EP0134162B1 - Alliages de néodyme et leur procédé de fabrication - Google Patents

Alliages de néodyme et leur procédé de fabrication Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0134162B1
EP0134162B1 EP84401307A EP84401307A EP0134162B1 EP 0134162 B1 EP0134162 B1 EP 0134162B1 EP 84401307 A EP84401307 A EP 84401307A EP 84401307 A EP84401307 A EP 84401307A EP 0134162 B1 EP0134162 B1 EP 0134162B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
neodymium
metal
process according
halide
calcium
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP84401307A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0134162A1 (fr
Inventor
Françoise Seon
Bernard Boudot
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Rhodia Chimie SAS
Original Assignee
Rhone Poulenc Chimie SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from FR8311139A external-priority patent/FR2548687B1/fr
Application filed by Rhone Poulenc Chimie SA filed Critical Rhone Poulenc Chimie SA
Priority to AT84401307T priority Critical patent/ATE45989T1/de
Publication of EP0134162A1 publication Critical patent/EP0134162A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0134162B1 publication Critical patent/EP0134162B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C28/00—Alloys based on a metal not provided for in groups C22C5/00 - C22C27/00
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B5/00—General methods of reducing to metals
    • C22B5/02—Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes
    • C22B5/04—Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes by aluminium, other metals or silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B59/00—Obtaining rare earth metals

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to neodymium alloys and their manufacturing process.
  • ceric rare earth metals a designation which includes lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium and neodymium, the latter is the only metal that cannot be manufactured industrially by electrolysis of these salts. Indeed, it is mentioned in the article by T. KURITA (Denki Kagaku, 1967, 35 (7) p. 496-501) that yields of 6 to 20% of pure neodymium are obtained by electrolysis in a molten bath - neodymium chloride, potassium chloride -.
  • neodymium alloys more particularly neodymium and magnesium alloys, which consists in using neodymium chloride, an alkali metal and magnesium, all the reagents being introduced and kept in the molten state throughout the duration of the reaction.
  • the objective of the present invention is to have new neodymium alloys obtained according to an industrial manufacturing process.
  • the rare earth metal involved in said alloys is therefore any metal belonging to the group formed by yttrium and lanthanides, except samarium, europium and ytterbium.
  • a “rare earth metal” or a mixture of rare earth metals chosen from the group defined above will be simplifiedly designated by “metal TR”.
  • neodymium halide neodymium fluoride or neodymium chloride or a mixture thereof is used.
  • neodymium fluoride is used.
  • the halide used is of high purity, that is to say free of residual oxide and of oxyhalide and that it be dry: its water content must be less than 5% and preferably less than 2%.
  • Neodymium fluoride is available in an anhydrous state because it is a low hygroscopic product.
  • neodymium chloride exists in the form of hydrates containing 6 to 7 moles of water per mole of neodymium chloride. It is generally prepared by the reaction of hydrochloric acid and neodymium sesquioxide.
  • this chloride requires a drying step at a temperature between 100 ° C and 500 ° C but preferably between 200 ° C and 250 ° C.
  • This treatment is also suitable for neodymium fluoride.
  • the drying time can vary between 2 and 24 hours.
  • the particle size of the neodymium halide may vary. It is commercially available in the form of a powder, the particle size of which varies from 40 to 150 ⁇ m.
  • the particle size influencing the reduction speed it is recommended that the powder is fine which can lead to a grinding operation so that the average diameter of the particles of neodymium halide is less than 100 wm. There is no lower diameter limit.
  • halide of. TR metal you can choose a TR metal fluoride, a TR metal chloride or their mixture.
  • the fluoride of the metal TR is used.
  • the properties required and the conditions for using the metal halide TR are identical to those of the neodymium halide.
  • the reducing metal used in the process of the invention can be an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal or a mixture thereof. Mention may be made, as alkali metal, of sodium, lithium or potassium and, as alkaline earth metal, of calcium or magnesium.
  • Calcium or magnesium is preferably used and even more preferably calcium.
  • the reducing metal is used in the form in which it is sold, whether it is in the state solid or in the form of pellets or balls.
  • a preferred variant of the process of the invention consists in adding to the reaction medium calcium chloride or calcium fluoride as the case may be in order to lower the melting point and the density of the slag formed in the reaction so that the formed alloy neodymium-iron separates more easily.
  • the aim being to obtain a CaF 2 -CaCI 2 slag, the addition when the source of neodymium is neodymium fluoride or neodymium chloride, respectively calcium chloride or calcium fluoride. If the neodymium halide is a mixture of fluoride and chloride, a mixture of chloride and calcium fluoride is added in order to obtain a CaF 2 -CaCI 2 mixture having the composition defined later.
  • calcium chloride should be added when using neodymium fluoride and a metal fluoride TR and calcium fluoride when using uses neodymium chloride and a metal chloride TR. If the neodymium halide or TR metal is a mixture of fluoride and chloride or if the neodymium halides and TR metal are different in nature, it is necessary to add a CaF 2 -CaCIp mixture in order to have the desired composition.
  • the process of the invention consists in mixing a neodymium halide, a metal halide TR, a reducing metal, iron and optionally a calcium halide in the proportions given below. '°
  • the quantity of TR metal halide used is calculated according to the composition of the desired alloy. It will preferably be defined so that the metal TR represents less than 50% of the weight of the mixture consisting of neodymium and the metal TR and more preferably still less than 10%.
  • the amount of reducing metal can vary within wide limits. However, it is advantageous to use a quantity sufficient to reduce the neodymium halide and possibly the metal halide TR but it should not be too large if one does not wish to find it, of a importantly, in the final alloy.
  • the amount of reducing metal is at least equal to the stoichiometric amount or even in slight excess, up to 20% of the stoichiometric amount.
  • the amount of iron is adjusted according to the desired composition of the alloy. It is such that a fusible alloy with neodymium and iron is obtained at the reaction temperature. It is calculated so that iron represents from 5 to 30% of the weight of the alloy obtained.
  • the amount of calcium halide added is adjusted in order to obtain a slag containing from 30 to 70% by weight of calcium chloride and preferably 60 to 70%.
  • the various halides of neodymium, of metal TR and of calcium and the abovementioned metals constitute “a filler” having the desired weight composition.
  • the constituents of this charge can be reacted in any order: by simultaneous mixing of all the constituents or by making premixes, on the one hand, the halides of neodymium, calcium, metal TR and d on the other hand the reducing metal and iron.
  • the reaction is carried out at a temperature between 800 ° C and 1100 ° C.
  • the upper temperature limit is not critical and can reach a value as high as 1400 ° C.
  • a temperature between 900 ° C and 1100 ° C is chosen.
  • the reaction is carried out at atmospheric pressure but in an inert gas atmosphere.
  • rare gases including argon. It is desirable to subject the rare gas to a dehydration and deoxygenation treatment carried out according to the usual techniques, for example by passage through a molecular sieve.
  • the inert atmosphere is maintained throughout the reduction.
  • the duration of the reaction depends on the capacity of the apparatus and its ability to rapidly rise in temperature. Generally, once the desired temperature is reached, it is maintained for a variable duration of approximately 30 minutes to 3 hours.
  • a metallic phase consisting of the neodymium-iron alloy on which floats a slag consisting of CaF 2 -CaCI 2 having a density lower than that of the alloy.
  • the alloy can be immediately separated from the slag by hot casting or allowed to cool under an inert gas atmosphere at room temperature (15 to 25 ° C) so that the alloy solidifies and can then be removed from the mold.
  • the yield of rare earth metals (neodymium + metal TR) expressed relative to to the rare earth metals contained in the halides used varies from 75 to 95%.
  • the reduction is carried out in a crucible placed in a reactor made of a material resistant to hydrofluoric and hydrochloric vapors.
  • refractory steel for example, steel containing 25% chromium and 20% nickel but preferably inconel which is an alloy containing nickel, chromium (20%), iron (5%), molybdenum (8-10%).
  • Said reactor is equipped with a temperature control device (for example thermocouple), an inlet and an outlet for inert gases. It is provided in its upper part with a double envelope in which circulates a coolant.
  • a temperature control device for example thermocouple
  • This reactor is placed in an induction furnace or in an furnace heated by electrical resistances.
  • a crucible in which the temperature control device is immersed is placed at the bottom of the reactor. It must be made of a material resistant to neodymium halides or have a coating resistant to them. Preferably, a tantalum crucible is used.
  • the molten alloy can be cast in molds, for example, cast iron.
  • the proportion of TR metal can represent less than 50% of the weight of the mixture constituted by neodymium and TR metal and, preferably, less than 10%.
  • the alloys obtained according to the present invention are very rich in neodymium since they can contain up to 95%.
  • They can be used as master alloys in particular in the manufacture of permanent magnets.
  • a premix containing 530.8 g of calcium chloride in the dry state and 390.8 g of a mixture containing 96.4% of neodymium fluoride and 3.6% of praseodymium fluoride is then made: said mixture having an average particle diameter of 60 ⁇ m.
  • the calciothermic reduction reaction of neodymium fluoride and praseodymium fluoride is carried out in a tantalum crucible of about 1 liter placed at the bottom of an inconel reactor which is equipped of an inlet and an outlet of argon and of a thermocouple introduced into a thermometric sheath which is immersed in the reaction medium contained in the crucible: the upper part of the reactor is provided with a double envelope in which circulates cold water (about 10 ° C).
  • a temperature rise is carried out at the same time until the temperature fixed at 1100 ° C. is obtained; this temperature being kept constant for another 30 minutes.
  • 717.2 g of slag are collected and 296 g of a neodymium-praseodymium-iron alloy are recovered by hot casting in a cast iron ingot mold.
  • the yield of rare earths in the alloy expressed relative to the rare earths contained in neodymium and praseodymium fluorides is 90%.
  • Example 2 is reproduced, except that a mixture of neodymium fluoride and praseodymium fluoride is used, but a mixture containing 58% of neodymium chloride and 42% of praseodymium chloride.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Metal Powder And Suspensions Thereof (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
EP84401307A 1983-07-05 1984-06-22 Alliages de néodyme et leur procédé de fabrication Expired EP0134162B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT84401307T ATE45989T1 (de) 1983-07-05 1984-06-22 Neodymlegierungen und verfahren zur herstellung derselben.

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8311139A FR2548687B1 (fr) 1983-07-05 1983-07-05 Alliages de neodyme et leur procede de fabrication
FR8311139 1983-07-05
FR838314392A FR2551769B2 (fr) 1983-07-05 1983-09-09 Alliages de neodyme et leur procede de fabrication
FR8314392 1983-09-09

Related Child Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP88100014.5 Division-Into 1984-06-22

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0134162A1 EP0134162A1 (fr) 1985-03-13
EP0134162B1 true EP0134162B1 (fr) 1989-08-30

Family

ID=26223515

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP84401307A Expired EP0134162B1 (fr) 1983-07-05 1984-06-22 Alliages de néodyme et leur procédé de fabrication
EP88100014A Expired - Lifetime EP0272250B1 (fr) 1983-07-05 1984-06-22 Procédé de fabrication d'alliages de néodyme

Family Applications After (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP88100014A Expired - Lifetime EP0272250B1 (fr) 1983-07-05 1984-06-22 Procédé de fabrication d'alliages de néodyme

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (1) US4636353A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
EP (2) EP0134162B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS6046346A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
KR (1) KR920006603B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
AU (1) AU579579B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BR (1) BR8403289A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CA (1) CA1253721A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (2) DE3485950T2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2551769B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (1)

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RU2596563C1 (ru) * 2015-04-23 2016-09-10 Федеральное государственное унитарное предприятие "Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт авиационных материалов" (ФГУП "ВИАМ") Способ получения магнитотвердого материала

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US4612047A (en) * 1985-10-28 1986-09-16 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy Preparations of rare earth-iron alloys by thermite reduction
US4837109A (en) * 1986-07-21 1989-06-06 Hitachi Metals, Ltd. Method of producing neodymium-iron-boron permanent magnet
FR2607520B1 (fr) * 1986-11-27 1992-06-19 Comurhex Procede d'elaboration par metallothermie d'alliages purs a base de terres rares et de metaux de transition
US4917724A (en) * 1988-10-11 1990-04-17 General Motors Corporation Method of decalcifying rare earth metals formed by the reduction-diffusion process
US4992096A (en) * 1989-06-09 1991-02-12 The Dow Chemical Company Metallothermic reduction or rare earth metals
US5073337A (en) * 1990-07-17 1991-12-17 Iowa State University Research Foundation, Inc. Rare earth/iron fluoride and methods for making and using same
US5174811A (en) * 1990-10-01 1992-12-29 Iowa State University Research Foundation, Inc. Method for treating rare earth-transition metal scrap
US5087291A (en) * 1990-10-01 1992-02-11 Iowa State University Research Foundation, Inc. Rare earth-transition metal scrap treatment method
US5240513A (en) * 1990-10-09 1993-08-31 Iowa State University Research Foundation, Inc. Method of making bonded or sintered permanent magnets
US5242508A (en) * 1990-10-09 1993-09-07 Iowa State University Research Foundation, Inc. Method of making permanent magnets
US5129945A (en) * 1990-10-24 1992-07-14 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Interior Scrap treatment method for rare earth transition metal alloys
US5314526A (en) * 1990-12-06 1994-05-24 General Motors Corporation Metallothermic reduction of rare earth fluorides
US5238489A (en) * 1992-06-30 1993-08-24 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Interior Leaching/flotation scrap treatment method
US6755924B2 (en) 2001-12-20 2004-06-29 General Electric Company Method of restoration of mechanical properties of a cast nickel-based super alloy for serviced aircraft components
RU2210607C1 (ru) * 2001-12-27 2003-08-20 Институт химии и технологии редких элементов и минерального сырья им. И.В.Тананаева Кольского научного центра РАН Способ получения сплава на основе переходного и редкоземельных элементов и устройство для его осуществления
US8109349B2 (en) 2006-10-26 2012-02-07 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Thick pointed superhard material
US8622155B2 (en) * 2006-08-11 2014-01-07 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Pointed diamond working ends on a shear bit
US9051795B2 (en) 2006-08-11 2015-06-09 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Downhole drill bit
US8567532B2 (en) 2006-08-11 2013-10-29 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Cutting element attached to downhole fixed bladed bit at a positive rake angle
US9145742B2 (en) 2006-08-11 2015-09-29 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Pointed working ends on a drill bit
US8215420B2 (en) * 2006-08-11 2012-07-10 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Thermally stable pointed diamond with increased impact resistance
US8590644B2 (en) * 2006-08-11 2013-11-26 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Downhole drill bit
US8714285B2 (en) * 2006-08-11 2014-05-06 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Method for drilling with a fixed bladed bit
US7637574B2 (en) 2006-08-11 2009-12-29 Hall David R Pick assembly
US9068410B2 (en) 2006-10-26 2015-06-30 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Dense diamond body
US8960337B2 (en) 2006-10-26 2015-02-24 Schlumberger Technology Corporation High impact resistant tool with an apex width between a first and second transitions
US8540037B2 (en) * 2008-04-30 2013-09-24 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Layered polycrystalline diamond
US20110126550A1 (en) * 2008-07-08 2011-06-02 Technical University Of Denmark Magnetocaloric refrigerators
WO2010117765A1 (en) * 2009-03-30 2010-10-14 Schlumberger Canada Limited Double sintered thermally stable polycrystalline diamond cutting elements
EP2748139B1 (en) 2011-10-20 2017-04-26 Akzo Nobel Chemicals International B.V. Process for the hydrodechlorination of a liquid feed comprising dichloroacetic acid
US9505694B2 (en) 2011-10-20 2016-11-29 Akzo Nobel Chemicals International B.V. Process for the purification of a liquid feed comprising MCA and DCA
CN114891953B (zh) * 2022-03-31 2024-03-08 包头市英思特稀磁新材料股份有限公司 一种提高烧结钕铁硼出材率的方法

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2596563C1 (ru) * 2015-04-23 2016-09-10 Федеральное государственное унитарное предприятие "Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт авиационных материалов" (ФГУП "ВИАМ") Способ получения магнитотвердого материала

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
KR850001297A (ko) 1985-03-18
DE3485950D1 (de) 1992-11-05
KR920006603B1 (ko) 1992-08-10
FR2551769B2 (fr) 1990-02-02
BR8403289A (pt) 1985-06-18
US4636353A (en) 1987-01-13
DE3479595D1 (en) 1989-10-05
AU3008184A (en) 1985-01-10
JPH0224902B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1990-05-31
CA1253721A (fr) 1989-05-09
JPS6046346A (ja) 1985-03-13
DE3485950T2 (de) 1993-02-25
FR2551769A2 (fr) 1985-03-15
EP0272250A1 (fr) 1988-06-22
EP0272250B1 (fr) 1992-09-30
EP0134162A1 (fr) 1985-03-13
AU579579B2 (en) 1988-12-01

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