EP0129571A1 - Method for eliminating fog from the atmosphere. - Google Patents

Method for eliminating fog from the atmosphere.

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Publication number
EP0129571A1
EP0129571A1 EP84900053A EP84900053A EP0129571A1 EP 0129571 A1 EP0129571 A1 EP 0129571A1 EP 84900053 A EP84900053 A EP 84900053A EP 84900053 A EP84900053 A EP 84900053A EP 0129571 A1 EP0129571 A1 EP 0129571A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
substance
water
substances
spraying
atmosphere
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP84900053A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0129571B1 (en
Inventor
Zbigniew Boguslawski
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BOGUSLAWSKI, ZBIGNIEWDR.
Original Assignee
Heinrich Schlick & Co KG Firma GmbH
Schlick Heinrich Co KG GmbH
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Application filed by Heinrich Schlick & Co KG Firma GmbH, Schlick Heinrich Co KG GmbH filed Critical Heinrich Schlick & Co KG Firma GmbH
Priority to AT84900053T priority Critical patent/ATE37402T1/en
Publication of EP0129571A1 publication Critical patent/EP0129571A1/en
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Publication of EP0129571B1 publication Critical patent/EP0129571B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01H—STREET CLEANING; CLEANING OF PERMANENT WAYS; CLEANING BEACHES; DISPERSING OR PREVENTING FOG IN GENERAL CLEANING STREET OR RAILWAY FURNITURE OR TUNNEL WALLS
    • E01H13/00—Dispersing or preventing fog in general, e.g. on roads, on airfields

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for removing mist from the atmosphere by spraying a reagent into the misty atmosphere.
  • fog continues to pose a significant risk to the entire flow of traffic, for example in sea or river harbors, airports, at busy traffic junctions or the like, or it is a considerable hindrance to outdoor events, such as sporting events. They occur due to the condensation of water vapor from the atmosphere when the saturation limit of water in the atmosphere is reached or exceeded, the moisture precipitates on crystallization nuclei in the atmosphere and thus separates droplets which have a diameter of between 0.1 and 30 microns and which, owing to their quasi-disperse fine distribution known clouding caused by fog.
  • Crystallization nuclei are in particular ionizable or ionized salt particles formed, which get into the atmosphere by spraying sea water or with the flue gases from incineration plants, so that there is a high concentration of fog-forming germs, especially in densely populated areas.
  • the aim of the present invention is to provide a method by means of which the mist can be removed to great heights at a lower cost and a freedom from fog can be ensured over a longer period of time.
  • the invention consists in the fact that the treatment is carried out by spraying a substance in a fine distribution, which splits off a gaseous reaction product with the water droplets forming the fog under exothermic reaction.
  • the invention provides a method by means of which a long-term absence of fog from large areas up to great heights can be achieved quickly and at low cost.
  • the invention is based on the effect that on the one hand the moisture present in condensed form is bound directly by the chemical reaction of the substance with water and on the other hand that the spray area creates a buoyancy by the exothermic reaction in connection with the splitting off of a gaseous reaction product the fine-grained material portions are carried to great heights, so that the reaction continues from the spray level upwards.
  • the exothermic reaction has the further advantage that the water absorption capacity of the air increases considerably as a result of the resulting warming of the air. the relative humidity decreases, which is the basis for the fact that the absence of fog in the treated area is maintained over longer periods.
  • the treatment is advantageously carried out with the aid of a substance which chemically reacts with water.
  • the metal carbides in particular calcium carbide, with a grain size of less than 0.3 mm, preferably less than 0.15 mm, are preferably used here, which form environmentally harmless reaction products with high heat emission and inexpensive to produce, namely, on the one hand, calcium hydroxide, which continues to be used in a suitable manner Cleaning of the atmosphere from nucleating particles and ions contributes, and on the other hand acethylene, which, due to its lower specific weight compared to air, continues to generate buoyant forces beyond warming and briefly decays in the atmosphere under the influence of active radiation, especially UV radiation from the sun.
  • metal carbides instead of the metal carbides, a number of other substances, in particular nitrogen and hydrogen-containing organic substances, can also be used, for example azanes, diazanes, triazanes or tetraazanes, furthermore azenes, diazenes, triazenes or tetraazenes, triazdienes or tetraazdienes, finally azo- or diazomethane , Formic acid, methylhadrazine, oxalic acid, dimethyl peroxide, in pure form or as a salt.
  • nitrogen and hydrogen-containing organic substances for example azanes, diazanes, triazanes or tetraazanes, furthermore azenes, diazenes, triazenes or tetraazenes, triazdienes or tetraazdienes, finally azo- or diazomethane , Formic acid, methylhadrazine, oxalic acid, dimethyl peroxide, in pure form or
  • one or more substances which bind water with an exothermic reaction by hydrolysis and / or hydration in particular sodium sulfate free from water of crystallization, sodium hydrophosphate, sodium carbonate, barium oxide, silicon chloride or the like, in an amount of up to 65% by weight, preferably between 15 and 35% by weight. Due to the large water-binding capacity of these substances, even for non-condensed moisture, the water content of the air and thus the relative air humidity is further reduced, as a result of which the period of achievable freedom from fog is further increased to the west. For the same reason, the use of materials can be reduced considerably in many cases, especially in cases where there is no question of creating freedom from fog up to high altitudes, so the creation of large buoyancy forces by the formation of large amounts of gas and higher temperatures is not necessary.
  • the substance or the mixture of substances can be used Buffering the reaction to water-inert materials, for example alkali or alkaline earth carbonates, such as calcium carbonate or
  • Sodium carbonate can be added.
  • spraying the substance can. of the substance mixture take place with dried inert gas instead of with the dried air usually used.
  • Example 1 The runway of an airport is to be cleared of a length of 3000 a and a width of 60 m up to a height of 60 m.
  • the oversaturation is 25% at an outside temperature of 10 degrees Celsius.
  • the saturation at 10 degrees C is 10 g / m3 for air, so that under the given conditions 2.5 g water / m3 air, i.e. a total of 27,000 kg of water must be bound from the specified volume of air.
  • the stoichiometric reaction ratio between calcium carbide and water is 1: 2, so that a total of about 80,000 kg of calcium carbide are required for a molecular weight of calcium carbide of 64 and water of 18 for binding, the water, which is approximately in the reaction Release 250,000 m3 of acethylene, which corresponds to a proportion of the air volume in question of around 1.4%, ie a concentration that is far from dangerous.
  • the spraying is done with several dust cannons with dried air at a pressure of 6 Atü up to heights of about 50 m, for At least 8 hours a fog-free corridor results in the requested expansion.
  • Example 2 Under the same external conditions as in Example 1, a sports field 200 m long and 150 m wide should be freed from fog up to a height of 50 m.
  • the amount of water to be bound in this case is 3750 kg.
  • a mixture of substances consisting of 75% calcium carbide and 25% sodium hydrophosphate is used, of which 216 g water per mole of substance used, corresponding to approx. 1520 g water per kg, are bound.
  • the mixture used thus binds about 800 g of water per kg, so that a total of about 4687 kg of substance mixture must be used.
  • the spraying takes place in the manner described in Example 1 at a height of approximately 30 to 35 m.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Atmospheric Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
  • Catalysts (AREA)
  • Materials Applied To Surfaces To Minimize Adherence Of Mist Or Water (AREA)
  • Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)

Abstract

Procédé pour éliminer le brouillard de l'atmosphère en pulvérisant un réactif dans l'atmosphère chargée de brouillard; il est caractérisé par le fait que le traitement comprend la pulvérisation d'une substance finement divisée qui avec les gouttelettes d'eau responsables de la turbidité du brouillard, sépare un produit de réaction gazeux par une réaction exotherme, de préférence chimique. Les carbures métalliques, de préférence le carbure de calcium, sont uitlisés dans une forme d'exécution avantageuse; leur grosseur de grain est inférieure à 0,3 mm, de préférence à 0,15 mm. On peut également utiliser des substances organiques contenant de l'hydrogène et de l'azote, par exemple de l'azane, du diazane, du triazane ou du tétraazane, de l'azène, du diazène, du triazène ou du tétraazène, enfin du méthane azoïque ou diazoïque, de l'acide formique, de l'hydrazine méthylique, de l'acide oxalique, du diméthylperoxyde, sous forme pure ou sous forme de sel. On utilise comme substances d'appoint des substances liant l'eau par hydrolyse et/ou hydratation selon une réaction exotherme, par exemple du sulfate de sodium exempt d'eau de cristallisation, de l'hydrophosphate de sodium, du carbonate de sodium, de l'oxyde de baryum, du chlorure de silicium, en une quantité se montant jusqu'à 65 % en poids, de préférence entre 15 et 35 % en poids, et/ou des substances indifférentes à l'eau et servant au tamponnage de la réaction, par exemple des carbonates alcalins ou alcalino-terreux, comme du carbonate de calcium ou de sodium. La substance, respectivement le mélange de substances, est pulvérisée avec de l'air sec ou du gaz inerte sec.A method of removing fog from the atmosphere by spraying a reagent into the foggy atmosphere; it is characterized in that the treatment comprises the spraying of a finely divided substance which, together with the water droplets responsible for the turbidity of the mist, separates a gaseous reaction product by an exothermic, preferably chemical reaction. Metal carbides, preferably calcium carbide, are used in an advantageous embodiment; their grain size is less than 0.3 mm, preferably 0.15 mm. It is also possible to use organic substances containing hydrogen and nitrogen, for example azane, diazane, triazane or tetraazane, azene, diazene, triazene or tetraazene, finally azo or diazo methane, formic acid, methyl hydrazine, oxalic acid, dimethyl peroxide, in pure form or in salt form. Substances which bind water by hydrolysis and / or hydration by exothermic reaction, for example sodium sulphate free from water of crystallization, sodium hydrophosphate, sodium carbonate, sodium sulphate, barium oxide, silicon chloride, in an amount of up to 65% by weight, preferably between 15 and 35% by weight, and / or substances indifferent to water and serving for buffering the reaction, for example alkali or alkaline earth carbonates, such as calcium or sodium carbonate. The substance, respectively the mixture of substances, is sprayed with dry air or dry inert gas.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Beseitigung von Nebel aus der Atmosphäre durch Versprühen eines Reagenz in die durch Nebel getrübte Atmosphäre. The invention relates to a method for removing mist from the atmosphere by spraying a reagent into the misty atmosphere.
Nebelbildungen stellen nach wie vor eine erhebliche Gefahr für die gesamte Verkehrsabwicklung etwa in See- oder Flußhäfen, Flughäfen, an stark befahrenen Straßenkreuzungen oder dergl. bzw. eine erhebliche Behinderung von Freiluftveranstaltungen, etwa Sportveranstaltungen dar. Sie treten auf durch Auskondensierung von Wasserdampf aus der Atmosphäre bei Erreichen bzw. Überschreiten der Sättigungsgrenze an Wasser in der Atmosphäre, wobei sich die Feuchtigkeit an in der Atmosphäre befindlichen Kristallisationskeimen, niederschlägt und damit Tröpfchen abscheidet, die einen Durchmesser von zwischen 0,1 und 30 Mikron aufweisen und aufgrund ihrer quasi dispers feinen Verteilung die bekannten Sichttrübungen durch Nebel bildet. Die Kristallisationskeime werden hierbei insbesondere ionisierbaren bezw. ionisierten Salzpartikeln gebildet, die durch Meerwasserversprühung oder mit den Rauchgasen aus Verbrennungsanlagen in die Atmosphäre gelangen, so daß sich insbesondere in den dichtbesiedelten Gebieten eine hohe Konzentration an nebelbildenden Keimen findet.The formation of fog continues to pose a significant risk to the entire flow of traffic, for example in sea or river harbors, airports, at busy traffic junctions or the like, or it is a considerable hindrance to outdoor events, such as sporting events. They occur due to the condensation of water vapor from the atmosphere when the saturation limit of water in the atmosphere is reached or exceeded, the moisture precipitates on crystallization nuclei in the atmosphere and thus separates droplets which have a diameter of between 0.1 and 30 microns and which, owing to their quasi-disperse fine distribution known clouding caused by fog. The Crystallization nuclei are in particular ionizable or ionized salt particles formed, which get into the atmosphere by spraying sea water or with the flue gases from incineration plants, so that there is a high concentration of fog-forming germs, especially in densely populated areas.
Entsprechend den vorstehend geschilderten Bildungsbedingungen erfolgt die Beseitigung von vorhandenem Nebel bezw. die Verhinderung der Nebelbildung bisher durch Versprühen von Ionen bildenden Substanzen, insbesondere Silberjodid in großen Höhen, wodurch die Agglomeration der Nebeltröpfchen herbeigeführt und deren Abregnen veranlaßt werden soll. Die auf diesem Wege erzielten Ergebnisse sind in hohem Maße unbefriedigend im Hinblick darauf, daß durch die Art des Materials selbst und die Notwendigkeit seines Transports in große Höhen erhebliche, in den meisten Fällen in keinem Verhältnis zum Nutzen stehende Kosten auftreten.In accordance with the educational conditions described above, the removal of existing fog or the prevention of fog formation up to now by spraying ion-forming substances, in particular silver iodide at great heights, whereby the agglomeration of the fog droplets is to be brought about and their raining is to be caused. The results achieved in this way are highly unsatisfactory in view of the fact that the nature of the material itself and the need to transport it to great heights result in considerable costs, which in most cases are disproportionate to the benefits.
Ziel der vorliegenden Erfindung ist die Schaffung eines Verfahrens, mit dessen Hilfe mit einem geringeren Kostenaufwand eine Beseitigung des Nebels bis in große Höhen erreicht und eine Nebelfreiheit über einen längeren Zeitraum gewährleistet werden kann. Die Erfindung besteht darin, daß die Behandlung durch Versprühen einer Substanz in feiner Verteilung erfolgt, die mit den die Nebeltrübung bildenden Wassertropfchen unter exothermer Reaktion ein gasförmiges Reaktionsprodυkt abspaltet. Durch die Erfindung ist ein Verfahren geschaffen, mit dessen Hilfe schnell und unter geringem Kostenaufwand eine eine längerwährende Nebelfreiheit großer Gebiete bis in große Höhen erreicht werden kann. Die Erfindung beruht auf der Wirkung, daß einerseits durch die chemische Reaktion der Substanz mit Wasser die in kondensierter Form vorliegende Feuchtigkeit unmittelbar gebunden und daß andererseits durch die exotherme Reaktion in Verbindung mit der Abspaltung eines gasförmigen Reaktionsproduktes ein dem Sprühbereich ein Auftrieb geschaffen wird, in dem die feinstkörnigen Materialanteile in große Höhen getragen werden, so daß sich die Reaktion von der Versprühebene aus nach oben fortsetzt. Die exothermische Reaktion hat den weiteren Vorteil, daß sich infolge der sich ergebenden Erwärmung der Luft das Wasseraufnahmevermögen der Luft wesentlich erhöht bezw. die relative Luftfeuchtigkeit verringert, was die Grundlage dafür darstellt, daß die Nebelfreiheit in dem behandelten Gebiet über längere Zeiträume erhalten bleibt.The aim of the present invention is to provide a method by means of which the mist can be removed to great heights at a lower cost and a freedom from fog can be ensured over a longer period of time. The invention consists in the fact that the treatment is carried out by spraying a substance in a fine distribution, which splits off a gaseous reaction product with the water droplets forming the fog under exothermic reaction. The invention provides a method by means of which a long-term absence of fog from large areas up to great heights can be achieved quickly and at low cost. The invention is based on the effect that on the one hand the moisture present in condensed form is bound directly by the chemical reaction of the substance with water and on the other hand that the spray area creates a buoyancy by the exothermic reaction in connection with the splitting off of a gaseous reaction product the fine-grained material portions are carried to great heights, so that the reaction continues from the spray level upwards. The exothermic reaction has the further advantage that the water absorption capacity of the air increases considerably as a result of the resulting warming of the air. the relative humidity decreases, which is the basis for the fact that the absence of fog in the treated area is maintained over longer periods.
Die Behandlung erfolgt vorteilhaft mit Hilfe einer mit Wasser chemisch reagierenden Substanz. Hierbei kommen vorzugsweise die Metallcarbide, insbesondere Calciumcarbid, einer Korngröße unter 0,3 mm, vorzugsweise unter 0,15 mm, zum Einsatz, das bei einer hohen Wärmeabgabe und preiswerter Herstellbarkeit umweltunschädliche Reaktionsprodukte bildet, nämlich einerseits Calciumhydroxid, das in einer zweckdienlichen Weise weiterhin zur Reinigung der Atmosphäre von keimbildenden Partikeln und Jonen beiträgt, und andererseits Acethylen, das aufgrund seines gegenüber Luft geringeren spezifischen Gewichtes weiterhin über die erwätrmung hinaus Auftriebskräfte erzeugt und in der Atmosphäre kurzfristig unter Einwirkung aktiver Strahlung, insbesondere UV-Strahlung der Sonne zerfällt. Es können anstelle der Metallcarbide jedoch auch eine Reihe weiterer Substanzen, insbesondere Stickstoff und Wasserstoff enthaltende organische Substanzen zum Einsatz kommen , beispielsweise Azane, Diazane, Triazane oder Tetraazane, weiterhin Azene, Diazene, Triazene oder Tetraazene, Triazdiene oder Tetraazdiene, schließlich Azo- oder Diazomethan, Ameisensäure, Methylhadrazin, Oxalsäure, Dimethylperoxid, in reiner Form oder als Salz.The treatment is advantageously carried out with the aid of a substance which chemically reacts with water. The metal carbides, in particular calcium carbide, with a grain size of less than 0.3 mm, preferably less than 0.15 mm, are preferably used here, which form environmentally harmless reaction products with high heat emission and inexpensive to produce, namely, on the one hand, calcium hydroxide, which continues to be used in a suitable manner Cleaning of the atmosphere from nucleating particles and ions contributes, and on the other hand acethylene, which, due to its lower specific weight compared to air, continues to generate buoyant forces beyond warming and briefly decays in the atmosphere under the influence of active radiation, especially UV radiation from the sun. However, instead of the metal carbides, a number of other substances, in particular nitrogen and hydrogen-containing organic substances, can also be used, for example azanes, diazanes, triazanes or tetraazanes, furthermore azenes, diazenes, triazenes or tetraazenes, triazdienes or tetraazdienes, finally azo- or diazomethane , Formic acid, methylhadrazine, oxalic acid, dimethyl peroxide, in pure form or as a salt.
Zur Unterstützung der Wirkung können den Substanzen eine oder mehrere unter exothermer Reaktion durch Hydrolye und/oder Hydratation wasserbindende Substanzen, insbesondere kristallwasserfreies Natriumsulfat, Natriumhydrophosphat, Natriumcarbonat, Bariumoxid, Siliziumchlorid oder dergl. in einer Menge bis zu 65 Gew.%, vorzugsweise zwischen 15 und 35 Gew.%, zugesetzt sein. Durch das große Wasserbindevermögen dieser Substanzen auch für nicht kondensierte Feuchtigkeit wird der Wassergehalt der Luft und damit die relative Luftfeuchtigkeit weiterhin vermindert, wodurch der Zeitraum der erzielbaren Nebelfreiheit weiterhin westlich erhöht wird. Es kann weiterhin aus demselben Grund der Materialeinsatz vielfach erheblich verringert werden insbesondere in den Fällen, in denen nicht die Schaffung von Nebelfreiheit bis in große Höhen in Rede steht, die Schaffung großer Auftriebskräfte durch Bildung großer Gasmengen und höherer Temperaturen somit nicht erforderlich ist.To support the effect, one or more substances which bind water with an exothermic reaction by hydrolysis and / or hydration, in particular sodium sulfate free from water of crystallization, sodium hydrophosphate, sodium carbonate, barium oxide, silicon chloride or the like, in an amount of up to 65% by weight, preferably between 15 and 35% by weight. Due to the large water-binding capacity of these substances, even for non-condensed moisture, the water content of the air and thus the relative air humidity is further reduced, as a result of which the period of achievable freedom from fog is further increased to the west. For the same reason, the use of materials can be reduced considerably in many cases, especially in cases where there is no question of creating freedom from fog up to high altitudes, so the creation of large buoyancy forces by the formation of large amounts of gas and higher temperatures is not necessary.
In Fällen in denen die Spontaneität der Reaktion unerwünscht ist, etwa in Fällen, in denen die plötzliche Bildung großer Acethylenmengen unerwünscht ist können der Substanz oder dem Substanzgemisch zur Pufferung der Reaktion gegenüber Wasser indifferente Materialles, beispielsweise Alkali- oder Erdalkalikcarbonate, etwa Calciumkarbonat oderIn cases in which the spontaneity of the reaction is undesirable, for example in cases in which the sudden formation of large amounts of acetylene is undesirable, the substance or the mixture of substances can be used Buffering the reaction to water-inert materials, for example alkali or alkaline earth carbonates, such as calcium carbonate or
Natriumkarbonat, zugesetzt werden. Aus demselben Grund kann das Versprühen der Substanz bezw. des Substanzgemisches an Stelle mit der üblicherweise eingesetzten getrockneten Luft mit getrocknetem Inertgas erfolgen.Sodium carbonate can be added. For the same reason, spraying the substance can. of the substance mixture take place with dried inert gas instead of with the dried air usually used.
Die Erfindung wird nachstehend anhand einiger Beispiele erläutert.The invention is explained below using a few examples.
Beispiel 1 Es soll die Landebahn eines Flughafens in einer Länge von 3000 a und einer Breite von 60 m bis in eine Höhe von 60 m nebelfrei gemacht werden.Example 1 The runway of an airport is to be cleared of a length of 3000 a and a width of 60 m up to a height of 60 m.
Die Übersattigung beträgt bei einer Außentemperatur von 10 Grad C 25 %.The oversaturation is 25% at an outside temperature of 10 degrees Celsius.
Die Sättigung bei 10 Grad C beträgt bei Luft 10 g/m3, so daß unter den gegebenen Bedingungen 2,5 g Wasser/m3 Luft, d.h. insgesamt 27 000 kg Wasser aus dem vorgegebenen Luftvolumen gebunden werden müssen.The saturation at 10 degrees C is 10 g / m3 for air, so that under the given conditions 2.5 g water / m3 air, i.e. a total of 27,000 kg of water must be bound from the specified volume of air.
Das stöchiometrische Reaktionsverhältnis zwischen Calciumcarbid und Wasser beträgt 1 : 2, so daß insgesamt bei einem Molekulargedcht des Calciumcarbids von 64 und des Wassers von 18 für fie Bindung, des Wassers der Einsatz von insgesamt ca. 80000 kg Calciumcarbid erforderlich sind, die bei der Reaktion etwa 250 000 m3 Acethylen freisetzen, was einem Anteil an dem fraglichen Luftvolumen von etwa 1,4 %, d.h einer bei weitem noch nicht gefährlihen Konzentration entspricht.The stoichiometric reaction ratio between calcium carbide and water is 1: 2, so that a total of about 80,000 kg of calcium carbide are required for a molecular weight of calcium carbide of 64 and water of 18 for binding, the water, which is approximately in the reaction Release 250,000 m3 of acethylene, which corresponds to a proportion of the air volume in question of around 1.4%, ie a concentration that is far from dangerous.
Das Versprühen erfolgt mit mehrerern Staubkanonen mit getrockneter Luft bei einem Druck von 6 Atü bis in Höhen von etwa 50 m, voraus für mindestens 8 Stunden ein nebelfreier Korridor in der verlangten Ausdehnung resultiert.The spraying is done with several dust cannons with dried air at a pressure of 6 Atü up to heights of about 50 m, for At least 8 hours a fog-free corridor results in the requested expansion.
Beispiel 2 Es soll unter den gleichen äußeren Bedingungen wie in Beispiel 1 ein Sportfeld in einer Länge von 200 m und einer Breite von 150 m bis in eine Höhe von 50 m vom Nebel befreit werden. Die zu bindende Wassermenge beträgt in diesem Fall 3750 kg. Es kommen zum Einsatz eine Substanzmischung aus 75% Calciumcarbid und 25% Natriumhydrophosphat, von dem 216 g Wasser pro Mol eingesetzter Substanz, entsprechend ca. 1520 g Wasser pro Kg gebunden werden. Die eingesetzte Mischung bindet somit ca. 800 g Wasser je kg, so daß insgesamt etwa 4687 kg Substanzmischung eingestzt werden muß. Das Versprühen erfolgt in der in Beispiel 1 beschriebenen Weise in einer Höhe von etwa 30 bis 35 m. Example 2 Under the same external conditions as in Example 1, a sports field 200 m long and 150 m wide should be freed from fog up to a height of 50 m. The amount of water to be bound in this case is 3750 kg. A mixture of substances consisting of 75% calcium carbide and 25% sodium hydrophosphate is used, of which 216 g water per mole of substance used, corresponding to approx. 1520 g water per kg, are bound. The mixture used thus binds about 800 g of water per kg, so that a total of about 4687 kg of substance mixture must be used. The spraying takes place in the manner described in Example 1 at a height of approximately 30 to 35 m.

Claims

Patentansprüche Claims
1. Verfahren zur Beseitigung von Nebel aus der Atmosphäre durch Versprühen eines Reagenz in die durch Nebel getrübte Atmosphäre, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Behandlung durch Versprühen einer Substanz in feiner Verteilung erfolgt, die mit den die Nebeltrübung bildenden Wassertröpfchen unter exothermer Reaktion ein gasförmiges Reaktionsprodukt abspaltet.1. A process for removing mist from the atmosphere by spraying a reagent into the atmosphere clouded by mist, characterized in that the treatment is carried out by spraying a substance in a fine distribution which splits off a gaseous reaction product with the water droplets forming the fog under exothermic reaction .
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Behandlung mit Hilfe einer mit Wasser chemisch reagierenden Substanz erfolgt.2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the treatment is carried out with the aid of a substance which chemically reacts with water.
3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Behandlung mit einem Metallcarbid, vorzugsweise Calciumcarbid, einer Korngröße unter 0,3 mm, vorzugsweise unter 0,15 mm, erfolgt.3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that the treatment with a metal carbide, preferably calcium carbide, a grain size below 0.3 mm, preferably below 0.15 mm, takes place.
4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Behandlung mit einer Stickstoff und Wasserstoff enthaltenden organischen Substanz, beispielsweise einem Azan, Diazan, Triazan oder Tetraazan, einem Azen, Diazen, Triazen oder Tetraazen, einem Triazdien oder Tetraazdien, weiterhin Azo- oder Diazomethan, Ameisensäure, Methylhadrazin, Oxalsäure, Dimethylperoxid, in reiner Form oder als Salz erfolgt.4. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that the treatment with a nitrogen and hydrogen-containing organic substance, for example an azane, diazane, triazane or tetraazane, an azen, diazen, triazene or tetraazene, a triazdiene or tetraazdiene, further azo or Diazomethane, formic acid, methylhadrazine, oxalic acid, dimethyl peroxide, in pure form or as a salt.
5. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4 dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Substanz eine oder mehrere unter exothermer Reaktion durch Hydrolyse und/oder Hydratation wasserbindende Substanzen in einer Menge bis zu 65 Gew.%, vorzugsweise zwischen 15 und 35 Gew.% enthält.5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the substance contains one or more substances which bind water under exothermic reaction by hydrolysis and / or hydration in an amount of up to 65% by weight, preferably between 15 and 35% by weight.
6. Verfahren nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Substanz als durch Hydrolyse bezw. Hydratation Wasser bindende Substanzen kristallwasserfreies Natriumsulfat, Natriumhydrophosphat, Natriumcarbonat, Bariumoxid, Siliziumchlorid oder dergl. enthält.6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that the substance as or by hydrolysis. Hydration Water binding substances contains water of crystallization-free sodium sulfate, sodium hydrophosphate, sodium carbonate, barium oxide, silicon chloride or the like.
7. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Substanz zur Pufferung der Reaktion gegenüber Wasser indifferente Materialien, beispielsweise Alkali- oder Erdalkalikcarbonate, etwa Calciumkarbonat oder Natriumkarbonat, enthält.7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the substance for buffering the reaction to water indifferent materials, such as alkali or alkaline earth carbonates, such as calcium carbonate or sodium carbonate, contains.
8. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Versprühen der Substanz bezw. des Substanzgemisches mit getrockneter Luft erfolgt.8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the spraying of the substance. of the mixture of substances with dried air.
9. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Versprühen der Substanz bezw. des Substanzgemisches mit getrocknetem Inertgas erfolgt.9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the spraying of the substance. the mixture of substances with dried inert gas.
10. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zur Verhinderung von Rücknebelung in gewissen Zeitabständen schmale Streifen der nebelfrei zu haltenden Zone behandelt werden. 10. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that narrow strips of the zone to be kept free of fog are treated at certain time intervals to prevent re-misting.
EP84900053A 1982-12-23 1983-12-18 Method for eliminating fog from the atmosphere Expired EP0129571B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT84900053T ATE37402T1 (en) 1982-12-23 1983-12-18 METHOD OF REMOVING FOG FROM THE ATMOSPHERE.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19823247607 DE3247607A1 (en) 1982-12-23 1982-12-23 METHOD FOR REMOVING FOG FROM THE ATMOSPHERA
DE3247607 1982-12-23

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EP0129571A1 true EP0129571A1 (en) 1985-01-02
EP0129571B1 EP0129571B1 (en) 1988-09-21

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EP (1) EP0129571B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS60500297A (en)
DE (2) DE3247607A1 (en)
WO (1) WO1984002542A1 (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3344809A1 (en) * 1983-12-12 1985-06-13 Zbigniew Dr. 6078 Neu-Isenburg Boguslawski METHOD AND DEVICE FOR REMOVING FOG FROM THE ATMOSPHERA
DE3423354A1 (en) * 1984-06-25 1986-06-05 INTU-Institut für neue Technologien im Umweltschutz GmbH, 4430 Steinfurt Process and gritting material to increase the grip on ice surfaces

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FR797862A (en) * 1935-02-08 1936-05-05 Method and apparatus for ensuring visibility despite fog and natural or artificial clouds
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FR1460540A (en) * 1965-04-02 1966-01-07 Consiglio Nazionale Ricerche Fuel compositions for the production of aerosols, particularly suitable for modifying meteorological conditions
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DE2043519A1 (en) * 1970-09-02 1972-03-16 Farbwerke Hoechst AG, vorm. Meister Lucius & Brüning, 6000 Frankfurt Methods and means for influencing the weather
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS60500297A (en) 1985-03-07
WO1984002542A1 (en) 1984-07-05
EP0129571B1 (en) 1988-09-21
DE3378066D1 (en) 1988-10-27
DE3247607C2 (en) 1988-04-14
DE3247607A1 (en) 1984-07-05

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