EP0128095B1 - Ventilation system for a dwelling - Google Patents

Ventilation system for a dwelling Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0128095B1
EP0128095B1 EP84401123A EP84401123A EP0128095B1 EP 0128095 B1 EP0128095 B1 EP 0128095B1 EP 84401123 A EP84401123 A EP 84401123A EP 84401123 A EP84401123 A EP 84401123A EP 0128095 B1 EP0128095 B1 EP 0128095B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
extraction
vent
extractor
duct
helicoidal
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP84401123A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0128095A3 (en
EP0128095A2 (en
Inventor
Francis Michel Dran
Marcel Pierre Hurez
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
CENTRE D'ETUDES ET DE RECHERCHES DE L'INDUSTRIE DU BETON MANUFACTURE
Original Assignee
CENTRE D'ETUDES ET DE RECHERCHES DE L'INDUSTRIE DU BETON MANUFACTURE
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by CENTRE D'ETUDES ET DE RECHERCHES DE L'INDUSTRIE DU BETON MANUFACTURE filed Critical CENTRE D'ETUDES ET DE RECHERCHES DE L'INDUSTRIE DU BETON MANUFACTURE
Priority to AT84401123T priority Critical patent/ATE29777T1/en
Publication of EP0128095A2 publication Critical patent/EP0128095A2/en
Publication of EP0128095A3 publication Critical patent/EP0128095A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0128095B1 publication Critical patent/EP0128095B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F7/00—Ventilation
    • F24F7/04—Ventilation with ducting systems, e.g. by double walls; with natural circulation
    • F24F7/06—Ventilation with ducting systems, e.g. by double walls; with natural circulation with forced air circulation, e.g. by fan positioning of a ventilator in or against a conduit
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F7/00—Ventilation
    • F24F7/007—Ventilation with forced flow

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a ventilation system for a residential accommodation comprising at least one service room with an air outlet which communicates with an extraction duct without horizontal or counter-sloping part and which comprises a mouth provided with means of mechanical air extraction.
  • Ventilation is provided either by forced mechanical extractors, or naturally using vertical ducts.
  • Natural ventilation requires vertical exhaust ducts and air outlets of sufficient section to ensure the maximum desired flow. This results in significant energy losses during the cold season.
  • a ventilation system combining natural ventilation and mechanical ventilation is proposed in document DE-A-1 922 943.
  • air outlets are provided with and without fan and are connected to connection ducts respective which extend over a storey height and open into a collective evacuation duct.
  • connection ducts respective which extend over a storey height and open into a collective evacuation duct.
  • the present invention aims to remedy the aforementioned drawbacks of known ventilation systems.
  • the extraction duct is a specific individual duct for said service room and is dimensioned to ensure by natural ventilation a minimum required extraction flow rate; and the air outlet comprises an additional mouth placed in derivation of the first mouth in which the mechanical extraction means are mounted in the form of a helical extractor, the additional mouth being provided with a shutter which, when it is open, ensures the minimum extraction flow required by natural ventilation through the additional mouth in combination with the passage through the helical extractor when stopped, and which, when closed, controls the starting of the helical extractor to ensure an extraction flow rate greater than the minimum flow rate only through said first mouth.
  • the extraction duct it is sufficient to size the extraction duct to ensure the minimum flow required by natural ventilation, which limits energy losses.
  • the mechanical extraction means must only be actuated to ensure a desired higher extraction rate, which limits the energy consumption.
  • the minimum extraction flow rate is guaranteed.
  • the minimum flow is defined by the total section of air passage when the mechanical extraction means are at rest while the maximum flow is ensured only through the mechanical extraction means in operation; the desired minimum and maximum flow values can therefore be predetermined with precision.
  • the ventilation system according to the invention can be used for accommodation in individual or collective dwellings. Air inlets are placed in main rooms and mixed exhaust air outlets (natural and mechanical) are placed in service rooms.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates an air outlet making a part 10 communicate with an individual extraction duct 11, for example made of concrete, the duct 11 being vertical, that is to say without a horizontal part or counter-slope.
  • This outlet comprises a mouth 12 in which is mounted an electric helical extractor 13, the starting of which makes it possible to obtain the maximum desired air extraction rate.
  • an additional mouth 14 is provided next to the mouth 12, bypass on the extractor 13, to make the room 10 communicate directly with the conduit 11.
  • the mouth 14 is provided with a cover 15 having tabs 16 guided on an inclined circular ramp 17 so that the mouth 12 can be opened (FIG. 2) or closed (FIGS. 1 and 3) by rotating the 180 degree cover.
  • a microswitch 18 is disposed in the mouth 14 and is closed when the cover 15 is in the closed position, to control the actuation of the extractor 13; the maximum extraction rate is thus ensured only through the mouth 12.
  • the starting of the extractor can be carried out by other means, for example a manual switch.
  • the adjustment of the passage section through the mouth 14 to ensure the minimum flow required in combination with the passage through the blades of the extractor 13 is carried out according to the characteristics of the housing during the installation of the ventilation system.
  • a mouth 14 is used for this purpose, the rear wall 19 of which is divided into several calibrated knockout sectors 19a (FIG. 4); the adjustment of the air passage section is achieved by knocking down one or more of these sectors.
  • the maximum flow rate can be adjusted according to the characteristics of the housing either by adapting the extractor 13 or by increasing the pressure drop by means of a more or less closed grid placed in the mouth 14, the extractor 13 then being of a standard type.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ventilation (AREA)
  • Air-Flow Control Members (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)
  • Cooling Or The Like Of Electrical Apparatus (AREA)
  • Casings For Electric Apparatus (AREA)
  • Input Circuits Of Receivers And Coupling Of Receivers And Audio Equipment (AREA)

Abstract

1. Ventilation system for a dwelling comprising at least a service room with an air exit side communicating with an extraction duct (11) without horizontal part or counterslope, and which comprises a first vent (12) provided with means for the mechanical extraction of air (13), characterized in that : - the extraction duct (11) is a particular and individual duct intended for said service room and is so dimensioned as to provide by natural ventilation a minimum requested rate of extraction, and - the air exit side comprises and additional vent (14) by-passing the first vent (12), and in which are mounted the mechanical extraction means in the form of a helicoidal extractor (13), the additional vent (14) being provided with an obturator (15) which, when it is open, ensures the minimum requested output of extraction by natural ventilation through the additional vent (14) in combination with the passage through the helicoidal extractor (13) when this is stopped, and which, when it is closed, controls the start-up of the helicoidal extractor (13) to ensure an extraction output higher than the minimum output only through said first vent (12).

Description

La présente invention concerne un système de ventilation pour un logement d'habitation comportant au moins une pièce de service avec une sortie d'air qui communique avec un conduit d'extraction sans partie horizontale ou contrepente et qui comprend une bouche munie de moyens d'extraction mécanique d'air.The present invention relates to a ventilation system for a residential accommodation comprising at least one service room with an air outlet which communicates with an extraction duct without horizontal or counter-sloping part and which comprises a mouth provided with means of mechanical air extraction.

Pour assurer la ventilation des logements d'habitation dans des maisons ou immeubles, il est connu de disposer des entrées d'air dans les pièces principales et des sorties d'air dans les pièces de service (cuisine, salles de bains, W.-C.). La ventilation doit répondre à une réglementation précise. En particulier, un débit d'extraction minimum doit être garanti et le débit d'extraction doit pouvoir être volontairement augmenté à une valeur plus élevée, par exemple égale à plus du double de la valeur minimale requise.To ensure the ventilation of residential dwellings in houses or buildings, it is known to have air inlets in the main rooms and air outlets in the service rooms (kitchen, bathrooms, W.- VS.). The ventilation must meet specific regulations. In particular, a minimum extraction rate must be guaranteed and the extraction rate must be able to be voluntarily increased to a higher value, for example equal to more than twice the minimum value required.

Actuellement, la ventilation est assurée soit de façon forcée par des extracteurs mécaniques, soit de façon naturelle à l'aide de conduits verticaux.Currently, ventilation is provided either by forced mechanical extractors, or naturally using vertical ducts.

La ventilation naturelle requiert des conduits d'extraction verticaux et des sorties d'air de section suffisante pour assurer le débit maximal souhaité. Il en résulte d'importantes déperditions énergétiques pendant la saison froide.Natural ventilation requires vertical exhaust ducts and air outlets of sufficient section to ensure the maximum desired flow. This results in significant energy losses during the cold season.

Les extracteurs mécaniques permettent d'utiliser des conduits avec parties horizontales et con- trepentes et avec une section réduite, et facilitent la régulation du débit, mais doivent fonctionner en permanence. Il s'agit de façon générale de ventilateurs actionnés électriquement. Leur fonctionnement permanent entraîne une certaine consommation d'énergie et est tributaire de l'alimentation en électricité. En cas de panne ou coupure électrique, le débit minimum requis ne peut pas être assuré.Mechanical extractors allow the use of conduits with horizontal and cross-sectional parts and with a reduced cross-section, and facilitate flow regulation, but must operate continuously. These are generally electrically operated fans. Their permanent operation entails a certain consumption of energy and is dependent on the supply of electricity. In the event of a power outage or failure, the minimum flow required cannot be guaranteed.

Un système de ventilation combinant la ventilation naturelle et la ventilation mécanique est proposé dans le document DE-A-1 922 943. Dans les pièces de service, des sorties d'air sont prévues avec et sans ventilateur et sont reliées à des conduits de raccordement respectifs qui s'étendent sur une hauteur d'étage et débouchent dans un conduit d'évacuation collectif. Un tel système permet de combiner ventilation naturelle et ventilation mécanique mais, dans ce dernier mode de fonctionnement, des refoulements paraissent inévitables dans d'autres pièces de service du même logement ou d'un autre logement par l'intermédiaire du conduit collectif.A ventilation system combining natural ventilation and mechanical ventilation is proposed in document DE-A-1 922 943. In the service rooms, air outlets are provided with and without fan and are connected to connection ducts respective which extend over a storey height and open into a collective evacuation duct. Such a system makes it possible to combine natural ventilation and mechanical ventilation but, in the latter operating mode, back-ups appear inevitable in other service rooms of the same dwelling or of another dwelling through the collective duct.

La présente invention a pour but de remédier aux inconvénients précités des systèmes de ventilation connus.The present invention aims to remedy the aforementioned drawbacks of known ventilation systems.

Ce but est atteint grâce à un système dans lequel, conformément à l'invention, le conduit d'extraction est un conduit individuel particulier pour ladite pièce de service et est dimensionné pour assurer par ventilation naturelle un débit d'extraction minimum requis; et la sortie d'air comprend une bouche additionnelle placée en dérivation de la première bouche dans laquelle sont montés les moyens d'extraction mécanique sous forme d'un extracteur hélicoïde, la bouche additionelle étant munie d'un obturateur qui, lorsqu'il est ouvert, assure le débit d'extraction minimum requis par ventilation naturelle à travers la bouche additionelle en combinaison avec le passage à travers l'extracteur hélicoïde à l'arrêt, et qui, lorsqu'il est fermé, commande la mise en marche de l'extracteur hélicoïde pour assurer un débit d'extraction supérieur au débit minimum uniquement à travers ladite première bouche.This object is achieved by a system in which, in accordance with the invention, the extraction duct is a specific individual duct for said service room and is dimensioned to ensure by natural ventilation a minimum required extraction flow rate; and the air outlet comprises an additional mouth placed in derivation of the first mouth in which the mechanical extraction means are mounted in the form of a helical extractor, the additional mouth being provided with a shutter which, when it is open, ensures the minimum extraction flow required by natural ventilation through the additional mouth in combination with the passage through the helical extractor when stopped, and which, when closed, controls the starting of the helical extractor to ensure an extraction flow rate greater than the minimum flow rate only through said first mouth.

Ainsi, il suffit de dimensionner le conduit d'extraction pour assurer le débit minimum requis par ventilation naturelle, ce qui limite les déperditions énergétiques. De plus, les moyens d'extraction mécanique ne doivent être actionnés que pour assurer un débit d'extraction supérieur souhaité, ce qui limite la consommation d'énergie. De plus encore, même en cas de panne ou coupure de l'alimentation en énergie des moyens d'extraction mécanique, le débit d'extraction minimum est assuré. Enfin, tout risque de refoulement est évité du fait qu'un conduit individuel particulier est associé à chaque pièce de service, et du fait qu'en régime de ventilation mécanique la communication entre la pièce et la conduit d'évacuation est réalisé exclusivement à travers la bouche munie de l'extracteur hélicoïde (ventilateur à pales).Thus, it is sufficient to size the extraction duct to ensure the minimum flow required by natural ventilation, which limits energy losses. In addition, the mechanical extraction means must only be actuated to ensure a desired higher extraction rate, which limits the energy consumption. Furthermore, even in the event of a breakdown or cut in the power supply to the mechanical extraction means, the minimum extraction flow rate is guaranteed. Finally, any risk of backflow is avoided because a particular individual duct is associated with each service room, and because in mechanical ventilation mode communication between the room and the exhaust duct is carried out exclusively through the mouth fitted with the helical extractor (fan with blades).

Le débit minimum est défini par la section totale de passage de l'air lorsque les moyens d'extraction mécaniques sont au repos tandis que le débit maximum est assuré uniquement à travers les moyens d'extraction mécanique en fonctionnement; les valeurs désirées de débit minimum et maximum peuvent donc être prédéterminées avec précision.The minimum flow is defined by the total section of air passage when the mechanical extraction means are at rest while the maximum flow is ensured only through the mechanical extraction means in operation; the desired minimum and maximum flow values can therefore be predetermined with precision.

D'autres particularités et avantages du système de ventilation conforme à l'invention ressortiront à la lecture de la description faite ci-après, à titre indicatif mais non limitatif, en référence aux dessins annexés sur lesquels:

  • - la figure 1 est une vue schématique en coupe d'une sortie d'air pour une pièce de service dans un système de ventilation conforme à l'invention;
  • - les figures 2 et 3 sont des vues à échelle agrandie et en coupe de la bouche additionnelle de la sortie d'air montrée sur la figure 1, et
  • - la figure 4 est une vue de l'arrière de la bouche additionnelle montrée sur les figures 2 et 3.
Other features and advantages of the ventilation system according to the invention will emerge on reading the description given below, by way of indication but not limitation, with reference to the appended drawings in which:
  • - Figure 1 is a schematic sectional view of an air outlet for a service room in a ventilation system according to the invention;
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 are views on an enlarged scale and in section of the additional mouth of the air outlet shown in FIG. 1, and
  • FIG. 4 is a view of the rear of the additional mouth shown in FIGS. 2 and 3.

Le système de ventilation conforme à l'invention est utilisable pour des logements dans des habitations individuelles ou collectives. Des entrées d'air sont placées dans des pièces principales et des sorties d'air à extraction mixte (naturelle et mécanique) sont placées dans les pièces de service.The ventilation system according to the invention can be used for accommodation in individual or collective dwellings. Air inlets are placed in main rooms and mixed exhaust air outlets (natural and mechanical) are placed in service rooms.

La figure 1 illustre une sortie d'air faisant co- muniquer une pièce 10 avec un conduit d'extraction individuel 11, par exemple en béton, le conduit 11 étant vertical, c'est-à-dire sans partie horizontale ou contrepente. Cette sortie comprend une bouche 12 dans laquelle est monté un extracteur hélicoïde électrique 13 dont la mise en marche permet d'obtenir le débit d'extraction d'air maximum souhaité.FIG. 1 illustrates an air outlet making a part 10 communicate with an individual extraction duct 11, for example made of concrete, the duct 11 being vertical, that is to say without a horizontal part or counter-slope. This outlet comprises a mouth 12 in which is mounted an electric helical extractor 13, the starting of which makes it possible to obtain the maximum desired air extraction rate.

Pour assurer le débit d'extraction minimum requis, notamment lorsque la pièce de service 10 est une cuisine, une bouche additionnelle 14 est prévue à côté de la bouche 12, en dérivation sur l'extracteur 13, pour faire communiquer directement la pièce 10 avec le conduit 11. La bouche 14 est munie d'un couvercle 15 présentant des pattes 16 guidées sur une rampe circulaire inclinée 17 de sorte que la bouche 12 peut être ouverte (figure 2)ou fermée (figures 1 et 3) en faisant tourner le couvercle de 180 degrés. Un micro-contact 18 est disposé dans la bouche 14 et est fermé lorsque le couvercle 15 est en position de fermeture, pour commander l'actionnement de l'extracteur 13; le débit d'extraction maximum est ainsi assuré uniquement à travers la bouche 12. Bien entendu, la mise en marche de l'extracteur peut être réalisée par d'autres moyens, par exemple un interrupteur manuel. Le réglage de la section de passage à travers la bouche 14 pour assurer le débit minimum requis en combinaison avec le passage à travers les pales de l'extracteur 13 est effectué en fonction des caractéristiques du logement lors de l'installation du système de ventilation. On utilise avantageusement à cet effet une bouche 14 dont la paroi arrière 19 est partagée en plusieurs secteurs calibrés défonçables 19a (figure 4); le réglage de la section de passage d'air est réalisé en défonçant un ou plusieurs de ces secteurs.To ensure the minimum required extraction rate, in particular when the service room 10 is a kitchen, an additional mouth 14 is provided next to the mouth 12, bypass on the extractor 13, to make the room 10 communicate directly with the conduit 11. The mouth 14 is provided with a cover 15 having tabs 16 guided on an inclined circular ramp 17 so that the mouth 12 can be opened (FIG. 2) or closed (FIGS. 1 and 3) by rotating the 180 degree cover. A microswitch 18 is disposed in the mouth 14 and is closed when the cover 15 is in the closed position, to control the actuation of the extractor 13; the maximum extraction rate is thus ensured only through the mouth 12. Of course, the starting of the extractor can be carried out by other means, for example a manual switch. The adjustment of the passage section through the mouth 14 to ensure the minimum flow required in combination with the passage through the blades of the extractor 13 is carried out according to the characteristics of the housing during the installation of the ventilation system. Advantageously, a mouth 14 is used for this purpose, the rear wall 19 of which is divided into several calibrated knockout sectors 19a (FIG. 4); the adjustment of the air passage section is achieved by knocking down one or more of these sectors.

Le réglage du débit maximum en fonction des caractéristiques du logement est réalisé soit en adaptant l'extracteur 13, soit en augmentant la perte de charge au moyen d'une grille plus ou moins obturée placée dans la bouche 14, l'extracteur 13 étant alors d'un type standard.The maximum flow rate can be adjusted according to the characteristics of the housing either by adapting the extractor 13 or by increasing the pressure drop by means of a more or less closed grid placed in the mouth 14, the extractor 13 then being of a standard type.

Claims (2)

1. Ventilation system for a dwelling comprising at least a service room with an air exit side communicating with an extraction duct (11) without horizontal part or counterslope, and which comprises a first vent (12) provided with means for the mechanical extraction of air (13), characterized in that:
- the extraction duct (11) is a particular and individual duct intended for said service room and is so dimensioned as to provide by natural ventilation a minimum requested rate of extraction, and
- the air exit side comprises and additional vent (14) by-passing the first vent (12), and in which are mounted the mechanical extraction means in the form of a helicoidal extractor (13), the additional vent (14) being provided with an obturator (15) which, when it is open, ensures the minimum requested output of extraction by natural ventilation through the additional vent (14) in combination with the passage through the helicoidal extractor (13) when this is stopped, and which, when it is closed, controls the start-up of the helicoidal extractor (13) to ensure an extraction output higher than the minimum output only through said first vent (12).
2. Ventilation system according to claim 1, characterized in that the air passage section through the additional vent (14) is adjustable by staving in calibrated sectors (19a).
EP84401123A 1983-06-03 1984-06-01 Ventilation system for a dwelling Expired EP0128095B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT84401123T ATE29777T1 (en) 1983-06-03 1984-06-01 VENTILATION SYSTEM FOR AN APARTMENT.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8309263 1983-06-03
FR8309263A FR2550323B1 (en) 1983-06-03 1983-06-03 VENTILATION SYSTEM FOR HOUSING

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0128095A2 EP0128095A2 (en) 1984-12-12
EP0128095A3 EP0128095A3 (en) 1985-01-09
EP0128095B1 true EP0128095B1 (en) 1987-09-16

Family

ID=9289469

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP84401123A Expired EP0128095B1 (en) 1983-06-03 1984-06-01 Ventilation system for a dwelling

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0128095B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE29777T1 (en)
DE (1) DE3466275D1 (en)
ES (1) ES8503112A1 (en)
FR (1) FR2550323B1 (en)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FI79406C (en) * 1987-06-12 1989-12-11 Halton Oy A system for regulating a minimum air flow to a space and / or from a space to be ventilated.

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE367051C (en) * 1923-01-16 Gottfried Ribbe Electric ceiling fan in connection with a lighting device
FR1080990A (en) * 1953-07-07 1954-12-15 Relay heater
DE1107916B (en) * 1960-05-16 1961-05-31 Linke Fa Paul Window vent
DE977753C (en) * 1964-01-15 1969-09-18 Keller & Knappich Ges Mit Besc Ventilation of tank towers and vehicles
DE1922943A1 (en) * 1969-05-06 1970-12-10 Wakofic Bautechnik Gmbh & Co K Ventilation shaft system
DE1959234A1 (en) * 1969-11-26 1971-06-09 Becker Kg E & A Arrangement for the ventilation of rooms

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES533061A0 (en) 1985-02-01
EP0128095A3 (en) 1985-01-09
ATE29777T1 (en) 1987-10-15
EP0128095A2 (en) 1984-12-12
FR2550323A1 (en) 1985-02-08
ES8503112A1 (en) 1985-02-01
FR2550323B1 (en) 1988-09-23
DE3466275D1 (en) 1987-10-22

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