EP0123101B1 - Cylinder head for an air-cooled internal-combustion piston engine - Google Patents

Cylinder head for an air-cooled internal-combustion piston engine Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0123101B1
EP0123101B1 EP84102773A EP84102773A EP0123101B1 EP 0123101 B1 EP0123101 B1 EP 0123101B1 EP 84102773 A EP84102773 A EP 84102773A EP 84102773 A EP84102773 A EP 84102773A EP 0123101 B1 EP0123101 B1 EP 0123101B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
air
cylinder
cooling
cylinder head
fins
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP84102773A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0123101A3 (en
EP0123101A2 (en
Inventor
Wilhelm Vosmeyer
Roderick Cole
Pavel Jan Slezak
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Khd Canada Inc Deutz R & D Devision
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Khd Canada Inc Deutz R & D Devision
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Priority to AT84102773T priority Critical patent/ATE31105T1/en
Publication of EP0123101A2 publication Critical patent/EP0123101A2/en
Publication of EP0123101A3 publication Critical patent/EP0123101A3/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F1/00—Cylinders; Cylinder heads 
    • F02F1/24—Cylinder heads
    • F02F1/26—Cylinder heads having cooling means
    • F02F1/28—Cylinder heads having cooling means for air cooling
    • F02F1/30—Finned cylinder heads
    • F02F1/32—Finned cylinder heads the cylinder heads being of overhead valve type

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an air-cooled reciprocating piston internal combustion engine according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • a generic air-cooled reciprocating internal combustion engine with corresponding single cylinder heads is known from the engine series 924 to 930 of the Tatra-Werke, CSSR, and in the specialist book "Air-cooled vehicle engines by J. Mackerle, Frank'sche Verlagbuch Kunststoff, Stuttgart, 1964" on pages 171 to 173 and 524 to 528 shown and described.
  • the cylinder heads and the cooling fins are designed in such a way that each cylinder head forms a cooling unit and is flowed through in a substantially straight line.
  • the individual cylinder head like the side baffles, is only a limitation for the air flow to the other cylinder head.
  • Such a reciprocating piston internal combustion engine or such a cylinder head is only suitable for limited outputs, since in particular the area of the exhaust port and the area between
  • the object of the present invention is to improve a generic air-cooled reciprocating piston internal combustion engine or its cylinder heads and their cooling in such a way that higher outputs can be achieved, high strength of the cylinder head should be ensured, and in particular good cooling air guidance with good cooling of the hottest points of the cylinder head is to be achieved.
  • adjacent cylinder heads by means of the outer contours of the gas exchange channels in connection with central areas arranged between the valve stem guides and with cooling ribs oriented essentially transversely to the cylinder axis form an at least arc-shaped cooling air channel in a cylinder head cover area facing away from the cylinder in a substantially horizontal plane and that the cylinder-side cylinder head base section is provided circumferentially on the exhaust air side and on the fourth side opposite the inlet valve stem guide with cooling fins and has the slugs for the fastening screws.
  • the cylinder head according to the invention is formed in one piece, but can be divided into a cylinder head cover area facing away from the cylinder and into a cylinder head bottom area.
  • the cylinder head base area is so thick that sufficient strength is achieved and a stable and even seal to the cylinder tube is achieved.
  • the slugs for the fastening screws of the cylinder head also end, so that the cylinder head cut above it, which faces away from the cylinder, is determined exclusively by the gas exchange channels and cooling fins and a central area.
  • the plane leading through the valve stem guides is preferably rotated by 30 ° to the longitudinal direction of the internal combustion engine.
  • the approximately hook-shaped curved inlet duct extends from the valve to the center of the supply air side of the cylinder head and the outlet duct is guided essentially at right angles to the exhaust air side in the shortest way to this, resulting in - if you look at two cylinder heads from above - an arc or S-shaped cooling air duct.
  • the cooling air is deflected several times in this cooling air duct and therefore brings about very good heat dissipation.
  • this cooling channel which, depending on the size of the cooling fins, can be divided into a plurality of curved or S-shaped sections, is very large, since there are no slugs for the fastening screws.
  • a cooling air stream cools in the area of the exhaust valve and the exhaust port, also in the area of the cylinder head; which consists of a partial flow of air coming in a straight line via a duct and an indentation and a partial air flow via oblique ribs arranged at an acute angle in the cylinder head base area.
  • the partial air flow via the inclined ribs is branched off from the main air flow.
  • the arrangement of further V-ribs and parallel ribs in the cylinder head base area on the exhaust air side according to claim 4 and arrangement of locking plates on the exhaust air side according to claim 8 ensures that the parts of the arc-shaped or S-shaped main cooling air flow also to the exhaust air side in the Area below the exhaust port to the cylinder head floor area.
  • the outer contour of the cylinder head cover area facing away from the cylinder is also reduced compared to the cooling fins below the exhaust port, so that a sufficiently large air flow can reach these fins.
  • the extension and bending of the locking plates along the upper edge of the cylinder heads also contribute to this, as well as the configurations of the locking plates on the exhaust side and by choosing one suitable flow distance to the outlet duct contour, to the next locking plate and to the cylinder head base, ensure that the cooling air is guided precisely and in a metered manner until it leaves the cylinder heads.
  • the locking plates in the area of the cylinder head floor area between two adjacent cylinder head floors have recesses through which the air flow guided through the channel and the indentation can escape.
  • the central area between the gas exchange channels can be produced in one piece, solidly and without interruption with the cylinder head, and that the injection nozzle arranged there is adequately cooled by the inventive design of the cylinder head. If the central area also has to be cooled in the event of special requirements, the invention provides for cooling fins or channels for coolant to be provided there as well. For example, an incision could be provided between the outlet duct and the central region or the central region and the inlet duct.
  • the main cooling air duct between the cylinder heads is arched or S-shaped, it is proposed according to claim 12, since the lateral guide plates also have extensions which correspond to the guidance through a further cylinder head. They are also advantageously integrally connected to the corresponding part of the locking plate.
  • 1 generally designates a single cylinder head of an air-cooled reciprocating internal combustion engine, the outer shape of which is essentially cube-shaped and each has an inlet duct 2 and an outlet duct 3, which extend to the supply air side 16 and the opposite exhaust air side 17 of the cylinder head 1.
  • the intake port 2 and the exhaust port 3 are controlled by intake valves, not shown, which limit the gas changes 2, 3 at their ends on the cylinder head bottom side.
  • cooling air flows towards the cylinder heads 1, which is supplied on the supply air side 16 and leaves the cylinder heads 1 on the exhaust air side 17.
  • the plane running through the axes of the valve stem guides 20, 22 is rotated at an angle of 30 ° to the longitudinal direction of the internal combustion engine.
  • the inlet duct 2 begins in the middle of the supply air side 16 and merges with the inlet valve into a swirl duct.
  • the exhaust duct 3 opens out - by the shortest route from the exhaust duct to the outside - vertically on the exhaust side 17 of the cylinder head 1.
  • a central region 4 is provided, which in the exemplary embodiment of the invention is made solid and in one piece with the cylinder head .
  • the cylinder head 1 creates an arc-shaped or S-shaped cooling air duct 5 in connection with the respectively adjacent cylinder head 1, in which the cooling air is deflected several times and therefore optimally dissipates heat.
  • the cylinder head 1 has a cylinder head base region 6 and a cylinder head deck region 7.
  • the cylinder head cover area 7 has cooling fins 8 which are aligned perpendicular to the cylinder axis and essentially extend from the inlet and outlet channels 2, 3 or from the central area 4 to the outer sides 16, 17, 18, 19.
  • the cylinder head base region 6 has slugs 9 for fastening screws 23 (FIG. 5).
  • the cylinder head base region 6 has, on the side opposite the inlet duct 2, 19 inclined ribs 8a (FIGS. 1, 4) which are aligned at an acute angle to the cylinder axis. Below these inclined ribs 8a, as can also be seen from FIG. 2, a channel 10 is provided, which extends from the supply air side 16 to the exhaust air side 17. Longitudinal ribs 8b are arranged in the channel 10 from the supply air side 16 to the inclined ribs 8a. The channel 10 is widened in connection with the oblique ribs 8a or the longitudinal ribs 8b, so that the partial air streams (FIG. 4) combined here can flow freely. Depending on the desired size of the cooling air flows through the lateral ribs of the cover plate section, the adjacent cylinder head 1 can have an adapted indentation 21 on the adjacent side.
  • the cylinder head base area 6 has on the exhaust air side 17 at an acute angle to the cylinder axis and V-shaped under the exhaust port 3 V-ribs 8c, to which parallel ribs 8d aligned parallel to the cylinder axis and reaching to the cylinder head base are connected (FIGS. 2, 5) .
  • the incoming cold cooling air divides (outlined arrows) into a main air flow, which flows through the arc-shaped or S-shaped cooling air duct 5, 5a, 5b, and into a partial air flow, which flows laterally through the cylinder head base region.
  • the cooling air heats up on the walls of the cylinder head 1 and exits as heated air (arrows drawn in bold).
  • locking plates 11 which have a throughflow distance 12 to the side of the next barrier and on the cylinder head base side, as a result of which the amount of cooling air is throttled and also flows around the cylinder head 1 completely on the exhaust air side 17 for a good cooling effect.
  • the locking plate 11 has a recess 13 through which the cooling air flow coming from the channel 10 or the opposite recess 21 can exit.
  • the locking plate 11 is bent at a right angle in the area of the upper edge of the cylinder heads 1 and follows the upper contour of the cylinder heads 1 (FIG. 4).
  • the arc-shaped or S-shaped cooling air duct is limited at the top and cooling air is also guided to the cooling ribs 8c, 8d of the cylinder head base region 6 on the exhaust air side 17 below the exhaust duct 3.
  • baffles 14a, 14b are provided, which are shaped so that they replace the outer contour of the adjacent cylinder head 1 and part of the corresponding locking plate 11, so that the arc-shaped or S-shaped cooling air duct 5a, 5b largely similar to a cooling air duct 5 is retained.
  • This configuration of the cylinder heads 1 results overall in a very good cooling air flow and a very good utilization of the cooling air, so that the central area 4 can be made solid and only one bore 15 is provided at the optimal combustion point for receiving an injection nozzle of a self-igniting diesel internal combustion engine, without that the injector overheats.

Abstract

1. An air-cooled reciprocating-piston internal combustion engine including at least one row of cylinders having separate cylinder heads (1) arranged side-by-side, in which each head is provided with cooling fins (8, 8a, 8b, 8c, 8d), with eyelets (9) accommodating fastening bolts (23) and with at least one each inlet and outlet valve, in which the valve stems extend substantially parallel with the respective cylinder axis and an imaginary plane containing the axes of the valve-stem guides (20, 22) is inclined at an acute angle to the engine's longitudinal direction, in which the inlet port (2) starts on a first side (16) - which extends in the engine's longitudinal direction and which constitutes the air-supply side (16) against which the cooling air flows - substantially at the centre of the cylinder head (1), in which the outlet port (3) terminates substantially perpendicularly to a second side (17) - which constitutes the spent-air side (17) arranged opposite the air-supply side (16), and in which a sheet-metal deflector (14a and 14b respectively) is arranged on each of the outermost cylinder heads (1) of the or each row of cylinders substantially parallel with a third (18) and, respectively, a fourth (18) side of each of said cylinder heads (1), the third and fourth sides being disposed transversely to and forming connections between the air-supply side (16) and the spent-air side (17), characterised in that any two adjacent cylinder heads (1) form - by the outer contours of their respective inlet and oulet ports (2, 3) in conjunction with central regions (41) located between their respective valve-stem guides (20, 22) and with those of their respective cooling fins (8, 8a, 8b) which extend substantially transversely to the respective cylinder axes - a cooling-air channel (5) which is curved at least once and is contained in a substantially horizontal plane passing through the cylinder head's top region (7) remote from the respective cylinder, and in that, circumferentially, each cylinder head's bottom region (6) adjoining the respective cylinder is provided mainly at its spent-air side (17) and its fourth side (19) opposite the stem guide (20) of its inlet valve with the cooling fins and with the eyelets (9) for the fastening bolts.

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine luftgekühlte Hubkolbenbrennkraftmaschine gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The invention relates to an air-cooled reciprocating piston internal combustion engine according to the preamble of claim 1.

Eine gattungsgemäße luftgekühlte Hubkolbenbrennkraftmaschine mit entsprechenden Einzelzylinderköpfen ist durch die Motorenreihe 924 bis 930 der Tatra-Werke, CSSR, bekannt und in dem Fachbuch "Luftgekühlte Fahrzeugmotoren von J. Mackerle, Frank'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Stuttgart, 1964" auf den Seiten 171 bis 173 und 524 bis 528 abgebildet und beschrieben. Die Zylinderköpfe und die Kühlrippen sind so ausgebildet, daß jeder Zylinderkopf für sich eine Kühleinheit bildet und im wesentlichen geradlinig durchströmt ist. Der einzelne Zylinderkopf bildet dabei, wie auch die seitlichen Leitbleche, lediglich eine Begrenzung für den Luftstrom zum anderen Zylinderkopf. Eine solche Hubkolbenbrennkraftmaschine bzw. ein solcher Zylinderkopf ist nur für begrenzte Leistungen geeignet, da insbesondere der Bereich des Auslaßkanals und die zwischenA generic air-cooled reciprocating internal combustion engine with corresponding single cylinder heads is known from the engine series 924 to 930 of the Tatra-Werke, CSSR, and in the specialist book "Air-cooled vehicle engines by J. Mackerle, Frank'sche Verlagbuchhandlung, Stuttgart, 1964" on pages 171 to 173 and 524 to 528 shown and described. The cylinder heads and the cooling fins are designed in such a way that each cylinder head forms a cooling unit and is flowed through in a substantially straight line. The individual cylinder head, like the side baffles, is only a limitation for the air flow to the other cylinder head. Such a reciprocating piston internal combustion engine or such a cylinder head is only suitable for limited outputs, since in particular the area of the exhaust port and the area between

Auslaßkanal und Zylinderrohr liegenden Bereiche nicht hinreichend gekühlt werden können. Dies auch deshalb, weil die Butzen für die Befestigungsschrauben des Zylinderkopfes am Kurbelgehäuse bis zur Oberkante des Zylinderkopfes geführt sind.Exhaust duct and cylinder tube lying areas can not be adequately cooled. This is also because the slugs for the fastening screws of the cylinder head on the crankcase are led to the upper edge of the cylinder head.

Aus der FR-A-2 223 561 ist der Einzelzylinderkopf einer luftgekühlten Hubkolbenbrennkraftmaschine bekannt, bei dem die Kühlluft durch in jeden Zylinderkopf separat eingearbeitete Kühlluftkanäle zur Abluftseite geführt wird. Ein Zusammenwirken bezüglich der Kühlluftführung mit benachbarten Zylinderköpfen wird durch fast vollständig geschlossene und einstückig mit dem Zylinderkopf gefertigte Kühlkanalaußenwände verhindert.From FR-A-2 223 561 the single cylinder head of an air-cooled reciprocating piston internal combustion engine is known, in which the cooling air is led to the exhaust air side through cooling air ducts which are separately worked into each cylinder head. Interaction with regard to the routing of cooling air with adjacent cylinder heads is prevented by the cooling channel outer walls being almost completely closed and made in one piece with the cylinder head.

Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, eine gattungsgemäße luftgekühlte Hubkolbenbrennkraftmaschine bzw. deren Zylinderköpfe und deren Kühlung so zu verbessern, daß höhere Leistungen erreicht werden können, wobei eine hohe Festigkeit des Zylinderkopfes gewährleistet sein soll, und insbesondere eine gute Kühlluftführung mit guter Kühlung der heißesten Stellen des Zylinderkopfes erzielt werden soll.The object of the present invention is to improve a generic air-cooled reciprocating piston internal combustion engine or its cylinder heads and their cooling in such a way that higher outputs can be achieved, high strength of the cylinder head should be ensured, and in particular good cooling air guidance with good cooling of the hottest points of the cylinder head is to be achieved.

Gelöst wird die Aufgabe erfindungsgemäß dadurch, daß benachbarte Zylinderköpfe mittels der Außenkonturen der Gaswechselkanäle in Verbindung mit zwischen den Ventilschaftführungen angeordneten Zentralbereichen und mit im wesentlichen quer zur Zylinderachse ausgerichteten Kühlrippen einen zumindest einbogenförmigen Kühlluftkanal in einem dem Zylinder abgewandten Zylinderkopfdeckbereich in einer im wesentlichen horizontalen Ebene bilden und daß der zylinderseitige Zylinderkopfbodenabschnitt umfangsmäßig im wesentlichen auf der Abluftseite und auf der der Einlaßventilschaftführung gegenüberliegenden vierten Seite mit Kühlrippen versehen ist und die Butzen für die Befestigungsschrauben aufweist.The object is achieved in that adjacent cylinder heads by means of the outer contours of the gas exchange channels in connection with central areas arranged between the valve stem guides and with cooling ribs oriented essentially transversely to the cylinder axis form an at least arc-shaped cooling air channel in a cylinder head cover area facing away from the cylinder in a substantially horizontal plane and that the cylinder-side cylinder head base section is provided circumferentially on the exhaust air side and on the fourth side opposite the inlet valve stem guide with cooling fins and has the slugs for the fastening screws.

Der erfindungsgemäße Zylinderkopf ist einstückig ausgebildet, kann aber in einem dem Zylinder abgewandten Zylinderkopfdeckbereich und in einen Zylinderkopfbodenbereich unterteilt werden. Der Zylinderkopfbodenbereich ist so dick ausgebildet, daß eine genügende Festigkeit erzielt wird und eine stabile sowie gleichmäßige Abdichtung zum Zylinderrohr erreicht wird. Im Bereich des Übergangs vom Zylinderkopfbodenbereich zum Zylinderkopfdeckbereich enden auch die Butzen für die Befestigungsschrauben des Zylinderkopfes, so daß der darüberliegende dem Zylinder abgewandte Zylinderkopfschnitt ausschließlich durch die Gaswechselkanäle und Kühlrippen sowie einen Zentralbereich bestimmt wird. Die durch die Ventilschaftführungen führende Ebene ist vorzugsweise um 30° zur Längsrichtung der Brennkraftmaschine verdreht. Dadurch, daß der in etwa hakenförmig gekrümmte Einlaßkanal vom Ventil zur Mitte der Zuluftseite des Zylinderkopfes reicht und der Auslaßkanal im wesentlichen rechtwinklig zur Abluftseite auf dem kürzesten Wege zu dieser geführt ist, ergibt sich - blickt man von oben auf zwei Zylinderköpfe - ein bogen- bzw. S-förmiger Kühlluftkanal. In diesem Kühlluftkanal wird die Kühlluft mehrmals umgelenkt und bewirkt daher eine sehr gute Wärmeabführung. Weiterhin ist dieser Kühlkanal, der je nach Größe der Kühlrippen in mehrere bogen- bzw. S-förmige Abschnitte unterteilt sein kann, sehr groß ausgebildet, da keine Butzen für die Befestigungsschrauben stören. Gemäß den Patentansprüchen 2 und 3 kühlt im Bereich des Auslaßventils bzw. des Auslaßkanals auch im Zylinderkopfbodenbereich ein Kühlluftstrom; der aus einem geradlinig über einen Kanal und eine Einbuchtung herangeführten Teilluftstrom und einem Teilluftstrom über spitzwinklig angeordnete Schräg-Rippen im Zylinderkopfbodenbereich besteht. Der Teilluftstrom über die Schräg-Rippen wird dabei vom Hauptluftstrom abgezweigt.The cylinder head according to the invention is formed in one piece, but can be divided into a cylinder head cover area facing away from the cylinder and into a cylinder head bottom area. The cylinder head base area is so thick that sufficient strength is achieved and a stable and even seal to the cylinder tube is achieved. In the area of the transition from the cylinder head floor area to the cylinder head deck area, the slugs for the fastening screws of the cylinder head also end, so that the cylinder head cut above it, which faces away from the cylinder, is determined exclusively by the gas exchange channels and cooling fins and a central area. The plane leading through the valve stem guides is preferably rotated by 30 ° to the longitudinal direction of the internal combustion engine. Characterized in that the approximately hook-shaped curved inlet duct extends from the valve to the center of the supply air side of the cylinder head and the outlet duct is guided essentially at right angles to the exhaust air side in the shortest way to this, resulting in - if you look at two cylinder heads from above - an arc or S-shaped cooling air duct. The cooling air is deflected several times in this cooling air duct and therefore brings about very good heat dissipation. Furthermore, this cooling channel, which, depending on the size of the cooling fins, can be divided into a plurality of curved or S-shaped sections, is very large, since there are no slugs for the fastening screws. According to claims 2 and 3, a cooling air stream cools in the area of the exhaust valve and the exhaust port, also in the area of the cylinder head; which consists of a partial flow of air coming in a straight line via a duct and an indentation and a partial air flow via oblique ribs arranged at an acute angle in the cylinder head base area. The partial air flow via the inclined ribs is branched off from the main air flow.

Durch die Anordnung weiterer V-Rippen und Parallel-Rippen im Zylinderkopfbodenbereich auf der Abluftseite gemäß Patentanspruch 4 und Anordnung von Sperrblechen auf der Abluftseite gemäß Anspruch 8 wird erreicht, daß die Teile des bogen- bzw. S-förmigen Hauptkühlluftstromes auch zu der Abluftseite in den Bereich unterhalb des Auslaßkanals zum Zylinderkopfbodenbereich geführt werden. Zu diesem Zweck ist auch die Außenkontur des dem Zylinder abgewandten Zylinderkopfdeckbereichs gegenüber den Kühlrippen unterhalb des Auslaßkanals zurückgenommen, so daß ein hinreichend großer Luftstrom zu diesen Rippen gelangen kann. Dazu trägt auch die Verlängerung und Abbiegung der Sperrbleche entlang der Oberkante der Zylinderköpfe gemäß Anspruch 9 bei, sowie die Ausgestaltungen der Sperrbleche auf der Abluftseite und durch Wahl eines geeigneten Durchströmabstandes zur Auslaßkanalkontur, zum nächsten Sperrblech und zu dem Zylinderkopfboden sichergestellen, daß die Kühlluft bis zum Verlassen der Zylinderköpfe exakt und dosiert geführt wird. Zu diesem Zweck weisen auch die Sperrbleche im Bereich des Zylinderkopfbodenbereichs zwischen zwei benachbarten Zylinderkopfböden Ausnehmungen auf, durch die der durch die Rinne und die Einbuchtung geführte Luftstrom austreten kann.The arrangement of further V-ribs and parallel ribs in the cylinder head base area on the exhaust air side according to claim 4 and arrangement of locking plates on the exhaust air side according to claim 8 ensures that the parts of the arc-shaped or S-shaped main cooling air flow also to the exhaust air side in the Area below the exhaust port to the cylinder head floor area. For this purpose, the outer contour of the cylinder head cover area facing away from the cylinder is also reduced compared to the cooling fins below the exhaust port, so that a sufficiently large air flow can reach these fins. The extension and bending of the locking plates along the upper edge of the cylinder heads also contribute to this, as well as the configurations of the locking plates on the exhaust side and by choosing one suitable flow distance to the outlet duct contour, to the next locking plate and to the cylinder head base, ensure that the cooling air is guided precisely and in a metered manner until it leaves the cylinder heads. For this purpose, the locking plates in the area of the cylinder head floor area between two adjacent cylinder head floors have recesses through which the air flow guided through the channel and the indentation can escape.

Versuche haben gezeigt, daß der Zentralbereich zwischen den Gaswechselkanalen einstückig massiv ohne Unterbrechung mit dem Zylinderkopf hergestellt werden kann und daß die dort angeordnete Einspritzdüse durch die erfindungsgemäße Ausgestaltung des Zylinderkopfes hinreichend gekühlt ist. Falls bei besonderen Anforderungen der Zentralbereich zusätzlich gekühlt werden muß, ist es erfindungsgemäß vorgesehen, auch dort Kühlrippen oder Kanäle für Kühlmittel vorzusehen. So könnte beispielweise ein Einschnitt zwischen Auslaßkanal und Zentralbereich oder Zentralbereich und Einlaßkanal vorgesehen sein.Tests have shown that the central area between the gas exchange channels can be produced in one piece, solidly and without interruption with the cylinder head, and that the injection nozzle arranged there is adequately cooled by the inventive design of the cylinder head. If the central area also has to be cooled in the event of special requirements, the invention provides for cooling fins or channels for coolant to be provided there as well. For example, an incision could be provided between the outlet duct and the central region or the central region and the inlet duct.

Da der Hauptkühlluftkanal zwischen den Zylinderköpfen bogen- bzw. S-förmig ausgeführt ist, wird gemäß Patentanspruch 12 vorgeschlagen, da auch die seitlichen Leitbleche Ausweitungen haben, die der Führung durch je einen weiteren Zylinderkopf entsprechen. Sie sind weiterhin in vorteilhafter Weise mit dem entsprechenden Teil des Sperrbleches einstückig verbunden.Since the main cooling air duct between the cylinder heads is arched or S-shaped, it is proposed according to claim 12, since the lateral guide plates also have extensions which correspond to the guidance through a further cylinder head. They are also advantageously integrally connected to the corresponding part of the locking plate.

Weitere erfindungsgemäße Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der Zeichnungsbeschreibung, in der ein in den Figuren dargestelltes Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung beschrieben ist. Es zeigen:

  • Fig. 1 eine Seitenansicht eines luftgekühlten Zylinderkopfes gemäß der Erfindung,
  • Fig. 2 eine Ansicht auf die Abluftseite mit Sicht auf den Flansch des Auslaßkanals eines Zylinderkopfes gemäß Fig. 1,
  • Fig. 3 einen Schnitt durch zwei benachbarte Zylinderköpfe sowie daran anschließende seitliche Leitbleche und Sperrbleche in Höhe der Linie 111-111 in Fig. 5 mit eingezeichneten Strömungspfeilen für Kühlluft,
  • Fig. 4 eine Seitenansicht des Zylinderkopfes gemäß Fig. 1 mit Schnitt durch ein angebautes Sperrblech auf der Abluftseite und sowie mit Strömungspfeilen für Kuhlluft und
  • Fig. 5 eine Ansicht mehrerer Zylinderköpfe gemäß Fig. 2 mit teilweise angebauten Sperrblechen auf der Abluftseite.
Further embodiments of the invention according to the invention result from the description of the drawing, in which an embodiment of the invention shown in the figures is described. Show it:
  • 1 is a side view of an air-cooled cylinder head according to the invention,
  • 2 is a view of the exhaust side with a view of the flange of the exhaust port of a cylinder head according to FIG. 1,
  • 3 shows a section through two adjacent cylinder heads and adjoining lateral guide plates and locking plates at the level of line 111-111 in FIG. 5 with flow arrows for cooling air drawn in,
  • Fig. 4 is a side view of the cylinder head of FIG. 1 with a section through an attached locking plate on the exhaust side and with flow arrows for cooling air and
  • Fig. 5 is a view of several cylinder heads according to FIG. 2 with partially attached locking plates on the exhaust side.

In den Figuren ist mit 1 allgemein ein Einzelzylinderkopf einer luftgekühlten Hubkolbenbrennkraftmaschine bezeichnet, der in seiner Außenform im wesentlichen würfelförmig ausgebildet ist und jeweils einen Einlaßkanal 2 und einen Auslaßkanal 3 aufweist, die sich zu der Zuluftseite 16 und der gegenüberliegenden Abluftseite 17 des Zylinderkopfes 1 erstrecken. Der Einlaßkanal 2 und der Auslaßkanal 3 werden von nicht dargestellten Einlaßventilen beherrscht, die die Gaswechsel 2, 3 an ihren zylinderkopfbodenseitigen Enden begrenzen. Die Zylinderköpfe 1 werden, wie in den Fig. 1, 3 und 4 skizziert, von Kühlluft angeströmt, die auf der Zuluftseite 16 zugeführt wird und die Zylinderköpfe 1 auf der Abluftseite 17 verläßt.In the figures, 1 generally designates a single cylinder head of an air-cooled reciprocating internal combustion engine, the outer shape of which is essentially cube-shaped and each has an inlet duct 2 and an outlet duct 3, which extend to the supply air side 16 and the opposite exhaust air side 17 of the cylinder head 1. The intake port 2 and the exhaust port 3 are controlled by intake valves, not shown, which limit the gas changes 2, 3 at their ends on the cylinder head bottom side. As outlined in FIGS. 1, 3 and 4, cooling air flows towards the cylinder heads 1, which is supplied on the supply air side 16 and leaves the cylinder heads 1 on the exhaust air side 17.

Wie insbesondere aus Fig. 3 ersichtlich ist, ist die durch die Achsen der Ventilschaftführungen 20, 22 verlaufende Ebene in einem Winkel von 30° zur Brennkraftmaschinenlängsrichtung verdreht angeordnet. Der Einlaßkanal 2 beginnt mittig der Zuluftseite 16 und geht zum Einlaßventil hin in einen Drallkanal über. Der Auslaßkanal 3 mündet - auf dem kürzesten Wege vom Auslaßkanal nach außen geführt - senkrecht auf der Abluftseite 17 des Zylinderkopfes 1. Zwischen dem Einlaßkanal 2 und Auslaßkanal 3 ist ein Zentralbereich 4 vorgesehen, der im Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung massiv und einstückig mit dem Zylinderkopf hergestellt ist. Durch diese Ausgestaltung des Zylinderkopfes 1 entsteht in Verbindung mit dem jeweils benachbarten Zylinderkopf 1 ein bogen- bzw. S-förmiger Kühlluftkanal 5, in dem die Kühlluft mehrfach umgelenkt wird und daher optimal Wärme abführt. Der Zylinderkopf 1 weist, wie insbesondere aus den Fig. 1, 2 und 4 ersichtlich ist, einen Zylinderkopfbodenbereich 6 sowie einen Zylinderkopfdeckbereich 7 auf. Der Zylinderkopfdeckbereich 7 weist Kühlrippen 8 auf, die senkrecht zur Zylinderachse ausgerichtet sind und im wesentlichen von den Ein- und Auslaßkanälen 2, 3 bzw. von dem Zentralbreich 4 bis zu den Außenseiten 16, 17, 18, 19 reichen. Der Zylinderkopfbodenbereich 6 weist an seinen Ecken Butzen 9 für Befestigungsschrauben 23 auf (Fig. 5). Der Zylinderkopfbodenbereich 6 weist auf der dem Einlaßkanal 2 gegenüberliegenden Seite 19 Schräg-Rippen 8a auf (Fig. 1, 4), die in einem spitzen Winkel zur Zylinderachse ausgerichtet sind. Unterhalb von diesen Schräg-Rippen 8a ist, wie auch aus Fig. 2 ersichtlich ist, eine Rinne 10 vorgesehen, die sich von der Zuluftseite 16 bis zu der Abluftseite 17 erstreckt. In der Rinne 10 sind von der Zuluftseite 16 bis zu den Schräg-Rippen 8a Längs-Rippen 8b angeordnet. Die Rinne 10 ist im Anschluß an die Schräg-Rippen 8a bzw.die Längs-Rippen 8b erweitert, so daß die hier vereinten Teilluftströme (Fig. 4) ungehindet abströmen können. Je nach gewünschter Größe der Kühlluftströme durch die seitlichen Rippen des Deckplattenabschnittes kann der benachbarte Zylinderkopf 1 auf der benachbarten Seite eine angepaßte Einbuchtung 21 aufweisen.As can be seen in particular from FIG. 3, the plane running through the axes of the valve stem guides 20, 22 is rotated at an angle of 30 ° to the longitudinal direction of the internal combustion engine. The inlet duct 2 begins in the middle of the supply air side 16 and merges with the inlet valve into a swirl duct. The exhaust duct 3 opens out - by the shortest route from the exhaust duct to the outside - vertically on the exhaust side 17 of the cylinder head 1. Between the intake duct 2 and the exhaust duct 3, a central region 4 is provided, which in the exemplary embodiment of the invention is made solid and in one piece with the cylinder head . This configuration of the cylinder head 1 creates an arc-shaped or S-shaped cooling air duct 5 in connection with the respectively adjacent cylinder head 1, in which the cooling air is deflected several times and therefore optimally dissipates heat. As can be seen in particular from FIGS. 1, 2 and 4, the cylinder head 1 has a cylinder head base region 6 and a cylinder head deck region 7. The cylinder head cover area 7 has cooling fins 8 which are aligned perpendicular to the cylinder axis and essentially extend from the inlet and outlet channels 2, 3 or from the central area 4 to the outer sides 16, 17, 18, 19. At its corners, the cylinder head base region 6 has slugs 9 for fastening screws 23 (FIG. 5). The cylinder head base region 6 has, on the side opposite the inlet duct 2, 19 inclined ribs 8a (FIGS. 1, 4) which are aligned at an acute angle to the cylinder axis. Below these inclined ribs 8a, as can also be seen from FIG. 2, a channel 10 is provided, which extends from the supply air side 16 to the exhaust air side 17. Longitudinal ribs 8b are arranged in the channel 10 from the supply air side 16 to the inclined ribs 8a. The channel 10 is widened in connection with the oblique ribs 8a or the longitudinal ribs 8b, so that the partial air streams (FIG. 4) combined here can flow freely. Depending on the desired size of the cooling air flows through the lateral ribs of the cover plate section, the adjacent cylinder head 1 can have an adapted indentation 21 on the adjacent side.

Der Zylinderkopfbodenbereich 6 weist auf der Abluftseite 17 spitzwinklig zur Zylinderachse und V-förmig unter den Auslaßkanal 3 weisende V-Rippen 8c auf, an die sich parallel zur Zylinderachse ausgerichtete und bis zum Zylinderkopfboden reichende Parallel-Rippen 8d anschließen (Fig. 2, 5).The cylinder head base area 6 has on the exhaust air side 17 at an acute angle to the cylinder axis and V-shaped under the exhaust port 3 V-ribs 8c, to which parallel ribs 8d aligned parallel to the cylinder axis and reaching to the cylinder head base are connected (FIGS. 2, 5) .

Wie aus den Fig. 3 und 4 weiterhin ersichtlich ist, teilt sich die ankommende kalte Kühlluft (umrandete Pfeile) in einen Hauptluftstrom auf, der den bogen- bzw. S-förmigen Kühlluftkanal 5, 5a, 5b durchströmt, und in einen Teilluftstrom, der den Zylinderkopfbodenbereich seitlich durchströmt. Die Kühlluft erwärmt sich an den Wandungen des Zylinderkopfes 1 und tritt als erwärmte Luft aus (fett durchgezogene Pfeile). Zwischen jeweils zwei Zylinderköpfen 1 sind auf der Abluftseite 17 Sperrbleche 11 vorgesehen, die seitlich zum nächsten Sperrbiech und zylinderkopfbodenseitig einen Durchströmabstand 12 aufweisen, wodurch die Kühlluftmenge gedrosselt wird und zudem zwecks guter Kühlwirkung den Zylinderkopf 1 vollständig auch auf der Abluftseite 17 umströmt. Zwischen zwei Zylinderköpfen 1 weist das Sperrblech 11 eine Ausnehmung 13 auf, durch die der von der Rinne 10 bzw. der gegenüberliegenden Einbuchtung 21 kommende Kühlluftstrom austreten kann. Das Sperrblech 11 ist im Bereich der Oberkante der Zylinderköpfe 1 rechtwinklig umgebogen und folgt der oberen Kontur der Zylinderköpfe 1 (Fig. 4). Dadurch wird der bogen- bzw. S-förmige Kühlluftkanal nach oben begrenzt und Kühlluft auch zu den Kühlrippen 8c, 8d des Zylinderkopfbodenbereichs 6 auf der Abluftseite 17 unterhalb des Auslaßkanals 3 geführt.As can also be seen from FIGS. 3 and 4, the incoming cold cooling air divides (outlined arrows) into a main air flow, which flows through the arc-shaped or S-shaped cooling air duct 5, 5a, 5b, and into a partial air flow, which flows laterally through the cylinder head base region. The cooling air heats up on the walls of the cylinder head 1 and exits as heated air (arrows drawn in bold). Between two cylinder heads 1 on the exhaust air side 17 there are provided locking plates 11, which have a throughflow distance 12 to the side of the next barrier and on the cylinder head base side, as a result of which the amount of cooling air is throttled and also flows around the cylinder head 1 completely on the exhaust air side 17 for a good cooling effect. Between two cylinder heads 1, the locking plate 11 has a recess 13 through which the cooling air flow coming from the channel 10 or the opposite recess 21 can exit. The locking plate 11 is bent at a right angle in the area of the upper edge of the cylinder heads 1 and follows the upper contour of the cylinder heads 1 (FIG. 4). As a result, the arc-shaped or S-shaped cooling air duct is limited at the top and cooling air is also guided to the cooling ribs 8c, 8d of the cylinder head base region 6 on the exhaust air side 17 below the exhaust duct 3.

Zur seitlichen Begrenzung der Kühlluftströme am Ende je einer Zylinderreihe sind Leitbleche 14a, 14b vorgesehen, die so geformt sind, daß sie die Außenkontur des benachbarten Zylinderkopfes 1 und je einen Teil des entsprechenden Sperrblechs 11 ersetzen, damit der bogen- bzw. S-förmige Kühlluftkanal 5a, 5b weitgehend ähnlich einem Kühlluftkanal 5 erhalten bleibt.For lateral limitation of the cooling air flows at the end of each row of cylinders, baffles 14a, 14b are provided, which are shaped so that they replace the outer contour of the adjacent cylinder head 1 and part of the corresponding locking plate 11, so that the arc-shaped or S-shaped cooling air duct 5a, 5b largely similar to a cooling air duct 5 is retained.

Durch diese Ausgestaltung der Zylinderköpfe 1 ergibt sich insgesamt eine sehr gute Kühlluftführung und eine sehr gute Ausnutzung der Kühlluft, so daß der Zentralbereich 4 massiv ausgeführt werden kann und nur eine Bohrung 15 an verbrennungstechnisch optimaler Stelle zur Aufnahme eine Einspritzdüse einer selbstzündenden Dieselbrennkraftmaschine vorgesehen ist, ohne daß Überhitzungen der Einspritzdüse auftreten.This configuration of the cylinder heads 1 results overall in a very good cooling air flow and a very good utilization of the cooling air, so that the central area 4 can be made solid and only one bore 15 is provided at the optimal combustion point for receiving an injection nozzle of a self-igniting diesel internal combustion engine, without that the injector overheats.

Claims (13)

1. An air-cooled reciprocating-piston internal combustion engine including at least one row of cylinders having separate cylinder heads (1) arranged side-by-side, in which each head is provided with cooling fins (8, 8a, 8b, 8c, 8d), with eyelets (9) accommodating fastening bolts (23) and with at least one each inlet and outlet valve, in which the valve stems extend substantially parallel with the respective cylinder axis and an imaginary plane containing the axes of the valve-stem guides (20, 22) is inclined at an acute angle to the engine's longitudinal direction, in which the inlet port (2) starts on a first side (16) - which extends in the engine's longitudinal direction and which constitutes the air-supply side (16) against which the cooling air flows - substantially at the centre of the cylinder head (1), in which the outlet port (3) terminates substantially perpendicularly to a second side (17) - which constitutes the spent-air side (17) arranged opposite the air-supply side (16), and in which a sheet-metal deflector (14a and 14b respectively) is arranged on each of the outermost cylinder heads (1) of the or each row of cylinders substantially parallel with a third (18) and, respectively, a fourth (18) side of each of said cylinder heads (1), the third and fourth sides being disposed transversely to and forming connections between the air-supply side (16) and the spent-air side (17),
characterised in that any two adjacent cylinder heads (1) form - by the outer contours of their respective inlet and outlet ports (2, 3) in conjunction with central regions (41 located between their respective valve-stem guides (20, 22) and with those of their respective cooling fins (8, 8a, 8b) which extend substantially transversely to the respective cylinder axes - a cooling-air channel (5) which is curved at least once and is contained in a substantially horizontal plane passing through the cylinder head's top region (7) remote from the respective cylinder, and in that, circumferentially, each cylinder head's bottom region (6) adjoining the respective cylinder is provided mainly at its spent-air side (17) and its fourth side (19) opposite the stem guide (20) of its inlet valve with the cooling fins and with the eyelets (9) for the fastening bolts.
2. An air-cooled reciprocating-piston internal combustion engine according to claim 1,
characterised in that slopingly-extending cooling fins (8a) are arranged in each cylinder head's (1) intermediate region on its fourth side (19) opposite the stem guide (20) of its inlet valve and are inclined at an acute angle to the respective cylinder axis in such a manner that the cooling air is ducted to the head's bottom region (6), that a groove (10) runs below the level of the sloping cooling fins (8a) from the air-supply side (16) to the spent-air side (17), that longitudinally- extending fins (8b) are arranged in the groove's (10) section between the air-supply side (16) and the sloping fins (8a), and that the cooling air flowing therethrough is combinable in the groove's section adjoining the spent-air side with the cooling air diverted by the sloping fins (8a).
3. An air-cooling reciprocating-piston internal combustion engine according to claim 1 or claim 2,
characterised in that the bottom region (6) of the cylinder head (1) is provided at its third side (18) adjacent its inlet valve-stem guide (20) with an indentation (21) dimensionally adapted to the groove (10), the longitudinal fins (8b) arranged in the groove (10) and to the sloping fins (8a).
4. An air-cooled reciprocating-piston internal combustion engine according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
characterised in that V-shaped fins (8c) inclined at an acute angle to the cylinder axis and pointing V-like in a direction underneath the outlet port (3) are arranged on the spent-air side (17), that the V-shaped fins are followed by parallel fins (8d) extending parallel with each other and with the cylinder axis substantially to the cylinder-head bottom (6), and that the V-shaped fins (8c) and the parallel fins (8d) jut out further than the cooling fins (8) of the head's top region (7).
5. An air-cooled reciprocating-piston internal combustion engine according to any one of claims 1 to 4,
characterised in that the central region (4) is a solid one having no cooling means.
6. An air-cooled reciprocating-piston internal combustion engine according to any one of claims 1 to 4,
characterised in that the central region (4) is provided with cooling means.
7. An air-cooled reciprocating-piston internal combustion engine according to any one of claims 1 to 6,
characterised in that the central region (4) is provided with a bore (15) located between the valve-stem guides (20, 22) and serving to accommodate an injection nozzle of an autoignition diesel engine.
8. An air-cooled reciprocating-piston internal combustion engine according to any one of claims 1 to 7,
characterised in that the spent-air side (17) is provided with sheet-metal baffles (11) which terminte the cooling-air channels (5, 5a, 5b) and each of which is arranged at a through-flow distance (12) from the outlet-port terminal (3) from the adjacent baffle (11) and from the cylinder head's bottom (6) and is provided with a recess (13) disposed between the adjacent cylinder heads in the region of the groove (10) and the indentation (21).
9. An air-cooled reciprocating-piston internal combustion according to claim 8,
characterised in that the baffles (11) in the cylinder head's top region are bent and cover at least a part of the cylinder head (1) and of the curved cooling-air channels (5, 5a, 5b).
10. An air-cooled reciprocating-piston internal combustion engine according to claim 9,
characterised in that the cylinder heads (1) are covered at their tops by a spoiler which masks the curved cooling-air channels (5, 5a, 5b) and overlaps several cylinder heads (1).
11. An air-cooled reciprocating-piston internal combustion engine according to claim 10,
characterised in that the spoiler is the base portion of a casing housing valve-acuating components.
12. An air-cooled reciprocating-piston internal combustion engine according to any one of claims 1 to 11,
characterised in that the shape of the lateral deflectors (14a, 14b) on each of the outermost cylinder heads (1) of the or each row of cylinders is, in the direction along which the cooling air flows, such that the cooling-air channels (5a, 5b) are formed and substantially correspond to the channel (5) between any two adjacent cylinder heads (1), in that the one deflector (14a) adjacent the inlet valve-stem guide (20) is bulged in the region of the inlet valve stem (20) while the oppositely arranged deflector (14b) is bulged in the region of the outlet port (3), and in that the baffles (11) are joined to the deflectors (14a and 14b respectively).
13. An air-cooled reciprocating-piston internal combustion engine according to any of the preceding claims,
characterised in that the baffles (11) and the deflectors (14a, 14b) in the region of the spent-air side (17) are angularly bent in the direction of the cylinder heads' tops.
EP84102773A 1983-04-22 1984-03-14 Cylinder head for an air-cooled internal-combustion piston engine Expired EP0123101B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT84102773T ATE31105T1 (en) 1983-04-22 1984-03-14 CYLINDER HEAD FOR AN AIR-COOLED RECIPROCATING ENGINE.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3314720 1983-04-22
DE19833314720 DE3314720A1 (en) 1983-04-22 1983-04-22 CYLINDER HEAD FOR AN AIR COOLED PISTON COMBUSTION ENGINE

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0123101A2 EP0123101A2 (en) 1984-10-31
EP0123101A3 EP0123101A3 (en) 1985-11-13
EP0123101B1 true EP0123101B1 (en) 1987-11-25

Family

ID=6197143

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP84102773A Expired EP0123101B1 (en) 1983-04-22 1984-03-14 Cylinder head for an air-cooled internal-combustion piston engine

Country Status (5)

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EP (1) EP0123101B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS59206652A (en)
AT (1) ATE31105T1 (en)
CA (1) CA1232501A (en)
DE (2) DE3314720A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS62197658A (en) * 1986-02-24 1987-09-01 Yanmar Diesel Engine Co Ltd Cylinder head cooling device for internal combustion engine
DE10239534A1 (en) * 2002-08-23 2004-04-22 Man Turbomaschinen Ag Hot gas leading gas manifold
CN102400811B (en) * 2011-12-19 2013-03-20 力帆实业(集团)股份有限公司 Air cylinder head for three-air-valve engine

Family Cites Families (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE544548A (en) *
DE862690C (en) * 1943-10-19 1953-01-12 Kloeckner Humboldt Deutz Ag Cooling air duct on the cylinder head of air-cooled internal combustion engines with an adjoining room
DE970978C (en) * 1952-04-13 1958-11-20 Kloeckner Humboldt Deutz Ag Air-cooled cylinder head for internal combustion engines
AT185623B (en) * 1953-06-12 1956-05-25 Motoren Werke Mannheim Ag Cylinder head for fan-air-cooled, valve-controlled internal combustion engines
CH343708A (en) * 1957-05-23 1959-12-31 Lister & Co Ltd R A Internal combustion engine and compression ignition
DE1119600B (en) * 1958-11-15 1961-12-14 Linde S Eismaschinen Ag Zweign Air-cooled cylinder head for internal combustion engines
DE1187425B (en) * 1959-10-10 1965-02-18 Motoren Werke Mannheim Ag Cylinder head for air-cooled injection internal combustion engines
CS163067B1 (en) * 1973-03-28 1975-07-31
DE2523077A1 (en) * 1975-05-24 1976-12-02 Kloeckner Humboldt Deutz Ag Cylinder head for air cooled in-line engine - has air flow parallel to port ducts whose flange gaskets extend to guide air flow
AT365743B (en) * 1977-06-07 1982-02-10 List Hans CYLINDER HEAD FOR AN AIR COOLED INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3314720A1 (en) 1984-10-25
JPS59206652A (en) 1984-11-22
EP0123101A3 (en) 1985-11-13
CA1232501A (en) 1988-02-09
ATE31105T1 (en) 1987-12-15
EP0123101A2 (en) 1984-10-31
DE3467793D1 (en) 1988-01-07

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