EP0119208B1 - Extruding machine - Google Patents

Extruding machine Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0119208B1
EP0119208B1 EP83902419A EP83902419A EP0119208B1 EP 0119208 B1 EP0119208 B1 EP 0119208B1 EP 83902419 A EP83902419 A EP 83902419A EP 83902419 A EP83902419 A EP 83902419A EP 0119208 B1 EP0119208 B1 EP 0119208B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
worm
screw
press according
drive press
teeth
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP83902419A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0119208A1 (en
Inventor
Raimund Falkner
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Individual
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Individual
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Publication date
Priority claimed from AT346182A external-priority patent/AT381472B/en
Priority claimed from AT45583A external-priority patent/ATA45583A/en
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP0119208A1 publication Critical patent/EP0119208A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0119208B1 publication Critical patent/EP0119208B1/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B30—PRESSES
    • B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
    • B30B9/00—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes
    • B30B9/02—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes for squeezing-out liquid from liquid-containing material, e.g. juice from fruits, oil from oil-containing material
    • B30B9/12—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes for squeezing-out liquid from liquid-containing material, e.g. juice from fruits, oil from oil-containing material using pressing worms or screws co-operating with a permeable casing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B30—PRESSES
    • B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
    • B30B11/00—Presses specially adapted for forming shaped articles from material in particulate or plastic state, e.g. briquetting presses, tabletting presses
    • B30B11/22—Extrusion presses; Dies therefor
    • B30B11/224—Extrusion chambers
    • B30B11/225—Extrusion chambers with adjustable outlet opening
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B30—PRESSES
    • B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
    • B30B11/00—Presses specially adapted for forming shaped articles from material in particulate or plastic state, e.g. briquetting presses, tabletting presses
    • B30B11/22—Extrusion presses; Dies therefor
    • B30B11/227—Means for dividing the extruded material into briquets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B30—PRESSES
    • B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
    • B30B9/00—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes
    • B30B9/02—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes for squeezing-out liquid from liquid-containing material, e.g. juice from fruits, oil from oil-containing material
    • B30B9/12—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes for squeezing-out liquid from liquid-containing material, e.g. juice from fruits, oil from oil-containing material using pressing worms or screws co-operating with a permeable casing
    • B30B9/122—Means preventing the material from turning with the screw or returning towards the feed hopper
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B30—PRESSES
    • B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
    • B30B9/00—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes
    • B30B9/02—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes for squeezing-out liquid from liquid-containing material, e.g. juice from fruits, oil from oil-containing material
    • B30B9/12—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes for squeezing-out liquid from liquid-containing material, e.g. juice from fruits, oil from oil-containing material using pressing worms or screws co-operating with a permeable casing
    • B30B9/18—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes for squeezing-out liquid from liquid-containing material, e.g. juice from fruits, oil from oil-containing material using pressing worms or screws co-operating with a permeable casing with means for adjusting the outlet for the solid

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a screw press according to the preamble of patent claim 1.
  • Such a screw press is known, for example, from GB-A-1034/1909, which has a plurality of longitudinal slots in the wall of the screw tube for the liquid outlet and a plurality of toothed disks inserted into it, which bring about a longitudinal guidance of the material to be compressed.
  • the worm and thus the longitudinal guide elements end in front of the compression section, in which the longitudinal guide would be most important, since it is precisely there that the frictional connection between the pressed material and the wall of the worm tube breaks most easily.
  • the object of the invention is now to design a screw press of the type mentioned at the outset in such a way that continuous strand formation with the same strength as possible is achieved, and squeezed liquid can escape at any time.
  • the longitudinal guide has at least one pair of strips equipped with teeth and alternately loaded towards the screw axis, which are diametrically opposed to one another and are coupled to one another in the axial plane in such a way that an engaging movement of the teeth of the first strip causes a disengagement movement of the teeth of the second ledge with the worm gears.
  • each tooth preferably corresponds to a maximum of half the distance between the associated pair of worm threads.
  • coupled, toothed strips not only combines the advantages of the two known options, since on the one hand they have the stability and strength of a toothed disc and on the other hand they have an arbitrarily selectable engagement length, as is the case with a chain, the stability and strength of which The number of links is naturally smaller, but the slats are also positively guided, since after each worm gear passes below the dodged tooth, the slat is pressed back towards the screw axis by the evasive movement of the second slat.
  • the pair of strips can be connected on at least one side by a ring which surrounds the screw tube at a distance and is preferably guided in a displaceable manner.
  • a ring can of course connect the strips to each other on both sides, the depth of the screw flight being the same over the entire length of the screw.
  • each bar can also be achieved by an eccentrically rotating driven element, the speeds of the eccentric element and the screw being the same.
  • a preferred embodiment combines the above possibilities in that the ring is mounted on the eccentric element via a roller bearing, which is arranged coaxially with the screw axis.
  • the eccentric element can be formed on a support ring which is connected to the screw via a reinforced section of the screw flight forming a spoke.
  • the support ring protrudes on all sides from the screw tube, which is thus divided into two parts, the inner surface of the support ring being flush with the inner surface of the screw tube, so that the annular gap interrupted by the spoke does not cause any significant change in the conveying cross section.
  • the bar extends into the mouthpiece over the last screw flight, so that an axially parallel guidance of the strand that is formed, which is as effective as possible and above all in the mouthpiece area, is achieved.
  • Screw presses are particularly suitable for the compression of combustible waste of all kinds and have a screw tube 1 with a screw 6, a filling funnel 2 above one end of the screw 6 and a mouthpiece 3 which is connected to the screw tube 1 at the other end of the screw 6 connects.
  • the screw 6 is provided with screw flights 7, which have a flat slope in the area between the filling funnel 2 and the mouth end, while they rise much steeper in the area of the filling funnel 2.
  • the materials fed via the hopper 2 for example plastic, cardboard or wooden packaging, waste paper, food waste from commercial operations, pieces of bark, sawdust and wood waste from sawmills, straw, brushwood and other waste from agriculture etc.
  • At least one pair of strips 14 which are rigid in the longitudinal direction are provided as the longitudinal guide 9 for the material to be pressed, which engage between the screw flights 7 and thus, seen in the circumferential direction, result in a positive fit between the strand which is being formed and the screw tube 1.
  • each bar 14 is equipped with teeth 8 and is designed to be movable in an axial plane of the screw axis 12, so that it can avoid the migrating screw flights 7.
  • the axial plane runs through longitudinal slots 4 in the wall of the screw tube 1, through which liquid which has been squeezed out can also escape, so that the strips 14 can be mounted on the outside of the screw tube 1. Due to the constant movement of the strips 14, each longitudinal slot 4 is also kept free and its clogging by the material, which would prevent the liquid from escaping.
  • the screw 6 ends on the mouthpiece side at a distance from the mouthpiece 3, and the strips 14 transmit the screw 6, so that the guiding effect of the strips 14 is maintained approximately directly up to the mouthpiece 3.
  • a progressive compaction of the material is necessary in order to achieve a higher degree of drainage in the case of waste with a high water content, for example with pieces of bark that previously had to be pre-dried during briquetting. This could be achieved by continuously reducing the pitch of the screw flights 7. However, since it is cheaper to keep the slope constant, at least the end section of the screw 6 is tapered towards the mouthpiece 3.
  • each bar 14 after the passage of each worm gear 7 can be achieved by an eccentrically rotating element, the speed of which is equal to the worm speed.
  • the eccentric element can be formed by a cam disk or camshaft which bears against the bar 14 from the outside, the cam causing the bar 14 to be returned.
  • a cam could be arranged at each end of each bar 14.
  • the eccentric element 15 is formed on a support ring 32 which is connected to the screw 6.
  • the screw tube 1 is interrupted in this area, ie divided into two parts, and the support ring 32 protrudes outwards from the delivery space of the screw 6.
  • the inner surface of the support ring 32 is aligned with the inner wall of the worm tube 1 and the connection between the support ring 32 and the worm 6 takes place via the reinforced section 33 of the worm gear 7, which consequently forms a type of spoke (FIG. 4), so that the conveying cross section is only slightly reduced.
  • a roller bearing 17 is arranged, which is surrounded by a ring 16, from which two tabs 26 protrude radially.
  • each tab 26 is arranged such that it can be pivoted to a limited extent about an axis bolt 27 on the ring 16, which runs parallel to the screw axis 12. The movement of the eccentric element 15 therefore presses the strips 14 and thus their teeth 8 alternately radially outwards and inwards.
  • each ledge 14 As far as it engages in the longitudinal slot 4, with the cleaning of the longitudinal slot 4 supporting unevenness, such as ribs, sharp-edged projections or the like. be provided.
  • Such a guide for the strips 14 can be provided at both ends.
  • each bar is articulated at the upper end, that is to say on the mouthpiece side, so that its movement represents a pivoting movement about the joint axis 28.
  • the bolt 25 is consequently arranged in the bracket 26, as mentioned, with some play and is therefore movable and longitudinally displaceable in order not to hinder the pivoting movement.
  • the teeth 8 are arranged opposite each other on the two strips 14, with the half-offset of the screw Ken réelle 7 a bar 14 (the upper in Fig. 1) swung in and the other bar 14 is swung out, the teeth 8 are just passed by the worm gears 7.
  • the formation of an eccentric element 15 would not be absolutely necessary, since the two strips 14 force each other and, due to the rotation of the screw 6, the screw flights 7 alternately displace the two strips 14, which can be moved in a common plane.
  • a further part of the longitudinal guide 9 is provided in the form of an angled lever 36 which is attached to a part which is fixed to the screw tube and forms an outer bearing 34 for the support ring 32 the screw press is articulated.
  • the lever 36 extends on the side of the support ring 32 facing the filling funnel 2 in a further longitudinal slot 4 of the wall of the screw tube 1 and is equipped with a tooth 37 which engages in the space 41 between the support ring 32 and the screw 6 at a slightly inclined angle to the screw axis 12 has a great length since the slope of the screw flights 7 in the feed area is high, as mentioned.
  • the other end of the lever 36 is provided with a longitudinal slot through which a guide pin provided on the tab 26 protrudes, the tab 26 being pivotable about the axle pin 27.
  • a roller bearing 35 is provided between the support ring 32 and the outer bearing 34.
  • an annular gap 40 is also provided on both sides, through which liquid which has also been squeezed out can escape.
  • the adjacent area of the eccentric element 15 or the support ring 32 is also provided with unevenness, such as sharp-edged ribs, or cutting edges 39, which can additionally be bent.
  • Fig. 2 shows in longitudinal section the pivoted position of the lower bar 14, in which the screw flights 7 are arranged below the teeth 8 and at the same time the lever 36 is pivoted with the tooth 37.
  • FIG. 3 shows the pivoted-in position of the lower bar 14, in which the teeth 8 engage between the worm threads 7, and the pivoted-out position of the lever 36, in which the tooth 37 allows the worm thread 7 and the section 33 to pass.
  • the teeth 8, 37 preferably have a length which corresponds approximately to half the pitch, so that there is sufficient play.
  • the hinge axis 28 is arranged closer to the mouthpiece 3 than the front end of the worm 6, so that the teeth 8 can all be of the same depth, since a sufficient distance from the worm 8 is already achieved with the first tooth 8 engaging between the two foremost worm threads 7 , which allows the passage of the worm gear 7.
  • the arrangement or guidance of the strip 14 shown could also be reversed, so that the hinge axis 28 on the side of the filling funnel 2 and the ring 16 and the eccentric element 15 are on the mouthpiece side. Even with such an embodiment, there are no obstacles to the pivoting movement if the hinge axis 28 is arranged closer to the filling funnel 2 with respect to the tapering section of the screw 6.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Press Drives And Press Lines (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
  • Transmission Devices (AREA)

Abstract

In screw extruders, intended particularly to process fuel wastes, it is required to provide for a dosed material supply, a high pressure and for the most complete liquid removal to obtain as good a ratio as possible between the supply, the compression and the densification. To this effect, at least one guiding member which is in contact with the front end of the screw and with the neighbouring die outlet (3), allows the axial guiding of the extruded material to avoid the breaking thereof. The cross-section area and consequently the counter-pressure in an extension member (18) of the die outlet (3) is adjustable and is obtained preferably by wall elements (21) which are axially removable and extensible owing to the action of springs. A dosing device depending therefrom comprises cover elements controlled preferably by the axial displacement of the extension member (18) as a function of the pressure. These cover elements protect a grid or the like arranged in the hopper (2) between a crusher of the hopper (2) and the end upstream the screw. The guiding member traverses the wall (5) of the die (1), is driven by the screw and continuously cleans the main outlet of expressed liquid, said outlet being provided by the slot of the support in the wall (5).

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Schneckenpresse gemäss dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruches 1.The invention relates to a screw press according to the preamble of patent claim 1.

Eine derartige Schneckenpresse ist beispielsweise aus der GB-A-1034/1909 bekannt, die in der Wandung des Schneckenrohres mehrere Längsschlitze für den Flüssigkeitsaustritt und mehrere in diese eingesetzte gezahnte Scheiben aufweist, die eine Längsführung des zu verdichtenden Materials bewirken. Die Schnecke und damit die Längsführungselemente enden vor dem Verdichtungsabschnitt, in dem die Längsführung an sich am wichtigsten wäre, da gerade dort der Reibungsschluss zwischen dem verpressten Material und der Wandung des Schneckenrohres am ehesten bricht.Such a screw press is known, for example, from GB-A-1034/1909, which has a plurality of longitudinal slots in the wall of the screw tube for the liquid outlet and a plurality of toothed disks inserted into it, which bring about a longitudinal guidance of the material to be compressed. The worm and thus the longitudinal guide elements end in front of the compression section, in which the longitudinal guide would be most important, since it is precisely there that the frictional connection between the pressed material and the wall of the worm tube breaks most easily.

Eine weitere Schneckenpresse ist beispielsweise in der DE-A-2 736 810 beschrieben, bei der als Längsführung eine gezahnte Scheibe oder eine Kette im konischen Verdichtungsabschnitt vorgesehen ist, wobei für die Abführung der ausgepressten Flüssigkeit eigene siebähnliche Austrittsöffnungen vorgesehen sind, deren Verstopfung unvermeidlich ist. Eingeschlossene Flüssigkeit bewirkt jedoch Festigkeitsunterschiede des entstehenden Stranges, sodass es zu einem Zerfall des Stranges kommen kann. Ein hoher Feuchtigkeitsgehalt mindert natürlich auch den Heizwert bzw. die Brenneigenschaften des Produktes, wenn es als Brennmaterial Verwendung finden soll.Another screw press is described, for example, in DE-A-2 736 810, in which a toothed disk or a chain is provided in the conical compression section as the longitudinal guide, separate screen-like outlet openings being provided for the removal of the pressed-out liquid, the blockage of which is inevitable. However, trapped liquid causes differences in the strength of the resulting strand, so that the strand can break up. A high moisture content naturally also reduces the calorific value or the burning properties of the product if it is to be used as a fuel.

Die Erfindung hat es sich nun zur Aufgabe gestellt, eine Schneckenpresse der eingangs genannten Art so auszubilden, dass eine kontinuierliche Strangbildung mit möglichst gleicher Festigkeit erzielt wird, wobei ausgepresste Flüssigkeit jederzeit austreten kann.The object of the invention is now to design a screw press of the type mentioned at the outset in such a way that continuous strand formation with the same strength as possible is achieved, and squeezed liquid can escape at any time.

Erfindungsgemäss wird das Problem nun dadurch gelöst, dass die Längsführung zumindest ein Paar von mit Zähnen bestückten und jeweils wechselweise zur Schneckenachse hin beaufschlagten Leisten aufweist, die einander diametral gegenüberliegend und in der Axialebene derart miteinander bewegungsgekoppelt angeordnet sind, dass eine Eingriffsbewegung der Zähne der ersten Leiste eine Aussereingriffsbewegung der Zähne der zweiten Leiste mit den Schneckengängen bewirkt.According to the invention, the problem is now solved in that the longitudinal guide has at least one pair of strips equipped with teeth and alternately loaded towards the screw axis, which are diametrically opposed to one another and are coupled to one another in the axial plane in such a way that an engaging movement of the teeth of the first strip causes a disengagement movement of the teeth of the second ledge with the worm gears.

Vorzugsweise entspricht dabei die Länge jedes Zahnes maximal dem halben Abstand zwischen dem zugeordneten Paar von Schneckengängen.The length of each tooth preferably corresponds to a maximum of half the distance between the associated pair of worm threads.

Die Verwendung gekoppelter, gezahnter Leisten vereinigt nicht nur die Vorteile der beiden bekannten Möglichkeiten, da sie einerseits die Stabilität und Festigkeit einer gezahnten Scheibe und andererseits aber auch eine beliebig wählbare Eingriffslänge aufweisen, wie sie bei einer Kette gegeben ist, deren Stabilität und Festigkeit durch die Vielzahl der Glieder naturgemäss geringer ist, sondern es wird auch die Zwangsführung der Leisten erzielt, da nach Durchgang jedes Schneckenganges unterhalb des ausgewichenen Zahnes der leiste diese durch die Ausweichbewegung der zweiten Leiste wieder zur Schneckenachse hin gedrückt wird.The use of coupled, toothed strips not only combines the advantages of the two known options, since on the one hand they have the stability and strength of a toothed disc and on the other hand they have an arbitrarily selectable engagement length, as is the case with a chain, the stability and strength of which The number of links is naturally smaller, but the slats are also positively guided, since after each worm gear passes below the dodged tooth, the slat is pressed back towards the screw axis by the evasive movement of the second slat.

Zur Koppelung kann das Leistenpaar an zumindest einer Seite durch einen das Schneckenrohr mit Abstand umgebenden Ring verbunden sein, der vorzugsweise verschiebbar geführt ist. Je ein derartiger Ring kann selbstverständlich die Leisten an beiden Seiten miteinander verbinden, wobei die Schneckengangtiefe über die gesamte Schneckenlänge gleich gross ist.For coupling, the pair of strips can be connected on at least one side by a ring which surrounds the screw tube at a distance and is preferably guided in a displaceable manner. Such a ring can of course connect the strips to each other on both sides, the depth of the screw flight being the same over the entire length of the screw.

Die Zwangsführung jeder Leiste kann weiters auch durch ein exzentrisch umlaufendes angetriebenes Element erzielt werden, wobei die Drehzahlen des exzentrischen Elementes und der Schnecke gleich gross sind.The forced guidance of each bar can also be achieved by an eccentrically rotating driven element, the speeds of the eccentric element and the screw being the same.

Eine bevorzugte Ausführung kombiniert die vorstehenden Möglichkeiten dadurch, dass der Ring über ein Wälzlager auf dem exzentrischen Element gelagert ist, das koaxial mit der Schneckenachse angeordnet ist.A preferred embodiment combines the above possibilities in that the ring is mounted on the eccentric element via a roller bearing, which is arranged coaxially with the screw axis.

Dabei kann das exzentrische Element an einem Tragring ausgebildet sein, der mit der Schnecke über einen verstärkten, eine Speiche bildenden Abschnitt des Schneckenganges verbunden ist. Der Tragring steht allseitig aus dem Schneckenrohr vor, das somit in zwei Teile geteilt ist, wobei die Innenfläche des Tragringes mit der Innenfläche des Schneckenrohres fluchtet, sodass der durch die Speiche unterbrochene Ringspalt keine wesentliche Änderung des Förderquerschnittes bewirkt.The eccentric element can be formed on a support ring which is connected to the screw via a reinforced section of the screw flight forming a spoke. The support ring protrudes on all sides from the screw tube, which is thus divided into two parts, the inner surface of the support ring being flush with the inner surface of the screw tube, so that the annular gap interrupted by the spoke does not cause any significant change in the conveying cross section.

Weiters erweist es sich als vorteilhaft, wenn die Leiste sich über den letzten Schneckengang in das Mundstück erstreckt, sodass eine möglichst lange und vor allem auch in den Mundstückbereich wirksame achsparallele Führung des sich bildenden Stranges erzielt wird.Furthermore, it proves to be advantageous if the bar extends into the mouthpiece over the last screw flight, so that an axially parallel guidance of the strand that is formed, which is as effective as possible and above all in the mouthpiece area, is achieved.

Bei konstanter Ganghöhe wird eine progressive Verdichtung des Gutes erzielt, wenn ein Endabschnitt der Schnecke sich zum Mundstück hin verjüngt. Dies ermöglicht es für einen derartigen Endabschnitt einer Schnecke, jede Leiste an einer Seite am Schneckenrohr anzulenken und an der anderen Seite radial verschiebbar zu führen, wobei das Leistengelenk in axialer Richtung über den sich verjüngenden Endabschnitt der Schnekke nach aussen versetzt ist. Dadurch können alle Zähne der Leiste gleich tief zwischen die Schnekkengänge eindringen, da im unmittelbaren Bereich des Leistengelenkes, in dem der Ausschwenkweg nicht ausreichen würde, um die Passage eines Schneckenganges zu ermöglichen, der radiale Abstand zur Schnecke grösser ist, wenn das Leistengelenk einfülltrichterseitig vorgesehen ist bzw. mit axialem Abstand zum verjüngten Schneckenende liegt, wenn das Leistengelenk mundstückseitig vorgesehen ist.At constant pitch, progressive compaction of the crop is achieved when an end section of the screw tapers towards the mouthpiece. For such an end section of a worm, this makes it possible to link each ledge to the worm tube on one side and to guide it radially displaceably on the other side, the ledge joint being offset outwards in the axial direction via the tapered end section of the worm. As a result, all teeth of the bar can penetrate to the same depth between the screw flights, because in the immediate area of the bar joint, in which the swivel-out path would not be sufficient to allow passage of a screw flight, the radial distance to the screw is greater if the bar joint is provided on the funnel side or at an axial distance from the tapered screw end if the inguinal joint is provided on the mouthpiece side.

Nachstehend wird nun die Erfindung anhand der beiliegenden Zeichnungen näher beschrieben, ohne darauf beschränkt zu sein.The invention will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, without being limited thereto.

Es zeigen:

  • Fig. 1 eine schematische Ansicht eines Ausführungsbeispieles einer Schneckenpresse,
  • die Fig. 2 und 3 im Längsschnitt eine von den Patentansprüchen nicht umfasste Ausführung in zwei verschiedenen Stellungen zur Verdeutlichung des Eingriffs und Aussereingriffs der gezahnten Leisten, und
  • die Fig. 4 einen Schnitt nach der Linie IV-IV in Fig. 2.
Show it:
  • 1 is a schematic view of an embodiment of a screw press,
  • 2 and 3 in longitudinal section an embodiment not covered by the claims in two different positions to illustrate the engagement and disengagement of the toothed strips, and
  • 4 shows a section along the line IV-IV in FIG. 2nd

Schneckenpressen sind insbesondere für die Verdichtung von brennbaren Abfällen aller Art geeignet und weisen ein Schneckenrohr 1 mit einer Schnecke 6, einen Einfülltrichter 2 oberhalb des einen Endes der Schnecke 6 und ein Mundstück 3 auf, das sich am anderen Ende der Schnecke 6 an das Schneckenrohr 1 anschliesst. Die Schnecke 6 ist mit Schneckengängen 7 versehen, die im Bereich zwischen dem Einfülltrichter 2 und dem mundstückseitigen Ende eine flache Steigung aufweisen, während sie im Bereich des Einfülltrichters 2 wesentlich steiler ansteigen. Die über den Einfülltrichter 2 zugeführten Materialien, beispielsweise Kunststoff-, Karton- oder Holzverpackungen, Altpapier, Lebensmittelabfälle von Gewerbebetrieben, Rindenstücke, Sägespäne und Holzabfälle von Sägewerken, Stroh, Reisig und sonstige Abfälle aus der Landwirtschaft usw., werden nun im Schneckenrohr 1 durch die Schneckengänge 2 verdichtet und verlassen es als Strang durch das mit der Schneckenachse 12 koaxiale Mundstück 3. Dieser Strang zerbricht nach dem Verlassen der Schneckenpresse in handliche Teile bzw. wird gegebenenfalls auch in solche Teile geteilt, die eine transportfähige Festigkeit aufweisen und als Brennstoff mit einem mittleren bis hohen Heizwert eingesetzt werden können. Dieser liegt mit materialbedingten Schwankungen etwa in der Höhe des Braunkohlebriketts, wobei die Strangteile annähernd auch ähnliche Verbrennungseigenschaften aufweisen.Screw presses are particularly suitable for the compression of combustible waste of all kinds and have a screw tube 1 with a screw 6, a filling funnel 2 above one end of the screw 6 and a mouthpiece 3 which is connected to the screw tube 1 at the other end of the screw 6 connects. The screw 6 is provided with screw flights 7, which have a flat slope in the area between the filling funnel 2 and the mouth end, while they rise much steeper in the area of the filling funnel 2. The materials fed via the hopper 2, for example plastic, cardboard or wooden packaging, waste paper, food waste from commercial operations, pieces of bark, sawdust and wood waste from sawmills, straw, brushwood and other waste from agriculture etc. are now in the screw tube 1 by the Screw flights 2 compress and leave it as a strand through the mouthpiece 3 coaxial with the screw axis 12. This strand breaks after leaving the screw press into manageable parts or, if appropriate, is also divided into parts which have a transportable strength and as a medium fuel until high calorific value can be used. With material-related fluctuations, this lies approximately in the height of the lignite briquette, the strand parts also having approximately similar combustion properties.

Als Längsführung 9 für das zu verpressende Gut wird zumindest ein Paar von in Längsrichtung starren Leisten 14 vorgesehen, die zwischen die Schneckengänge 7 eingreifen und so, in Umfangsrichtung gesehen, einen Formschluss zwischen dem sich bildenden Strang und dem Schneckenrohr 1 ergeben. Jede Leiste 14 ist zu diesem Zweck mit Zähnen 8 bestückt und in einer Axialebene der Schneckenachse 12 beweglich ausgebildet, sodass es den wandernden Schneckengängen 7 ausweichen kann. Die Axialebene verläuft dabei durch Längsschlitze 4 in der Wandung des Schneckenrohres 1, durch die auch ausgepresste Flüssigkeit austreten kann, sodass die Leisten 14 aussen am Schneckenrohr 1 gelagert werden können. Durch die ständige Bewegung der Leisten 14 wird weiters jeder Längsschlitz 4 ständig freigehalten und dessen Verstopfung durch das Material, die den Flüssigkeitsaustritt unterbinden würde, vermieden. Die Schnecke 6 endet mundstückseitig mit Abstand vom Mundstück 3, und die Leisten 14 übertragen die Schnecke 6, sodass die Führungswirkung der Leisten 14 etwa unmittelbar bis zum Mundstück 3 erhalten bleibt.At least one pair of strips 14 which are rigid in the longitudinal direction are provided as the longitudinal guide 9 for the material to be pressed, which engage between the screw flights 7 and thus, seen in the circumferential direction, result in a positive fit between the strand which is being formed and the screw tube 1. For this purpose, each bar 14 is equipped with teeth 8 and is designed to be movable in an axial plane of the screw axis 12, so that it can avoid the migrating screw flights 7. The axial plane runs through longitudinal slots 4 in the wall of the screw tube 1, through which liquid which has been squeezed out can also escape, so that the strips 14 can be mounted on the outside of the screw tube 1. Due to the constant movement of the strips 14, each longitudinal slot 4 is also kept free and its clogging by the material, which would prevent the liquid from escaping. The screw 6 ends on the mouthpiece side at a distance from the mouthpiece 3, and the strips 14 transmit the screw 6, so that the guiding effect of the strips 14 is maintained approximately directly up to the mouthpiece 3.

Zur Erzielung eines höheren Entwässerungsgrades bei stark wasserhältigen Abfällen, beispielsweise bei Rindenstücken, die bisher bei der Brikettierung vorgetrocknet werden müssen, ist eine progressive Verdichtung des Materials notwendig. Diese könnte durch eine stetige Verringerung der Steigung der Schneckengänge 7 erzielt werden. Da es jedoch günstiger ist, die Steigung konstant zu halten, wird zumindest der Endabschnitt der Schnecke 6 zum Mundstück 3 hin verjüngt.A progressive compaction of the material is necessary in order to achieve a higher degree of drainage in the case of waste with a high water content, for example with pieces of bark that previously had to be pre-dried during briquetting. This could be achieved by continuously reducing the pitch of the screw flights 7. However, since it is cheaper to keep the slope constant, at least the end section of the screw 6 is tapered towards the mouthpiece 3.

Die Rückführung jeder Leiste 14 nach der Passage jedes Schneckenganges 7 kann durch ein exzentrisch umlaufendes Element, dessen Drehzahl gleich der Schneckendrehzahl ist, erzielt werden. Das exzentrische Element kann dabei durch eine Nockenscheibe oder Nockenwelle gebildet sein, die von aussen an der Leiste 14 anliegt, wobei die Nocke die Rückführung der Leiste 14 bewirkt. Beispielsweise könnte an jedem Ende jeder Leiste 14 eine derartige Nockenscheibe angeordnet werden.The return of each bar 14 after the passage of each worm gear 7 can be achieved by an eccentrically rotating element, the speed of which is equal to the worm speed. The eccentric element can be formed by a cam disk or camshaft which bears against the bar 14 from the outside, the cam causing the bar 14 to be returned. For example, such a cam could be arranged at each end of each bar 14.

In der gezeigten Ausführung ist das exzentrische Element 15 an einem Tragring 32 ausgebildet, der mit der Schnecke 6 verbunden ist. Das Schneckenrohr 1 ist in diesem Bereich unterbrochen, d.h. in zwei Teile geteilt, und der Tragring 32 ragt aus dem Förderraum der Schnecke 6 nach aussen vor. Die Innenfläche des Tragringes 32 fluchtet dabei mit der Innenwandung des Schneckenrohres 1 und die Verbindung zwischen dem Tragring 32 und der Schnecke 6 erfolgt über den verstärkten Abschnitt 33 des Schneckenganges 7, der demzufolge eine Art von Speiche bildet (Fig. 4), sodass der Förderquerschnitt nur geringfügig verkleinert ist. Auf dem exzentrischen Element 15 ist ein Wälzlager 17 angeordnet, das von einem Ring 16 umschlossen wird, von dem radial zwei Laschen 26 abstehen. Jede wird von einem Bolzen 25 lose durchsetzt, der an einer Leiste 14 vorgesehen ist. Der in die Lasche 26 ragende Bolzen 25 verhindert die Mitnahme des Ringes 16 bei der Drehung des exzentrischen Elementes 15, sodass der Ring 16 ohne Eigendrehung die Schneckenachse 12 exzentrisch umkreist. Da für die kreisende Bewegung des Ringes 16 ein zweiter Freiheitsgrad vorteilhaft ist, ist jede Lasche 26 um einen Achsbolzen 27 begrenzt verschwenkbar am Ring 16 angeordnet, der parallel zur Schnekkenachse 12 verläuft. Die Bewegung des exzentrischen Elementes 15 drückt daher die Leisten 14 und damit deren Zähne 8 wechselweise radial nach aussen und innen. Der zahnnahe Bereich jeder Leiste 14, kann, soweit er in den Längsschlitz 4 eingreift, mit die Reinigung des Längsschlitzes 4 unterstützenden Unebenheiten, wie Rippen, scharfkantigen Vorsprüngen od.dgl. versehen sein. Eine derartige Führung für die Leisten 14 kann an beiden Enden vorgesehen sein. Der Einfachheit halber ist jedoch bei einem sich verjüngenden Endabschnitt jede Leiste am oberen Ende, also mundstückseitig angelenkt, sodass ihre Bewegung eine Schwenkbewegung um die Gelenkachse 28 darstellt. Der Bolzen 25 ist demzufolge in der Lasche 26, wie erwähnt, mit etwas Spiel angeordnet und daher beweglich und längsverschiebbar, um die Schwenkbewegung nicht zu behindern. Die Zähne 8 sind an den beiden Leisten 14 gegenüberliegend angeordnet, wobei durch die jeweils halbe Versetzung der Schnekkengänge 7 die eine Leiste 14 (in Fig. 1 die obere) eingeschwenkt und die andere Leiste 14 ausgeschwenkt ist, deren Zähne 8 gerade von den Schneckengängen 7 passiert werden. Die Ausbildung eines exzentrischen Elementes 15 wäre nicht unbedingt erforderlich, da die beiden Leisten 14 einander zwangsführen und auf Grund der Drehung der Schnecke 6 die Schneckengänge 7 wechselweise die beiden Leisten 14, die in einer gemeinsamen Ebene verschiebbar sind, verdrängen.In the embodiment shown, the eccentric element 15 is formed on a support ring 32 which is connected to the screw 6. The screw tube 1 is interrupted in this area, ie divided into two parts, and the support ring 32 protrudes outwards from the delivery space of the screw 6. The inner surface of the support ring 32 is aligned with the inner wall of the worm tube 1 and the connection between the support ring 32 and the worm 6 takes place via the reinforced section 33 of the worm gear 7, which consequently forms a type of spoke (FIG. 4), so that the conveying cross section is only slightly reduced. On the eccentric element 15, a roller bearing 17 is arranged, which is surrounded by a ring 16, from which two tabs 26 protrude radially. Each is loosely penetrated by a bolt 25 which is provided on a bar 14. The bolt 25 protruding into the tab 26 prevents the ring 16 from being entrained when the eccentric element 15 is rotated, so that the ring 16 rotates eccentrically around the screw axis 12 without self-rotation. Since a second degree of freedom is advantageous for the circular movement of the ring 16, each tab 26 is arranged such that it can be pivoted to a limited extent about an axis bolt 27 on the ring 16, which runs parallel to the screw axis 12. The movement of the eccentric element 15 therefore presses the strips 14 and thus their teeth 8 alternately radially outwards and inwards. The area near the teeth of each ledge 14, as far as it engages in the longitudinal slot 4, with the cleaning of the longitudinal slot 4 supporting unevenness, such as ribs, sharp-edged projections or the like. be provided. Such a guide for the strips 14 can be provided at both ends. For the sake of simplicity, however, in the case of a tapering end section, each bar is articulated at the upper end, that is to say on the mouthpiece side, so that its movement represents a pivoting movement about the joint axis 28. The bolt 25 is consequently arranged in the bracket 26, as mentioned, with some play and is therefore movable and longitudinally displaceable in order not to hinder the pivoting movement. The teeth 8 are arranged opposite each other on the two strips 14, with the half-offset of the screw Kengänge 7 a bar 14 (the upper in Fig. 1) swung in and the other bar 14 is swung out, the teeth 8 are just passed by the worm gears 7. The formation of an eccentric element 15 would not be absolutely necessary, since the two strips 14 force each other and, due to the rotation of the screw 6, the screw flights 7 alternately displace the two strips 14, which can be moved in a common plane.

Es ist auch die Anordnung mehrerer über den Umfang verteilter Leisten 14 möglich.It is also possible to arrange a plurality of strips 14 distributed over the circumference.

Da im Verbindungsbereich zwischen dem Tragring 32 und der Schnecke 6 das zu verpressende Material zwangsläufig in Umfangsrichtung mitgenommen würde, ist ein weiterer Teil der Längsführung 9 in Form eines abgewinkelten Hebels 36 vorgesehen, der an einem schneckenrohrfesten, ein Aussenlager 34 für den Tragring 32 bildenden Teil der Schneckenpresse angelenkt ist. Der Hebel 36 erstreckt sich an der dem Einfülltrichter 2 zugewandten Seite des Tragringes 32 in einem weiteren Längsschlitz 4 der Wandung des Schnekkenrohres 1 und ist mit einem in den Zwischenraum 41 zwischen Tragring 32 und Schnecke 6 schwach geneigt zur Schneckenachse 12 eingreifenden Zahn 37 bestückt, der eine grosse Länge aufweist, da die Steigung der Schneckengänge 7 im Zuführbereich, wie erwähnt, hoch ist. Das andere Ende des Hebels 36 ist mit einem Längsschlitz versehen, durch den ein an der Lasche 26 vorgesehener Führungsstift ragt, wobei die Lasche 26 um den Achsbolzen 27 verschwenkbar ist. Zwischen dem Tragring 32 und dem Aussenlager 34 ist ein Walzlager 35 vorgesehen. Zwischen dem Tragring 32 und dem Schneckenrohr 1 ist beidseitig noch ein Ringspalt 40 vorgesehen, durch die ebenfalls ausgepresste Flüssigkeit austreten kann. Zur Reinigung der Ringspalte 40 ist, wie aus Fig. 4 ersichtlich, auch der benachbarte Bereich des exzentrischen Elementes 15 bzw. des Tragringes 32 mit Unebenheiten, wie scharfkantigen Rippen, oder Schneiden 39 versehen, die zusätzlich noch gebogen sein können.Since the material to be pressed would inevitably be taken along in the circumferential direction in the connection area between the support ring 32 and the screw 6, a further part of the longitudinal guide 9 is provided in the form of an angled lever 36 which is attached to a part which is fixed to the screw tube and forms an outer bearing 34 for the support ring 32 the screw press is articulated. The lever 36 extends on the side of the support ring 32 facing the filling funnel 2 in a further longitudinal slot 4 of the wall of the screw tube 1 and is equipped with a tooth 37 which engages in the space 41 between the support ring 32 and the screw 6 at a slightly inclined angle to the screw axis 12 has a great length since the slope of the screw flights 7 in the feed area is high, as mentioned. The other end of the lever 36 is provided with a longitudinal slot through which a guide pin provided on the tab 26 protrudes, the tab 26 being pivotable about the axle pin 27. A roller bearing 35 is provided between the support ring 32 and the outer bearing 34. Between the support ring 32 and the worm tube 1, an annular gap 40 is also provided on both sides, through which liquid which has also been squeezed out can escape. For cleaning the annular gaps 40, as can be seen from FIG. 4, the adjacent area of the eccentric element 15 or the support ring 32 is also provided with unevenness, such as sharp-edged ribs, or cutting edges 39, which can additionally be bent.

Fig. 2 zeigt im Längsschnitt die ausgeschwenkte Stellung der unteren Leiste 14, in der die Schneckengänge 7 unterhalb der Zähne 8 angeordnet sind und gleichzeitig der Hebel 36 mit dem Zahn 37 eingeschwenkt ist. Fig. 3 zeigt hingegen die eingeschwenkte Stellung der unteren Leiste 14, in der die Zähne 8 zwischen die Schneckengänge 7 eingreifen, sowie die ausgeschwenkte Stellung des Hebels 36, in der der Zahn 37 den Schneckengang 7 und den Abschnitt 33 passieren lässt. Die Zähne 8, 37 weisen vorzugsweise eine Länge auf, die etwa der halben Ganghöhe entspricht, sodass ein ausreichendes Spiel gegeben ist. Die Gelenkachse 28 ist näher beim Mundstück 3 angeordnet als das vordere Ende der Schnecke 6, sodass die Zähne 8 alle mit derselben Tiefe ausgebildet sein können, da beim ersten zwischen die beiden vordersten Schneckengänge 7 eingreifenden Zahn 8 bereits ein ausreichender Abstand zur Schnecke 8 erzielt wird, der den Durchgang des Schneckenganges 7 gestattet.Fig. 2 shows in longitudinal section the pivoted position of the lower bar 14, in which the screw flights 7 are arranged below the teeth 8 and at the same time the lever 36 is pivoted with the tooth 37. 3, on the other hand, shows the pivoted-in position of the lower bar 14, in which the teeth 8 engage between the worm threads 7, and the pivoted-out position of the lever 36, in which the tooth 37 allows the worm thread 7 and the section 33 to pass. The teeth 8, 37 preferably have a length which corresponds approximately to half the pitch, so that there is sufficient play. The hinge axis 28 is arranged closer to the mouthpiece 3 than the front end of the worm 6, so that the teeth 8 can all be of the same depth, since a sufficient distance from the worm 8 is already achieved with the first tooth 8 engaging between the two foremost worm threads 7 , which allows the passage of the worm gear 7.

Die gezeigte Anordnung bzw. Führung der Leiste 14 könnte auch umgekehrt sein, sodass die Gelenkachse 28 an der Seite des Einfülltrichters 2 und der Ring 16 und das exzentrische Element 15 mundstückseitig ist. Auch bei einer derartigen Ausführung treten keine Hindernisse bei der Schwenkbewegung auf, wenn die Gelenkachse 28 in bezug auf den sich verjüngenden Abschnitt der Schnecke 6 näher beim Einfülltrichter 2 angeordnet ist.The arrangement or guidance of the strip 14 shown could also be reversed, so that the hinge axis 28 on the side of the filling funnel 2 and the ring 16 and the eccentric element 15 are on the mouthpiece side. Even with such an embodiment, there are no obstacles to the pivoting movement if the hinge axis 28 is arranged closer to the filling funnel 2 with respect to the tapering section of the screw 6.

Claims (8)

1. A worm-drive press for the production of extruded pieces of pressed material, comprising an input hopper (2), a worm (6) and a worm tube (1) with an axial outlet (3), the wall of said worm tube being perforated to allow expressed liquid to escape, comprising a multipart serrated longitudinal guide element (9) for the extrudant (10), which extends through the wall, the teeth (8, 37) thereof engaging in the worm threads (7) and moving away from the threads in an axial plane on rotation of the worm (6), characterized in that the longitudinal guide element (9) has at least one pair of rails (14) which are provided with teeth (8) and acted upon alternately towards the worm axis (12), and which are arranged diametrically opposed and movably coupled in the axial plane so that an engaging movement of the teeth (8) of the first rail (4) effects a disengaging movement of the teeth (8) of the second rail (14) with the worm threads (7).
2. A worm-drive press according to claim 1, characterized in that the length of each tooth (8) corresponds maximally to the half distance between the associated pair of worm threads (7).
3. A worm-drive press according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the pair of rails (14) is connected at least on one side to a ring (16) that encircles the worm tube (1) at a distance and is guided so as to be displaceable parallel to the plane of the rails (14).
4. A worm-drive press according to one of claims 1 or 3, characterized in that each rail (14) is positively guided by means of an eccentrically rotating element (15), the rotational speeds of the eccentric element (15) and of the worm (6) being equal.
5. A worm-drive press according to claims 3 and 4, characterized in that the ring (16) is mounted through a roller bearing (7) on the eccentric element (15) which is arranged coaxially with the worm axis (12).
6. A worm-drive press according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the eccentric element (5) is formed on a carrier ring (32) that projects from the worm tube (1) and is connected to the worm (6) through a reinforced section (33) of the worm thread (7) that forms a spoke.
7. A worm-drive press according to claim 1, characterized in that the part of the rail (14) which moves in the region of the longitudinal slit (4) is provided with sharp-edged projections, raised portions, cutters.
8. A worm-drive press according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the rail (14) extends beyond the last worm thread (7) into the outlet (3).
EP83902419A 1982-09-16 1983-08-01 Extruding machine Expired EP0119208B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT346182A AT381472B (en) 1982-09-16 1982-09-16 SCREW PRESS
AT3461/82 1982-09-16
AT45583A ATA45583A (en) 1983-02-10 1983-02-10 EXTRUSION PRESS
AT455/83 1983-02-10
AT942/83 1983-03-17
AT94283 1983-03-17

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0119208A1 EP0119208A1 (en) 1984-09-26
EP0119208B1 true EP0119208B1 (en) 1988-03-30

Family

ID=27146311

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP83902419A Expired EP0119208B1 (en) 1982-09-16 1983-08-01 Extruding machine

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EP (1) EP0119208B1 (en)
AU (1) AU1824183A (en)
DE (1) DE3376102D1 (en)
IT (1) IT1193148B (en)
WO (1) WO1984001125A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3306270A1 (en) * 1983-02-23 1984-08-23 Spänex Sander GmbH + Co KG, 3418 Uslar BRiquette extrusion press and method and device for regulating the press pressure of the briquette extrusion press
ATE29690T1 (en) * 1983-03-17 1987-10-15 Raimund Falkner EXTRUSION.
CA1295179C (en) * 1988-02-19 1992-02-04 Douglas B. Brown Apparatus for feeding a mass of particulate or fibrous material
DE3831528A1 (en) * 1988-09-16 1990-03-29 Franz Haimer DEVICE FOR BRIQUETTING VEGETABLE GOODS, IN PARTICULAR HALM GOODS
US5302102A (en) * 1989-09-15 1994-04-12 Franz Haimer Equipment for briqueting vegetal material in particular stalk-plant materials
FR2658751B1 (en) * 1990-02-23 1992-08-07 Inst Francais Du Petrole DEVICE FOR PRE-TREATING PLASTIC WASTE BEFORE RECYCLING.
DE4011249A1 (en) * 1990-04-06 1991-10-10 Poettinger Alois Landmasch SCREW PRESS
GR1002459B (en) * 1995-09-19 1996-11-01 Continuous, composite high performance press for the separation of mixtures of liquids and solids.

Family Cites Families (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB190901034A (en) * 1908-01-16 1909-06-03 Jules Gustave Tirlicien Apparatus for the Treatment and Moulding of Peat and Plastic Matters.
FR542776A (en) * 1921-10-27 1922-08-21 Marmonier Fils Device for treading, draining and destemming grapes
FR29577E (en) * 1924-03-14 1925-08-27 Procedes Ind Candlot Soc D Exp Chip press
DE735471C (en) * 1935-10-25 1943-05-15 Ernst Bisterfeld Method and press for making tablets from plastics
DE814098C (en) * 1948-10-02 1951-09-20 Wilhelm Neuscheler Screw press
FR1189251A (en) * 1957-11-18 1959-10-01 Improved pressing of grape marc or any other material that can be pressed by a worm screw
GB904619A (en) * 1961-03-21 1962-08-29 Robert Desmond Parker Improvements in machines for consolidating granular or other material by extrusion
FR1401378A (en) * 1964-04-22 1965-06-04 Press for grapes and other pulpy materials
US4343233A (en) * 1980-03-31 1982-08-10 Burgin Kermit H Apparatus for producing and collecting a liquid extract and a dry by-product from a mash

Also Published As

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DE3376102D1 (en) 1988-05-05
IT8367958A0 (en) 1983-09-15
WO1984001125A1 (en) 1984-03-29
IT1193148B (en) 1988-06-02
EP0119208A1 (en) 1984-09-26
AU1824183A (en) 1984-04-04

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