EP0131312B1 - High-water protection - Google Patents
High-water protection Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0131312B1 EP0131312B1 EP84108118A EP84108118A EP0131312B1 EP 0131312 B1 EP0131312 B1 EP 0131312B1 EP 84108118 A EP84108118 A EP 84108118A EP 84108118 A EP84108118 A EP 84108118A EP 0131312 B1 EP0131312 B1 EP 0131312B1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- flood protection
- protection according
- water
- polymer
- casing
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
- E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
- E02B3/10—Dams; Dykes; Sluice ways or other structures for dykes, dams, or the like
- E02B3/106—Temporary dykes
- E02B3/108—Temporary dykes with a filling, e.g. filled by water or sand
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F17/00—Methods or devices for use in mines or tunnels, not covered elsewhere
- E21F17/103—Dams, e.g. for ventilation
- E21F17/107—Dams, e.g. for ventilation inflatable
Definitions
- Sandbags have been used for a long time to build protective dams against flooding, to quickly seal ingress of water, to lock doors and windows against ingress of water and to raise protective walls threatened by flooding.
- Advantages of the sandbag are its stability due to its high weight and the ability to adapt to unevenness.
- the disadvantage is that larger quantities can hardly be stored or transported, so that if necessary, the bags are only filled on the spot and time may be lacking.
- the invention has for its object to provide a system which has the advantages of the sandbag but does not have its disadvantages and which enables the erection of protective dams against water without a complex filling.
- a flood protection which is characterized in that a shell contains a water-insoluble, water-swelling polymer in a form in which at least one dimension is small enough to ensure rapid water absorption and the permeability of the The shell allows the water to penetrate quickly, but prevents the unswollen polymer from falling out.
- the polymers which swell strongly in water are known. It can be natural swelling agents, such as various gums (see Römpps Chemie-Lexikon 8th ed. Keyword Kunststoff, Vol. 2, p. 1558/1559), provided that crosslinking of these polysaccharides, which is known per se, ensures that they swell but do not change to colloidal solutions. Under this condition, alginates, pectins and gelatin are also suitable for the purposes of the invention.
- swelling agents which are usually homopolymers of acrylic or methacrylic acid or copolymers with one or more ethylenically unsaturated comonomers.
- the carboxyl groups of these crosslinked polymers can also be present in the monovalent salt form, in particular as alkali salts.
- water-insoluble, strongly swelling polymers are described, for example, in US Pat. Nos. 3,983,095, 3,954,721, 4,017,653 and 4,018,951.
- they are also referred to as highly absorbent polymers or so-called superabsorbers. This applies in particular to the copolymers of acrylic or methacrylic acid with acrylamide; Methacrylamide and acrylonitrile as described in DE-PS 27 06135 and are commercially available as FAVOR ⁇ s polymers.
- the latter contain the water-insoluble swelling agents in a mixture or in combination with active silica, the weight ratio of unswollen polymer to active silica being 2 to 10.
- the active silicas are products which are known in particular as fillers or absorbers, such as the silica xerogels with BET surface areas above 30 m 2 / g, generally several 100 m 2 / g, or those obtained by flame hydrolytic cleavage of silicon tetrachloride active silica with BET surface areas of 50 to 450 m 2 / g (Aerosil).
- the active silicas there are also active silicates precipitated from water glass and the corresponding metal salts and possibly mineral acids, in particular calcium, magnesium or aluminum with BET surface areas above 30 m 2 / g in the form of their xerogels for the purposes of the invention in combination with the highly absorbent ones Polymers can be used.
- highly absorbent polymers which are well suited for the purposes of the invention are also crosslinked polyethylene and / or polypropylene oxides.
- the unswollen polymer is present in the shell in the form of fibers, thin ribbons, shredded foils or particles larger than 50 11m grain size.
- the grain size and the grain size distribution have a considerable influence on the kinetics of the swelling process.
- the swelling agent to be used according to the invention is in the form of a powder which is too fine, there is also the risk that the particles will trickle through the shell if it has holes, pores or mesh size as is necessary for effective water permeability. For these reasons, at least one dimension of the swelling agent should also be small enough to ensure rapid water absorption.
- the unswollen polymer when in the form of small granules, they are preferably about 200 to 500 ⁇ m in size.
- the "super absorbers” can also be in the form of agglomerated grains as spheres, tablets or chunks of about 2 to 10 mm in diameter, which fall apart on contact with water.
- the amount required for a filling can be filled into water-soluble packaging, which makes it much easier to insert the absorbers into the sacks.
- the water-swelling polymers to be used according to the invention also in the form of fibers or films. Accordingly, they can also be used as fibers, in the form of tapes or shredded foils. Fibers or tapes of this material can be shaped into mats, scrims or nonwovens, which can simply be pushed into the cover and then ensure even distribution in two dimensions of the cover.
- the filling quantity depends on the swelling capacity, which, for. B. in the highly absorbent polymer can reach up to 500 times the volume of the unswollen polymer. It must be dimensioned so that the casing is filled to the brim when the superabsorbent is almost completely swollen. Therefore, the unswollen polymer usually fills 0.2 to 10% of the possible inner volume of the shell. As a rule, 1 to 5% of the available volume is sufficient.
- the shell must meet the requirement that it is water-permeable to the extent that it allows water to penetrate quickly, but prevents the still unswollen polymer from falling out.
- the envelope expediently has the shape of a sack or a tube which is closed at the ends.
- the volume of the bags is approximately 20 to 50 and a diameter of 20 to 100 cm is recommended for the hoses.
- the shell usually consists of a textile fabric, e.g. B. fabric made of a material that also has a high strength when wet. Therefore, the sacks or tubes are preferably made of a synthetic fiber material, e.g. B. polyesters.
- the fabric setting is chosen so that water can penetrate but that z. B. the finely divided swelling agent cannot trickle through the tissue.
- the flood protection according to the invention has an extremely small space requirement during storage.
- the filling material namely water
- the filling material is always present and the filling is done without any effort. You can almost speak of an automatic system if you lay out dry hoses that fill up when the water comes.
- flood protection requires water to be effective, the bags filled with the swollen polymeric gel are "watertight" in the sense that they prevent further water from passing through.
- the flood protection according to the invention is advantageously designed so that it can be used repeatedly.
- the swollen absorbers can also release the stored water into the air again, air drying of the filled sack would theoretically be possible, but would take too much time in most cases. In most cases, it would also be too expensive to transport the bags filled with the gel to a drying facility. It is therefore easiest to empty the bags after each use, to dry them, to re-equip them with the swelling agent and to store them. This means that they are ready for use again in an emergency.
- the casings have at least one closable opening. Refilling the bags is made much easier if the required amount of the unswollen polymer is in a prefabricated, easily fillable form, as described above for the fine-grained products in water-soluble bags or scrims and nonwovens made from fibers or tapes of the super absorber.
- the necessary amount of the swelling agent can, however, also directly in a relatively thin water-permeable envelope, such as a nonwoven, a light fabric or perforated film can be housed, which is provided as a slide-in for an outer protective cover made of a coarse, resistant fabric, which ensures the required mechanical strength of the flood protection.
- the inner shell containing the superabsorber must have sufficient dimensions so that the coarse outer sack or tube is filled to the full with the swollen polymer, if necessary.
- the protective wall should be provided high enough to ensure the necessary stability due to its weight, but also anchoring in Soil can contribute.
Abstract
Description
Zur Errichtung von Schutzdämmen gegen Hochwasser, zum schnellen Abdichten von Wassereinbrüchen, zum Verschliessen von Türen und Fenstern gegen eindringendes Wasser und zum Überhöhen von durch Überflutung bedrohten Schutzmauern werden seit langer Zeit Sandsäcke verwendet. Vorteile des Sandsackes sind seine durch hohes Gewicht bedingte Standfestigkeit und die Fähigkeit, sich Unebenheiten anzupassen. Nachteilig ist, daß größere Mengen kaum gelagert oder transportiert werden können, so daß im Bedarfsfall die Säcke erst an Ort und Stelle gefüllt werden und dafür unter Umständen die Zeit fehlt.Sandbags have been used for a long time to build protective dams against flooding, to quickly seal ingress of water, to lock doors and windows against ingress of water and to raise protective walls threatened by flooding. Advantages of the sandbag are its stability due to its high weight and the ability to adapt to unevenness. The disadvantage is that larger quantities can hardly be stored or transported, so that if necessary, the bags are only filled on the spot and time may be lacking.
Andererseits wurde auch versucht, große Schläuche aus beschichtetem Gewebe, die mit Wasser gefüllt werden, als Schutzdamm zu verwenden. Vorteile dieses Systems sind die gute Lagerfähigkeit der aufgerollten Schläuche und die leichte Verfügbarkeit des Füllmaterials Wasser. Nachteilig ist, daß sich die großen Schläuche den örtlichen Verhältnissen nur schlecht anpassen lassen und daß das Füllen starke leistungsfähige Pumpen und Hydranten erfordert. Ferner ist eine ausreichende Standfestigkeit nur gegeben, wenn noch ein beachtlicher Teil des gefüllten Schlauches aus dem Wasser ragt, denn nur dieser verleiht ihm noch das für den Halt erforderliche Gewicht.On the other hand, attempts have also been made to use large tubes made of coated fabric, which are filled with water, as a protective dam. The advantages of this system are the good storage life of the rolled up hoses and the easy availability of the filling material water. The disadvantage is that the large hoses are difficult to adapt to the local conditions and that the filling requires powerful, powerful pumps and hydrants. Furthermore, there is sufficient stability only if a considerable part of the filled hose protrudes from the water, because only this gives it the weight necessary for the hold.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein System zu schaffen, das die Vorteile des Sandsackes besitzt aber nicht seine Nachteile und das die Errichtung von Schutzdämmen gegen Wasser ohne eine aufwendige Füllung ermöglicht.The invention has for its object to provide a system which has the advantages of the sandbag but does not have its disadvantages and which enables the erection of protective dams against water without a complex filling.
Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch einen Hochwasserschutz gelöst, der sich dadurch auszeichnet, daß eine Hülle ein wasserunlösliches, in Wasser stark quellendes Polymeres in einer Form enthält, bei der zumindest eine Dimension klein genug ist, um eine rasche Wasseraufnahme zu gewährleisten und wobei die Durchlässigkeit der Hülle zwar ein schnelles Eindringen des Wassers ermöglicht aber das Herausfallen des ungequollenen Polymeren verhindert.This object is achieved by a flood protection, which is characterized in that a shell contains a water-insoluble, water-swelling polymer in a form in which at least one dimension is small enough to ensure rapid water absorption and the permeability of the The shell allows the water to penetrate quickly, but prevents the unswollen polymer from falling out.
Wenn eine solche wasserdurchlässige Hülle, z. B. in Form eines Sackes, der zu einem geringen Prozentsatz seines möglichen Innenvolumens mit dem Quellungsmittel gefüllt ist, mit Wasser in Berührung kommt, dann quillt das Polymere sehr schnell auf und bildet ein Gel, das den Sack prall füllt. Man kann mit solchen "Gel-Säcken" ganze "Gel-Mauern" errichten. Man kann auch Systeme, z. B. größere Schläuche mit dem darin befindlichen hochsaugaktiven Polymeren im Boden oder auf Mauern oder vor den zu schützenden Stellen verankern. Sobald das Wasser dann die Schläuche erreicht, quellen die Absorber auf, füllen den Schlauch und bewirken damit einen automatischen Hochwasserschutz.If such a water-permeable casing, e.g. B. in the form of a sack, which is filled with the swelling agent to a small percentage of its possible internal volume, comes into contact with water, then the polymer swells very quickly and forms a gel that plumps the sack. You can build whole "gel walls" with such "gel sacks". Systems, e.g. B. anchor larger hoses with the highly absorbent polymers in them in the floor or on walls or in front of the areas to be protected. As soon as the water reaches the hoses, the absorbers swell, fill the hose and thus cause automatic flood protection.
Die im Wasser stark quellenden Polymeren sind bekannt. Es kann sich um natürliche Quellungsmittel, wie verschiedene Gummen (s. Römpps Chemie-Lexikon 8. Aufl. Stichwort Gummi, Bd. 2, s. 1558/1559) handeln, sofern durch an sich bekannte Vernetzung dieser Polysaccharide dafür gesorgt wird, daß sie zwar aufquellen aber nicht in kolloidale Lösungen übergehen. Ebenso sind unter dieser Voraussetzung für die Zwecke der Erfindung Alginate, Pektine und Gelatine geeignet.The polymers which swell strongly in water are known. It can be natural swelling agents, such as various gums (see Römpps Chemie-Lexikon 8th ed. Keyword Gummi, Vol. 2, p. 1558/1559), provided that crosslinking of these polysaccharides, which is known per se, ensures that they swell but do not change to colloidal solutions. Under this condition, alginates, pectins and gelatin are also suitable for the purposes of the invention.
Bevorzugt werden erfindungsgemäß vollsynthetische Quellungsmittel, bei denen es sich meist um Homopolymere der Acryl- oder Methacrylsäure oder um Copolymere mit einem oder mehreren äthylenisch ungesättigten Comonomeren handelt. Die Carboxylgruppen dieser vernetzten Polymeren können auch in der einwertigen Salzform, insbesondere als Alkalisalze vorliegen. Derartige in Wasser unlösliche in Wasser stark quellende Polymeren sind beispielsweise in den amerikanischen Patentschriften 3 983 095, 3 954 721, 4 017 653 und 4 018 951 beschrieben. Sie werden in der Fachwelt auch als Hochsaugaktiv-Polymere oder sog. Superabsorber bezeichnet. Das gilt insbesondere für die Copolymeren von Acryl-oder Methacrylsäure mit Acrylamid; Methacrylamid und Acrylnitril, wie sie in der DE-PS 27 06135 beschrieben und als FAVOR<s-Polymere im Handel sind.According to the invention, preference is given to fully synthetic swelling agents, which are usually homopolymers of acrylic or methacrylic acid or copolymers with one or more ethylenically unsaturated comonomers. The carboxyl groups of these crosslinked polymers can also be present in the monovalent salt form, in particular as alkali salts. Such water-insoluble, strongly swelling polymers are described, for example, in US Pat. Nos. 3,983,095, 3,954,721, 4,017,653 and 4,018,951. In the technical field, they are also referred to as highly absorbent polymers or so-called superabsorbers. This applies in particular to the copolymers of acrylic or methacrylic acid with acrylamide; Methacrylamide and acrylonitrile as described in DE-PS 27 06135 and are commercially available as FAVOR <s polymers.
Letztere enthalten die in Wasser unlöslichen Quellungsmittel im Gemisch bzw. in Kombination mit aktiver Kieselsäure, wobei das Gewichtsverhältnis von ungequollenem Polymeren zu aktiver Kieselsäure 2 bis 10 beträgt.The latter contain the water-insoluble swelling agents in a mixture or in combination with active silica, the weight ratio of unswollen polymer to active silica being 2 to 10.
Bei den aktiven Kieselsäuren handelt es sich um Produkte, die insbesondere als Füllstoffe oder Absorber bekannt sind, wie die Kieselsäurexerogele mit BET-Oberflächen über 30 m2/g, in der Regel mehreren 100 m2/g oder die durch flammenhydrolytische Spaltung von Siliciumtetrachlorid gewonnenen aktiven Kieselsäure mit BET-Oberflächen von 50 bis 450 m2/g (Aerosil). Anstelle der aktiven Kieselsäuren sind auch aus Wasserglas und den entsprechenden Metallsalzen und eventuell Mineralsäuren gefällte aktive Silikate, insbesondere des Calciums, Magnesiums oder Aluminiums mit BET-Oberflächen über 30 m2/g in Form ihrer Xerogele für die Zwecke der Erfindung in Kombination mit den hochsaugaktiven Polymeren verwendbar.The active silicas are products which are known in particular as fillers or absorbers, such as the silica xerogels with BET surface areas above 30 m 2 / g, generally several 100 m 2 / g, or those obtained by flame hydrolytic cleavage of silicon tetrachloride active silica with BET surface areas of 50 to 450 m 2 / g (Aerosil). Instead of the active silicas there are also active silicates precipitated from water glass and the corresponding metal salts and possibly mineral acids, in particular calcium, magnesium or aluminum with BET surface areas above 30 m 2 / g in the form of their xerogels for the purposes of the invention in combination with the highly absorbent ones Polymers can be used.
Andere für die Zwecke der Erfindung gut geeignete Hochsaugaktiv-Polymere sind ferner vernetzte Polyäthylen- und/oder Polypropylenoxide.Other highly absorbent polymers which are well suited for the purposes of the invention are also crosslinked polyethylene and / or polypropylene oxides.
In der Hülle liegt das ungequollene Polymere in Form von Fasern, dünnen Bändern, Folienschnitzeln oder Teilchen über 50 11m Korngröße vor. Die Korngröße und die Korngrößenverteilung haben einen beachtlichen Einfluß auf die Kinetik des Quellvorganges. Sind die Absorberkörner groß, z. B. über 1 mm, so werden diese zwar schnell benetzt, aber die Kontaktfläche ist relativ klein. Sind die Absorberkörner klein, so bildet sich beim Benetzen der Schicht außen eine kompakte Gelschicht, die das weitere Eindringen des Wassers bremst. Eine Mischung aus kleinen und großen Teilchen verhält sich aus den gleichen Gründen ungünstig. Wenn das erfindungsgemäß zu verwendende Quellungsmittel als zu feines Pulver vorliegt, besteht ferner die Gefahr, daß die Teilchen durch die Hülle hindurchrieseln, wenn diese Löcher, Poren oder Maschenweite hat wie sie für eine wirksame Wasserdurchlässigkeit erforderlich ist. Aus diesen Gründen soll auch wenigstens eine Dimension des Quellungsmittels klein genug sein, um eine rasche Wasseraufnahme zu gewährleisten.The unswollen polymer is present in the shell in the form of fibers, thin ribbons, shredded foils or particles larger than 50 11m grain size. The grain size and the grain size distribution have a considerable influence on the kinetics of the swelling process. Are the absorber grains large, e.g. B. over 1 mm, they are wetted quickly, but the contact area is relatively small. Are the Absorber grains small, so when the layer is wetted, a compact gel layer forms on the outside, which slows down the further penetration of the water. A mixture of small and large particles behaves unfavorably for the same reasons. If the swelling agent to be used according to the invention is in the form of a powder which is too fine, there is also the risk that the particles will trickle through the shell if it has holes, pores or mesh size as is necessary for effective water permeability. For these reasons, at least one dimension of the swelling agent should also be small enough to ensure rapid water absorption.
Wenn das ungequollene Polymere demzufolge in Form kleiner Körnchen vorliegt, haben diese vorzugsweise eine Größe von etwa 200 bis 500 um. Die "Super-Absorber" können auch in Form von agglomerierten Körnern als Kugeln, Tabletten oder Brocken von etwa 2 bis 10 mm Durchmesser vorliegen, die beim Kontakt mit Wasser auseinanderfallen.Accordingly, when the unswollen polymer is in the form of small granules, they are preferably about 200 to 500 µm in size. The "super absorbers" can also be in the form of agglomerated grains as spheres, tablets or chunks of about 2 to 10 mm in diameter, which fall apart on contact with water.
Die für eine Füllung benötigte Menge kann in eine wasserlösliche Verpackung abgefüllt werden, was das Einbringen der Absorber in die Säcke sehr erleichtert.The amount required for a filling can be filled into water-soluble packaging, which makes it much easier to insert the absorbers into the sacks.
Es ist bekannt, die erfindungsgemäß zu verwendenden in Wasser stark quellenden Polymeren auch in Faser- oder Folienform zu überführen. Demgemäß können sie auch als Fasern, in Form von Bändern oder Folienschnitzeln, eingesetzt werden. Fasern oder Bänder dieses Materials können zu Matten, Gelegen oder Vliesen geformt sein, die einfach in die Hülle eingeschoben werden können und dann schon für eine gleichmäßige Verteilung in zwei Dimensionen der Hülle sorgen.It is known to convert the water-swelling polymers to be used according to the invention also in the form of fibers or films. Accordingly, they can also be used as fibers, in the form of tapes or shredded foils. Fibers or tapes of this material can be shaped into mats, scrims or nonwovens, which can simply be pushed into the cover and then ensure even distribution in two dimensions of the cover.
Die Füllmenge richtet sich nach dem Quellvermögen, das z. B. bei dem hochsaugaktiven Polymeren bis zum 500-fachen Volumen des ungequollenen Polymeren erreichen kann. Sie muß so bemessen sein, daß die Hülle prall gefüllt ist, wenn der Superabsorber nahezu vollständig aufgequollen ist. Daher füllt das ungequollene Polymere in der Regel 0,2 bis 10 % des möglichen Innenvolumens der Hülle aus. In der Regel reichen 1 bis 5 % des verfügbaren Volumens.The filling quantity depends on the swelling capacity, which, for. B. in the highly absorbent polymer can reach up to 500 times the volume of the unswollen polymer. It must be dimensioned so that the casing is filled to the brim when the superabsorbent is almost completely swollen. Therefore, the unswollen polymer usually fills 0.2 to 10% of the possible inner volume of the shell. As a rule, 1 to 5% of the available volume is sufficient.
Zur besseren Verteilung des Wassers auf das stark quellende Polymere und zur vollen Nutzung seiner Quellfähigkeit und zur Vermeidung des Zusammenbackens, insbesondere des pulverförmigen Superabsorbers, kann es zweckmäßig sein, diesem feinteilige Feststoffe, wie z. B. Holzmehl, zuzusetzen. Noch besser kann das Zusammenwirken und das gleichmäßige Heranführen des Wassers an alle Teilchen des ungequollenen oder noch nicht voll gequollenen Polymeren erreicht werden, wenn man dem ungequollenen Polymeren gegen Luftfeuchtigkeit beständige Pulver zumischt, die mit Wasser inerte unbrennbare Gase entwickeln. Als solche eignen sich z. B. die als Brausepulver bekannten Gemische von Bicarbonaten und festen ungiftigen Säuren, die für den vorliegenden Anwendungszweck selbstverständlich keine Süß-oder Geschmacksstoffe zu enthalten brauchen und die mit Wasser Kohlendioxid entwickeln.To better distribute the water to the strongly swelling polymer and to make full use of its swellability and to avoid caking, in particular of the powdery superabsorbent, it may be appropriate to use this finely divided solids such as e.g. B. wood flour to add. The interaction and the uniform introduction of the water to all particles of the unswollen or not yet fully swollen polymer can be achieved even better if the unswollen polymer is admixed with powders which are resistant to atmospheric moisture and which develop inert flammable gases with water. As such, z. B. the mixtures of bicarbonates and solid non-toxic acids known as effervescent powder, which of course do not need to contain any sweeteners or flavors for the present application and which develop carbon dioxide with water.
Die Hülle muß die Forderung erfüllen, daß sie zwar soweit wasserdurchlässig ist, daß sie ein schnelles Eindringen von Wasser ermöglicht aber das Herausfallen des noch ungequollenen Polymeren verhindert. Zweckmäßig hat die Hülle die Form eines Sackes oder eines an den Enden verschlossenen Schlauchs. Das Volumen der Säcke beträgt etwa 20 bis 50 und für die Schläuche empfiehlt sich ein Durchmesser von 20 bis 100 cm. Die Hülle besteht in der Regel aus einem textilen Flächengebilde, z. B. Gewebe aus einem Material das auch naß noch eine hohe Festigkeit besitzt. Daher werden die Säcke oder Schläuche vorzugsweise aus einem synthetischen Fasermaterial, z. B. Polyestern, gefertigt. Die Gewebeeinstellung ist so gewählt, daß zwar Wasser eindringen kann aber daß z. B. das feinteilige Quellungsmittel nicht durch das Gewebe rieseln kann.The shell must meet the requirement that it is water-permeable to the extent that it allows water to penetrate quickly, but prevents the still unswollen polymer from falling out. The envelope expediently has the shape of a sack or a tube which is closed at the ends. The volume of the bags is approximately 20 to 50 and a diameter of 20 to 100 cm is recommended for the hoses. The shell usually consists of a textile fabric, e.g. B. fabric made of a material that also has a high strength when wet. Therefore, the sacks or tubes are preferably made of a synthetic fiber material, e.g. B. polyesters. The fabric setting is chosen so that water can penetrate but that z. B. the finely divided swelling agent cannot trickle through the tissue.
Der erfindungsgemäße Hochwasserschutz hat bei der Lagerung nur einen extrem geringen Raumbedarf. Das Füllmaterial, nämlich Wasser, ist immer vorhanden, und das Füllen erfolgt ohne jeden Aufwand. Man kann fast von einer Automatik sprechen, wenn man trockene Schläuche auslegt, die sich füllen, wenn das Wasser kommt. Obgleich der Hochwasserschutz zum Wirksamwerden Wasser benötigt, sind die mit dem gequollenen polymeren Gel gefüllten Säcke in dem Sinne "wasserdicht", daß sie den weiteren Durchtritt von Wasser verhindern.The flood protection according to the invention has an extremely small space requirement during storage. The filling material, namely water, is always present and the filling is done without any effort. You can almost speak of an automatic system if you lay out dry hoses that fill up when the water comes. Although flood protection requires water to be effective, the bags filled with the swollen polymeric gel are "watertight" in the sense that they prevent further water from passing through.
Der erfindungsgemäße Hochwasserschutz ist zweckmäßigerweise so konzipiert, daß er wiederholt eingesetzt werden kann. Zwar können die aufgequollenen Absorber das gespeicherte Wasser auch an die Luft wieder abgeben und somit wäre eine Lufttrocknung der gefüllten Sacke theoretisch möglich, würde aber in den meisten Fällen zuviel Zeit benötigen. Auch ein Abtransport der mit dem Gel gefüllten Säcke zu einer Trocknungseinrichtung wäre in den meisten Fällen zu aufwendig. Deshalb ist es am einfachsten, die Säcke nach jedem Einsatz zu entleeren, zu trocknen, neu mit dem Quellungsmittel auszustatten und zu lagern. Damit sind sie wieder für den Ernstfall einsatzbereit.The flood protection according to the invention is advantageously designed so that it can be used repeatedly. Although the swollen absorbers can also release the stored water into the air again, air drying of the filled sack would theoretically be possible, but would take too much time in most cases. In most cases, it would also be too expensive to transport the bags filled with the gel to a drying facility. It is therefore easiest to empty the bags after each use, to dry them, to re-equip them with the swelling agent and to store them. This means that they are ready for use again in an emergency.
Aus den genannten Gründen haben die Hüllen wenigstens eine verschließbare Öffnung. Das Wiederbefüllen der Säcke wird wesentlich erleichtert, wenn sich die jeweils erforderliche Menge des ungequollenen Polymeren in einer vorgefertigten leicht einfüllbaren Form befindet, wie das oben schon für die feinkörnigen Produkte in wasserlöslichen Beuteln oder Gelegen und Vliese aus Fasern oder Bändern des SuperAbsorbers beschrieben ist. Die notwendige Menge des Quellmittels kann aber auch direkt in einer verhältnismäßig dünnen wasserdurchlässigen Hülle, beispielsweise einem Vlies, einem leichten Gewebe oder einer durchlöcherten Folie untergebracht sein, die als Einschieber für eine äußere Schutzhülle aus einem groben widerstandsfähigen Gewebe vorgesehen ist, die für die erforderliche mechanische Festigkeit des Hochwasserschutzes sorgt. Auch in diesem Fall muß die innere den Superabsorber enthaltende Hülle ausreichende Abmessungen haben, damit der grobe äußere Sack oder Schlauch im Bedarfsfall durch das aufgequollene Polymere prall gefüllt wird.For the reasons mentioned, the casings have at least one closable opening. Refilling the bags is made much easier if the required amount of the unswollen polymer is in a prefabricated, easily fillable form, as described above for the fine-grained products in water-soluble bags or scrims and nonwovens made from fibers or tapes of the super absorber. The necessary amount of the swelling agent can, however, also directly in a relatively thin water-permeable envelope, such as a nonwoven, a light fabric or perforated film can be housed, which is provided as a slide-in for an outer protective cover made of a coarse, resistant fabric, which ensures the required mechanical strength of the flood protection. In this case too, the inner shell containing the superabsorber must have sufficient dimensions so that the coarse outer sack or tube is filled to the full with the swollen polymer, if necessary.
Für den Aufbau von Schutzwällen aus den einzelnen Säcken oder Schläuchen empfiehlt es sich, sie mit Vorrichtungen zu versehen, die ein Verbinden der Hüllen miteinander ermöglicht. Solche Vorrichtungen, die die einzelnen Elemente zusammenhalten, können Haken und Ösen sein, Ösen durch die ein Seil gezogen werden kann etc. Grundsätzlich sollte der Schutzwall genügend hoch vorgesehen sein, um durch sein Gewicht die erforderliche Standfestigkeit zu gewährleisten, wozu aber auch eine Verankerung im Boden beitragen kann.For the construction of protective walls from the individual bags or hoses, it is advisable to provide them with devices that enable the casings to be connected to one another. Such devices, which hold the individual elements together, can be hooks and eyes, eyes through which a rope can be pulled, etc. In principle, the protective wall should be provided high enough to ensure the necessary stability due to its weight, but also anchoring in Soil can contribute.
Claims (18)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AT84108118T ATE32613T1 (en) | 1983-07-12 | 1984-07-11 | FLOOD PROTECTION. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE3325067 | 1983-07-12 | ||
| DE19833325067 DE3325067A1 (en) | 1983-07-12 | 1983-07-12 | FLOOD PROTECTION |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0131312A2 EP0131312A2 (en) | 1985-01-16 |
| EP0131312A3 EP0131312A3 (en) | 1985-11-21 |
| EP0131312B1 true EP0131312B1 (en) | 1988-02-24 |
Family
ID=6203752
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP84108118A Expired EP0131312B1 (en) | 1983-07-12 | 1984-07-11 | High-water protection |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0131312B1 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE32613T1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU583488B2 (en) |
| DE (2) | DE3325067A1 (en) |
| IN (1) | IN164441B (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102005028543A1 (en) * | 2005-06-17 | 2006-12-28 | Sächsisches Textilforschungsinstitut e.V. | Pressure tight water barrier for sealing constructional opening in e.g. building area, has plate with quick clamping device, and pressure tight units arranged between brickwork in area of constructional opening and plate |
Families Citing this family (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2637649A1 (en) * | 1988-10-07 | 1990-04-13 | Snf Sa | Device for blocking off a corridor, such as a mine gallery |
| US5278206A (en) * | 1989-02-16 | 1994-01-11 | Cassella Aktiengesellschaft | Binder for liquids |
| DE4105930A1 (en) * | 1991-02-26 | 1992-08-27 | Huesker Synthetic Gmbh & Co | Large volume bag for construction of protective embankments - has suspension loops along upper edge with at least one rapidly opening closure emerging from upper edge |
| DE19962600A1 (en) | 1999-12-23 | 2001-07-05 | Basf Ag | Protection device against the effects of water |
| DE10057120A1 (en) * | 2000-11-16 | 2002-05-23 | Stockhausen Chem Fab Gmbh | Flooding protection system |
| ITBS20050104A1 (en) * | 2005-09-15 | 2007-03-16 | Unichem Srl | EXPANSION DEVICE FOR CONTAINMENT OF POLLUTIONS |
| EP1947247A3 (en) * | 2007-01-19 | 2008-09-03 | Environmental Defence Systems Limited | Defence system |
| GB2509732B (en) * | 2013-01-11 | 2017-08-30 | Jacobs Steven | Apparatus and method to seal against undesired fluid flow, activated by liquid |
| MX2017003051A (en) * | 2014-09-08 | 2017-06-14 | Prestone Products Corp | Pellet compositions, kits, and methods for sealing leaks. |
Family Cites Families (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3124934A (en) * | 1964-03-17 | Method of reducing seepage from | ||
| FR968829A (en) * | 1948-07-02 | 1950-12-06 | New construction element. process for its implementation, and structures thus constructed | |
| CH489638A (en) * | 1968-02-29 | 1970-04-30 | Geiser Ag Tenta Werke | Double fabric for the production of filled components and use of the same for the production of mat-shaped filled components, which allow the passage of air and moisture |
| FR2130797A5 (en) * | 1971-02-17 | 1972-11-10 | Erosion Control Inc | Embankment sand sacks - designed (in plastic sheet) to allow filling in situ |
| FR2182304A5 (en) * | 1972-04-24 | 1973-12-07 | Rhone Poulenc Textile | |
| US3983095A (en) * | 1973-02-12 | 1976-09-28 | The Dow Chemical Company | Absorbent fibers and process for their preparation |
| US3953975A (en) * | 1975-02-12 | 1976-05-04 | Nalco Chemical Company | Prevention of subsurface seepage by acrylic acid polymers |
| US4184788A (en) * | 1976-10-18 | 1980-01-22 | Raymond International, Inc. | Form for erosion control structures |
| FR2393111A1 (en) * | 1977-06-03 | 1978-12-29 | Soc Textiles Ind Cite Stic | Marine breakwater using sand filled parallel tubes - has textile bags filled by retracting lance injecting emulsion of water and sand |
| GB2061348A (en) * | 1979-08-29 | 1981-05-13 | Gypsum Ind Ltd | Method of building using bags of water settable material |
| FR2477194A1 (en) * | 1980-02-29 | 1981-09-04 | Porraz Mauricio | Modular sections for constructing underwater structures - have flexible joints allowing lateral displacement without rupture and are filled with pressurised paste |
-
1983
- 1983-07-12 DE DE19833325067 patent/DE3325067A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1984
- 1984-07-11 EP EP84108118A patent/EP0131312B1/en not_active Expired
- 1984-07-11 DE DE8484108118T patent/DE3469446D1/en not_active Expired
- 1984-07-11 AT AT84108118T patent/ATE32613T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1984-12-14 IN IN869/CAL/84A patent/IN164441B/en unknown
-
1985
- 1985-01-08 AU AU37520/85A patent/AU583488B2/en not_active Ceased
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102005028543A1 (en) * | 2005-06-17 | 2006-12-28 | Sächsisches Textilforschungsinstitut e.V. | Pressure tight water barrier for sealing constructional opening in e.g. building area, has plate with quick clamping device, and pressure tight units arranged between brickwork in area of constructional opening and plate |
| DE102005028543B4 (en) * | 2005-06-17 | 2011-07-07 | Sächsisches Textilforschungsinstitut e.V., 09125 | Self-sealing water barrier |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0131312A3 (en) | 1985-11-21 |
| EP0131312A2 (en) | 1985-01-16 |
| AU583488B2 (en) | 1989-05-04 |
| ATE32613T1 (en) | 1988-03-15 |
| AU3752085A (en) | 1986-07-17 |
| DE3469446D1 (en) | 1988-03-31 |
| IN164441B (en) | 1989-03-18 |
| DE3325067A1 (en) | 1985-01-24 |
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