EP0132028B1 - Procédé de production d'étoffes non-tissées en coton présentant une structure selon un dessin - Google Patents

Procédé de production d'étoffes non-tissées en coton présentant une structure selon un dessin Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0132028B1
EP0132028B1 EP84303391A EP84303391A EP0132028B1 EP 0132028 B1 EP0132028 B1 EP 0132028B1 EP 84303391 A EP84303391 A EP 84303391A EP 84303391 A EP84303391 A EP 84303391A EP 0132028 B1 EP0132028 B1 EP 0132028B1
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European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
layer
liquid
streams
fibers
cotton
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP84303391A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0132028A2 (fr
EP0132028A3 (en
Inventor
Alan Steven Bailey
Colin Frank Clayson
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Johnson and Johnson
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Johnson and Johnson
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Publication of EP0132028A3 publication Critical patent/EP0132028A3/en
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/44—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling
    • D04H1/46—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres
    • D04H1/492—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres by fluid jet
    • D04H1/495—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres by fluid jet for formation of patterns, e.g. drilling or rearrangement

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a process for the production of patterned nonwoven fabrics made from cotton, and to the patterned nonwoven cotton fabrics that are made thereby.
  • Nonwoven fabrics that are made by the fluid rearrangement of fibers have been in commercial use for some time.
  • Kalwaites in U.S. Patent Nos. 2,862,251, 3,033,721, 3,193,436, and 3,769,659
  • Griswold in U.S. Patent Nos. 3,081,515 and 3,025,585, describe various processes for producing nonwoven fabrics by the fluid rearrangement of a fibrous web to which resin binder is added after the fluid rearrangement to form a useful, coherent, nonwoven fabric.
  • Still other nonwoven fabrics are made by forming a web of fibers and treating it with high pressure jets to entangle the fibers and produce a strong fabric that does not require the addition of binder to be self-supporting and useful for many purposes.
  • Such a technique is described by Evans, in U.S. Patent No. 3,485,706.
  • resin binder is added to the rearranged fabric to produce a commercially useful nonwoven fabric.
  • binder need not be added, high pressure water jets are used to produce the nonwoven fabric.
  • the present invention relates to a process whereby cotton fibers can be fluid rearranged to produce useful patterned nonwoven fabrics, without the necessity for the use of any resin binder, and yet the fluid rearrangement takes place at relatively low pressures.
  • French published patent application No. 1, 478, 115 concerns absorbent cotton felt formed of cotton fibers welded and interlaced in all directions made by a process consisting of successively cleaning and fleecing raw cotton fibers of all lengths and then bleaching, washing and drying the fleece.
  • Bunting et al . in U.S. Patents Nos. 3,493,462; 3,508,308; and 3,620,903, describe a process for producing light-weight non-woven fabrics by treating an array of fibres to essentially columnar streams of liquid jetted from orifices under high pressure.
  • the jet streams may be rapidly oscillated, which oscillation is done for the purpose of producing a smooth fabric surface and to enhance the non-patterned structure of the non-woven fabric.
  • Bunting et al . in U.S. Patent No. 3,493,462 disclose a process in which a layer of fibrous material is supported on a smooth supporting member and the layer on the smooth supporting member is treated by jetting liquid.
  • the liquid in the jets is supplied at a pressure of at least 200 psig.
  • the smooth supporting member must be one which does not influence the arrangement of the fibers into a pattern dependent on the supporting surface.
  • the smooth supporting member may be a solid plate, bar, roll or the like, or it may be a relatively smooth screen of sufficiently fine mesh so that the fibers are not rearranged into any pattern dependent on the screen pattern.
  • the liquid jets may be oscillated, but where oscillating jets are used, a non-patterned fabric is produced.
  • FIG 5 in US Patent No. 3,493,462 there is shown an apparatus for producing a patterned fabric.
  • the apparatus comprises a plurality of jets which are held stationary and which produce longitudinal lines in the fabric.
  • the apparatus also includes two other jets which are traversed over the complete width of the layer to form transverse lines in the fabric.
  • the pattern in the fabric is not influenced by the smooth supporting member.
  • Figure 5 shows it being passed through a liquid bath wherein it is momentarily immersed. It is indicated that this momentary immersion may be for shrinkage, dyeing, bleaching, etc.
  • the present invention provides a process for producing a patterned, nonwoven fabric which comprises:
  • the frequency of oscillation of said streams is from about 75 to about 200 cycles per minute, and the amplitude of said oscillation is from about 5 to about 50 millimeters.
  • the streams are columnar jets spaced at least 0.8 millimeters apart, center-to-center.
  • a carded web 12 of gray cotton fibers is produced by a card 10, and is then passed onto a liquid pervious support member or forming belt, such as an endless woven belt 14.
  • the belt 14 carries the web 12 of fibers under a series of manifolds 16 that are arranged in rows disposed transversely across the path of travel of the belt 14 (i.e. they are disposed in the cross direction).
  • manifolds 16 On the manifolds 16 are mounted spray heads or orifice strips for ejecting liquid 18 under moderate pressure down onto the carded web 12 of cotton fibers supported on the belt 14.
  • the liquid is provided from a source (not shown) of pressurized water, through a main water duct 19, to a common supply manifold 21, and through flexible hoses 23 into each manifold 16.
  • the manifolds 16 are constructed and adapted so that they can be oscillated transversely to the path of travel of the web 12 (see the arrows "a" in Fig. 10, which show the direction of oscillation), with the frequency of oscillation being, for instance, from about 1 to about 5 oscillations per second.
  • the cotton fibers in the web 12 are rearranged by the liquid jets or spray 18 as the liquid impinges upon and passes through the fibrous web 12 and then through the belt 14.
  • the rearranged fibrous web 24 can be de-watered, as by passing it through a pair of squeeze rolls 28, and it is then carried to a conventional windup 26, still in the wet state, for subsequent bleaching.
  • the rearranged fibrous web 24 is preferably kept wet until it has been bleached, in order to impart sufficient strength to the web 24 so that it can be handled.
  • the rearranged fibrous web is then bleached by conventional cotton bleaching procedures, and is then rinsed and dried, to produce the cotton patterned nonwoven fabric of the invention.
  • gray cotton staple fibers While other fibers can be blended with the cotton, the gray cotton must comprise at least a major proportion of the web to be employed in the process of the invention.
  • gray cotton refers to cotton that has not been bleached or scoured.
  • the cotton feed web can be formed by carding, air-laying, or other convenional web-forming procedure.
  • Typical feed web weights are from about 25 to about 200 grams per square meter.
  • a reinforcing web such as a scrim or a reticulated plastic netting can be used.
  • the carded cotton fiber feed web is laid down on top of the reinforcing web prior to the liquid rearranging.
  • the liquid pervious support member or forming belt that is employed to carry the array of cotton fibers under the water spray can be a conventional plain weave belt woven of polyester monofilament, bronze, or other conventional materials.
  • the belts will have from 35 to 75 per cent open area.
  • Such belts are conventionally made from monofilaments having a filament count of from about 11 to about 236 filaments per 10 centimeters (about 3 to 60 filaments per inch) in both directions.
  • the water that is jetted or sprayed onto the fibers is provided at relatively low pressure of from about 100 to about 600 psi (that is, from about 700 to about 4,000 kpa).
  • the water spray can be provided in the form of essentially columnar jets, if desired, but can also be employed in the form of sprays with a relatively wide angle of divergence, for instance, up to about 10 degrees.
  • the number of rows of jets (i.e. the number of jets in the machine direction or direction of travel of the forming belt) has not been found to be narrowly critical. Typically, there will be from about 10 to about 30 rows when spray jets are used, and from about 8 to about 20 rows when columnar jets are used.
  • the usual speed of the forming belt is from about 5 to about 20 meters per minute.
  • An important feature of this invention is the provision of means to impart transverse oscillation to the jets.
  • Such oscillation can be effected by mounting the manifolds 16 in such a way that they are transversely movable (as by using roller bearings or linear bearings), and employing a driven crank-shaft, rotating cams, eccentrically mounted rotating circular disks, or other conventional oscillation-imparting means (not shown), to engage the manifolds and oscillate them.
  • the manifolds can be oscillated either together (in phase with each other) or independently (out of phase with each other).
  • the manifolds 16 are ganged, and are suspended from a stationary mounting plate 30. Upstanding projections or lugs 32 attached to the ganged manifolds 16 extend through slots 34 in the stationary mounting plate 30. Roller bearings 36 mounted on the lugs 32 ride on the mounting plate 30 as the ganged manifolds 16 oscillate.
  • the oscillation used is a relatively low frequency oscillation, e.g. from about 75 to about 200 cycles per minute.
  • the amplitude of the oscillation is not narrowly critical, and it can vary, for instance, from about 5 millimeters to about 50 millimeters.
  • the rearranged web is subjected to a conventional cotton bleaching process (which is illustrated below in the examples), and is then dried as by passing it over a set of steam cans.
  • a carded web of gray cotton having a weight of 50 grams per square meter was laid down onto a single layer of woven cotton gauze.
  • the gauze was a plain weave scrim having a warp thread count of 6.70 per centimeter (17 per inch) and a weft thread count of 5.12 per centimeter (13 per inch), and weighed 15 grams per square meter.
  • the double layer web was then passed onto a woven belt having the following description.
  • the belt was a plain weave belt woven of polyester monofilaments.
  • the warp and weft threads had diameters of 500 ⁇ m, and the thread counts were 40 warp threads per centimeter and 10 weft threads per centimeter.
  • the belt carrying the web of carded cotton plus scrim was passed under a series of manifolds at a speed of 10 meters per minute.
  • the manifolds contained spray nozzles that were 55 millimeters apart (center-to-center) in the cross direction, and there were 8 rows of nozzles in the machine direction.
  • the spray nozzles used were designed to deliver solid streams of water through orifices having diameters of about 203 ⁇ m (8 mils).
  • the belt was 15 millimeters under the tips of the nozzles. Water was sprayed through the nozzles at a pressure of 3500 kPa. As the web was carried under the nozzles, the manifolds in which the nozzles were mounted were vibrated at a frequency of 120 cycles per minute and an amplitude of 37 millimeters. Vacuum slots under the belt below each row of nozzles pulled a vacuum of about 17 kPa (5 inches of mercury). The fabric was passed through the apparatus 10 times. The web was de-watered by passing it through a pair of squeeze rolls, was collected on a windup while still wet, and was then bleached under the following conditions.
  • the fabric is rolled onto a perforated spindle and is then placed in a bleaching kier.
  • the fabric is wet out with hot water and then drained.
  • the kier is then filled (to a level above the cloth) with an aqueous solution containing caustic soda, soda ash, and soap, and allowed to circulate.
  • Hydrogen peroxide is added and the kier is sealed and heated to 120°C, where it is kept for 20 minutes.
  • the kier is then cooled, drained, and rinsed twice with cold water. Dilute acetic acid is added to a pH of 6.5 - 7.0, and then two more rinses are made. If the pH of the final rinse is 6.5 - 7.0, the cloth is removed and dried.
  • FIGs. 2 - 5 Photomacrographs of this fabric are shown in Figs. 2 - 5.
  • Figs. 2 and 3 were made with incident light and
  • Figs. 4 and 5 were made with transmitted light.
  • Figs. 2 and 4 show the top side of the fabric and
  • Figs. 3 and 5 show the bottom or belt side (i.e. the side that was next to the belt during the rearranging).
  • a cotton patterned fabric was made from a web of carded gray cotton having a basis weight of 50 grams per square meter.
  • the forming belt was the same as that described in Example 1.
  • the processing conditions were as follows:
  • the wet, rearranged fabric was bleached and dried by a procedure analogous to that of Example 1.
  • Photomacrographs of the fabric are shown in Figs. 6-9. As with Example 1, the photomacrographs were taken both with incident light and with transmitted light, and both the top and belt sides are shown.
  • the fabrics described in this application are useful as bandages, sponges, swabs, primary dressings, secondary dressings, prepping swabs, and other absorbent products.
  • a gauze reinforced fabric was made from a web of gray cotton having a weight of 50 grams per square meter and the scrim described in Example 1.
  • the water was jetted through the holes in an orifice strip, the holes being designed to produce essentially columnar jets.
  • the holes had diameters of 0.18 mm (0.007 inch), and there were 1.57 holes per centimeter (four holes per inch). There were 12 rows of nozzles. Only one pass through the apparatus was used.
  • the processing conditions were the following: Belt speed - 10 meters per minute; Jet pressure - 3500 kpa; and Manifold oscillation - 2.67 cycles per second 3.1 centimeter amplitude.
  • the webs were dewatered, bleached, and dried as described in Example 1.
  • Typical tensile properties of both the gauze-reinforced and the non-reinforced fabrics are the following: Tensile Strengths Non-Reinforced Gauze-Reinforced MD Dry 13.7 Newtons, minimum 27.5 and 19.6 N., min. MD Wet 15.7 N., min. 27.5 N., min. CD Dry 4.7 N., min. 10.3 and 8.3 N., min. CD Wet 4.9 N., min. 12.7 N., min.
  • the tensile tests were carried out on an Instron tensile tester. Sample size was 25 x 130 mm. The initial distance between the jaws was 100 mm. The crosshead speed was set at 200 mm/minute.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)

Claims (3)

  1. Procédé pour produire une étoffe non tissée à dessin qui consiste :
    (a) supporter une couche de fibres comprenant au moins une proportion prédominante de fibres de coton écru, dont les fibres sont liées par liaison mécanique mais capables de se déplacer sous des forces de liquides, sur un élément support perméable aux liquides, ayant de 35 à 75 pourcent de surface ouverte, adapté pour se déplacer dans une direction prédéterminée, et sur lequel des mouvements des fibres dans des directions contenues dans le plan de ladite couche ou inclinées par rapport à ce plan peuvent se produire en réponse à des forces de liquides qui leur sont appliquées ;
    (b) faire circuler la couche supportée dans ladite direction prédéterminée à travers une zone de réarrangement des fibres dans laquelle des courants de liquide sous une pression d'environ 700 à 4 000 kPa (environ 100 à 600 psi) sont projetés directement sur ladite couche, lesdits courants étant animés d'une oscillation dans une direction transversale à ladite direction prédéterminée ;
    (c) permettre auxdits courants de liquide de passer à travers ladite couche et à travers ledit élément support pour déterminer un déplacement desdites fibres de manière à former une couche qui ressemble à l'image négative dudit élément support perméable aux liquides, et pour déterminer un blocage desdites fibres qui est suffisant pour que la couche devienne une nappe fibreuse emmêlée capable de supporter son propre poids ; et
    (d) soumettre la nappe fibreuse emmêlée, capable de supporter son propre poids, constituant le produit de la phase (c), à une phase classique de blanchiment du coton, en produisant ainsi une étoffe non tissée cohérente à dessin.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, dans lequel la fréquence d'oscillation desdits courants est d'environ 75 à environ 200 cycles par minute et l'amplitude de ladite oscillation est d'environ 5 à 50 millimètres.
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 1 ou la revendication 2, dans lequel les courants sont des jets massifs espacés d'au moins 0,8 mm de distance entre axes.
EP84303391A 1983-05-20 1984-05-18 Procédé de production d'étoffes non-tissées en coton présentant une structure selon un dessin Expired - Lifetime EP0132028B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US49677483A 1983-05-20 1983-05-20
US496774 1983-05-20

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0132028A2 EP0132028A2 (fr) 1985-01-23
EP0132028A3 EP0132028A3 (en) 1987-10-14
EP0132028B1 true EP0132028B1 (fr) 1993-03-03

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EP84303391A Expired - Lifetime EP0132028B1 (fr) 1983-05-20 1984-05-18 Procédé de production d'étoffes non-tissées en coton présentant une structure selon un dessin

Country Status (8)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0132028B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH0784696B2 (fr)
AU (1) AU564639B2 (fr)
BR (1) BR8402400A (fr)
DE (1) DE3486083T2 (fr)
MA (1) MA20120A1 (fr)
MX (1) MX158877A (fr)
ZA (1) ZA843793B (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1688522B2 (fr) † 2005-02-06 2012-03-14 Winner Industries (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd. Procédé de fabrication d' un non-tissé hydrolié, procédé de fabrication d'un non-tissé hydrolié contenant un élément détectable aux rayons X et produit ainsi obtenu.

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4647490A (en) * 1983-05-20 1987-03-03 Johnson & Johnson Cotton patterned fabric
US4693922A (en) * 1985-09-26 1987-09-15 Chicopee Light weight entangled non-woven fabric having excellent machine direction and cross direction strength and process for making the same
FR2662711B2 (fr) * 1989-12-01 1992-08-14 Kaysersberg Sa Procede de fabrication de nontisse.
CA2430072A1 (fr) * 2000-11-29 2002-06-06 Polymer Group Inc. Procede de formation d'un textile non tisse stratifie
DE10061985A1 (de) * 2000-12-13 2002-06-20 Fleissner Gerold Verfahren zur hydrodynamischen Beaufschlagung einer Warenbahn mit Wasserstrahlen und Düsenbalken zur Erzeugung von Flüssigkeitsstrahlen
DE10064687A1 (de) * 2000-12-22 2002-07-04 Fleissner Maschf Gmbh Co Verfahren zur hydrodynamischen Beaufschlagung einer auch mit endlichen Produkten versehenen Warenbahn mit Wasserstrahlen und Düseneinrichtung zur Erzeugung von Flüssigkeitsstrahlen
DE10314552A1 (de) * 2003-03-31 2004-10-14 Rieter Automatik Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung eines Verbundvlieses

Family Cites Families (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3493462A (en) 1962-07-06 1970-02-03 Du Pont Nonpatterned,nonwoven fabric
US3620903A (en) * 1962-07-06 1971-11-16 Du Pont Lightweight nonpatterned nonwoven fabric
FR1478515A (fr) * 1966-03-10 1967-04-28 Saint Denis Ets Nouveau feutre de coton
FR2081133B1 (fr) * 1970-03-09 1974-07-12 Serviere Hubert De
JPS4942970A (fr) * 1972-08-30 1974-04-23
FR2265891A1 (en) * 1974-03-26 1975-10-24 Bertin & Cie Non-woven fabric prodn. - from fibre lap of which the fibres are entangled by fluid jets directed onto lap
JPS50152067A (fr) * 1974-05-29 1975-12-06
GB1550955A (en) * 1975-12-29 1979-08-22 Johnson & Johnson Textile fabric and method of manufacturing the same
GB1596718A (en) * 1977-06-13 1981-08-26 Johnson & Johnson Non-woven fabric comprising buds and bundles connected by highly entangled fibous areas and methods of manufacturing the same
JPS55148271A (en) * 1979-05-07 1980-11-18 Chicopee Method and apparatus for producing nonwoven fabric

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1688522B2 (fr) † 2005-02-06 2012-03-14 Winner Industries (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd. Procédé de fabrication d' un non-tissé hydrolié, procédé de fabrication d'un non-tissé hydrolié contenant un élément détectable aux rayons X et produit ainsi obtenu.

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS59223349A (ja) 1984-12-15
BR8402400A (pt) 1985-04-02
EP0132028A2 (fr) 1985-01-23
MA20120A1 (fr) 1984-12-31
MX158877A (es) 1989-03-27
EP0132028A3 (en) 1987-10-14
ZA843793B (en) 1986-01-29
AU2839484A (en) 1984-11-22
JPH0784696B2 (ja) 1995-09-13
AU564639B2 (en) 1987-08-20
DE3486083D1 (de) 1993-04-08
DE3486083T2 (de) 1993-10-14

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