KR930005268B1 - High water protection envelope containing insoluble swellable polymer - Google Patents

Abstract

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Description

Embankment system

Sand bags have long been used for high-level water protection work, rapid measures to prevent flooding, closure of doors and windows from flooding, and increasing the height of retaining walls that may overflow. The advantage of sand bags is that they can absorb their own stability and irregular shape due to their own weight. The drawback of sand bags, however, is that they are inconvenient for mass storage or transportation and require time to be filled on site as needed, which can lead to insufficient time.

On the other hand, there has been an attempt to fill the large tube made of coated tissue with water to use for revetment. The advantage of this system is that the rolled tube has a good shelf life and is easily available for filling water. However, large pipes have the disadvantage that they are poorly suited for local conditions and require a powerful and efficient pump and water tap during charging. In addition, a significant portion of the filled tube must rise above the surface of the water, since only this part plays the necessary weight to achieve stability.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a system that can be used for revetment work without the need for complicated filling operations by eliminating its drawbacks while taking advantage of the sand bag.

The problem is that the bag does not dissolve in water selected from a natural cross-linked swelling agent and a fully synthetic swelling agent, but contains a polymer with high degree of swelling in water, and the one-way dimension of the polymer is small enough to easily absorb water, so water easily penetrates into the bag. It is solved by the embankment system of the present invention whereby but not swelled polymer is not lost in the bag.

In a bag that can pass through a bag of water, it is filled with a polymer that swells only a small portion of its contents and comes into contact with water to form a gel that swells quickly and swells the bag. This gelled sack can be used to create a totally gelled wall. In addition, the superabsorbent polymer may be filled in a large tube to form a system installed in front of the surface, the wall, or the place to be protected. As soon as the water reaches this position, the absorbent swells to fill the inside of the tube to form an automatic levee.

Chemie-Lexikon 8th Edition, catchword Gummi, Vol 2, p.2558/1559)를 이용할 수도 있다. 그러므로, 알긴산염, 펙틴, 젤라틴 또는 이와 유사한 것들이 본 발명의 목적에 적합하다.Polymers that swell greatly in water are already known. Pay attention only to the crosslinking of polysaccharides that swell but not convert to colloidal solutions.

Chemie-Lexikon 8th Edition, catchword Gummi, Vol 2, p.2558 / 1559. Therefore, alginate, pectin, gelatin or the like are suitable for the purpose of the present invention.

Preferred swelling agents according to the invention are synthetic swelling agents which are mostly homopolymers of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid, or copolymers of one or more ethylene unsaturated monomers. The carboxyl groups of such polymers that are crosslinked may in particular be in the form of monovalent salts such as alkali metal salts.

-polymer)라는 이름으로 판매되고 있는 것과 같은 아크릴산 또는 메타크릴산과 아크릴아미드, 메타크릴아미드, 아크릴로니트릴 등의 공중합체에 이 이름을 붙일 수 있다. 앞서 언급한 페이버 알 폴리머에는 물에 녹지 않는 팽윤제가 활성이 높은 규산과 혼합 또는 화합되어 있으며 팽윤되지 않은 중합체 대 활성이 높은 규산의 중량비는 2 내지 10이다.Polymers that are insoluble in water and have a high degree of swelling in water are described, for example, in US Pat. Nos. 3,983,095, 3,954,721, 4,017,653, and 4,018,951. These polymers are often referred to by experts as highly absorbent polymers or super absorbers. Particularly described in German Patent No. 2,706,135 and described as FABOR polymer.

The same name can be given to copolymers of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid with acrylamide, methacrylamide, acrylonitrile, etc., such as those sold under the name "polymer". In the above-mentioned fiber egg polymer, a water-insoluble swelling agent is mixed or compounded with highly active silicic acid, and the weight ratio of unswelled polymer to highly active silicic acid is 2 to 10.

Activated silicic acid is an activity obtained by flame hydrolysis of silicon tetrachloride having a surface area of 30 m 2 / g or more by a BET method or more and a normal number of 100 m 2 / g or a silicon tetrachloride having a surface area of 50 to 450 m 2 / g by the BET method. As silicic acid, it is especially known as filler or absorbent (Aerosill).

In order to achieve the object of the present invention, water glass and the corresponding metal salt may be used instead of active silicic acid, and if necessary, active silicates precipitated by inorganic acids, particularly calcium silicates having a surface area of 30 m 2 / g or more by the BET method, Magnesium silicate and aluminum silicate may be used in the form of xerogels and used with highly active absorbent polymers.

Other superabsorbent polymers suitable for the purposes of the present invention are polymers crosslinked with ethylene oxide and / or propylene oxide.

The unswelled polymer in the bag is in the form of fibers, thin strips, or particles having a particle size of 50 μm or more. The particle size and particle size distribution have a great influence on the swelling process. If the size of the absorbent is large, for example 1 mm or more, the absorbent is easily wetted but the contact area is relatively small. If the absorbent is small in size, a dense gel layer is formed on the outside, which prevents further penetration of water.

Mixing large and small particles is disadvantageous for the same reason. If the swelling agent according to the present invention is too fine powder, there is a fear that the swelling agent may escape through the hole of the bag or the gap of the screen to penetrate the water well. Therefore, the swelling agent should be small in at least one direction so that water can be absorbed quickly. Accordingly, the size of the unswelled particles in the form of small particles is preferably 200 to 500 mu m. The "super absorber" may have a spherical shape of 2 to 10 mm in diameter which is pulverized upon contact with water.

Filling the bag with the amount of water needed to fill the bag once it is very easy to fill the absorbent.

According to the present invention, it is known to form a polymer that easily swells in water in the form of a fiber or a film, and thus can also be used in the form of a fiber or a strip or a piece of film. Fibers or strips made of these materials can be easily pushed into the bag and can be in the form of mats, loose piles or non-woven fabrics to facilitate uniform distribution in two dimensions.

The amount of swelling, which may be 500 times unswelled, for example in the case of superabsorbent polymers, should be chosen so that the bag can be taut when the super absorber is almost swollen. Therefore, usually 1 to 5% is sufficient to fill 0.2 to 10% of the bag volume with an unswelled polymer.

In the case of polymers with a high degree of swelling, in particular comminutable super absorbers, it is advantageous to add fine solid particles such as sawdust in order to be able to swell sufficiently, to prevent baking and to distribute the water better. The use of a powder that is not altered by moisture in the air and forms a non-flammable inert gas with water when used in combination with an unswelled polymer results in a uniform distribution of water between all particles of the unswelled or insufficiently swollen polymer. A reaction can be made more effective. Suitable powders are, for example, mixtures of bicarbonates and non-toxic solid acids, known as sherbet powders, of course for this particular purpose there is no need to mix sweeteners or flavorings and react with water to generate carbon dioxide.

The bag should be able to penetrate the water quickly, but be able to prevent the unswelled polymer from escaping. The bag is preferably made in the form of a bag or a closed tube. The volume of the bag should be about 20 to 50 liters and the diameter of the tube should be 20 to 100 cm. The bag is made of a woven fabric made of flat fibrous material, for example, a material that is highly stable even when wet with water. Therefore, it is preferable that the bag or tube is made of synthetic fibers such as polyester. Fabrication of woven fabrics is well suited to penetrating the water and keeping the finely ground swelling agent out.

The storage space of the embankment system of the present invention is very small. Fillers, ie water, are always available and filling is not complicated. Contact with water fills the dried bag and can even be called an automatic process. Although the dike system of the present invention requires water to work effectively, the gel of the swollen polymer is watertight and therefore prevents water from penetrating further.

The dike system according to the present invention may be used repeatedly. Removing the swollen polymer from water and drying the filled bag in the air can be used again, but in most cases it is too time consuming and complicated to carry the bag filled with gel. Therefore, the easiest way is to empty the bag at the end of each use, dry it, and store it with fresh swelling agent. This is ready for use in an emergency.

For the reasons mentioned above, the batteries must be provided with at least one closing opening. As already explained, it is very easy to refill the bag if the required amount of unswelled polymer is filled into the water-soluble sacks or the super absorber fibers or strips can be easily filled with loose piles or nonwovens. Given the mechanical stability needed for the embankment system, the required amount of swelling agent can be filled directly into a relatively thin bag that can penetrate water, for example directly into a bag made of non-woven fabric, light tissue, or perforated film, or fixed to a thin cellulose sheet. It can also be inserted into an outer covering made of thick, tough tissue. Of course, even in this case, the super absorber should be sized appropriately so that the outer bag or tube is tightly filled with the swollen polymer.

In order to build a levee from each bag or tube, it is desirable to provide a means to connect them together. Suitable devices for connecting the individual elements together may be hooks or holes through which a rope or the like may pass. The embankment system should basically have sufficient stability required by its own weight and can be further increased by hanging on the surface.

Claims (18)

In a levee system, the bag contains a polymer that is insoluble in water selected from a natural crosslinked swelling agent and a fully synthetic swelling agent and has a high degree of swelling in water, and the unidirectional dimension of the polymer is small enough to easily absorb water so that the water can Embankment system, characterized in that the polymer can be easily penetrated but not swollen in the bag. The dike system according to claim 1, wherein the polymer having high degree of swelling in water is a polymer having high absorbency (ie, a super absorber). 3. The embankment system of claim 1 or 2 wherein the unswelled polymer is in admixture with highly active silicic acid. 4. The embankment system of claim 3 wherein the weight ratio of unswelled polymer to highly active silicic acid is from 2 to 10. 2. The embankment system of claim 1 wherein the unswelled polymer is filled with about 0.2 to 10% of the encapsulated volume. 2. The embankment system of claim 1 wherein the unswelled polymer is in the form of fibers, thin strips, film pieces, or particles having a particle size of at least 50 μm. 3. Dike system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the particles of superabsorbent polymer have a size of 50 to 2000 mu m, preferably 200 to 500 mu m. The dike system according to claim 1 or 6, wherein the fibers or strips of the unswelled polymer and the highly active silicic acid are in the form of mats, loose piles or nonwovens. The levee system according to claim 1 or 5, wherein the bag is in the form of a bag or a closed tube. 6. Dike system according to claim 1 or 5, wherein the bag is made of a fibrous material of flat shape. 6. Dike system according to claim 1 or 5, characterized in that the bag is made of artificial fiber material, in particular polyester tissue. The dike system according to claim 1 or 5, wherein the bag is provided with means for connecting the bags together. 6. Dike system according to claim 1 or 5, wherein at least one inlet is provided in the bag. 14. The embankment system of claim 13, wherein an envelope having the mechanical stability required for the bag, in particular a thick, stable tissue, is provided. 15. The embankment system of claim 14 wherein the unswelled polymer is a preformed insert. 7. Dike system according to claim 1 or 6, wherein fine solid powder is added to the comminuted polymer to allow better distribution of water and prevention of baking of the polymer. The embankment system of claim 16 wherein the additive powder does not react with moisture in the air and forms an inert non-flammable gas with water. 18. The embankment system according to claim 17, wherein the additive powder is a mixture of bicarbonate and non-toxic solid acid that generates carbon dioxide.