CA1232501A - Cylinder head for an air cooled reciprocating piston internal combustion engine - Google Patents
Cylinder head for an air cooled reciprocating piston internal combustion engineInfo
- Publication number
- CA1232501A CA1232501A CA000452380A CA452380A CA1232501A CA 1232501 A CA1232501 A CA 1232501A CA 000452380 A CA000452380 A CA 000452380A CA 452380 A CA452380 A CA 452380A CA 1232501 A CA1232501 A CA 1232501A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- cylinder
- ribs
- cylinder head
- improvement
- cooling
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
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Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02F1/00—Cylinders; Cylinder heads
- F02F1/24—Cylinder heads
- F02F1/26—Cylinder heads having cooling means
- F02F1/28—Cylinder heads having cooling means for air cooling
- F02F1/30—Finned cylinder heads
- F02F1/32—Finned cylinder heads the cylinder heads being of overhead valve type
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Cylinder Crankcases Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
A cylinder head for an air cooled, reciprocating piston, internal combustion engine, the head being designed as a cube-shaped single cylinder head and comprising inlet and exhaust valves with stems, the plane passing therethrough lying at an acute angle to the longitudinal axis of the engine. The external contours of the gas exchange ducts of the engine, and a central area arranged between the ducts, form, in the cylinder head section facing away from the cylinder, an arcuate or S-shaped cooling air duct when positioned adjacent a further cooperatively arranged cylinder head.
A cylinder head for an air cooled, reciprocating piston, internal combustion engine, the head being designed as a cube-shaped single cylinder head and comprising inlet and exhaust valves with stems, the plane passing therethrough lying at an acute angle to the longitudinal axis of the engine. The external contours of the gas exchange ducts of the engine, and a central area arranged between the ducts, form, in the cylinder head section facing away from the cylinder, an arcuate or S-shaped cooling air duct when positioned adjacent a further cooperatively arranged cylinder head.
Description
:~3~
The present inven-tion relates to improvements in an air cooled, reciprocating piston, internal combustion engine having at least one row of cylinders and individual cylinder heads arranged side by side, the cylinder heads being substantially cube-shaped exteriorly and provided with means such as bosses, for accommoda-ting a-ttachment bolts.
The cylinder heads each having at least one inlet valve and one exhaust valve, the valve stems of which extend sub-stantially parallel to the axes of the cylinders, and situtated such that the plane passing through the valve stems lies at an acute angle to the longitudinal direction of the internal combustion engine, the cylinder heads each including an intake duct, located on a side thereof swept by the cooling sir, the intake duct having its opening located approximately centrally of the cylinder head, the cylinder heads each including an exhaust duct extending substantially perpendicularly to the exhaust air or exit side, and a lateral deflector being provided adjacent the last or end cylinder head in each row.
An air cooled, reciprocating piston, internal com-bustion engine of this type, having corresponding single cylinder heads, is known from commercial engine series 924 to 930 of the Tatra-Werke, Czechoslovakia, it being illustrated and described in the technical publication entitled, "Air Cooled Automobile Engines", by J. Mackerle, ~rank'sche ~erlagsbuchhandlung, Stuttgart, 1964, reference pages 171 to 173 and 524 to 528. The design of the cylinder heads and cooling ribs is such that each cylinder head constitutes a coo]ing unit per se through which air flows in substantially straight lines. Thus one cylinder head, and its associa-ted lateral deflectors, forms merely a restriction for the flow of air to the o-ther cylinder head. A reciprocating piston internal combustion engine, and a cyl.inder head, of this latter -1- :~
kind are suitable only for limited ou-tputs, since the area of the exhaust ducts, in particular, and the areas between the exhaust duct and -the cy:linder barrel, cannot be adequately cooled. This is also due to the fact that the bosses for the cylinder head attachment bol-ts extend, in the crankcase, to the upper edge of the cylinder head.
It is -therefore a main purpose of the present in-vention to improve the air cooled reciprocating piston in-ternal combustion engine in question, and the cylinder heads and cooling thereof, in such a manner that higher outputs can be aehieved, that the high strength of the cylinder head is retained, that satisfactory guidance of the cooling air and satisfactory cooling of hot spots is achieved, and that production costs are favourable.
The aforementioned aim is aehieved in that, with the aid of the external contours of the gas exchange ducts, in eonjunetion with the eentral areas arranged between the res-pective valve stems, and the cooling ribs extendiny at right angles to the axis of the cylinder, the adjacently arranged cylinder heads form one or more - depending upon the size of the cooling ribs - arcuate or S-shaped cooling air ducts in the cylinder head section facing away from the cylinder, and in that the cover plate section - facing the cylinder - of the cylinder head is provided with cooling ribs at the periphery, substantially on the exhaust air side and on the side facing the inlet valve s-tem, and comprises bosses for accor~nodating at-tachment bolts. Although the cylinder head according -to the present invention is in one piece, it may be divided into a cylinder head section ("fin section'l) facing away from the cylinder and a cover plate section ("deck section").
The cover plate section is made thick enough to achieve adequate strer)gth and to ensure overall, stable, uniform sealing to the ~3;~
cylinder barrel. The bosses for the cylinder head attachment bolts also terminate at the cover plate section, so that the cylinder head section thereabove, racing away from the cylinder, is defined by the gas-exchange ducts, the cooling ribs, and a central area. The plane passing through -the valve stems lies preferably at an acute angle of 30 in relation to the longitudinal axis of the internal combustion engine.
Since the inlet duct, curved in the form of a hook, extends from the valve to the centre of the cylinder head, and the exhaust duct runs by the shortest path thereto, substantially at right angles Jo -the exhaust air side, such produces an arcuate or S-shaped cooling air duct - when two assembled cylinder heads are viewed from above. Within this created cooling air duct, the cooling air is repeatedly deflected, thus achieving very good heat transfer. Furthermore, this cooling duct, which, depending upon the size of the cooling ribs, may be divided into a plurality of arcuate or S-shaped sections, is very large since it is not obstructed by the bosses for the attachment bolts. According to some embodiments in accordance with the invention, there is provided a flow of cooling air in the vicinity of the exhaust valve or exhaust duct in the cover plate section also, said flow comprising a partial flow of air arriving linearly and a partial flow of air passing over ribs obliquely arranged namely ones positioned at an acute angle to -the cylinder axis, in the cover pla-te sectionO
The partial flow of air passing over the obliquely arranged ribs is branched off the main flow of air, By arranging additional V-shaped ribs and parallel ribs in the cover plate section on the exhaust air side, according to a further embodiment, and by arranging fairings on the exhaust air side, according to a still further embodi-ment, parts of the arcuate or S-shaped main cooling air flow ~23~
are also guided on the exhaust air side, in the area below the exhaust duct, to the cover plate section. To this end, the external contour of the cylinder head section facing away from the cylinder is also recessed in relation to the cooling ribs below the exhaust duct, thus allowing an adequately large flow of air to reach these ribs. This is also assisted by the extension and bending of the fairings along the upper edges of the cylinder heads, according to a further embodiment, and by the configurations shown in the drawings. Bending the fairings on the exhaust air side and selecting suitable flow though spacing to the exhaust duct contour, to the next fairing, and to the edges ox the cylinder heads facing the cylinders, ensures that the cooling air is accurately guided and metered until it leaves the cylinder heads. To this end, the fairings also comprise recesses in the area of the cover plate section between two cylinder heads. The air guided between the cover plate sections can thus emerge th Lo ugh these recesses.
Tests have shown that the central area between the gas exchange ducts may be made integral with the cylinder head, i.e., solid and without interruption, and that the injection nozzle located in this area is adequately cooled. Due to the satisfactory cooling provided, no fur-ther cooling is necessary.
If, contrary to expectations, this central area should need additional cooling, it is quite possible to provide cooling ribs or coolant ducts. If desired, it is possible to provide a recess between the exhaust duct and the central area, or between the central area and the inlet duct.
Since the main cooling air duct between the cylinder heads is arcuate or S-shaped, it is offered, according to one embodiment, that the lateral deflectors shawl have expansions corresponding to the guidance through each additional cylinder 1~3~
head. They are also advantageously connected, in one piece, with the correspondi.ng part of the fairing.
In one aspect of the present invention there is provided in an air cooled, reciprocating piston, internal Gombustion engine having at least one row of cylinders comprising individual cylinder heads arranged side-by-side, the cylinder heads being provided with cooling ribs extending substantially normal to the axes of the cylinders, the cylinder heads including means for accommodating attachment bolts, the cylinder heads each having at least one inlet valve and one exhaust valve, the valve stems of which extend sub-stantially parallel to the axes of the cylinders and situated such that the plane passing through said valve stems lies at an acute angle to the longitudinal axis of the internal combustion engine, the cylinder heads each in.cluding an intake duct located on a side thereof swept by cooling air, the intake duct 'naving its opening located approximately centrally of the cylinder head, the cylinder heads each including an exhaust duct extending substantially perpendicularly to the exhaust air side, and a lateral deflector being provided adjacent the end cylinder head in each row, the improvement comprising with the aid of external contours of the ducts, in conjunction with central areas arranged between the respective valve stems and the cooling ribs, the adjacently arranged cylinder heads from one or more arcuate or S-shaped cooling air ducts in a section of the cylinder head facing away from the individual cylinder, and in that an enclosed cover plate section facing the cylind~ of the individual cylinder head is provided with cooling ribs at the cylinder head periphery, substantially on the exhaust air side thereof, and the side thereof facing the inlet valve stem, and com-. I- 5 -2S~
comprises boss means for accommodating attachment bolts.
In a further aspect of the present invention there is provided in an air cooled, reciprocating piston, internal combustion engine having at least one row of cylinders comprising individual cylinder heads arranged side-by-side the cylinder heads being provided with cooling ribs extending substantially normal to the axes of the cylinders, the cyl.inder heads including means for accommodating attachment bolts, the cylinder heads each having at least one inlet valve and one exhaust valve, the valve stems of which extend substantially parallel to the axes of the cylinders and sltuated such that the plane passing through the valve stems lies at an acute angle to the longitudinal axis of the internal combustion engine, the cylinder heads each including an intake duct located on a side thereof swept by cooling air, the intake duct having its opening located approximately centrally of the cylinder head, the cylinder heads each including an exhaust duct extending substantially perpendicularly to the exhaust air side, and a lateral deflector being provided adjacent the end cylinder head in each row, the improvement wherein each of the cylinder heads includes a central area between the valve stems therein and wherein each cylinder head, due to the con-tour thereof and housing the inlet and exhaust ducts and the cooling ribs, provides at least one arcuate or S-shaped cooling air duct between it and a similarly structured adjacent cylinder head and wherein each cylinder head includes a closed cover plate section facing the associated cylinder of the individual cylinder head, each closed cover plate section being provided with cooling ribs at the cylinder head periphery, substan-tially on the exhaust air side thereof, and the side thereof facing the inlet valve stem, and comprises boss means for accommodating attachment bolts.
-5a -In a further aspect of the present invention there is provided in an air cooled, reciprocatiny piston, internal combustion engine having at least one row of cylinders comprising individual cylinder heads arranged side-by-side, the cylinder heads being provided with cooling ribs, the cylinder heads each having at least one inlet and one exhaust valve and also having an intake duct and an exhaust duct connected by a head area, the improvement comprising: in respect of each head, contouring walls of the intake and exhaust ducts and contouring the head area intermediate and connecting the duct walls whereby to provide, between the adjacently arranged cylinder heads, an arcuate cooling air duct.
In a still further aspect of the present i.nvention there is provided in an air-cooled, reciprocating piston, internal combustion engine which defines a longitudinal axis and which includes at least one row of cylinders comprising individual cylinder heads arranged side-by-side, the cylinder heads being provided with cooling ribs extending substantially normal to the axes of the cylinders, the cylinder heads including means for accommodating attachment bolts, the cylinder heads each having at least one inlet valve and one exhaust valve, the valve stems of which extend substantially parallel to the axes of the cylinders and are situated such that the plane passing through the valve stems lies at an acute angle to the longitudinal axis of the internal combustion engine, the cylinder heads each including an intake duct located on a side thereof which is swept by cooling air, the intake duct having its inlet opening aligned approximately centrall.y of the cylinder head, the cylinder heads each including an exhaust duct extendi.ng substantially perpendicularly to the exhaust air side, and a lateral deflector being provided 5b -adjacent the end cylinder head in each row, the improvement wherein each of the cylinder heads includes a central area between the valve stems therein, and wherein each cylinder head is externally shaped to provide at least one arcuate or S-shaped cooling air duc-t between it and an adjacent, similarly con-structed cylinder head, and wherein each cylinder head includes an enclosed cover plate section facing the associated cylinder of the cylinder head, the enclosed cover plate being provided with cooling ribs at the cylinder head periphery, substantially on the exhaust air side thereof, and the side thereof facing the inlet valve stern, and includes boss means for accommodating attachment bolts.
The invention is illustrated by way of example in the accompanying drawings wherein:
Figure 1 is a side elevational view of an air cooled cylinder head in accordance with the present invention;
Figure 2 is a view in the direction of the exhaust air side of the head, showing the exhaust duct flange of the cylinder head shown in Figure 1, Figure 3 is a cross sectional view through the lateral deflectors and fairings on the exhaust air side, and through the cylinder heads, along the line III-III in Figure 5, with arrows indicating the flows of cooling and exhaust air;
Figure 4 is a side elevational view of the cylinder head shown in Figure 1, with a cross section through a mounted fairing on the exhaust air side and arrows showing the flows of cooling and exhaust air, and Figure 5 is a view of a plurality of cylinder heads similar to that shown in Figure 2, with fairings on the exhaust air side mounted and removed.
5c -~L23;2~
In Figures 1 to 5, 1 denotes a single cylinder head of an air cooled reciprocating internal combustion engine, the exterior of which is substantially cube-shaped and comprising an inlet duct 2 and an exhaust duct 3 arranged on opposite sides of the said cylinder head. The said inlet and exhaust ducts comprise valves, (not shown), which define ducts at the ends facing the cylinder, (not shown). The cylinder heads when mounted are swept by cooling air, indicated in Figures 1, 3 and 4, which arrives at the inlet end of the inlet duct and leaves the cylinder heads on the exhaust duct side.
- 5d -~3~
As shown more particularly in Figure 3, the plane passing through -the stems, (not shown) of the valves, lies at an acu-te angle of 30 in relation to the longitudinal axis of the internal combustion engine. Inlet-duct 2 opens at the centre of the cylinder head and extends, merging in-to a swirl-shaped duct, to the outside of the cylinder head.
Exhaust duct 3 ex-tends, by the shortest path, outwardly and therefore opens, offset in relation to the centre of the cylinder head, at right angles to the exhaust air side of cylinder head 1. As also shown, in Figure 3, a central area 4 is provided between inlet duct 2 and exhaust duct 3, the central area being, in this example of embodiment of the invention, solid and integral with the cylinder head. The configuration of the cylinder head produces, in conjunction with an adjacently arranged cylinder head, an arcuate or S-shaped cooling air duct 5 in whieh the cooling air i.s repeatedly defleeted and is therefore utilized to optimal effect. As may be gathered more partuclarly from Figures 1 and 2, the cylinder head eomprises a eover plate seetion or deck seetion~6 which upon assembly faces a cylinder, (not shown) and is of substantially solid design having little ribbing, and a cylinder head section or fin section 7. The latter comprises cooling ribs 8 arranged substantially perpendicularly to the axis of the eylinder and extending from duets 2, 3 and central area 4, to the cube-shaped external contour of the cylinder heads. Cover plate seetion 6 has, at its corners, bosses for accommodating attach-ment bolts shown in Figure 5. As shown more particularly in Figures 1 and 4, the cover plate seetion comprises, obliquely arranged ribs 8a extending at an acute angle to the axis of the cylinder. Arranged between ribs 8a and the cylinder, (not shown), is a channel 10 having ribs 8b. A seen in Figures 1 and 4, channel 10 is expanded in the vicinity of the oblique ~2~ a ribs and the channel ribs, so that the combined partial flows of air can flow away from the heads, as shown in Figure 4.
Depending upon the desired magnitude of the flows of cooling air through -the lateral ribs on the cover plate section, the adjacent cylinder head may comprise a suitable recess on the adjacen-t side thereof.
As seen in Figure 2, cover plate section 6 comprises ribs 8c on the exhaust air side extending V-shaped, at an acute angle to the axis of the cylinder, beneath exhaust duct 3. Almost adjoining ribs i3c are ribs 3d extending parallel with the axes of the cylinders.
As also shown in Figures 3 and 4, incoming cold air (indicated by outlined arrows) is divided into a main air flow, flowing through the arcuate or S-shaped cooling air duct, and a partial air flow flowing laterally through the cover plate section. The cold air is heated by the walls of the cylinder head and passes out as hot air (solid arrows).
Arranged on the exhaust air side, between each two cylinder heads is a fairing 11 which, as shown in Figure 5, comprises, laterally and at the edges of the cylinder heads facing the cylinders, a flow through spacing whereby the volume of cooling air is throttled or choked for the purpose of ensuring satisfactory cooling of the cylinder head, and is also caused to flow completely around the exhaust air side. Between the -two cylinder heads, seen in E'igure 5, fairing 11 has a recess 13 through which the flow of cooling air arriving from the lateral ribs on cover pla-te section 6 may emerge. In the vicinity of -the upper edges of the cylinder heads, fairing 11 is bent round at right angles and follows the upper contour of the cylinder heads, best seen in Figure 4. This provides an upper limit to the arcuate or S-shaped cooling airduct-to the ribs on the exhaust air side of the cover plate section 6, ~23;25~L
below exhaust auct 3.
Deflectors 14 are provided for lateral guidance of the flows of cooling air at the encl of each row of cylinders, the deflectors being shaped in such a manner that they replace the external contour of an aajacently arranged cylinder head and a part of the corresponding fairing, thus maintaining the arcua-te or S-shaped cooling air duct.
This latter configuration of the cylinder heads produces overall highly satisfactory guidance of the flow of cooling air and excellent utilization thereof. Such makes it possible for the central area of the cylinder head to be solid An injection nozzle for a self igniting Diesel engine may thus be arranged in a bore 15 in the central area which is an optimal location from the point of view of combustion technology, and assures the nozzle does not become overheated.
The present inven-tion relates to improvements in an air cooled, reciprocating piston, internal combustion engine having at least one row of cylinders and individual cylinder heads arranged side by side, the cylinder heads being substantially cube-shaped exteriorly and provided with means such as bosses, for accommoda-ting a-ttachment bolts.
The cylinder heads each having at least one inlet valve and one exhaust valve, the valve stems of which extend sub-stantially parallel to the axes of the cylinders, and situtated such that the plane passing through the valve stems lies at an acute angle to the longitudinal direction of the internal combustion engine, the cylinder heads each including an intake duct, located on a side thereof swept by the cooling sir, the intake duct having its opening located approximately centrally of the cylinder head, the cylinder heads each including an exhaust duct extending substantially perpendicularly to the exhaust air or exit side, and a lateral deflector being provided adjacent the last or end cylinder head in each row.
An air cooled, reciprocating piston, internal com-bustion engine of this type, having corresponding single cylinder heads, is known from commercial engine series 924 to 930 of the Tatra-Werke, Czechoslovakia, it being illustrated and described in the technical publication entitled, "Air Cooled Automobile Engines", by J. Mackerle, ~rank'sche ~erlagsbuchhandlung, Stuttgart, 1964, reference pages 171 to 173 and 524 to 528. The design of the cylinder heads and cooling ribs is such that each cylinder head constitutes a coo]ing unit per se through which air flows in substantially straight lines. Thus one cylinder head, and its associa-ted lateral deflectors, forms merely a restriction for the flow of air to the o-ther cylinder head. A reciprocating piston internal combustion engine, and a cyl.inder head, of this latter -1- :~
kind are suitable only for limited ou-tputs, since the area of the exhaust ducts, in particular, and the areas between the exhaust duct and -the cy:linder barrel, cannot be adequately cooled. This is also due to the fact that the bosses for the cylinder head attachment bol-ts extend, in the crankcase, to the upper edge of the cylinder head.
It is -therefore a main purpose of the present in-vention to improve the air cooled reciprocating piston in-ternal combustion engine in question, and the cylinder heads and cooling thereof, in such a manner that higher outputs can be aehieved, that the high strength of the cylinder head is retained, that satisfactory guidance of the cooling air and satisfactory cooling of hot spots is achieved, and that production costs are favourable.
The aforementioned aim is aehieved in that, with the aid of the external contours of the gas exchange ducts, in eonjunetion with the eentral areas arranged between the res-pective valve stems, and the cooling ribs extendiny at right angles to the axis of the cylinder, the adjacently arranged cylinder heads form one or more - depending upon the size of the cooling ribs - arcuate or S-shaped cooling air ducts in the cylinder head section facing away from the cylinder, and in that the cover plate section - facing the cylinder - of the cylinder head is provided with cooling ribs at the periphery, substantially on the exhaust air side and on the side facing the inlet valve s-tem, and comprises bosses for accor~nodating at-tachment bolts. Although the cylinder head according -to the present invention is in one piece, it may be divided into a cylinder head section ("fin section'l) facing away from the cylinder and a cover plate section ("deck section").
The cover plate section is made thick enough to achieve adequate strer)gth and to ensure overall, stable, uniform sealing to the ~3;~
cylinder barrel. The bosses for the cylinder head attachment bolts also terminate at the cover plate section, so that the cylinder head section thereabove, racing away from the cylinder, is defined by the gas-exchange ducts, the cooling ribs, and a central area. The plane passing through -the valve stems lies preferably at an acute angle of 30 in relation to the longitudinal axis of the internal combustion engine.
Since the inlet duct, curved in the form of a hook, extends from the valve to the centre of the cylinder head, and the exhaust duct runs by the shortest path thereto, substantially at right angles Jo -the exhaust air side, such produces an arcuate or S-shaped cooling air duct - when two assembled cylinder heads are viewed from above. Within this created cooling air duct, the cooling air is repeatedly deflected, thus achieving very good heat transfer. Furthermore, this cooling duct, which, depending upon the size of the cooling ribs, may be divided into a plurality of arcuate or S-shaped sections, is very large since it is not obstructed by the bosses for the attachment bolts. According to some embodiments in accordance with the invention, there is provided a flow of cooling air in the vicinity of the exhaust valve or exhaust duct in the cover plate section also, said flow comprising a partial flow of air arriving linearly and a partial flow of air passing over ribs obliquely arranged namely ones positioned at an acute angle to -the cylinder axis, in the cover pla-te sectionO
The partial flow of air passing over the obliquely arranged ribs is branched off the main flow of air, By arranging additional V-shaped ribs and parallel ribs in the cover plate section on the exhaust air side, according to a further embodiment, and by arranging fairings on the exhaust air side, according to a still further embodi-ment, parts of the arcuate or S-shaped main cooling air flow ~23~
are also guided on the exhaust air side, in the area below the exhaust duct, to the cover plate section. To this end, the external contour of the cylinder head section facing away from the cylinder is also recessed in relation to the cooling ribs below the exhaust duct, thus allowing an adequately large flow of air to reach these ribs. This is also assisted by the extension and bending of the fairings along the upper edges of the cylinder heads, according to a further embodiment, and by the configurations shown in the drawings. Bending the fairings on the exhaust air side and selecting suitable flow though spacing to the exhaust duct contour, to the next fairing, and to the edges ox the cylinder heads facing the cylinders, ensures that the cooling air is accurately guided and metered until it leaves the cylinder heads. To this end, the fairings also comprise recesses in the area of the cover plate section between two cylinder heads. The air guided between the cover plate sections can thus emerge th Lo ugh these recesses.
Tests have shown that the central area between the gas exchange ducts may be made integral with the cylinder head, i.e., solid and without interruption, and that the injection nozzle located in this area is adequately cooled. Due to the satisfactory cooling provided, no fur-ther cooling is necessary.
If, contrary to expectations, this central area should need additional cooling, it is quite possible to provide cooling ribs or coolant ducts. If desired, it is possible to provide a recess between the exhaust duct and the central area, or between the central area and the inlet duct.
Since the main cooling air duct between the cylinder heads is arcuate or S-shaped, it is offered, according to one embodiment, that the lateral deflectors shawl have expansions corresponding to the guidance through each additional cylinder 1~3~
head. They are also advantageously connected, in one piece, with the correspondi.ng part of the fairing.
In one aspect of the present invention there is provided in an air cooled, reciprocating piston, internal Gombustion engine having at least one row of cylinders comprising individual cylinder heads arranged side-by-side, the cylinder heads being provided with cooling ribs extending substantially normal to the axes of the cylinders, the cylinder heads including means for accommodating attachment bolts, the cylinder heads each having at least one inlet valve and one exhaust valve, the valve stems of which extend sub-stantially parallel to the axes of the cylinders and situated such that the plane passing through said valve stems lies at an acute angle to the longitudinal axis of the internal combustion engine, the cylinder heads each in.cluding an intake duct located on a side thereof swept by cooling air, the intake duct 'naving its opening located approximately centrally of the cylinder head, the cylinder heads each including an exhaust duct extending substantially perpendicularly to the exhaust air side, and a lateral deflector being provided adjacent the end cylinder head in each row, the improvement comprising with the aid of external contours of the ducts, in conjunction with central areas arranged between the respective valve stems and the cooling ribs, the adjacently arranged cylinder heads from one or more arcuate or S-shaped cooling air ducts in a section of the cylinder head facing away from the individual cylinder, and in that an enclosed cover plate section facing the cylind~ of the individual cylinder head is provided with cooling ribs at the cylinder head periphery, substantially on the exhaust air side thereof, and the side thereof facing the inlet valve stem, and com-. I- 5 -2S~
comprises boss means for accommodating attachment bolts.
In a further aspect of the present invention there is provided in an air cooled, reciprocating piston, internal combustion engine having at least one row of cylinders comprising individual cylinder heads arranged side-by-side the cylinder heads being provided with cooling ribs extending substantially normal to the axes of the cylinders, the cyl.inder heads including means for accommodating attachment bolts, the cylinder heads each having at least one inlet valve and one exhaust valve, the valve stems of which extend substantially parallel to the axes of the cylinders and sltuated such that the plane passing through the valve stems lies at an acute angle to the longitudinal axis of the internal combustion engine, the cylinder heads each including an intake duct located on a side thereof swept by cooling air, the intake duct having its opening located approximately centrally of the cylinder head, the cylinder heads each including an exhaust duct extending substantially perpendicularly to the exhaust air side, and a lateral deflector being provided adjacent the end cylinder head in each row, the improvement wherein each of the cylinder heads includes a central area between the valve stems therein and wherein each cylinder head, due to the con-tour thereof and housing the inlet and exhaust ducts and the cooling ribs, provides at least one arcuate or S-shaped cooling air duct between it and a similarly structured adjacent cylinder head and wherein each cylinder head includes a closed cover plate section facing the associated cylinder of the individual cylinder head, each closed cover plate section being provided with cooling ribs at the cylinder head periphery, substan-tially on the exhaust air side thereof, and the side thereof facing the inlet valve stem, and comprises boss means for accommodating attachment bolts.
-5a -In a further aspect of the present invention there is provided in an air cooled, reciprocatiny piston, internal combustion engine having at least one row of cylinders comprising individual cylinder heads arranged side-by-side, the cylinder heads being provided with cooling ribs, the cylinder heads each having at least one inlet and one exhaust valve and also having an intake duct and an exhaust duct connected by a head area, the improvement comprising: in respect of each head, contouring walls of the intake and exhaust ducts and contouring the head area intermediate and connecting the duct walls whereby to provide, between the adjacently arranged cylinder heads, an arcuate cooling air duct.
In a still further aspect of the present i.nvention there is provided in an air-cooled, reciprocating piston, internal combustion engine which defines a longitudinal axis and which includes at least one row of cylinders comprising individual cylinder heads arranged side-by-side, the cylinder heads being provided with cooling ribs extending substantially normal to the axes of the cylinders, the cylinder heads including means for accommodating attachment bolts, the cylinder heads each having at least one inlet valve and one exhaust valve, the valve stems of which extend substantially parallel to the axes of the cylinders and are situated such that the plane passing through the valve stems lies at an acute angle to the longitudinal axis of the internal combustion engine, the cylinder heads each including an intake duct located on a side thereof which is swept by cooling air, the intake duct having its inlet opening aligned approximately centrall.y of the cylinder head, the cylinder heads each including an exhaust duct extendi.ng substantially perpendicularly to the exhaust air side, and a lateral deflector being provided 5b -adjacent the end cylinder head in each row, the improvement wherein each of the cylinder heads includes a central area between the valve stems therein, and wherein each cylinder head is externally shaped to provide at least one arcuate or S-shaped cooling air duc-t between it and an adjacent, similarly con-structed cylinder head, and wherein each cylinder head includes an enclosed cover plate section facing the associated cylinder of the cylinder head, the enclosed cover plate being provided with cooling ribs at the cylinder head periphery, substantially on the exhaust air side thereof, and the side thereof facing the inlet valve stern, and includes boss means for accommodating attachment bolts.
The invention is illustrated by way of example in the accompanying drawings wherein:
Figure 1 is a side elevational view of an air cooled cylinder head in accordance with the present invention;
Figure 2 is a view in the direction of the exhaust air side of the head, showing the exhaust duct flange of the cylinder head shown in Figure 1, Figure 3 is a cross sectional view through the lateral deflectors and fairings on the exhaust air side, and through the cylinder heads, along the line III-III in Figure 5, with arrows indicating the flows of cooling and exhaust air;
Figure 4 is a side elevational view of the cylinder head shown in Figure 1, with a cross section through a mounted fairing on the exhaust air side and arrows showing the flows of cooling and exhaust air, and Figure 5 is a view of a plurality of cylinder heads similar to that shown in Figure 2, with fairings on the exhaust air side mounted and removed.
5c -~L23;2~
In Figures 1 to 5, 1 denotes a single cylinder head of an air cooled reciprocating internal combustion engine, the exterior of which is substantially cube-shaped and comprising an inlet duct 2 and an exhaust duct 3 arranged on opposite sides of the said cylinder head. The said inlet and exhaust ducts comprise valves, (not shown), which define ducts at the ends facing the cylinder, (not shown). The cylinder heads when mounted are swept by cooling air, indicated in Figures 1, 3 and 4, which arrives at the inlet end of the inlet duct and leaves the cylinder heads on the exhaust duct side.
- 5d -~3~
As shown more particularly in Figure 3, the plane passing through -the stems, (not shown) of the valves, lies at an acu-te angle of 30 in relation to the longitudinal axis of the internal combustion engine. Inlet-duct 2 opens at the centre of the cylinder head and extends, merging in-to a swirl-shaped duct, to the outside of the cylinder head.
Exhaust duct 3 ex-tends, by the shortest path, outwardly and therefore opens, offset in relation to the centre of the cylinder head, at right angles to the exhaust air side of cylinder head 1. As also shown, in Figure 3, a central area 4 is provided between inlet duct 2 and exhaust duct 3, the central area being, in this example of embodiment of the invention, solid and integral with the cylinder head. The configuration of the cylinder head produces, in conjunction with an adjacently arranged cylinder head, an arcuate or S-shaped cooling air duct 5 in whieh the cooling air i.s repeatedly defleeted and is therefore utilized to optimal effect. As may be gathered more partuclarly from Figures 1 and 2, the cylinder head eomprises a eover plate seetion or deck seetion~6 which upon assembly faces a cylinder, (not shown) and is of substantially solid design having little ribbing, and a cylinder head section or fin section 7. The latter comprises cooling ribs 8 arranged substantially perpendicularly to the axis of the eylinder and extending from duets 2, 3 and central area 4, to the cube-shaped external contour of the cylinder heads. Cover plate seetion 6 has, at its corners, bosses for accommodating attach-ment bolts shown in Figure 5. As shown more particularly in Figures 1 and 4, the cover plate seetion comprises, obliquely arranged ribs 8a extending at an acute angle to the axis of the cylinder. Arranged between ribs 8a and the cylinder, (not shown), is a channel 10 having ribs 8b. A seen in Figures 1 and 4, channel 10 is expanded in the vicinity of the oblique ~2~ a ribs and the channel ribs, so that the combined partial flows of air can flow away from the heads, as shown in Figure 4.
Depending upon the desired magnitude of the flows of cooling air through -the lateral ribs on the cover plate section, the adjacent cylinder head may comprise a suitable recess on the adjacen-t side thereof.
As seen in Figure 2, cover plate section 6 comprises ribs 8c on the exhaust air side extending V-shaped, at an acute angle to the axis of the cylinder, beneath exhaust duct 3. Almost adjoining ribs i3c are ribs 3d extending parallel with the axes of the cylinders.
As also shown in Figures 3 and 4, incoming cold air (indicated by outlined arrows) is divided into a main air flow, flowing through the arcuate or S-shaped cooling air duct, and a partial air flow flowing laterally through the cover plate section. The cold air is heated by the walls of the cylinder head and passes out as hot air (solid arrows).
Arranged on the exhaust air side, between each two cylinder heads is a fairing 11 which, as shown in Figure 5, comprises, laterally and at the edges of the cylinder heads facing the cylinders, a flow through spacing whereby the volume of cooling air is throttled or choked for the purpose of ensuring satisfactory cooling of the cylinder head, and is also caused to flow completely around the exhaust air side. Between the -two cylinder heads, seen in E'igure 5, fairing 11 has a recess 13 through which the flow of cooling air arriving from the lateral ribs on cover pla-te section 6 may emerge. In the vicinity of -the upper edges of the cylinder heads, fairing 11 is bent round at right angles and follows the upper contour of the cylinder heads, best seen in Figure 4. This provides an upper limit to the arcuate or S-shaped cooling airduct-to the ribs on the exhaust air side of the cover plate section 6, ~23;25~L
below exhaust auct 3.
Deflectors 14 are provided for lateral guidance of the flows of cooling air at the encl of each row of cylinders, the deflectors being shaped in such a manner that they replace the external contour of an aajacently arranged cylinder head and a part of the corresponding fairing, thus maintaining the arcua-te or S-shaped cooling air duct.
This latter configuration of the cylinder heads produces overall highly satisfactory guidance of the flow of cooling air and excellent utilization thereof. Such makes it possible for the central area of the cylinder head to be solid An injection nozzle for a self igniting Diesel engine may thus be arranged in a bore 15 in the central area which is an optimal location from the point of view of combustion technology, and assures the nozzle does not become overheated.
Claims (27)
1. In an air cooled, reciprocating piston, internal combustion engine having at least one row of cylinders comprising individual cylinder heads arranged side-by side, said cylinder heads being provided with cooling ribs extending substantially normal to the axes of the cylinders, said cylinder heads including means for accommodating attachment bolts, said cylinder heads each having at least one inlet valve and one exhaust valve, the valve stems of which extend sub-stantially parallel to the axes of the cylinders and situated such that the plane passing through said valve stems lies at an acute angle to the longitudinal axis of the internal com-bustion engine, said cylinder heads each including an intake duct located, on a side thereof swept by cooling air, said intake duct having its opening located approximately centrally of the cylinder head, said cylinder heads each including an exhaust duct extending substantially perpendicularly to the exhaust air side, and a lateral deflector being provided adjacent the end cylinder head in each row, the improvement comprising: with the aid of external contours of the ducts, in conjunction with central areas arranged between the res-pective valve stems and the cooling ribs, the adjacently arranged cylinder heads form one or more arcuate or S-shaped cooling air ducts in a section of the cylinder head facing away from the individual cylinder, and in that an enclosed cover plate section facing the cylinder of the individual cylinder head is provided with cooling ribs at the cylinder head periphery, substantially on the exhaust air side thereof, and the side thereof facing the inlet valve stem, and comprises boss means for accommodating attachment bolts.
2. The improvement as defined in claim 1, wherein ribs are obliquely arranged on the side of the cover plate section facing the inlet valve stem, in the central area of the cylinder head, said ribs extending at an acute angle to the axis of the cylinder, and in that a channel extending at right angles to the axis of the cylinder, is provided between said ribs and the edge of the cylinder head abutting the cylinder, ribs being arranged in said channel and extending from the air inlet side to said obliquely arranged ribs, so that the flow of air through the channel and said cooling ribs unites with the flow of air through the obliquely arranged ribs, in the exhaust air direction.
3. The improvement as defined in claim 2, wherein on the side adjacent the inlet valve stem, in the cover plate section, the cylinder head comprises spaced recesses respective the channel, the channel ribs, and the obliquely arranged ribs.
4. The improvement as defined in claim 2, wherein the cooling ribs on the exhaust air side, at the periphery of the cover plate section, comprise V -shaped ribs extending at an acute angle to the axis of the cylinder, below the exhaust duct and above adjacent parallel spaced ribs extending parallel with the cylinder axis and extending to terminate adjacent the cylinder, said V-shaped and parallel spaced ribs being designed to project relative to said cooling ribs extending substantially normal to the axes of the cylinders and to the external contour of the cylinder head section facing away from the individual cylinder.
5. The improvement as defined in claim 1, wherein said central area is of solid design having no cooling ribs.
6. The improvement as defined in claim 1, wherein arranged in said central area are additional cooling means such as ribs, ducts for coolants, particularly cooling oil, and a recess is provided between said central area and said exhaust duct and intake duct.
7. The improvement as defined in claim 1, wherein a bore for reception of the injection nozzle of a self-igniting Diesel engine is provided in said central area, between the valve stems, said bore being arranged approximately parallel therewith.
8. The improvement as defined in claim 1, wherein fairings are provided on the exhaust air side to define said arcuate or S-shaped cooling air ducts, said fairings are providing a flow through space adjacent the contour of the exhaust duct, and extending to the next fairing, and down-wardly to the edges, facing the cylinders, of the cylinder heads, as well as to a recess between them which extends from the edge, facing the cylinders, as far as the cover plate section.
9. The improvement as defined in claim 8, wherein in the vicinity of the upper edges of the cylinder heads, the fairings are bent round approximately at right angles, so that they extend, following contours of the cylinder heads, in the direction of the flow of cooling air, and that they define upwardly, the arcuate or S-shaped cooling air ducts.
10. The improvement as defined in claim 8, wherein a baffle plate, covering said arcuate or S-shaped cooling air ducts, and engaging over a plurality of the heads, is provided along the upper edges of the cylinder heads.
11. The improvement as defined in claim 10, wherein the baffle plate comprises the lower part of a housing accommodating valve gear parts.
12. The improvement as defined in claim 1, wherein said lateral deflectors at the said end cylinder heads are shaped, in the direction of the flow of cooling air, in such a manner as to produce cooling air ducts corresponding approximately to the cooling air ducts between any two cylinder heads, the deflector adjacent an inlet valve stem in this area, and the deflector arranged at the other end of a row of cylinders, in the vicinity of the exhaust duct, each comprising an ex-pansion area, and in that the respective fairing parts, corresponding to the exhaust air area are integrally formed with said deflectors.
13. The improvement as defined in claim 12, wherein the fairings and the deflectors are bent at about 90°, adjacent their peripheral edges, in the area of the exhaust air side, so that said edges face toward the cylinder heads.
14. In an air cooled, reciprocating piston, internal combustion engine having at least one row of cylinders com-prising individual cylinder heads arranged side-by-side, said cylinder heads being provided with cooling ribs extending substantially normal to the axes of the cylinders, said cylinder heads including means for accommodating attachment bolts, said cylinder heads each having at least one inlet valve and one exhaust valve, the valve stems of which extend substantially parallel to the axes of the cylinders and situ-ated such that the plane passing through said valve stems lies at an acute angle to the longitudinal axis of the in-ternal combustion engine, said cylinder heads each in-cluding an intake duct located, on a side thereof swept by cooling air, said intake duct having its opening located approximately centrally of the cylinder head, said cylinder heads each including an exhaust duct extending substantially perpendicularly to the exhaust air side, and a lateral deflector being provided adjacent the end cylinder head in each row, the improvement wherein each of the cylinder heads includes a central area between the valve stems therein and wherein each cylinder head, due to the contour thereof and housing said inlet and exhaust ducts and the cooling ribs, provides at least one arcuate or S-shaped cooling air duct between it and a similarly structured adjacent cylinder head and wherein each cylinder head includes a closed cover plate section facing the associated cylinder of the indivi-dual cylinder head, each closed cover plate section being provided with cooling ribs at the cylinder head periphery, substantially on the exhaust air side thereof, and the side thereof facing the inlet valve stem, and comprises boss means for accommodating attachment bolts.
15. In an air-cooled, reciprocating piston, internal combustion engine which defines a longitudinal axis and which includes at least one row of cylinders comprising individual cylinder heads arranged side by side, said cylin-der heads being provided with cooling ribs extending sub-stantially normal to the axes of the cylinders, said cylin-der heads including means for accommodating attachment bolts, said cylinder heads each having at least one inlet valve and one exhaust valve, the valve stems of which extend substantially parallel to the axes of the cylinders and are situated such that the plane passing through said valve stem lies at an acute angle to said longitudinal axis of the internal combustion engine, said cylinder heads each including an intake duct located on a side thereof which is swept by cooling air, said intake duct having its inlet opening aligned approximately centrally of the cylinder head, said cylinder heads each including an exhaust duct extending substantially perpendicularly to the exhaust air side, and a lateral deflector being provided adjacent the end cylinder head in each row, the improvement wherein each of the cylin-der heads includes a central area between the valve stems therein, and wherein each cylinder head is externally shaped to provide at least one arcuate or S-shaped cooling air duct between it and an adjacent, similarly constructed cylinder head, and wherein each cylinder head includes an enclosed cover plate section facing the associated cylinder of the cylinder head, said enclosed cover plate being provided with cooling ribs at the cylinder head periphery, substantially on the exhaust air side thereof, and the side thereof facing the inlet valve stem, and includes boss means for accommo-dating attachment bolts.
16. The improvement as defined in claim 15, wherein ribs are obliquely arranged on the side of the cover plate section facing the inlet valve stem, in the central area of the cylinder head, said ribs extending at an acute angle to the axis of the cylinder, and in that a channel extending at right angles to the axis of the cylinder is provided between said ribs and the edge of the cylinder head abutting the cylinder, ribs being arranged in said channel and extending from the air inlet side to said obliquely arranged ribs, so that the flow of air through the channel and said cooling ribs unites with the flow of air through the obliquely arranged ribs, in the exhaust air direction.
17. The improvement as defined in claim 16, wherein on the side adjacent the inlet valve stem, in the cover plate section, the cylinder head comprises spaced recesses respec-tive the channel, the channel ribs, and the obliquely arranged ribs.
18. The improvement as defined in claim 16, wherein the cooling ribs on the exhaust air side, at the periphery of the cover plate section, comprise V-shaped ribs extending at an acute angle to the axis of the cylinder, below the exhaust duct and above adjacent parallel spaced ribs extend-ing parallel with the cylinder axis and extending to ter-minate adjacent the cylinder, said V-shaped and parallel spaced ribs being designed to project relative to said cooling ribs extending substantially normal to the axes of the cylinders and to the external contour of the cylinder head section facing away from the individual cylinder.
19. The improvement as defined in claim 15, wherein said central area is of solid design having no cooling ribs.
20. The improvement as defined in claim 15, wherein said central area includes cooling ribs, and wherein a recess is provided between said central area and said exhaust duct and intake duct.
21. The improvement as defined in claim 15, wherein a bore reception of the injection nozzle of a self-igniting Diesel engine is provided in said central area, between the valve stems, said bore being arranged approximately parallel therewith.
22. The improvement as defined in claim 15, wherein fairings are provided on the exhaust air side to define said arcuate or S-shaped cooling air ducts, said fairings provid-ing a flow through space adjacent the contour of the exhaust duct, and extending to the next fairing, and downwardly to the edges, facing the cylinders, of the cylinder heads, as well as to a recess between them which extends from the edge, facing the cylinders, as far as the cover plate section.
23. The improvement as defined in claim 22, wherein in the vicinity of the upper edges of the cylinder heads the fairings are bent round approximately at right angles, so that they extend, following contours of the cylinder heads, in the direction of the flow of cooling air, and that they define upwardly, the arcuate or S-shaped cooling air ducts.
24. The improvement as defined in claim 22, wherein a baffle plate, covering said arcuate or S-shaped cooling air ducts, and engaging over a plurality of the heads, is pro-vided along the upper edges of the cylinder heads.
25. The improvement as defined in claim 24, wherein the baffle plate comprises the lower part of a housing accommodating valve gear parts.
26. The improvement as defined in claim 15, wherein said lateral deflectors at said end cylinder heads are shaped, in the direction of the flow of cooling air, in such a manner as to produce cooling air ducts corresponding approximately to the cooling air ducts between any two cylinder heads, the deflector adjacent an inlet valve stem in this area, and the deflector arranged at the other end of a row of cylinders, in the vicinity of the exhaust duct, each comprising an expansion area, and in that the respective fairing parts, corresponding to the exhaust air area are integrally formed with said deflectors.
27. The improvement as defined in claim 26, wherein the fairings and the deflectors are bent at about 90°, adja-cent their peripheral edges, in the area of the exhaust air side, so that said edges face toward the cylinder heads.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19833314720 DE3314720A1 (en) | 1983-04-22 | 1983-04-22 | CYLINDER HEAD FOR AN AIR COOLED PISTON COMBUSTION ENGINE |
| DEP3314720.5 | 1983-04-22 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1232501A true CA1232501A (en) | 1988-02-09 |
Family
ID=6197143
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000452380A Expired CA1232501A (en) | 1983-04-22 | 1984-04-19 | Cylinder head for an air cooled reciprocating piston internal combustion engine |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0123101B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPS59206652A (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE31105T1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1232501A (en) |
| DE (2) | DE3314720A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS62197658A (en) * | 1986-02-24 | 1987-09-01 | Yanmar Diesel Engine Co Ltd | Cylinder head cooling device for internal combustion engine |
| DE10239534A1 (en) * | 2002-08-23 | 2004-04-22 | Man Turbomaschinen Ag | Hot gas leading gas manifold |
| CN102400811B (en) * | 2011-12-19 | 2013-03-20 | 力帆实业(集团)股份有限公司 | Air cylinder head for three-air-valve engine |
Family Cites Families (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BE544548A (en) * | ||||
| DE862690C (en) * | 1943-10-19 | 1953-01-12 | Kloeckner Humboldt Deutz Ag | Cooling air duct on the cylinder head of air-cooled internal combustion engines with an adjoining room |
| DE970978C (en) * | 1952-04-13 | 1958-11-20 | Kloeckner Humboldt Deutz Ag | Air-cooled cylinder head for internal combustion engines |
| AT185623B (en) * | 1953-06-12 | 1956-05-25 | Motoren Werke Mannheim Ag | Cylinder head for fan-air-cooled, valve-controlled internal combustion engines |
| CH343708A (en) * | 1957-05-23 | 1959-12-31 | Lister & Co Ltd R A | Internal combustion engine and compression ignition |
| DE1119600B (en) * | 1958-11-15 | 1961-12-14 | Linde S Eismaschinen Ag Zweign | Air-cooled cylinder head for internal combustion engines |
| DE1187425B (en) * | 1959-10-10 | 1965-02-18 | Motoren Werke Mannheim Ag | Cylinder head for air-cooled injection internal combustion engines |
| CS163067B1 (en) * | 1973-03-28 | 1975-07-31 | ||
| DE2523077A1 (en) * | 1975-05-24 | 1976-12-02 | Kloeckner Humboldt Deutz Ag | Cylinder head for air cooled in-line engine - has air flow parallel to port ducts whose flange gaskets extend to guide air flow |
| AT365743B (en) * | 1977-06-07 | 1982-02-10 | List Hans | CYLINDER HEAD FOR AN AIR COOLED INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE |
-
1983
- 1983-04-22 DE DE19833314720 patent/DE3314720A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1984
- 1984-03-14 EP EP84102773A patent/EP0123101B1/en not_active Expired
- 1984-03-14 DE DE8484102773T patent/DE3467793D1/en not_active Expired
- 1984-03-14 AT AT84102773T patent/ATE31105T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1984-04-19 CA CA000452380A patent/CA1232501A/en not_active Expired
- 1984-04-20 JP JP59078812A patent/JPS59206652A/en active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS59206652A (en) | 1984-11-22 |
| ATE31105T1 (en) | 1987-12-15 |
| DE3467793D1 (en) | 1988-01-07 |
| DE3314720A1 (en) | 1984-10-25 |
| EP0123101A2 (en) | 1984-10-31 |
| EP0123101A3 (en) | 1985-11-13 |
| EP0123101B1 (en) | 1987-11-25 |
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| MKEX | Expiry |