EP0144003B1 - Apparatus for the production of squared timber from logs by slicing boards on opposite sides thereof - Google Patents

Apparatus for the production of squared timber from logs by slicing boards on opposite sides thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0144003B1
EP0144003B1 EP84113261A EP84113261A EP0144003B1 EP 0144003 B1 EP0144003 B1 EP 0144003B1 EP 84113261 A EP84113261 A EP 84113261A EP 84113261 A EP84113261 A EP 84113261A EP 0144003 B1 EP0144003 B1 EP 0144003B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
log
blade
bank
knife
pressure
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP84113261A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0144003A3 (en
EP0144003A2 (en
Inventor
Josef Traben
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Gebrueder Linck GmbH and Co KG Gatterlinck Maschinen Fabrik
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Gebrueder Linck GmbH and Co KG Gatterlinck Maschinen Fabrik
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Application filed by Gebrueder Linck GmbH and Co KG Gatterlinck Maschinen Fabrik filed Critical Gebrueder Linck GmbH and Co KG Gatterlinck Maschinen Fabrik
Priority to AT84113261T priority Critical patent/ATE43529T1/en
Publication of EP0144003A2 publication Critical patent/EP0144003A2/en
Publication of EP0144003A3 publication Critical patent/EP0144003A3/en
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Publication of EP0144003B1 publication Critical patent/EP0144003B1/en
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27L—REMOVING BARK OR VESTIGES OF BRANCHES; SPLITTING WOOD; MANUFACTURE OF VENEER, WOODEN STICKS, WOOD SHAVINGS, WOOD FIBRES OR WOOD POWDER
    • B27L5/00—Manufacture of veneer ; Preparatory processing therefor
    • B27L5/06—Cutting strips from a stationarily- held trunk or piece by a rocking knife carrier, or from rocking trunk or piece by a stationarily-held knife carrier; Veneer- cutting machines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27B—SAWS FOR WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; COMPONENTS OR ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
    • B27B1/00—Methods for subdividing trunks or logs essentially involving sawing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27B—SAWS FOR WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; COMPONENTS OR ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
    • B27B31/00—Arrangements for conveying, loading, turning, adjusting, or discharging the log or timber, specially designed for saw mills or sawing machines
    • B27B31/08—Discharging equipment
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T83/00—Cutting
    • Y10T83/647—With means to convey work relative to tool station
    • Y10T83/6476—Including means to move work from one tool station to another
    • Y10T83/6483—Tool stations staggered relative to one another
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T83/00—Cutting
    • Y10T83/647—With means to convey work relative to tool station
    • Y10T83/6584—Cut made parallel to direction of and during work movement
    • Y10T83/6587—Including plural, laterally spaced tools
    • Y10T83/6588—Tools mounted on common tool support

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for producing a square timber by cutting a sequence of side boards from opposite sides of a log in a number of immediately successive cutting processes in the longitudinal direction of the trunk with a feeding device which receives the log and moves in the longitudinal direction, and a processing device in which on both sides of the log to be processed, several knives are staggered one behind the other to form a cutting group that can be driven for a common oscillating movement, each knife being preceded by a pressure bar and between each knife and the pressure bar of the subsequent knife and, if appropriate, in front of the first pressure bar and behind the last knife of each cutting group, a guide bar touching the processing surface of the log is provided, which is connected to the respective cutting group.
  • German patent 2 514 901 and the associated additional patent 2 751 238 are the subject of cutting in longitudinal direction in several immediately successive cutting operations without cutting into boards.
  • the additionally interposed guide bars have a substantially larger contact surface than the pressure bars because they are not supposed to exert a high local pressure, but rather guide the model in a desired orientation again before the next firing process, if this should show a tendency to move sideways, for example due to different wood hardness on both sides of the trunk. It had turned out that without such additional guidance, an acceptable surface quality of the cut boards could usually not be achieved.
  • the guide strips exert a smoothing effect on the outer wooden surface, if one also takes into account that these guide strips, due to their fixed attachment to the swinging knife frame, not only constantly exert a relative movement in the direction of advance of the wood to the wooden surface, but also a circular motion or oscillating movement that is at least at an angle to the feed direction.
  • the two lateral knife groups are fixed to a certain lateral distance from the longitudinal axis of the feed path in accordance with the trunk diameter to be processed or the thickness of the squared timber ultimately to be produced. If it is mentioned in DE-PS-2 751 238 that the guide strips exert pressure on the log from both sides, this pressure is essentially generated by the reaction of the elastic wood material itself. This is obvious when looking at the knife and guide bar assembly in the accompanying drawing.
  • the guide strips upstream of the first knives were set so firmly in the known procedure that their lateral spacing corresponded to the dimension of the trunk, which was usually flattened laterally, whereby a guide under certain pressure could be achieved by a slight narrowing compared to the trunk diameter.
  • the pressure effect of the other guide strips was determined on the one hand by the gradation of their setting within the knife frame and by the setting of the knives. If a certain knife takes more wood than intended, the pressure on the following guide bar can be reduced. On the other hand, the wood has a certain springback effect, so that with the correct setting of the knife and the subsequent guide bar, nevertheless There is pressure between the wood and the two opposite guide rails.
  • the conditions can still be relatively undefined even when using the additional guide strips, which has an adverse effect on the quality of the products obtained. It should also be noted that different or changing pressure of the pressure and guide strips also affects their frictional losses on the wooden surface and thus the energy consumption by the oscillating drives of the knife groups and overall the energy consumption of the feed drive.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of making the conditions within the device more constant and influenceable in the interest of improving the product quality obtained and a more cost-effective mode of operation by means of lower energy consumption.
  • one of the cutting groups can be fixed at a certain distance from the longitudinal axis of the feed device and the opposite cutting group can be pressed with a defined pressure against the trunk being processed.
  • the stroke required for such pressing only needs to be relatively small, which is why the two opposing cutting groups for their symmetrical basic setting, depending on the thickness of the wood to be processed, are expediently both arranged on cuts which can be displaced transversely to the transport direction, but which are then used for processing a specific one Wood thickness can be fixed.
  • the pressing group can then advantageously be displaced in the transverse direction in addition to the associated slide and relative to it for the pressing stroke, the pressing drive having to engage the associated slide.
  • Hydraulic or pneumatic cylinders can be provided as the pressure drive, but electromotive and other drives are equally possible.
  • the return movement of the contact group which can be pressed on is expediently limited by stops on the associated slide, as a result of which the movement stroke can be kept to the merely necessary small extent.
  • These guide surfaces are set to a fixed distance required for a specific trunk diameter by the symmetrical adjustment movement of the slides carrying the cutting groups.
  • milling heads are therefore advantageously connected upstream of the guide surfaces. These milling heads are adjusted in coordination with the guide surfaces so that the thickness of the flattened trunk essentially corresponds to the set distance between the guide surfaces. It is not appropriate to design the device in such a way that the first Guide strips of the pressing-on cutting group area still come into contact with uneven trunk surfaces. Under such conditions, the subsequent knife groups would not work evenly.
  • the part of the device shown in plan view in FIG. 1 consists of a trunk feed device 1 with a series of paired, symmetrically pivotable driven feed rollers 2 and the downstream processing device 3.
  • This has a base frame 4, which is provided with the (not shown) oscillating drive for the Cutting groups can be provided.
  • the base frame 4 contains transverse guides 5, on which the slide 6 can be moved towards or away from one another in a guided manner parallel to the longitudinal axis of the log feed device by means of a spindle drive 7.
  • Each of these slides 6 is provided in its entrance area adjoining the trunk intake device 1 with a milling cutter 8 which is rotatably driven about a vertical axis and which serves to flatten a lateral surface of the tree trunk 9 being processed.
  • the milling cutters 8 are followed by guide surfaces 10 which are in contact with the flattened sides of the tree trunk 9. When processing squared timber or logs already flattened on the side, the milling cutters 8 can be moved back relative to the slide 6 out of engagement with the log or model 9 being processed.
  • the guide surfaces 10 are generally adjustable with respect to the slide 6, they are adjusted to a fixed position on the slide 6 in cooperation with the depth of penetration of the milling cutters 8.
  • a light barrier 11 follows the guide surfaces 10, the receiver or transmitter of which is mounted on one of the slides 6. This light barrier 11 signals whether there is a trunk in the entry area of the processing device 3.
  • the staggered cutting groups are now arranged as essential elements of the processing device behind the light barrier 11. While the cutting group 12 is firmly attached to the associated carriage 6, the cutting group 13 shown in the drawing below is mounted on a separate frame 14 which can be displaced in the transverse direction to the direction of advance of the wood 9 relative to the associated carriage 6 by a limited stroke. In its movement relative to the carriage 6, the frame 14 is also guided in parallel by means (not shown) so that it cannot tilt during its movement.
  • the frame 14 is connected to the associated slide 6 via a hydraulic actuator 15, for example, the cylinder 16 of which is attached to the slide 6 and the piston rod 17 is articulated on the frame 14.
  • a hydraulic actuator 15 for example, the cylinder 16 of which is attached to the slide 6 and the piston rod 17 is articulated on the frame 14.
  • stops 18 are provided to limit the return stroke between frame 14 and slide 6.
  • Each of the cutting groups 12, 13 consists of a series of knife units 19, each of which has a knife 21 clamped in a knife holder 20.
  • the knife carriers 20 are each provided with pressure strips 22 and guide strips 23, as is described in detail in DE-PS-2 751 238. Correspondingly different arrangements are provided only in the area of the first and last knife.
  • pull-out and straightening systems 25 are arranged, which on the one hand remove the boards from the work area and on the other hand undo the curvature of the boards which has occurred as a result of the cutting process.
  • the remaining squared timber 26 is removed by means of a pull-out device 27 which is only indicated schematically.
  • the carriages 6 When the device is in operation, the carriages 6 are moved together with the milling cutters 8 and the guide surfaces 10 to a specific distance corresponding to the trunk diameter to be processed and are locked in this position.
  • the actuator 15 of the frame 14 is retracted so that the frame 14 bears against the stops 18 of the carriage 6. If a log 9 occurs after flattening its two sides through the milling cutters 8 between the guide surfaces 10 and into the light barrier 11, the latter signals the presence of wood and causes the hydraulic actuator 15 to press the cutting group 13 arranged in the frame 14 against the model.
  • the cutting group 13 can remain in its preset position, so that wood is continuous, i.e. can be edited without space.
  • the frame 14 is moved back to the stops 18 by means of an actuator 15.
  • the pressure bars 22, which have a small pressure area, are generally set in this way are that they protrude somewhat towards the longitudinal axis of the device in relation to the larger guide strips 23. This ensures that the pressure strips 22 always penetrate into the wood with a certain depth of penetration and also a fairly precisely defined contact pressure in front of the subsequent knife and thus ensure constant cutting conditions.
  • the guide strips 23 enclose the trunk being processed between them and exert a relatively constant and selectable pressure on the wood from both sides. It has been shown that a product of substantially improved quality can be obtained through this measure.
  • FIG. 2 shows a device with two actuators 15, which can be subjected to different forces and whose cylinders 16 are pivotably attached to the slide 6. In order to distribute the contact pressure over the entire length of the cutting group, this is articulated by means of a link 29 on the carriage 6 so as to be pivotable about a vertical axis.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Wood Veneers (AREA)
  • Medicines Containing Plant Substances (AREA)
  • Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
  • Milling, Drilling, And Turning Of Wood (AREA)

Abstract

An apparatus for producing squared timbers by means of severing portions or boards from opposite surfaces of the log without creating either chips or sawdust characterized by oscillatory opposed banks of staggered blade units with the blades of each unit extending progressively toward the axis of the log as the log passes therebetween. To provide improved surface quality of the boards produced, the apparatus has one of the banks of blades rigidly mounted in a first adjustable carriage and the other bank is mounted in a subframe movable in a second adjustable carriage with the subframe and other bank being urged into engagement with the log under a predetermined contact.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung zur Erzeugung von einem Kantholz unter spanlosem Abtrennen einer Folge von Seitenbrettern von gegenüberliegenden Seiten eines Holzstammes in mehreren unmittelbar aufeinanderfolgenden Schneidvorgängen in Längsrichtung des Stammes mit einer den Holzstamm aufnehmenden und in Längsrichtung bewegenden Vorschubeinrichtung sowie einer Bearbeitungseinrichtung, in der zu beiden Seiten des zu bearbeitenden Holzstammes jeweils mehrere Messer hintereinander gestaffelt zu einer für eine gemeinsame Schwingbewegung antreibbaren Schneidgruppen auf jeder Seite zusammengefaßt sind, wobei jedem Messer jeweils eine Druckleiste vorgelagert ist und zwischen jedem Messer und der Druckleiste des nachfolgenden Messer sowie gegebenenfalls vor der ersten Druckleiste und hinter dem letzten Messer jeder Schneidgruppe eine die Bearbeitungsfläche des Holzstammes berührende Führungsleiste vorgesehen ist, die mit der jeweiligen Schneidgruppe verbunden ist.The invention relates to a device for producing a square timber by cutting a sequence of side boards from opposite sides of a log in a number of immediately successive cutting processes in the longitudinal direction of the trunk with a feeding device which receives the log and moves in the longitudinal direction, and a processing device in which on both sides of the log to be processed, several knives are staggered one behind the other to form a cutting group that can be driven for a common oscillating movement, each knife being preceded by a pressure bar and between each knife and the pressure bar of the subsequent knife and, if appropriate, in front of the first pressure bar and behind the last knife of each cutting group, a guide bar touching the processing surface of the log is provided, which is connected to the respective cutting group.

Eine solche Vorrichtung zum Erzeugen von Nutzholz aus Rundholzstämmen, aber auch aus angeflachten Stämmen und Kantholz, bei der der mittlere Bereich des Stammes zu Kantholz verarbeitet wird und die außerhalb des zu erzeugenden Kantholzes liegenden Holzabschnitte an zwei einander gegenüberliegenden Seiten des Holzstammes bei der Vorschubbewegung des Stammes in seiner Längsrichtung in mehreren unmittelbar aufeinanderfolgenden Schneidvorgängen spanlos in Bretter zerlegt werden, ist Gegenstand des deutschen Patentes 2 514 901 und des dazugehörigen Zusatzpatentes 2 751 238. Zur näheren Erläuterung einer solchen Vorrichtung und des zugrundeliegenden Verfahrens wird auf den Inhalt dieser Patentschriften verwiesen, auf denen der vorliegende Gegenstand unmittelbar aufbaut.Such a device for producing timber from round logs, but also from flattened logs and squared timber, in which the central area of the trunk is processed into squared timber and the timber sections lying outside the squared timber to be produced on two opposite sides of the timber trunk during the feed movement of the trunk German patent 2 514 901 and the associated additional patent 2 751 238 are the subject of cutting in longitudinal direction in several immediately successive cutting operations without cutting into boards. For a more detailed explanation of such a device and the underlying method, reference is made to the content of these patent specifications, on which the present subject immediately builds up.

Das spanlose seitliche Abtrennen von Brettern von einem Holzstamm, das aus Gründen des dabei fehlenden Abfalles sehr erstrebenswert ist, ist mit verschiedenen technischen Schwierigkeiten verbunden. Ansonsten hätte sich ein solches Verfahren sicher schon früher in der Praxis durchgesetzt. Eines der größten Probleme bietet dabei das Erzielen einer akzeptablen einwandfreien Erzeugnisoberfläche, da bei dem spanlosen Abtrennen der Seitenbretter durch Schneidvorgänge mit Messern endlicher Dicke die Gefahr des vorzeitigen Spaltens und Ausreißens von Holz besteht.The chipless lateral separation of boards from a log, which is very desirable because of the lack of waste, is associated with various technical difficulties. Otherwise, such a procedure would surely have established itself earlier in practice. One of the biggest problems is the achievement of an acceptable, flawless product surface, since the cutting of the side boards without cutting by means of cutting operations with knives of finite thickness runs the risk of premature splitting and tearing out of wood.

Um dies zu vermeiden, wurden mit dem Zusatzpatent 2 751 238 bereits zusätzliche Führungsleisten für das unter Abarbeitung befindliche Model beansprucht, die jeweils zwischen einem Messer und der dem nächsten Messer vorgelagerten Druckleiste angeordnet sind.In order to avoid this, the additional patent 2 751 238 has already claimed additional guide strips for the model being processed, which are each arranged between one knife and the pressure strip upstream of the next knife.

Während die Druckleisten dafür vorgesehen sind in unmittelbarer Messerschneidennähe einen Druck auf die Holzoberfläche auszuüben, um ein vorzeitiges Abspalten des nächsten zu erzeugenden Brettes zu verhindern, und dementsprechend eine nur verhältnismäßig geringe An druckfläche aufweisen, weisen die zusätzlich zwischengeschalteten Führungsleisten eine gegenüber den Druckleisten wesentlich größere Anlagefläche auf, da sie weniger einen hohen örtlichen Druck ausüben sollen, sondern das Model vor dem nächsten Tennvorgang wieder in einer gewünschten Ausrichtung führen, falls dieses beispielsweise infolge unterschiedlicher Holzhärte auf beiden Seiten des Stammes eine Tendenz zeigen sollte, seitlich auszuweichen. Es hatte sich herausgestellt, daß ohne eine solche zusätzliche Führung eine annehmbare Oberflächenqualität der abgetrennten Bretter meist nicht erreicht werden kann. Weiterhin üben die Führungsleisten eine glättende Wirkung auf die äußere Holzoberfläche aus, wenn man zusätzlich berücksichtigt, daß auch diese Führungsleisten durch ihre feste Anbringung an den schwingenden Messerrahmen ständig nicht nur eine Relativbewegung in Vorschubrichtung des Holzes zu der Holzoberfläche ausüben, sondern darüber hinaus auch eine kreisende oder oszillierende Bewegung, die zumindest unter einem Winkel zur Vorschubrichtung verläuft.While the pressure bars are intended to exert pressure on the wood surface in the immediate vicinity of the knife edge to prevent premature splitting off of the next board to be produced, and accordingly have only a relatively small pressure area, the additionally interposed guide bars have a substantially larger contact surface than the pressure bars because they are not supposed to exert a high local pressure, but rather guide the model in a desired orientation again before the next firing process, if this should show a tendency to move sideways, for example due to different wood hardness on both sides of the trunk. It had turned out that without such additional guidance, an acceptable surface quality of the cut boards could usually not be achieved. Furthermore, the guide strips exert a smoothing effect on the outer wooden surface, if one also takes into account that these guide strips, due to their fixed attachment to the swinging knife frame, not only constantly exert a relative movement in the direction of advance of the wood to the wooden surface, but also a circular motion or oscillating movement that is at least at an angle to the feed direction.

Bei den aus den beiden genannten Patentschriften bekanten Vorrichtungen werden die beiden seitlichen Messergruppen entsprechend dem gerade zu verarbeitenden Stammdurchmesser bzw. entsprechend der Stärke des letztlich zu erzeugenden Kantholzes auf einen bestimmten seitlichen Abstand zu Längsachse des Vorschubweges fest eingestellt. Wenn in der DE-PS-2 751 238 die Rede davon ist, daß die Führungsleisten von beiden Seiten einen Druck auf den Holzstamm ausüben, so wird dieser Druck im wesentlichen durch die Reaktion des elastischen Holzmateriales selbst erzeugt. Dies ist einleuchtend, wenn man die Messer und Führungsleistenanordnung in der beigefügten Zeichnung betrachtet. Die den ersten Messern vorgeschalteten Führungsleisten wurden bei der bekannten Vorgehensweise derart fest eingestellt, daß ihr seitlicher Abstand der Abmessung des meist vorher seitlich angeflachten Stammes entsprach, wobei durch eine geringfügige Verengung gegenüber den Stammdurchmesser eine Führung unter gewissem Druck erreicht werden konnte. Die Andruckwirkung der weiteren Führungsleisten war einerseits durch die Abstufung ihrer Einstellung innerhalb des Messerrahmens sowie durch die Einstellung der Messer bestimmt. Nimmt ein bestimmtes Messer mehr Holz ab als vorgesehen, so kann dadurch der Andruck der nachfolgenden Führungsleiste vermindert werden. Andererseits besitzt das Holz eine bestimmte Rückfederungswirkung, so daß bei richtiger Einstellung von Messer und nachfolgender Führungsleiste dennoch eine Druckwirkung zwischen dem Holz und den beiden sich gegenüberlieganden Führungsleisten besteht.In the devices known from the two cited patents, the two lateral knife groups are fixed to a certain lateral distance from the longitudinal axis of the feed path in accordance with the trunk diameter to be processed or the thickness of the squared timber ultimately to be produced. If it is mentioned in DE-PS-2 751 238 that the guide strips exert pressure on the log from both sides, this pressure is essentially generated by the reaction of the elastic wood material itself. This is obvious when looking at the knife and guide bar assembly in the accompanying drawing. The guide strips upstream of the first knives were set so firmly in the known procedure that their lateral spacing corresponded to the dimension of the trunk, which was usually flattened laterally, whereby a guide under certain pressure could be achieved by a slight narrowing compared to the trunk diameter. The pressure effect of the other guide strips was determined on the one hand by the gradation of their setting within the knife frame and by the setting of the knives. If a certain knife takes more wood than intended, the pressure on the following guide bar can be reduced. On the other hand, the wood has a certain springback effect, so that with the correct setting of the knife and the subsequent guide bar, nevertheless There is pressure between the wood and the two opposite guide rails.

Wie aus den vorstehenden Ausführungen abzuleiten ist, können die Verhältnisse auch unter Verwendung der zusätzlichen Führungsleisten nach wie vor verhältnismäßig undefiniert sein, was sich nachteilig auf die Qualität der gewonnenen Erzeugnisse auswirkt. Außerdem ist zu beachten, daß sich unterschiedlicher oder wechselnder Druck der Andruck- und Führungsleisten auch auf deren Reibungsverluste auf der Holzoberfläche und somit auf die Energieaufnahme durch die Schwingantriebe der Messergruppen und insgesammt auf die Energieaufnahme des Vorschubantriebes auswirkt.As can be deduced from the above explanations, the conditions can still be relatively undefined even when using the additional guide strips, which has an adverse effect on the quality of the products obtained. It should also be noted that different or changing pressure of the pressure and guide strips also affects their frictional losses on the wooden surface and thus the energy consumption by the oscillating drives of the knife groups and overall the energy consumption of the feed drive.

Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, im Interesse einer Verbesserung der erhaltenen Erzeugnisqualität und einer kostengünstigeren Betriebsweise durch geringere Energieaufnahme die Verhältnisse innerhalb der Vorrichtung konstanter und beeinflußbar zu gestalten.The invention is therefore based on the object of making the conditions within the device more constant and influenceable in the interest of improving the product quality obtained and a more cost-effective mode of operation by means of lower energy consumption.

Dies wird bei einer Vorrichtung der eingangs bezeichneten Art erfindungsgemäß dadurch erreicht, daß die eine der Schneidgruppen auf einen bestimmten Abstand von der Längsachse der Vorschubeinrichtung fest einstellbar und die gegenüberliegende Schneidgruppe mit definiertem Druck gegen den in Bearbeitung befindlichen Stamm anpreßbar ist.This is achieved according to the invention in a device of the type mentioned at the outset in that one of the cutting groups can be fixed at a certain distance from the longitudinal axis of the feed device and the opposite cutting group can be pressed with a defined pressure against the trunk being processed.

Der für eine solche Anpressung erforderliche Hub braucht nur verhältnismäßig klein zu sein, weswegen die beiden sich gegenüberliegenden Schneidgruppen für ihre symmetrische Grundeinstellung je nach Dicke des zu verarbeitenden Holzes zweckmäßigerweise beide auf quer zur Transportrichtung verschiebbaren Schnitten angeordnet werden, die dann jedoch für die Verarbeitung einer bestimmten Holzdicke fest eingestellt werden. Die anpreßbare Schneidgruppe ist dann vorteilhafterweise zusätzlich zu dem zugehörigen Schlitten und relativ zu diesem für den Anpreßhub in Querrichtung verschiebbar, wobei der Anpreßantrieb am zugehörigen Schlitten angreifen muß.The stroke required for such pressing only needs to be relatively small, which is why the two opposing cutting groups for their symmetrical basic setting, depending on the thickness of the wood to be processed, are expediently both arranged on cuts which can be displaced transversely to the transport direction, but which are then used for processing a specific one Wood thickness can be fixed. The pressing group can then advantageously be displaced in the transverse direction in addition to the associated slide and relative to it for the pressing stroke, the pressing drive having to engage the associated slide.

Aus praktischen Gründen ist es zweckmäßig, die anpreßbare Schneidgruppe in ihrer Anstellbewegung parallel zu führen. Insoweit die einzelnen Elemente der anpreßbaren Schneidgruppe richtig eingestellt sind, wird durch eine solche Ausführung ein zufriedenstellender Erfolg erzielt. Es ist natürlich auch möglich, die anpreßbare Schneidgruppe um eine senkrechte Achse schwenkbar anzulenken, so daß sich der Anpreßdruck jeweils gleichmäßig auf die gesamte Länge der Schneidgruppe verteilt. Bei einer solchen Ausführung müßten jedoch besondere Vorkehrungen getroffen werden, die jeweils den Zustand bei Einführen eines neuen Stammes in die Bearbeitungseinhet berücksichtigen. Bei einer Parallelführung der anpreßbaren Schneidgruppe reicht es aus, vor den Schneidgruppen einen Sensor, beispielsweise eine Lichtschranke vorzusehen, die das Vorhandensein von Holz abfühlt und den Anpreßantrieb entsprechend betätigt. Dafür können bei einem Hell-Dunkel-Übergang entsprechend einem Stammanfang und einem Dunkel-Hell-Übergang entsprechend einem Stammende der Vorschubgeschwindigkeit entsprechende unterschiedliche Verzögerungszeiten für das Anpressen bzw. Lösen des Anpreßantriebes vorgesehen werden.For practical reasons, it is expedient to guide the pressing-on cutting group parallel in its positioning movement. Insofar as the individual elements of the pressing group can be set correctly, a satisfactory success is achieved by such a design. It is of course also possible to pivot the pressing-on cutting group about a vertical axis so that the contact pressure is distributed evenly over the entire length of the cutting group. With such an implementation, however, special precautions would have to be taken, each taking into account the state when a new trunk was introduced into the processing unit. When the pressing group can be pressed in parallel, it is sufficient to provide a sensor, for example a light barrier, in front of the cutting groups, which sensor senses the presence of wood and actuates the pressing drive accordingly. For a light-dark transition corresponding to a log start and a dark-light transition corresponding to a log end corresponding to the feed rate, different delay times for pressing or releasing the pressure drive can be provided.

Bei einer schwenkbar gelagerten, anpreßbaren Schneidgruppe müßte bei Einführen eines neuen Stammanfanges gewährleistet sein, daß die Enden der beiden Schneidgruppen nicht zu weit zusammengeführt werden, bevor der Stammanfang das Ende der Schineidgruppe erreicht hat. Dies könnte beispielsweise dadurch geschehen, daß ein ausfahrbarer Anschlag die Schneidgruppen am Ende in bestimmtem Abstand hält, bis das Eintreffen des Stammamfanges dort signalisiert wird und der Anschlag entsprechend zurückgefahren werden kann.In the case of a pivotally mounted, pressing-on cutting group, it should be ensured when introducing a new start of the trunk that the ends of the two cutting groups are not brought together too far before the beginning of the trunk has reached the end of the shingled group. This could happen, for example, in that an extendable stop keeps the cutting groups at a certain distance at the end until the arrival of the beginning of the trunk is signaled there and the stop can be retracted accordingly.

Auch kann es unter bestimmten Voraussetzungen zweckmäßig sein, die anpreßbaren Schneidgruppen sektionsweise auszuführen, wobei eine Parallelführung in der Anstellbewegung beibehalten werden kann, dennoch aber eine individuelle Druckverteilung erreichbar ist.Under certain conditions, it may also be expedient to carry out the pressing-on cutting groups section by section, wherein a parallel guidance in the positioning movement can be maintained, but an individual pressure distribution can nevertheless be achieved.

Als Anpreßantreibe können hydraulische oder pneumatische Zylinder vorgesehen werden, es sind aber ebensogut auch elektromotorische und andere Antriebe möglich. Die Rückfahrbewegung der anpreßbaren Schneidgruppe wird zweckmäßigerweise durch Anschläge am zugehörigen Schlitten begrenzt, wodurch sich der Bewegungshub im lediglich erforderlichen geringen Ausmaß halten läßt.Hydraulic or pneumatic cylinders can be provided as the pressure drive, but electromotive and other drives are equally possible. The return movement of the contact group which can be pressed on is expediently limited by stops on the associated slide, as a result of which the movement stroke can be kept to the merely necessary small extent.

Bei einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Vorrichtung ist vorgesehen, vor den ersten zu den Schneidgruppen gehörigen Führungsleisten weitere Führungsflächen vorzusehen, die unabhängig von der Anpreßbewegung des einen Schneidrahmens in fest eingestelltem Abstand zueinander verbleiben. Diese Führungsflächen werden durch die symmetrische Einstellbewegung der die Schneidgruppen tragenden Schlitten auf einen für einen bestimmten Stammdurchmesser erforderlichen festen Abstand eingestellt. Für die Verarbeitung von Rundholzstämmen ist es zweckmäßig, die beiden seitlichen Flächen des Stammes, die zwischen diese vorgeschalteten, fest eingestellten Führungsflächen gelangen, vorher anzuflachen. Zu diesem Zweck sind den Führungsflächen daher vorteilhafterweise noch Fräsköpfe vorgeschaltet. Diese Fräsköpfe werden in Abstimmung mit den Führungsflächen so eingestellt, daß die Stärke des angeflachten Stammes im wesentlichen mit dem eingestellten Abstand zwischen den Führungsflächen übereinstimmt. Es ist nicht zweckmäßig, die Vorrichtung derart auszuführen, daß die ersten Führungsleisten des anpreßbaren Schneidgruppenbereiches noch mit unebenen Stammflächen in Berührung kommen. Unter solchen Voraussetzungen wäre ein gleichmäßiges Arbeiten der nachfolgenden Messergruppen nicht gewährleistet.In a preferred embodiment of the device, provision is made to provide further guide surfaces in front of the first guide strips belonging to the cutting groups, which guide surfaces remain at a fixed distance from one another irrespective of the pressing movement of the one cutting frame. These guide surfaces are set to a fixed distance required for a specific trunk diameter by the symmetrical adjustment movement of the slides carrying the cutting groups. For the processing of logs, it is advisable to first flatten the two lateral surfaces of the trunk that come between these upstream, fixed guide surfaces. For this purpose, milling heads are therefore advantageously connected upstream of the guide surfaces. These milling heads are adjusted in coordination with the guide surfaces so that the thickness of the flattened trunk essentially corresponds to the set distance between the guide surfaces. It is not appropriate to design the device in such a way that the first Guide strips of the pressing-on cutting group area still come into contact with uneven trunk surfaces. Under such conditions, the subsequent knife groups would not work evenly.

Im folgenden wird ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung unter Hinweis auf die beigefügten Zeichnungen im einzelnen näher beschrieben. Die Fig. 1 reicht aus, um die Merkmale der vorliegenden Erfindung zu erläutern. Für ein besseres Verständnis der Vorrichtung im Hinblick auf ihre übrige Ausführumng wird auf die beiden eingangs erwähnten Patentschriften verwiesen. Die Zeichnungen stellen dar:

  • Figur 1: Eine Draufsicht auf die Vorrichtung mit einem Stellantrieb und
  • Figur 2: eine Draufsicht auf die Vorrichtung mit zwei Stellantrieben
In the following an embodiment of the invention is described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. 1 is sufficient to explain the features of the present invention. For a better understanding of the device with regard to its rest of execution, reference is made to the two patents mentioned at the beginning. The drawings show:
  • Figure 1: A plan view of the device with an actuator and
  • Figure 2: a plan view of the device with two actuators

Der in Draufsicht Figur 1 dargestellte Teil der Vorrichtung besteht aus einer Stammeinzugseinrichtung 1 mit einer Reihe von paarweise angeordneten, symmetrisch zusammenschwenkbaren angetriebenen Einzugswalzen 2 sowie der nachgeschalteten Bearbeitungseinrichtung 3. Diese weist einen Grundrahmen 4 auf, der insgesamt mit dem (nicht dargestellten) Schwingantrieb für die Schneidgruppen versehen sein kann. Der Grundrahmen 4 enthält Querführungen 5, auf denen Schlitten 6 mittels eines Spindelantriebes 7 symmetrisch zur Längsachse der Stammeinzugseinrichtung parallel geführt aufeinander zu oder voneinander weg bewegt werden können. Jeder dieser Schlitten 6 ist in seinem sich an die Stammeinzugseinrichtuing 1 anschließenden Eingangsbereich mit einem um eine senkrechte Achse rotierbar angetriebenen Fräser 8 versehen, der dem Anflachen jeweils einer seitlichen Fläche des in Verarbeitung befindlichen Baumstammes 9 dient. Auf die Fräser 8 folgen Führungsflächen 10, die sich in Berührung mit den angeflachten Seiten des Baumstames 9 befinden. Bei Verarbeitung von Kantholz bzw. bereits seitlich angeflachten Stämmen können die Fräser 8 relativ zu den Schlitten 6 außer Eingriff mit dem in Verarbeitung befindlichen Stamm oder Model 9 zurückgefahren werden. Die Führungsflächen 10 sind zwar im allgemeinen einstellbar in bezug auf die Schlitten 6 ausgeführt, sie werden aber in Zusammenwirken mit der Eindringtiefe der Fräser 8 auf eine feste Position auf den Schlitten 6 eingestellt.The part of the device shown in plan view in FIG. 1 consists of a trunk feed device 1 with a series of paired, symmetrically pivotable driven feed rollers 2 and the downstream processing device 3. This has a base frame 4, which is provided with the (not shown) oscillating drive for the Cutting groups can be provided. The base frame 4 contains transverse guides 5, on which the slide 6 can be moved towards or away from one another in a guided manner parallel to the longitudinal axis of the log feed device by means of a spindle drive 7. Each of these slides 6 is provided in its entrance area adjoining the trunk intake device 1 with a milling cutter 8 which is rotatably driven about a vertical axis and which serves to flatten a lateral surface of the tree trunk 9 being processed. The milling cutters 8 are followed by guide surfaces 10 which are in contact with the flattened sides of the tree trunk 9. When processing squared timber or logs already flattened on the side, the milling cutters 8 can be moved back relative to the slide 6 out of engagement with the log or model 9 being processed. Although the guide surfaces 10 are generally adjustable with respect to the slide 6, they are adjusted to a fixed position on the slide 6 in cooperation with the depth of penetration of the milling cutters 8.

Auf die Führungsflächen 10 folgt eine Lichtschranke 11, deren Empfänger bzw. Sender jeweils auf einem der Schlitten 6 angebracht ist. Diese Lichtschranke 11 signalisiert, ob sich ein Stamm im Eintrittsbereich der Bearbeitungseinrichtung 3 befindet. Hinter der Lichtschranke 11 sind nun die gestaffelten Schneidgruppen als wesentliche Elemente der Bearbeitungseinrichtung angeordnet. Während die Schneidgruppe 12 fest auf dem zugehörigen Schlitten 6 angebracht ist, ist die in der Zeichnung unten dargestellte Schneidgruppe 13 auf einem getrennten Rahmen 14 angebracht, der in Querrichtung zur Vorschubrichtung des Holzes 9 relativ zu dem zugehörigen Schlitten 6 um einen begrenzten Hub verschiebbar ist. In seiner Bewegung relativ zum Schlitten 6 ist der Rahmen 14 ebenfalls durch (nicht gezeigte) Mittel parallel geführt, so daß er sich bei seiner Bewegung nicht verkanten kann. Antriebsmäßig ist der Rahmen 14 mit dem zugehörigen Schlitten 6 über einen beispielsweise hydaulischen Stellantrieb 15 verbunden, dessen Zylinder 16 an Schlitten 6 angebracht, und dessen Kolbenstange 17 am Rahmen 14 angelenkt ist. Zur Begrenzung des Rückholhubes zwischen Rahmen 14 und Schlitten 6 sind Anschläge 18 vorgesehen.A light barrier 11 follows the guide surfaces 10, the receiver or transmitter of which is mounted on one of the slides 6. This light barrier 11 signals whether there is a trunk in the entry area of the processing device 3. The staggered cutting groups are now arranged as essential elements of the processing device behind the light barrier 11. While the cutting group 12 is firmly attached to the associated carriage 6, the cutting group 13 shown in the drawing below is mounted on a separate frame 14 which can be displaced in the transverse direction to the direction of advance of the wood 9 relative to the associated carriage 6 by a limited stroke. In its movement relative to the carriage 6, the frame 14 is also guided in parallel by means (not shown) so that it cannot tilt during its movement. In terms of drive, the frame 14 is connected to the associated slide 6 via a hydraulic actuator 15, for example, the cylinder 16 of which is attached to the slide 6 and the piston rod 17 is articulated on the frame 14. To limit the return stroke between frame 14 and slide 6, stops 18 are provided.

Jede der Schneidgruppen 12, 13 besteht aus einer Reihe von Messereinheiten 19, die jede ein in einem Messerträger 20 eingespanntes Messer 21 aufweisen. Die Messerträger 20 sind jeweils mit Druckleisten 22 und Führungsleisten 23 versehen, wie dies ausführlich in der DE-PS-2 751 238 beschrieben ist. Lediglich im Bereich des ersten und letzten Messers sind entsprechend abweichende Anordnungen vorgesehen.Each of the cutting groups 12, 13 consists of a series of knife units 19, each of which has a knife 21 clamped in a knife holder 20. The knife carriers 20 are each provided with pressure strips 22 and guide strips 23, as is described in detail in DE-PS-2 751 238. Correspondingly different arrangements are provided only in the area of the first and last knife.

Zum Abziehen der seitlich abgetrennten Bretter 24 sind Auszugs- und Richtsysteme 25 angeordnet, die die Bretter einerseits aus dem Arbeitsbereich entfernen und andererseits die durch den Abtrennvorgang eingetretene Krümmung der Bretter wieder rückgängig machen. Das verbleibende Kantholz 26 wird mittels einer nur schematisch angedeuteten Auszugseinrichtung 27 entfernt.To pull off the laterally separated boards 24, pull-out and straightening systems 25 are arranged, which on the one hand remove the boards from the work area and on the other hand undo the curvature of the boards which has occurred as a result of the cutting process. The remaining squared timber 26 is removed by means of a pull-out device 27 which is only indicated schematically.

Beim Betrieb der Vorrichtung werden die Schlitten 6 mit den Fräsern 8 und den Führungsflächen 10 auf einen bestimmten, dem zu verarbeitenden Stammdurchmesser entsprechenden Abstand zusammengefahren und in dieser Stellung arretiert. Der Stellantrieb 15 des Rahmens 14 ist zurückgefahren, so daß der Rahmen 14 an den Anschlägen 18 des Schlittens 6 anliegt. Tritt ein Holzstamm 9 nach dem Anflachen seiner beiden Seiten durch die Fräser 8 zwischen die Führungsflächen 10 und in die Lichtschranke 11, so signalisiert letztere das Vorhandensein von Holz und veranlaßt den hydraulischen Stellantrieb 15, die im Rahmen 14 angeordnete Schneidgruppe 13 gegen das Model anzupressen. Beim Einschnitt von Hölzern gleicher Dimension kann die Schneidgruppe 13 in ihrer voreingestellten Position verbleiben, so daß Hölzer kontinuierlich, d.h. ohne Abstand bearbeitet werden können. Beim Einschnitt unterschiedlicher Holzdimensionen wird, nachdem das Holz die Schneidgruppen 12 und 13 sowie eine im Austrittsbereich vorgesehene Lichtschranke 28 verlassen hat, der Rahmen 14 mittels Stellantrieb 15 zurück an die Anschläge 18 gefahren.When the device is in operation, the carriages 6 are moved together with the milling cutters 8 and the guide surfaces 10 to a specific distance corresponding to the trunk diameter to be processed and are locked in this position. The actuator 15 of the frame 14 is retracted so that the frame 14 bears against the stops 18 of the carriage 6. If a log 9 occurs after flattening its two sides through the milling cutters 8 between the guide surfaces 10 and into the light barrier 11, the latter signals the presence of wood and causes the hydraulic actuator 15 to press the cutting group 13 arranged in the frame 14 against the model. When cutting wood of the same dimension, the cutting group 13 can remain in its preset position, so that wood is continuous, i.e. can be edited without space. When cutting different wood dimensions, after the wood has left the cutting groups 12 and 13 and a light barrier 28 provided in the exit area, the frame 14 is moved back to the stops 18 by means of an actuator 15.

Es ist wesentlich darauf hinzuweisen, daß die eine geringe Andruckfläche aufweisenden Druckleisten 22 im allgemeinen so einzustellen sind, daß sie gegenüber den großflächigeren Führungsleisten 23 zur Längsachse der Vorrichtung hin etwas vorspringen. Dadurch wird gewährleistet, daß die Andruckleisten 22 immer mit einer bestimmten Eindringtiefe und auch einer ziemlich genau festgelegten Anpreßkraft vor dem nachfolgenden Messer in das Holz eindringen und so für konstante Schneidbedingungen sorgen. Dabei schließen die Führungsleisten 23 den in Abarbeitung befindlichen Stamm zwischen sich ein und üben von beiden Seiten einen verhältnismäßig konstanten und wählbaren Druck auf das Holz aus. Es hat sich gezeigt, daß durch diese Maßnahme ein Erzeugnis wesentlich verbesserter Qualität erhalten werden kann.It is important to note that the pressure bars 22, which have a small pressure area, are generally set in this way are that they protrude somewhat towards the longitudinal axis of the device in relation to the larger guide strips 23. This ensures that the pressure strips 22 always penetrate into the wood with a certain depth of penetration and also a fairly precisely defined contact pressure in front of the subsequent knife and thus ensure constant cutting conditions. The guide strips 23 enclose the trunk being processed between them and exert a relatively constant and selectable pressure on the wood from both sides. It has been shown that a product of substantially improved quality can be obtained through this measure.

In Figur 2 ist eine Vorrichtung mit zwei Stellantrieben 15, die mit unterschiedlichen Kräften beaufschlagt werden können und deren Zylinder 16 schwenkbar am Schlitten 6 angebracht sind, dargestellt. Um eine Verteilung des Anpreßdruckes auf die gesamte Länge der Schneidgruppe zu verteilen, ist diese mittels eines Anlenkers 29 am Schlitten 6 um eine senkrechte Achse schwenkbar angelenkt.FIG. 2 shows a device with two actuators 15, which can be subjected to different forces and whose cylinders 16 are pivotably attached to the slide 6. In order to distribute the contact pressure over the entire length of the cutting group, this is articulated by means of a link 29 on the carriage 6 so as to be pivotable about a vertical axis.

Claims (9)

1. Apparatus for producing squared timber (26) under chipless separation of a sequence of boards (24) from opposite sides of a log (9) in several immediately successive cutting steps in a longitudinal direction of the log, said apparatus comprising a feeding means (1) for receiving and advancing the log longitudinally, and a working means (3) in which at opposite sides of the log to be worked several knives (21) staggered one behind the other are combined on each side to a blade bank (12, 13) each of which is drivable for a joint oscillating movement, each knife being preceded by a pressure bar respectively, and a guide bar which engages the working surface of the log being provided between each knife and the pressure bar (22) of the subsequent knife and, if applicable, in front of the first pressure bar and behind the last knife of each blade bank, respectively, said guide strip being connected to the respective blade bank (12,13), characterized in that one (12) of the blade banks (12,13) is adapted to be set to a defined distance from the logitudinal axis of the feeding means (1) and the opposite blade bank (13) is adapted to be biased with a defined pressure toward the log (9) being processed.
2. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the blade banks (12, 13) are mounted on separate carriages (6) which are adjustable in symmetry and in a direction transversely of the axis of the feeding means (1), and that the blade bank (13) adapted to be biased with a defined pressure is movably guided relative to its carriage (6) in a direction transversely of the axis of the feeding means (1) for a defined stroke and is provided with a biasing drive (15) which is supported by the associated carriage (6).
3. Apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the biasable blade bank (13) is guided for parallel movement in its transverse movability.
4. Apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the biasable blade bank is pivotally mounted about a vertical axis for guaranteing a uniform pressure over the entire length of the blade bank (13).
5. Apparatus according to anyone of claims 1 - 4, characterized in that the drive (15) of the biasable blade bank (13) consists of a hydraulic or pneumatic cylinder (16, 17).
6. Apparatus according to claim 5, characterized in that the drive (15) is controlled by a sensor (11) which responds to the presence, or respectively. absence of a log (9) upstream of the blade banks (12, 13).
7. Apparatus according to anyone of claims 2 - 6, characterized in that the carriages (6) supporting the blade banks (12, 13) are provided respectively upstream of the blade banks (12, 13) with additional lateral guide surfaces (10) for the log (9) which are adapted to be fixedly set symmetrically to the axis of the feeding means (1) independent from the biasing capability of the one blade bank (13).
8. Apparatus according to claim 7, characterized in that the additional guide surfaces (10) are preceded by milling tools (8) for lateral flattening of the log (9).
9. Apparatus according to anyone of claims 1 - 8, characterized in that the pressure bars (22) preceding each knife (21), respectively, are projecting to a certain extent towards the longitudinal axis of the feeding means (1) beyond the respective guide bars (23).
EP84113261A 1983-11-30 1984-11-03 Apparatus for the production of squared timber from logs by slicing boards on opposite sides thereof Expired EP0144003B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT84113261T ATE43529T1 (en) 1983-11-30 1984-11-03 DEVICE FOR PRODUCING TIMBER BY CUTTING SIDE BOARDS WITHOUT CUTTING.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3343294 1983-11-28
DE19833343294 DE3343294A1 (en) 1983-11-30 1983-11-30 DEVICE FOR PRODUCING CANNED WOOD BY SPANLESS SEPARATION OF SIDEBOARDS

Publications (3)

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EP0144003A2 EP0144003A2 (en) 1985-06-12
EP0144003A3 EP0144003A3 (en) 1987-03-04
EP0144003B1 true EP0144003B1 (en) 1989-05-31

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EP (1) EP0144003B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE43529T1 (en)
CA (1) CA1230036A (en)
DE (2) DE3343294A1 (en)
FI (1) FI80627C (en)
SU (1) SU1356955A3 (en)
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DE3478415D1 (en) 1989-07-06
ZA849250B (en) 1985-07-31
FI80627C (en) 1990-07-10
FI844630L (en) 1985-05-31
DE3343294A1 (en) 1985-06-05
FI844630A0 (en) 1984-11-26
ATE43529T1 (en) 1989-06-15
FI80627B (en) 1990-03-30
CA1230036A (en) 1987-12-08
EP0144003A3 (en) 1987-03-04
EP0144003A2 (en) 1985-06-12
SU1356955A3 (en) 1987-11-30
US4589456A (en) 1986-05-20

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