EP0134162B1 - Neodymlegierungen und Verfahren zur Herstellung derselben - Google Patents
Neodymlegierungen und Verfahren zur Herstellung derselben Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0134162B1 EP0134162B1 EP84401307A EP84401307A EP0134162B1 EP 0134162 B1 EP0134162 B1 EP 0134162B1 EP 84401307 A EP84401307 A EP 84401307A EP 84401307 A EP84401307 A EP 84401307A EP 0134162 B1 EP0134162 B1 EP 0134162B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- neodymium
- metal
- process according
- halide
- calcium
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C28/00—Alloys based on a metal not provided for in groups C22C5/00 - C22C27/00
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B5/00—General methods of reducing to metals
- C22B5/02—Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes
- C22B5/04—Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes by aluminium, other metals or silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B59/00—Obtaining rare earth metals
Definitions
- the present invention relates to neodymium alloys and their manufacturing process.
- ceric rare earth metals a designation which includes lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium and neodymium, the latter is the only metal that cannot be manufactured industrially by electrolysis of these salts. Indeed, it is mentioned in the article by T. KURITA (Denki Kagaku, 1967, 35 (7) p. 496-501) that yields of 6 to 20% of pure neodymium are obtained by electrolysis in a molten bath - neodymium chloride, potassium chloride -.
- neodymium alloys more particularly neodymium and magnesium alloys, which consists in using neodymium chloride, an alkali metal and magnesium, all the reagents being introduced and kept in the molten state throughout the duration of the reaction.
- the objective of the present invention is to have new neodymium alloys obtained according to an industrial manufacturing process.
- the rare earth metal involved in said alloys is therefore any metal belonging to the group formed by yttrium and lanthanides, except samarium, europium and ytterbium.
- a “rare earth metal” or a mixture of rare earth metals chosen from the group defined above will be simplifiedly designated by “metal TR”.
- neodymium halide neodymium fluoride or neodymium chloride or a mixture thereof is used.
- neodymium fluoride is used.
- the halide used is of high purity, that is to say free of residual oxide and of oxyhalide and that it be dry: its water content must be less than 5% and preferably less than 2%.
- Neodymium fluoride is available in an anhydrous state because it is a low hygroscopic product.
- neodymium chloride exists in the form of hydrates containing 6 to 7 moles of water per mole of neodymium chloride. It is generally prepared by the reaction of hydrochloric acid and neodymium sesquioxide.
- this chloride requires a drying step at a temperature between 100 ° C and 500 ° C but preferably between 200 ° C and 250 ° C.
- This treatment is also suitable for neodymium fluoride.
- the drying time can vary between 2 and 24 hours.
- the particle size of the neodymium halide may vary. It is commercially available in the form of a powder, the particle size of which varies from 40 to 150 ⁇ m.
- the particle size influencing the reduction speed it is recommended that the powder is fine which can lead to a grinding operation so that the average diameter of the particles of neodymium halide is less than 100 wm. There is no lower diameter limit.
- halide of. TR metal you can choose a TR metal fluoride, a TR metal chloride or their mixture.
- the fluoride of the metal TR is used.
- the properties required and the conditions for using the metal halide TR are identical to those of the neodymium halide.
- the reducing metal used in the process of the invention can be an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal or a mixture thereof. Mention may be made, as alkali metal, of sodium, lithium or potassium and, as alkaline earth metal, of calcium or magnesium.
- Calcium or magnesium is preferably used and even more preferably calcium.
- the reducing metal is used in the form in which it is sold, whether it is in the state solid or in the form of pellets or balls.
- a preferred variant of the process of the invention consists in adding to the reaction medium calcium chloride or calcium fluoride as the case may be in order to lower the melting point and the density of the slag formed in the reaction so that the formed alloy neodymium-iron separates more easily.
- the aim being to obtain a CaF 2 -CaCI 2 slag, the addition when the source of neodymium is neodymium fluoride or neodymium chloride, respectively calcium chloride or calcium fluoride. If the neodymium halide is a mixture of fluoride and chloride, a mixture of chloride and calcium fluoride is added in order to obtain a CaF 2 -CaCI 2 mixture having the composition defined later.
- calcium chloride should be added when using neodymium fluoride and a metal fluoride TR and calcium fluoride when using uses neodymium chloride and a metal chloride TR. If the neodymium halide or TR metal is a mixture of fluoride and chloride or if the neodymium halides and TR metal are different in nature, it is necessary to add a CaF 2 -CaCIp mixture in order to have the desired composition.
- the process of the invention consists in mixing a neodymium halide, a metal halide TR, a reducing metal, iron and optionally a calcium halide in the proportions given below. '°
- the quantity of TR metal halide used is calculated according to the composition of the desired alloy. It will preferably be defined so that the metal TR represents less than 50% of the weight of the mixture consisting of neodymium and the metal TR and more preferably still less than 10%.
- the amount of reducing metal can vary within wide limits. However, it is advantageous to use a quantity sufficient to reduce the neodymium halide and possibly the metal halide TR but it should not be too large if one does not wish to find it, of a importantly, in the final alloy.
- the amount of reducing metal is at least equal to the stoichiometric amount or even in slight excess, up to 20% of the stoichiometric amount.
- the amount of iron is adjusted according to the desired composition of the alloy. It is such that a fusible alloy with neodymium and iron is obtained at the reaction temperature. It is calculated so that iron represents from 5 to 30% of the weight of the alloy obtained.
- the amount of calcium halide added is adjusted in order to obtain a slag containing from 30 to 70% by weight of calcium chloride and preferably 60 to 70%.
- the various halides of neodymium, of metal TR and of calcium and the abovementioned metals constitute “a filler” having the desired weight composition.
- the constituents of this charge can be reacted in any order: by simultaneous mixing of all the constituents or by making premixes, on the one hand, the halides of neodymium, calcium, metal TR and d on the other hand the reducing metal and iron.
- the reaction is carried out at a temperature between 800 ° C and 1100 ° C.
- the upper temperature limit is not critical and can reach a value as high as 1400 ° C.
- a temperature between 900 ° C and 1100 ° C is chosen.
- the reaction is carried out at atmospheric pressure but in an inert gas atmosphere.
- rare gases including argon. It is desirable to subject the rare gas to a dehydration and deoxygenation treatment carried out according to the usual techniques, for example by passage through a molecular sieve.
- the inert atmosphere is maintained throughout the reduction.
- the duration of the reaction depends on the capacity of the apparatus and its ability to rapidly rise in temperature. Generally, once the desired temperature is reached, it is maintained for a variable duration of approximately 30 minutes to 3 hours.
- a metallic phase consisting of the neodymium-iron alloy on which floats a slag consisting of CaF 2 -CaCI 2 having a density lower than that of the alloy.
- the alloy can be immediately separated from the slag by hot casting or allowed to cool under an inert gas atmosphere at room temperature (15 to 25 ° C) so that the alloy solidifies and can then be removed from the mold.
- the yield of rare earth metals (neodymium + metal TR) expressed relative to to the rare earth metals contained in the halides used varies from 75 to 95%.
- the reduction is carried out in a crucible placed in a reactor made of a material resistant to hydrofluoric and hydrochloric vapors.
- refractory steel for example, steel containing 25% chromium and 20% nickel but preferably inconel which is an alloy containing nickel, chromium (20%), iron (5%), molybdenum (8-10%).
- Said reactor is equipped with a temperature control device (for example thermocouple), an inlet and an outlet for inert gases. It is provided in its upper part with a double envelope in which circulates a coolant.
- a temperature control device for example thermocouple
- This reactor is placed in an induction furnace or in an furnace heated by electrical resistances.
- a crucible in which the temperature control device is immersed is placed at the bottom of the reactor. It must be made of a material resistant to neodymium halides or have a coating resistant to them. Preferably, a tantalum crucible is used.
- the molten alloy can be cast in molds, for example, cast iron.
- the proportion of TR metal can represent less than 50% of the weight of the mixture constituted by neodymium and TR metal and, preferably, less than 10%.
- the alloys obtained according to the present invention are very rich in neodymium since they can contain up to 95%.
- They can be used as master alloys in particular in the manufacture of permanent magnets.
- a premix containing 530.8 g of calcium chloride in the dry state and 390.8 g of a mixture containing 96.4% of neodymium fluoride and 3.6% of praseodymium fluoride is then made: said mixture having an average particle diameter of 60 ⁇ m.
- the calciothermic reduction reaction of neodymium fluoride and praseodymium fluoride is carried out in a tantalum crucible of about 1 liter placed at the bottom of an inconel reactor which is equipped of an inlet and an outlet of argon and of a thermocouple introduced into a thermometric sheath which is immersed in the reaction medium contained in the crucible: the upper part of the reactor is provided with a double envelope in which circulates cold water (about 10 ° C).
- a temperature rise is carried out at the same time until the temperature fixed at 1100 ° C. is obtained; this temperature being kept constant for another 30 minutes.
- 717.2 g of slag are collected and 296 g of a neodymium-praseodymium-iron alloy are recovered by hot casting in a cast iron ingot mold.
- the yield of rare earths in the alloy expressed relative to the rare earths contained in neodymium and praseodymium fluorides is 90%.
- Example 2 is reproduced, except that a mixture of neodymium fluoride and praseodymium fluoride is used, but a mixture containing 58% of neodymium chloride and 42% of praseodymium chloride.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Metal Powder And Suspensions Thereof (AREA)
Claims (23)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT84401307T ATE45989T1 (de) | 1983-07-05 | 1984-06-22 | Neodymlegierungen und verfahren zur herstellung derselben. |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR8311139A FR2548687B1 (fr) | 1983-07-05 | 1983-07-05 | Alliages de neodyme et leur procede de fabrication |
FR8311139 | 1983-07-05 | ||
FR838314392A FR2551769B2 (fr) | 1983-07-05 | 1983-09-09 | Alliages de neodyme et leur procede de fabrication |
FR8314392 | 1983-09-09 |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP88100014.5 Division-Into | 1988-01-04 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0134162A1 EP0134162A1 (de) | 1985-03-13 |
EP0134162B1 true EP0134162B1 (de) | 1989-08-30 |
Family
ID=26223515
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP88100014A Expired - Lifetime EP0272250B1 (de) | 1983-07-05 | 1984-06-22 | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Neodymlegierungen |
EP84401307A Expired EP0134162B1 (de) | 1983-07-05 | 1984-06-22 | Neodymlegierungen und Verfahren zur Herstellung derselben |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP88100014A Expired - Lifetime EP0272250B1 (de) | 1983-07-05 | 1984-06-22 | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Neodymlegierungen |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4636353A (de) |
EP (2) | EP0272250B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JPS6046346A (de) |
KR (1) | KR920006603B1 (de) |
AU (1) | AU579579B2 (de) |
BR (1) | BR8403289A (de) |
CA (1) | CA1253721A (de) |
DE (2) | DE3479595D1 (de) |
FR (1) | FR2551769B2 (de) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
RU2596563C1 (ru) * | 2015-04-23 | 2016-09-10 | Федеральное государственное унитарное предприятие "Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт авиационных материалов" (ФГУП "ВИАМ") | Способ получения магнитотвердого материала |
Families Citing this family (31)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4612047A (en) * | 1985-10-28 | 1986-09-16 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy | Preparations of rare earth-iron alloys by thermite reduction |
US4837109A (en) * | 1986-07-21 | 1989-06-06 | Hitachi Metals, Ltd. | Method of producing neodymium-iron-boron permanent magnet |
FR2607520B1 (fr) * | 1986-11-27 | 1992-06-19 | Comurhex | Procede d'elaboration par metallothermie d'alliages purs a base de terres rares et de metaux de transition |
US4917724A (en) * | 1988-10-11 | 1990-04-17 | General Motors Corporation | Method of decalcifying rare earth metals formed by the reduction-diffusion process |
US4992096A (en) * | 1989-06-09 | 1991-02-12 | The Dow Chemical Company | Metallothermic reduction or rare earth metals |
US5073337A (en) * | 1990-07-17 | 1991-12-17 | Iowa State University Research Foundation, Inc. | Rare earth/iron fluoride and methods for making and using same |
US5174811A (en) * | 1990-10-01 | 1992-12-29 | Iowa State University Research Foundation, Inc. | Method for treating rare earth-transition metal scrap |
US5087291A (en) * | 1990-10-01 | 1992-02-11 | Iowa State University Research Foundation, Inc. | Rare earth-transition metal scrap treatment method |
US5240513A (en) * | 1990-10-09 | 1993-08-31 | Iowa State University Research Foundation, Inc. | Method of making bonded or sintered permanent magnets |
US5242508A (en) * | 1990-10-09 | 1993-09-07 | Iowa State University Research Foundation, Inc. | Method of making permanent magnets |
US5129945A (en) * | 1990-10-24 | 1992-07-14 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Interior | Scrap treatment method for rare earth transition metal alloys |
US5314526A (en) * | 1990-12-06 | 1994-05-24 | General Motors Corporation | Metallothermic reduction of rare earth fluorides |
US5238489A (en) * | 1992-06-30 | 1993-08-24 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Interior | Leaching/flotation scrap treatment method |
US6755924B2 (en) | 2001-12-20 | 2004-06-29 | General Electric Company | Method of restoration of mechanical properties of a cast nickel-based super alloy for serviced aircraft components |
US8109349B2 (en) | 2006-10-26 | 2012-02-07 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Thick pointed superhard material |
US7637574B2 (en) | 2006-08-11 | 2009-12-29 | Hall David R | Pick assembly |
US8567532B2 (en) | 2006-08-11 | 2013-10-29 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Cutting element attached to downhole fixed bladed bit at a positive rake angle |
US9145742B2 (en) | 2006-08-11 | 2015-09-29 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Pointed working ends on a drill bit |
US9051795B2 (en) | 2006-08-11 | 2015-06-09 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Downhole drill bit |
US8714285B2 (en) * | 2006-08-11 | 2014-05-06 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Method for drilling with a fixed bladed bit |
US8622155B2 (en) * | 2006-08-11 | 2014-01-07 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Pointed diamond working ends on a shear bit |
US8590644B2 (en) * | 2006-08-11 | 2013-11-26 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Downhole drill bit |
US8215420B2 (en) * | 2006-08-11 | 2012-07-10 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Thermally stable pointed diamond with increased impact resistance |
US8960337B2 (en) | 2006-10-26 | 2015-02-24 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | High impact resistant tool with an apex width between a first and second transitions |
US9068410B2 (en) | 2006-10-26 | 2015-06-30 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Dense diamond body |
US8540037B2 (en) | 2008-04-30 | 2013-09-24 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Layered polycrystalline diamond |
WO2010003926A1 (en) * | 2008-07-08 | 2010-01-14 | Technical University Of Denmark | Magnetocaloric refrigerators |
WO2010117765A1 (en) * | 2009-03-30 | 2010-10-14 | Schlumberger Canada Limited | Double sintered thermally stable polycrystalline diamond cutting elements |
CN103687840B (zh) | 2011-10-20 | 2016-11-23 | 阿克佐诺贝尔化学国际公司 | 纯化包含mca和dca的液体进料的方法 |
IN2014CN03586A (de) | 2011-10-20 | 2015-10-09 | Akzo Nobel Chemicals Int Bv | |
CN114891953B (zh) * | 2022-03-31 | 2024-03-08 | 包头市英思特稀磁新材料股份有限公司 | 一种提高烧结钕铁硼出材率的方法 |
Family Cites Families (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR489155A (fr) * | 1917-04-19 | 1918-12-28 | Maurice Duburguet | Préparation des métaux des terres rares |
US1648954A (en) * | 1921-09-29 | 1927-11-15 | Westinghouse Lamp Co | Production of rare metals and alloys thereof |
FR986924A (fr) * | 1943-12-11 | 1951-08-07 | Procédé de préparation de métaux des terres rares | |
US3186834A (en) * | 1961-03-02 | 1965-06-01 | Dow Chemical Co | Preparation of rare earth metal sponge |
FR1336858A (fr) * | 1962-07-27 | 1963-09-06 | Pechiney Prod Chimiques Sa | Alliages contenant des métaux des terres rares |
AT329884B (de) * | 1973-07-19 | 1976-06-10 | Treibacher Chemische Werke Ag | Verfahren zur herstellung von lanthan-, cer-,praseodym- und neodym-metall und -legierungen derselben sowie von mischmetallen |
JPS5696834A (en) * | 1979-12-28 | 1981-08-05 | Mitsubishi Monsanto Chem Co | Compound semiconductor epitaxial wafer and manufacture thereof |
US4496395A (en) * | 1981-06-16 | 1985-01-29 | General Motors Corporation | High coercivity rare earth-iron magnets |
JPS5976A (ja) * | 1982-06-22 | 1984-01-05 | 日本電気株式会社 | 放射線治療用高エネルギct |
DE3379131D1 (en) * | 1982-09-03 | 1989-03-09 | Gen Motors Corp | Re-tm-b alloys, method for their production and permanent magnets containing such alloys |
JPS6263642A (ja) * | 1986-09-12 | 1987-03-20 | Sumitomo Special Metals Co Ltd | 磁石素材用希土類合金及びその製造方法 |
-
1983
- 1983-09-09 FR FR838314392A patent/FR2551769B2/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1984
- 1984-06-22 EP EP88100014A patent/EP0272250B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1984-06-22 EP EP84401307A patent/EP0134162B1/de not_active Expired
- 1984-06-22 DE DE8484401307T patent/DE3479595D1/de not_active Expired
- 1984-06-22 DE DE8888100014T patent/DE3485950T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1984-07-02 AU AU30081/84A patent/AU579579B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1984-07-03 BR BR8403289A patent/BR8403289A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1984-07-04 CA CA000458064A patent/CA1253721A/fr not_active Expired
- 1984-07-05 JP JP59138065A patent/JPS6046346A/ja active Granted
- 1984-07-05 KR KR1019840003886A patent/KR920006603B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1985
- 1985-06-18 US US06/745,828 patent/US4636353A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
"Iron-Binary Phase Diagrams", O. Kubaschewski, (1982), pp. 101+102 * |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
RU2596563C1 (ru) * | 2015-04-23 | 2016-09-10 | Федеральное государственное унитарное предприятие "Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт авиационных материалов" (ФГУП "ВИАМ") | Способ получения магнитотвердого материала |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE3485950T2 (de) | 1993-02-25 |
DE3485950D1 (de) | 1992-11-05 |
AU579579B2 (en) | 1988-12-01 |
AU3008184A (en) | 1985-01-10 |
CA1253721A (fr) | 1989-05-09 |
JPH0224902B2 (de) | 1990-05-31 |
KR850001297A (ko) | 1985-03-18 |
JPS6046346A (ja) | 1985-03-13 |
DE3479595D1 (en) | 1989-10-05 |
EP0134162A1 (de) | 1985-03-13 |
BR8403289A (pt) | 1985-06-18 |
EP0272250B1 (de) | 1992-09-30 |
KR920006603B1 (ko) | 1992-08-10 |
EP0272250A1 (de) | 1988-06-22 |
FR2551769B2 (fr) | 1990-02-02 |
FR2551769A2 (fr) | 1985-03-15 |
US4636353A (en) | 1987-01-13 |
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