kammer versehen werden müßte, kann bei der Lösung der Aufgabe nicht von so günstigen statischen Verhältnissen ausgegangen werden wie bei der bekannten Siloanordnung.Since mixing chambers have to be made much larger than the emptying chambers mentioned at the beginning and, in contrast to the known arrangement, not only the outer but also the inner silo space would have to be provided with such a chamber, it is not possible to assume such favorable static conditions when solving the task be like the known silo arrangement.

Die erfindungsgemäße Lösung besteht nun darin, daß die ringförmige Kammer über eine im wesentlichen vertikale Kammertrennwand eine mit dem im inneren Siloteil gebildeten Siloraum verbundene zentrale Kammer einschließt und daß beide Kammern als entlüftete Mischkammern ausgebildet sind.The solution according to the invention now consists in the fact that the annular chamber includes a central chamber connected to the silo space formed in the inner silo part via an essentially vertical chamber partition wall, and that both chambers are designed as vented mixing chambers.

Da sämtliche Mischkammarn im inneren Siloteil zusammengezogen sind, kann man die vertikale Silotrennwand als wichtiges statisches Element unangetastet lassen. Auch kann der äußere Siloteil die einfache, unmittelbar auf dem gewachsenen Boden oder dem Hauptsiloboden aufsitzende Gestalt belassen werden. Wegen der nicht unbeträchtlichen Höhe einer Mischkammer muß dabei in Kauf genommen werden, daß die für den inneren Siloraum nutzbare Höhe entsprechend reduziert wird, so daß sein Durchmesser zur Erhaltung eines vorgegebenen Volumens vergrößert werden muß. Entsprechend ausgedehnter und daher statisch problematischer sind demgemäß auch die den inneren Siloraum unten begrenzenden, horizontalen Bauteile, denen außerdem wegen der darunter anzuordnenden Mischkammern die unmittelbare Abstützung durch den gewachsenen Grund bzw. den Hauptsiloboden entzogen wird.Since all mixing chambers in the inner part of the silo are contracted, the vertical silo partition can be left untouched as an important static element. The outer part of the silo can also be left in its simple shape, which sits directly on the grown soil or the main silo floor. Because of the not inconsiderable height of a mixing chamber, it must be accepted that the height usable for the inner silo space is reduced accordingly, so that its diameter has to be increased in order to maintain a predetermined volume. Accordingly, the horizontal components delimiting the inner silo space at the bottom are correspondingly more extensive and therefore more structurally problematic, and because of the mixing chambers to be arranged underneath, the direct support from the grown ground or the main silo floor is withdrawn.

Jedoch wird dieser statische Nachteil dadurch aufgehoben, daß die den inneren Siloraum unten begrenzenden horizontalen Bauteile eine zusätzliche, zentrale Abstützung durch die im wesentlichen vertikale Kammertrennwand erhalten. Die Vielzahl der hier monolithisch miteinander verbundenen vertikalen und horizontalen Bauelemente ergibt ein statisch äußerst widerstandsfähiges und auch leicht zu berechnendes Zellensystem. Dies gilt insbesondere dann, wenn nach einem zweckmäßigen Erfindungsmerkmal die Kammertrennwand zumindest großenteils konzentrisch zur Silotrennwand angeordnet ist, also beispielsweise zylindrisch oder teilzylindrisch oder polygon oder sternförmig.However, this static disadvantage is eliminated in that the horizontal components delimiting the inner silo space at the bottom receive an additional, central support by the essentially vertical chamber partition. The large number of vertical and horizontal components that are monolithically interconnected here results in a statically extremely robust and also easy to calculate cell system. This applies in particular if, according to an expedient feature of the invention, the chamber partition is arranged at least largely concentrically with the silo partition, that is to say for example cylindrical or partially cylindrical or polygonal or star-shaped.

Ferner kann nach der Erfindung vorgesehen sein, daß die ringförmige Kammer in eine Mehrzahl gesonderter Kammern aufgeteilt ist, wobei die zwischen diesen gesonderten Kammern befindlichen radialen Trennwände zusätzliche Aussteifungsrippen darstellen.Furthermore, it can be provided according to the invention that the annular chamber is divided into a plurality of separate chambers, the radial partition walls located between these separate chambers representing additional stiffening ribs.

Besonders zweckmäßig ist eine Ausführungsform, bei welcher der innere Siloraum über mindestens einen weiträumigen Schacht, der bis nahe dem Boden der inneren Mischkammer hinabgeführt ist, mit der inneren Mischkammer verbunden ist. Zweckmäßig sind mehrere, gleichmäßig über den Umfang verteilte Schächte vorgesehen, die sich zum inneren Siloraum mit einer relativ großen Querschnittsfläche öffnen, die vorzugsweise mindestens etwa 5%, besser noch mindestens etwa 10%, der inneren Silobodenfläche ausmacht. Da die Schächte dann in jeder Richtung Abmessungen in der Größenordnung von mehreren Metern aufweisen, ergeben sich keine Nachflußprobleme. Sie bilden räumlich und funktionell einen Teil des Siloraums, zumal wenn nach einem weiteren Merkmal der Erfindung die Schachtböden stärker als die übrigen, den inneren Siloraum nach unten begrenzenden Flächen und ggf. wechselnd belüftbar sind, so daß die bei einem Mischkammersilo maßgeblich an der Mischwirkung beteiligte Trombenbildung innerhalb des Hauptsiloraums von den Schächten ausgeht.An embodiment is particularly expedient in which the inner silo space is connected to the inner mixing chamber via at least one spacious shaft that leads down to near the bottom of the inner mixing chamber. Appropriately, several shafts are provided which are evenly distributed over the circumference and open to the inner silo space with a relatively large cross-sectional area, which preferably accounts for at least about 5%, more preferably at least about 10%, of the inner silo floor area. Since the shafts then have dimensions on the order of several meters in each direction, erge there are no afterflow problems. They form part of the silo space spatially and functionally, especially if, according to a further feature of the invention, the shaft floors are stronger than the other surfaces delimiting the inner silo space downwards and, if necessary, can be alternately ventilated, so that those involved in a mixing chamber silo play a key role in the mixing effect Drum formation within the main silo room starts from the shafts.

Die den beiden Siloräumen zugeordneten Mischkammern können zweckmäßigerweise mit voneinander unabhängig betreibbaren Abzugseinrichtungen ausgerüstet sein. Jedoch kann es auch vorteilhaft sein, wenn sie statt dessen oder zusätzlich miteinander verbindbar sind. Letzteres ist beispielsweise dann zweckmäßig, wenn in beiden Siloräumen gleiches oder zu mischendes Gut eingelagert wird. In diesem Fall kann die Anordnung auch so getroffen sein, daß die Mischkammern hintereinander geschaltet sind, d.h., daß das Gut, das zunächst die eine Mischkammer passiert hat, anschließend in die andere Mischkammer gelangt und dort mit dem aus dem anderen Siloraum stammenden Material homogenisiert wird. Zu diesem Zweck können die Mischkammern kaskadenförmig aufgebaut sein, d.h., daß ihre Trennwand im oberen Bereich mindestens eine Überlauföffnung enthält, durch die das in der zunächst durchströmten Mischkammer hochwallende Gut in die zweite Mischkammer überläuft.The mixing chambers assigned to the two silo spaces can expediently be equipped with extraction devices which can be operated independently of one another. However, it can also be advantageous if they can be connected to one another instead or in addition. The latter is useful, for example, if the same or to be mixed goods are stored in both silo rooms. In this case, the arrangement can also be such that the mixing chambers are connected in series, that is to say that the material which has first passed through one mixing chamber then passes into the other mixing chamber and is homogenized there with the material originating from the other silo room . For this purpose, the mixing chambers can be constructed in a cascade shape, i.e. their partition wall in the upper area contains at least one overflow opening through which the material flowing up in the mixing chamber that initially flows overflows into the second mixing chamber.

Die Erfindung wird im folgenden näher unter Bezugsnahme auf die Zeichnung erläutert, die ein vorteilhaftes Ausführungsbeispiel veranschaulicht. Darin zeigen:

  • Fig. 1 einen Vertikalschnitt durch das Silo gemäß Linie I-I der Fig. 3,
  • Fig. 2 einen Vertikalschnitt gemäß Linie 11-11 der Fig. 3,
  • Fig. 3 einen Horizontalschnitt gemäß Linie 111-111 der Fig. 2 und
  • Fig. 4 einen Horizontalschnitt gemäß Linie IV-IV der Fig. 2.
The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the drawing, which illustrates an advantageous embodiment. In it show:
  • 1 is a vertical section through the silo according to line II of FIG. 3,
  • 2 shows a vertical section along line 11-11 of FIG. 3,
  • Fig. 3 is a horizontal section along line 111-111 of Fig. 2 and
  • 4 shows a horizontal section along line IV-IV of FIG. 2.

Auf dem Fundament 1 ruht über geeignete Stützen der Hauptsiloboden 2, der als gemeinsame Grundplatte für sämtliche Siloteile ausgebildet ist. Er könnte auch auf dem gewachsenen Boden angeordnet sein, was eine etwas andere als solche aber bekannte Auslaufanordnung bedingen würden.The main silo floor 2, which is designed as a common base plate for all silo parts, rests on the foundation 1 via suitable supports. It could also be arranged on the grown floor, which would require a slightly different but known discharge arrangement.

Auf dem Hauptsiloboden 2 erhebt sich außen die zylindrische Siloaußenwand 3 und konzentrisch dazu die gleichfalls zylindrische Trennwand 4. Dazwischen befindet sich der ringförmige äußere Siloraum 5, während sich der innere Siloraum 6 innerhalb der Silotrennwand befindet. Beide Siloräume werden durch die Silodecke 7 oben geschlossen.On the main silo floor 2, the cylindrical outer wall 3 of the silo rises and concentrically to it the equally cylindrical partition wall 4. In between is the annular outer silo space 5, while the inner silo space 6 is located inside the silo partition wall. Both silo rooms are closed by the silo ceiling 7 above.

Der Boden des außeren Siloraums 5 wird von dem Hauptsiloboden 2 gebildet. Die untere Begrenzung des inneren Siloraums 6 liegt großenteils in solcher Höhe oberhalb des Hauptsilobodens 2, daß dazwischen die für Mischkammern notwendige Höhe vorhanden ist. Darin trennt eine zylindrische konzentrisch zu den Silowänden 3, 4 angeordnete, vertikal verlaufende Wand 9 eine innere Mischkammer 10 und eine äußere, teilweise ringförmige Mischkammer 11. Sie wird deshalb hier als Kammertrennwand 9 bezeichnet. Auf dem größten Teil ihrer Höhe ist sie zylindrisch geschlossen, wie man dies in Fig. 4 erkennt. Sie bildet daher, zusammen mit der Silotrennwand 4, ausgezeichnete statische Voraussetzungen für dieAbstützung der Kammerdecken 8, die den Inhalt des inneren Siloraums 6 tragen. Auf zwei einander diametral gegenüberliegenden Seiten ist die Kammertrennwand 9 durch Wandpaare 12 mit der Silotrennwand 4 verbunden. Die Wandpaare 12 umgrenzen zusammen mit der Kammertrennwand 9 und der Silotrennwand 4 jeweils einen Schacht 13, der unten durch den Hauptsiloboden 2 begrenzt ist und nach oben zum inneren Siloraum 6 hin offen ist. Die Kammertrennwand 9 weist im bodennahen Bereich Durchlaßöffnungen 14 auf. Das im Hauptsiloraum 6 lagernde Gut kann daher durch die beiden Schächte 13 und die Durchlaßöffnungen 14 in die innere Mischkammer 10 einfließen, wenn es durch Bodenbelüftung hinreichend fluidisiert ist. Diesem Zweck dienen Belüftungseinrichtungen 15 am Boden der Schächte 13. Ferner sind Belüftungseinrichtungen 16 auf den Kammerdecken 8 vorgesehen, die den Massenfluß des Guts zu den Schächten 13 fördern. Demselben Zweck dienen eine kegelförmige Böschung 17 oberhalb der inneren Mischkammer 10 und sattelförmige Böschungen 18 über einem quer zu den Schächten 13 verlaufenden Durchmesser, die auch Leitungen 19 zur Entlüftung der inneren Mischkammer 10 aufnehmen, welche mit Entlüftungsleitungen 20 verbunden sind, die an der Silotrennwand 4 gehalten in den Silooberraum führen und dort bei 21 offen sind. Die innere Mischkammer 10 ist am Boden mit Belüftungseinrichtunen 22 ausgelegt, die zur Homogenisierung des darin enthaltenen Guts kräftig und zonenweise unterschiedlich belüftbar sind, so daß das Gut stark mit guten Mischeffekten darin umgewälzt wird, bevor es die Mischkammer durch die Auslaßöffnung 23 verläßt, die zur Vermeidung von Kurzschlußströmen einen hochgezogenen Rand 24 aufweist. Die Auslaßöffnung 23 führt über geeignete Verschlußorgane zu einer Abzugsleitung 25.The floor of the outer silo room 5 is formed by the main silo floor 2. The lower boundary of the inner silo space 6 is largely at such a height above the main silo floor 2 that the height necessary for mixing chambers is present in between. In it, a cylindrical wall 9, arranged concentrically with the silo walls 3, 4, divides an inner mixing chamber 10 and an outer, partially annular mixing chamber 11. It is therefore referred to here as a chamber partition 9. At most of its height, it is cylindrically closed, as can be seen in FIG. 4. Together with the silo partition 4, it therefore forms excellent structural conditions for the support of the chamber ceilings 8, which carry the contents of the inner silo space 6. The chamber partition 9 is connected to the silo partition 4 by wall pairs 12 on two diametrically opposite sides. The wall pairs 12, together with the chamber partition 9 and the silo partition 4, each define a shaft 13 which is delimited at the bottom by the main silo floor 2 and which is open at the top to the inner silo space 6. The chamber partition 9 has passage openings 14 in the area near the bottom. The material stored in the main silo room 6 can therefore flow through the two shafts 13 and the passage openings 14 into the inner mixing chamber 10 if it is sufficiently fluidized by floor ventilation. Ventilation devices 15 on the bottom of the shafts 13 serve this purpose. Furthermore, ventilation devices 16 are provided on the chamber ceilings 8, which promote the mass flow of the material to the shafts 13. The same purpose is served by a conical embankment 17 above the inner mixing chamber 10 and saddle-shaped embankments 18 over a diameter running transversely to the shafts 13, which also receive lines 19 for venting the inner mixing chamber 10, which are connected to ventilation lines 20 which are connected to the silo partition 4 held in the upper silo and there are open at 21. The inner mixing chamber 10 is designed on the bottom with ventilation 22, which can be vigorously and zone-wise differently ventilated to homogenize the material contained therein, so that the material is strongly circulated therein with good mixing effects before it leaves the mixing chamber through the outlet opening 23, which leads to the Avoiding short-circuit currents has a raised edge 24. The outlet opening 23 leads to a discharge line 25 via suitable closure members.

Wie man weiß, beruht der Mischeffekt eines Mischkammersilos im wesentlichen auf zwei Mischvorgängen. Der erste Mischvorgang spielt sich im Siloraum ab, wenn durch zonenweise stärkere Belüftung und Gutabzug aus der stärker belüfteten Zone sich darüber eine sogenannte Abzugstrombe bildet, in welcher das Gut aus unterschiedlichen eingelagerten Gutsschichten zusammenläuft. Der zweite Mischvorgang ist die Homogenisierung des aus dem Hauptsiloraum abgezogenen Materials in der Mischkammer. In dem dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel läßt man die Tromben im inneren Siloraum 6 zweckmäßigerweise von den Schächten 13 ausgehen, indem man deren Belüftungseinrichtungen 15 stärker mit Druckluft beaufschlagt als die Belüftungseinrichtungen 16 im inneren Siloraum. Dabei wird die Stärke der Belüftung derart begrenzt eingestellt, daß auch nur ein begrenzter Gutnachfluß aus dem Siloraum in die Mischkammer stattfindet, damit diese nicht hydrostatisch überflutet wird. Dies ist deshalb möglich, weil die Schächte 13 auch bei begrenzter Auflockerung des darin enthaltenen und darüber im Siloraum lastenden Guts für ein gleichmäßiges Nachfließen des Guts zur Mischkammer sorgen, selbst wenn wegen der schwachen Belüftung im Hauptsiloraum mit ungleichmäßigen Gutsbewegungen (Brückenbildung, Zusammenbrüche) gerechnet werden muß. Die Belüftungseinrichtungen 15 in den Schächten 13 können zur Bildung wechselnder Mischtromben im inneren Siloraum 6 im Wechsel betrieben werden. Es kann auch vorgesehen sein, daß zusätzlich zu den Belüftungseinrichtungen 15 der Schächte 13 Teile der Belüftungseinrichtungen 16 zur zonenweise stärkeren Belüftung und Trombenbildung ausgebildet sind, wenn das beiderseits der Schächte 13 im inneren Siloraum auf den Kammerdecken 8 lastende Gut andernfalls nicht hinreichend gleichmäßig am Gutabzug beteiligt werden kann. Es können statt dessen auch mehr als zwei Schächte 13 für den Abzug des Guts aus dem Siloraum in die Mischkammer vorgesehen sein, beispielsweise drei oder vier Schächte gleichmäßig über den Umfang verteilt.As is known, the mixing effect of a mixing chamber silo is essentially based on two mixing processes. The first mixing process takes place in the silo room when, due to the zone-wise stronger ventilation and product discharge from the more ventilated zone, a so-called discharge stream forms above it, in which the product from different stored product layers converges. The second mixing process is the homogenization of the material extracted from the main silo room in the mixing chamber. In the illustrated embodiment, the trumpets in the inner silo space 6 are expediently emanated from the shafts 13 by pressurizing their ventilation devices 15 with compressed air more than the ventilation devices 16 in the inner silo room. The strength of the ventilation is adjusted to such an extent that there is only a limited flow of material from the silo space into the mixing chamber so that it is not flooded hydrostatically. This is possible because the shafts 13, even with limited loosening of the material contained therein and above them in the silo space, for a uniform flow of the material to the mixing chamber worry, even if uneven movements of goods (bridging, breakdowns) can be expected due to the poor ventilation in the main silo room. The ventilation devices 15 in the shafts 13 can be operated alternately in order to form changing mixed flows in the inner silo space 6. It can also be provided that, in addition to the ventilation devices 15 of the shafts 13, parts of the ventilation devices 16 are designed for zone-wise stronger ventilation and trombone formation if the load on both sides of the shafts 13 in the inner silo space on the chamber ceilings 8 otherwise does not participate sufficiently well in the removal of the goods can be. Instead of this, more than two shafts 13 can also be provided for withdrawing the material from the silo space into the mixing chamber, for example three or four shafts evenly distributed over the circumference.

Im Ringraum zwischen der Kammertrennwand 9 und der Silowand 4 teilen die Schachtwände 12 zwei etwa halbringförmige Kammern 11 voneinander, die über bodennahe Durchlaßöffnungen 26 mit dem äußeren Siloraum 5 verbunden sind und für diesen die Mischkammern bilden. Wenn mehr als zwei Schächte 13 vorgesehen sind, vermehrt sich entsprechend auch die Zahl dieser teilringförmigen äußeren Mischkammern. Am Boden des äußeren Siloraums 5 vorgesehene Belüftungseinrichtungen 27 führen durch die Durchlaßöffnungen 26 in die äußeren Mischkammern hinein, in denen Belüftungseinrichtungen 28 zur zonenweise unterschiedlichen, intensiven Homogenisierungsbelüftung vorgesehen sind. Die Belüftungseinrichtungen 27 im äußeren Siloraum können zweckmäßigerweise zonenweise mit unterschiedlicher Intensität betrieben werden, um die erwähnte Bildung von Abzugstromben auch im äußeren Siloraum zu ermöglichen.In the annular space between the chamber partition 9 and the silo wall 4, the shaft walls 12 divide two approximately semi-annular chambers 11 from each other, which are connected to the outer silo space 5 via bottom through openings 26 and form the mixing chambers for the latter. If more than two shafts 13 are provided, the number of these partially annular outer mixing chambers also increases accordingly. Ventilation devices 27 provided on the bottom of the outer silo space 5 lead through the passage openings 26 into the outer mixing chambers, in which ventilation devices 28 are provided for zone-by-zone different, intensive homogenization ventilation. The ventilation devices 27 in the outer silo space can expediently be operated zone by zone with different intensities in order to enable the above-mentioned formation of discharge streams also in the outer silo space.

Die äußeren Mischkammern 11 werden durch die Leitungen 20 entlüftet und weisen Auslaßöffnungen 29 auf, die zur Vermeidung von Kurzschlußströmung einen hochgezogenen Kragen 30 besitzen und über geeignete Abschlußorgane zu einer Abzugsleitung führen. Im dargestellten Beispiel ist vorgesehen, daß sie in dieselbe Abzugsleitung 25 wie die Auslaßöfnung 23 der inneren Mischkammer führen. Dies ist dann zweckmäßig, wenn aus den beiden Siloräumen entweder nur alternativ abgezogen wird oder die eingelagerten, gegebenenfalls unterschiedlichen Qualitäten des Guts nur gemeinsam und in einem durch die Abschlußorgane gegebenenfalls einzuregelnden Verhältnis zum Einsatz kommen. Ein Beispiel dafür ist die Einlagerung von Rohmehl für die Zementherstellung. Der gezielte Einsatz der durch die beiden Siloräume gegebenen Mischungsmöglichkeiten erlaubt einen langfristigeren Ausgleich von Zusammensetzungsschwankungen, als dies bei Verwendung nur eines entsprechend größeren Silos möglich wäre.The outer mixing chambers 11 are vented through the lines 20 and have outlet openings 29 which, in order to avoid short-circuit flow, have a raised collar 30 and lead to a discharge line via suitable closure members. In the example shown it is provided that they lead into the same discharge line 25 as the outlet opening 23 of the inner mixing chamber. This is expedient if the two silo rooms are either only used as an alternative or the stored, possibly different, qualities of the goods are only used together and in a ratio that may be regulated by the final organs. An example of this is the storage of raw meal for cement production. The targeted use of the mixing possibilities provided by the two silo spaces allows a long-term compensation of fluctuations in composition than would be possible if only a correspondingly larger silo were used.

Jedoch ist es selbstverständlich auch möglich, die Auslaßöffnungen der Mischkammern mit unterschiedlichen Abzugsleitungen zu verbinden bzw. die Möglichkeit eines gemeinsamen oder gesonderten Abzugs vorzusehen.However, it is of course also possible to connect the outlet openings of the mixing chambers to different discharge lines or to provide the possibility of a common or separate discharge.

Wenn die aus den beiden Siloräumen stammenden, je für sich in den zugehörigen Mischkammern homogenisierbaren Gutsqualitäten nicht nur zusammengeführt, sondern auch unter sich gemischt bzw. homogenisiert werden sollen, kann man die Mischkammern in einer sogenannten Kaskade zusammenschalten, indem im oberen Bereich der Kammertrennwand 9 Überströmöffnungen 31 vorgesehen werden, die folgende Verfahrensweise, dargestellt in Fig. 1, ermöglichen. Das aus dem äußeren Siloraum stammende Gut wird in der äußeren Mischkammer homogenisiert und dann nicht über die Auslaßöffnung 29 abgezogen, sondern durch eine entsprechend hohe Einstellung des Niveaus des in Mischung befindlichen Material in der äußeren Mischkammer ständig durch die Durchlaßöffnung 31 in die innere Mischkammer überfließen gelassen, so daß sich in der inneren Mischkammer nicht nur das aus dem inneren Siloraum 6 stammende Material, sondern auch das von außen überfließende Material befindet, dort homogenisiert wird und schließlich durch die Auslaßöffnung 23 abgezogen werden kann. Selbstverständlich könnte auch umgekehrt verfahren werden. Die Einstellung des Mischniveaus in derjenigen Kammer, aus der das Gut in die andere Kammer überfließen soll, geschieht durch die Einstellung der Belüftungsstärke. Zu diesem Zweck können die zur Speisung der Belüftungseinrichtungen 22, 28 und gegebenenfalls auch 13, 27 vorgesehenen Kompressoren entsprechend regelbar sein, damit durch Einstellung der Belüftung die Menge des aus der einen Mischkammer in die andere Mischkammer überfließenden Guts und damit das Mischungsverhältnis eingestellt werden kann.If the good qualities originating from the two silo rooms, each of which can be homogenized in the associated mixing chambers, are not only to be brought together, but also to be mixed or homogenized among themselves, the mixing chambers can be interconnected in a so-called cascade by 9 overflow openings in the upper area of the chamber partition 31 are provided, which enable the following procedure, illustrated in FIG. 1. The material originating from the outer silo space is homogenized in the outer mixing chamber and is then not drawn off via the outlet opening 29, but instead continuously flows through the passage opening 31 into the inner mixing chamber through a correspondingly high setting of the level of the material in the outer mixing chamber , so that not only the material originating from the inner silo space 6, but also the material overflowing from the outside is located in the inner mixing chamber, is homogenized there and can finally be drawn off through the outlet opening 23. The reverse procedure could of course also be used. The setting of the mixing level in the chamber from which the material is to flow into the other chamber is done by adjusting the ventilation strength. For this purpose, the compressors provided for supplying the ventilation devices 22, 28 and possibly also 13, 27 can be regulated accordingly, so that by adjusting the ventilation, the amount of material overflowing from the one mixing chamber into the other mixing chamber and thus the mixing ratio can be adjusted.

Für die Einlagerung des Guts in die Siloräume können bekannte Verteileinrichtungen 32 verwendet werden. Wenn die Siloräume im Einzelbetrieb unabhängig voneinander arbeiten, wird der dargestellte Verteiler selbstverständlich so eingestellt, daß nur der eine oder der andere Siloraum alternativ beschickt wird. Dasselbe gilt, wenn die Siloräume im Verbund betrieben werden und zeitliche Zusammensetzungsschwankungen eines und desselben Guts durch phasenverschobene Einlagerung in die beiden Siloräume bzw. phasenverschobenen Abzug daraus ausgeglichen werden sollen. Jedoch können auch beide Siloräume parallel zueinander beschickt werden.Known distribution devices 32 can be used for the storage of the goods in the silo rooms. If the silo rooms work independently of each other, the distributor shown is of course set so that only one or the other silo room is loaded alternatively. The same applies if the silo rooms are operated as a network and fluctuations in the composition of one and the same good are to be compensated for by phase-shifted storage in the two silo rooms or phase-shifted deduction therefrom. However, both silo rooms can also be loaded parallel to each other.

Die Vorteile der Erfindung bestehen zum einen darin, daß in sehr kompakter Silobauweise große Silovolumina unter statisch sehr günstigen Voraussetzungen bereitgestellt werden. Die dargestellte Zellenbauweise mit mehreren ineinander angeordneten und miteinander verbundenen Zylindern ergibt eine hohe Festigkeit und erlaubt es dadurch beispielsweise, bei Silodurchmessern von über 20 m, auf die dabei normalerweise erforderliche Vorspannung der Bewehrung zu verzichten, wodurch erhebliche Kosten gesparat werden. Die Spannweite der Decken ist wesentlich geringer, so daß auch hier vorteilhafte Kostenbedingungen entstehen. - Weitere Vorteile beziehen sich auf die Bedingungen der Einlagerung, des Abzugs und der Mischmöglichkeiten. Da in jedem Siloraum die horizontalen Wege vergleichsweise gering sind, kann ein gleichmäßiger Massenfluß erzielt werden und damit eine gute Nutzung des zur Verfügung stehenden Siloraums. Die Möglichkeit, die Silozellen einzeln, in Parallelbetrieb oder in Kaskadenbetrieb von innen nach außen oder umgekehrt arbeiten zu lassen, ergibt vielfältige Mischungsmöglichkeiten mit größeren Dämpfungslängen von Zusammensetzungsschwankungen ohne die Notwendigkeit von Zwischentransporten, wie sie bei gesondert stehenden Silogruppen oftmals notwendig sind.The advantages of the invention are, on the one hand, that large silo volumes are provided under very statically favorable conditions in a very compact silo construction. The cell construction shown with a plurality of cylinders arranged one inside the other and connected to one another results in high strength and thus makes it possible, for example in the case of silo diameters of over 20 m, to dispense with the prestressing of the reinforcement normally required, which saves considerable costs. The span of the ceilings is much smaller, so that advantageous cost conditions also arise here. - Further advantages relate to the conditions of storage, withdrawal and mixing options. Since the horizontal paths are comparatively short in each silo room, a uniform mass flow can be achieved and thus a good use of the available silo room. The option of having the silo cells work individually, in parallel operation or in cascade operation from the inside to the outside or vice versa results in a wide range of mixing options with longer damping lengths of compositional fluctuations without the need for intermediate transport, as is often necessary with separate silo groups.

Claims (12)

1. A dual silo with an inner silo part and an outer silo part annularly surrounding and separated from the inner silo part by a substantially vertical silo dividing wall (4), and with a ventilated annular discharge chamber (11) for the silo chamber (5) formed in the outer silo part, which discharge chamber is arranged at the bottom in the inner silo part and communicates with the silo chamber (5) via a plurality of openings situated near the bottom in the silo dividing wall (4), characterised in that via a substantially vertical chamber dividing wall (9) the annular discharge chamber (11) encloses a central chamber (10) communicating with the silo chamber (6) formed in the inner silo part, and in that both chambers are in the form of ventilated mixing chambers.
2. A silo according to Claim 1, characterised in that the chamber dividing wall (9) is arranged at least for the most part concentrically with the silo dividing wall (4).
3. A silo according to Claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the annular discharge chamber (11) is divided into a plurality of separate chambers.
4. A silo according to any one of Claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the inner silo chamber (6) communicates with the inner mixing chamber via at least one shaft (15)* of relatively large cross-section extending down to near the bottom (2) of the inner mixing chamber (10).
5. A silo according to Claim 4, characterised in that a plurality of shafts (15)* spaced uniformly about the periphery are provided, which open towards the inner silo chamber (6) with a clear cross-sectional area of at least about 5% in each case of the inner silo chamber cross-sectional area.
6. A silo according to Claim 5, characterised in that the shafts (15)* have an opening area of about 10% of the inner silo chamber cross-sectional area.
7. A silo according to any one of Claims 4 to 6, characterised in that the shaft bottoms can be ventilated more powerfully than the other surfaces (8) defining the lower boundary of the inner silo chamber.
8. A silo according to any one of Claims 4 to 7, characterised in that the shaft bottoms can be ventilated alternately.
9. A silo according to any one of Claims 1 to 8, characterised in that the mixing chambers (10,11) are provided with outlet means (23, 25, 29) which can be operated independently of one another.
10. A silo according to any one of Claims 1 to 9, characterised in that the outlet means (23, 29) can be connected to the mixing chambers (10, 11).
11. A silo according to any one of Claims 1 to 10, * (15) denotes a «ventilating means», (13) the «shaft» characterised in that the mixing chambers (10, 11) can be connected in series.
12. A silo according to Claim 11, characterised in that the chamber dividing wall (9) includes at least one overflow opening (31) in its upper zone.
EP84108034A 1983-11-24 1984-07-10 Silo with dual mixing chambers Expired EP0144507B1 (en)

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AT84108034T ATE33561T1 (en) 1983-11-24 1984-07-10 DOUBLE MIXING CHAMBER SILO.

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DE19833342507 DE3342507A1 (en) 1983-11-24 1983-11-24 DOUBLE MIXING CHAMBER SILO

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DE3470464D1 (en) 1988-05-26
DE3342507A1 (en) 1985-06-05
EP0144507A3 (en) 1985-07-24
EP0144507A2 (en) 1985-06-19
ATE33561T1 (en) 1988-05-15

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