EP0118333A1 - Switch device with insulating barrier introduced between the contacts when they open and with arc cutting means between the barrier and an insulating wall - Google Patents

Switch device with insulating barrier introduced between the contacts when they open and with arc cutting means between the barrier and an insulating wall Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0118333A1
EP0118333A1 EP84400204A EP84400204A EP0118333A1 EP 0118333 A1 EP0118333 A1 EP 0118333A1 EP 84400204 A EP84400204 A EP 84400204A EP 84400204 A EP84400204 A EP 84400204A EP 0118333 A1 EP0118333 A1 EP 0118333A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
screen
contacts
arc
housing
switch according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP84400204A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0118333B1 (en
Inventor
Elie Belbel
Christian Blanchard
André Haury
Michel Lauraire
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Telemecanique SA
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La Telemecanique Electrique SA
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Application filed by La Telemecanique Electrique SA filed Critical La Telemecanique Electrique SA
Priority to AT84400204T priority Critical patent/ATE22503T1/en
Publication of EP0118333A1 publication Critical patent/EP0118333A1/en
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Publication of EP0118333B1 publication Critical patent/EP0118333B1/en
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01HELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/30Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H9/32Insulating body insertable between contacts

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the extinction of the electric arc which arises when a circuit is opened by a switch device, operating on direct or alternating current.
  • low and medium voltage breaking devices ranging for example from 110 V to 5 KV
  • the discharge occurs in the air and more especially, those in which an electrically insulating screen is interposed between the contacts in order to favor the rapid extinction of the arc and to avoid its re-ignition.
  • limiters where the separation of the contacts is for example obtained by means of electrodynamic repulsion forces which are exerted in conductive portions of contact support when the current which crosses them exceeds a predetermined threshold
  • circuit breakers where contact separation is achieved by releasing accumulated mechanical energy or by magnetic energy developed by the short circuit, and even some contactors.
  • the screen subjected to a translation perpendicular to the direction of spacing of the contacts, does not come between the contact pads until after they have been separated from each other by the cooperation, with their support blades, of bosses with which it is provided.
  • the means for opening the contacts merges here with the means for propelling the screen and the latter must completely overcome the pressure for maintaining the contacts in the closed state. It necessarily follows that the interposition on the path of the arc of the screen thus braked in its translation occurs after a relatively long time, so that the arc will have had time to stabilize.
  • a blowing coil is also arranged in the vicinity of the contact pads to drive the arc thus formed towards a slot into which the edge of the screen penetrates.
  • the substantially complete shearing of the arc before it has had time to stabilize is obtained by controlling a sufficiently rapid movement of the screen by means of a member separate from the control member of separating the contacts and arranging the cooperating surfaces of the terminal edge of the screen and the wall insulating so that a substantially complete seal is obtained between them when the screen has come into abutment position against said wall.
  • the linear speed of movement of the screen is greater than 2m / s.
  • the screen is guided in its movement by a groove arranged to provide a lateral seal.
  • FIG. 1 to 4 there is shown a switch device comprising, housed in a housing 1, two contact supports 2 and 3 provided with contact pads 201 and 301 and able to pivot around two points 202-202 '. The latter is connected to a conductor 303 which leads to a connection terminal 304. A coil 4 is supplied from a connection terminal 204.
  • contact opening control lock 2-201 and 3-301.
  • these means will respond for example to a predetermined current overcurrent, corresponding to a short circuit and may be of different known types: thermal response members such as bimetallic strips, electromagnetic response members such as coils or electrodynamic response (repulsive forces exerted between the conductive supports of the contacts).
  • the front edge 601 of this screen is located a short distance dl behind the point of contact.
  • This screen is propelled forward by means which have been symbolized here by the coil 4 and a system of levers 401-402 connected to a plunger core 403 with which it is provided.
  • These means are, in the illustrated example, electromagnetic and actuated by the effect of the short-circuit current. However, they could be of various types: for example, armed spring triggered at the desired moment, or others.
  • these propellant means must be capable of communicating on the screen a considerable translation speed, at least equal to 2 m / s and which will often, in practice, be of the order of 10 to 20 m / s , as will be explained below.
  • the slot 603 communicates with the outside.
  • degassing means such as baffles 604 and channels 605 forming expansion chambers 606.
  • the distance d 2 between the point of contact of the pellets and the bottom of the slot is relatively small, so that the path of the arc which forms between the pellets is not considerably extended when the screen pushes it towards the slot.
  • the essential phenomenon is that the arc is completely sheared without ever having had time to stabilize and experience shows that this results in a growth of the arc voltage as brutal as that which occurs in a fuse, therefore an extremely rapid extinction and a considerable reduction (by a factor given as an indication of the order of 2 to 3) of the energy of the arc compared to what happens in the absence of this phenomenon of abrupt reduction of the section S of the arc to a practically zero value.
  • the front edge of the screen must have reached the appropriate speed when it touches the arc: this is why the distance d l mentioned above must have an appropriate value.
  • Another essential condition for producing the critical phenomenon of very rapid extinction of the arc by complete shear is that no escape route is offered to it; hence the importance of the sealing arrangements and low lateral clearance mentioned above.
  • the screen completely isolates the contact supports from one another, thus eliminating any risk of welding: this function of the screen is previously known.
  • the screen cannot be metallized by the arc and, consequently, the performance of the device will not be degraded by repetitive cuts. Such a device can thus be used even in contactors.
  • the degassing means are obviously intended to prevent an excessive increase in the pressure inside the arc chamber.
  • the device described can be the subject of very diverse applications and present a very wide variety of embodiments.
  • the receiving slot of the front edge of the screen may be eliminated in certain cases, the screen then abutting against a flat surface or otherwise shaped to ensure adequate mechanical contact, with sealing between the screen edge and said surface. Note, however, that the use of a slot, associated with degassing means, prevents the rebound of the screen which arrives at high speed on the wall.
  • the screen can receive different profiles and, for example, include, at its front edge, a blade of thinner thickness which extends it and comes into the slot.
  • Said blade can be located in the longitudinal plane of symmetry of the screen, as shown in FIG. 5, where there has been shown such a median blade, 607 on the lateral faces of which the contact pads 201 and 301 are in support in the closed state of the switch: the contact is then ensured by a conductive pad 608 incorporated in the blade 607. The cut is made when this pad has moved relative to the pads 201 and 301.
  • the device of Figure 5 also includes the same members, not shown, as that of Figures 1 to 4 and the contact supports 2 and 3 are pivotable.
  • FIG 22 there is shown a screen 6 in the form of a cylindrical crown guided by an insulating cylindrical column 6081 in which is embedded a fixed contact 3 which leads to a surface conductive pad 6080 in the form of a ring.
  • the front end of this column is integral with the wall 102 of the housing surrounded by a groove 1023 into which penetrates the front edge of the screen 6 when the latter is propelled by means not shown, at the time of pivoting of a movable contact 2 which deviates from the range 6080.
  • the screen 6 thus completely separates the two contacts from one another and the arc is throttled inside the groove 1023.
  • the latter communicates with degassing channels 605 on each side of the column 6081.
  • the blade 607a extends the base of the thick body of the screen and thus forms a stair step which enters the slot 603 and abuts (by the surface 6072a) against the wall 102 as indicated above.
  • the conductive pad 608a embedded in the blade is then connected to an electrical connection 609 embedded in the screen, to constitute the fixed contact.
  • the degassing channels are designated by 610.
  • the contact 2 pivots upwards while the pellet 608a undergoes a translation and is received in the slot 611.
  • FIG. 10 and 11 schematically illustrate an embodiment of the device of Figures 7 to 9, where the terminal part of the screen has a portion of smaller thickness 613 connected to the main body by an inclined ramp 614. This arrangement improves the shearing of the arc, the main body of the screen and the ramp then ensuring its stopping and the shoulder 6120 of FIG. 9 is unnecessary here.
  • a single screen, movable in translation parallel to the contact supports in their rest position and cooperating with an insulating surface shears the arc by shearing perpendicular to its natural path, or more or less oblique to said path, but, in any case, not tangential.
  • This same type of shearing can be obtained with completely different structures of the screen and the insulating surface and different movements of a translation.
  • FIG. 12 to 14 a device comprising two screens 6a and 6b movable in translation relative to the housing 1 and whose opposite end portions have a complementary shape, so that the front edge of the thin screen 6b will come, at the end of the open position of the pivoting contacts 2-3, engage to the bottom of the narrow open housing 600a of the screen 6a.
  • the contacts 2 and 3 are separated and arranged on either side of the end of the two terminal portions, nested one inside the other, of the two screens, so well that the housing is divided into two sealed chambers with respect to one another (the screens sliding, for this purpose, in appropriate grooves in the housing).
  • a means of propelling the screens comprising two pivoting levers 601a and 601b, normally returned to the separated position by respective springs 602a and 602b and which approach each other under the action of two magnetic cores 603a, 603b controlled by a coil 625, until they come into contact with each other.
  • At least one of the contacts is pivotable or moves away elastically to let the screen pass.
  • FIGS. 15 and 16 show a comb screen structure intended to be interposed between fixed contacts such as 20-21 and contacts such as 30-31 movable by translation perpendicular to the screen.
  • This structure makes it possible to produce devices with multiple contact couples (mobile contact bridge 3).
  • Each tooth of the comb that forms the screen is guided by its lateral edges in grooves such as 622-623 formed in partitions arranged in the housing 1.
  • the bottom of the intervals 624 between fingers stops the screen by abutting against narrow parts 100 of these partitions.
  • FIGS. 17 and 18 An axis 616 whose ends rotate in two walls of the housing 1 supports a stirrup 617 whose legs 6170-6171 carry a screen 6 in the form of a portion of cylindrical crown capable of moving in a groove 620 the bottom of which communicates with the outside via vents such as 621.
  • the propulsion of the assembly is ensured by a spring hairspring 619 pre-armed and triggered by means symbolically shown at 40.
  • the movable contact 22 is pivotally mounted about an axis 220 parallel to the axis 616 and which also pivots in two _walls of the housing. The end of the contact 22 enters the groove when the screen is in the rest position to come, in the closed position shown, in contact with the fixed contact 3.
  • FIGs 19 to 21 there is shown a device composed of two screens 6c and 6d which is interposed between two contacts 2 and 3, which, when the complete device is opened, (not shown) move apart. one of the other perpendicular to the screens.
  • Each screen has two integral parts, each a little smaller than a semicircle, namely an external part and a base. The latter has a pivot axis, such as 6000a, fixed to the housing, not shown, of the device.
  • a ring 40 itself mounted in the housing so as to be able to turn on itself when it is actuated by a non-illustrated propellant means, comprises two diametrically opposed pins 401 and 402 which are respectively engaged in notches 403 and 404 contained in the respective external parts of the two screens.
  • the rotation of the ring therefore has the effect of rotating each of the two screens around an eccentric fixed axis.

Landscapes

  • Arc-Extinguishing Devices That Are Switches (AREA)
  • Push-Button Switches (AREA)
  • Switch Cases, Indication, And Locking (AREA)
  • Switches With Compound Operations (AREA)
  • Oscillators With Electromechanical Resonators (AREA)
  • Road Signs Or Road Markings (AREA)
  • Refuge Islands, Traffic Blockers, Or Guard Fence (AREA)
  • Saccharide Compounds (AREA)
  • Glass Compositions (AREA)
  • Circuit Breakers (AREA)
  • Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
  • Switches That Are Operated By Magnetic Or Electric Fields (AREA)
  • Air Bags (AREA)
  • Breakers (AREA)
  • Driving Mechanisms And Operating Circuits Of Arc-Extinguishing High-Tension Switches (AREA)

Abstract

A switch device is provided comprising means for controlling the separation of the contacts and for inserting an electrically insulating screen between the contacts during opening thereof, said screen cooperating with an electrically insulating surface formed by one of the walls of a substantially closed arc chamber, for shearing the arc between the contacts, the control of the movement of the screen being obtained by propulsion means essentially separate from those causing the separation of the contacts, while the whole is arranged so that substantially complete shearing of the arc is obtained before it has had time to stabilize itself, substantially total sealing being obtained between the screen and said surface when they are in abutment.

Description

L'invention se rapporte à l'extinction de l'arc électrique qui prend naissance lors de l'ouverture d'un circuit par un dispositif interrupteur, fonctionnant en courant continu ou alternatif.The invention relates to the extinction of the electric arc which arises when a circuit is opened by a switch device, operating on direct or alternating current.

Elle concerne plus particulièrement les appareils de coupure de basse et de moyenne tension (allant par exemple de 110 V à 5 KV) dans lesquels la décharge se produit dans l'air et plus spécialement, ceux dans lesquels un écran isolant électriquement est interposé entre les contacts dans le but de favoriser l'extinction rapide de l'arc et d'éviter son réamorçage.It relates more particularly to low and medium voltage breaking devices (ranging for example from 110 V to 5 KV) in which the discharge occurs in the air and more especially, those in which an electrically insulating screen is interposed between the contacts in order to favor the rapid extinction of the arc and to avoid its re-ignition.

Ces appareils comportent : les limiteurs, où la séparation des contacts est par exemple obtenue au moyen de forces de répulsion électrodynamiques qui s'exercent dans des portions conductrices de support des contacts lorsque le courant qui les traverse dépasse un seuil prédéterminé, d'autres types de disjoncteurs, où la séparation des contacts est obtenue par libération d'une énergie mécanique accumulée ou par une énergie magnétique développée par le court-circuit, et même certains contacteurs.These devices include: limiters, where the separation of the contacts is for example obtained by means of electrodynamic repulsion forces which are exerted in conductive portions of contact support when the current which crosses them exceeds a predetermined threshold, other types circuit breakers, where contact separation is achieved by releasing accumulated mechanical energy or by magnetic energy developed by the short circuit, and even some contactors.

Dans l'art antérieur, la technique de coupure faisait principalement appel, dans le domaine susvisé, à un effet d'allongement de l'arc.In the prior art, the cutting technique mainly used, in the aforementioned field, an arc elongation effect.

Or la .tension d'arc que l'on fait croître le plus possible pour provoquer l'extinction dépend, non seulement de sa longueur, mais du champ électrique, lequel est proportionnel à l'intensité du courant et inversement proportionnel, d'une part à la conductivité, d'autre part à la section de l'arc. Ce dernier facteur n'a pas été utilisé jusqu'ici de manière systématique-avec des mesures appropriées qui permettent de le maîtriser, dans le but d'augmenter la tension d'arc.Now the arc voltage which is made to grow as much as possible to cause extinction depends, not only on its length, but on the electric field, which is proportional to the intensity of the current and inversely proportional, of a part to the conductivity, on the other hand to the section of the arc. This latter factor has so far not been used systematically - with appropriate measures which allow it to be controlled, with the aim of increasing the arc voltage.

La Demanderesse a découvert que l'on obtient une extinction beaucoup plus rapide de l'arc, si, toutes choses égales par ailleurs, on réalise un cisaillement pratiquement complet de celui-ci entre l'écran et une paroi électriquement isolante avec laquelle il coopère, à la condition expresse que l'écran se déplace à une vitesse suffisante pour déstabiliser continuellement l'arc dès sa naissance et jusqu'au moment effectif du cisaillement, et que la chambre de coupure soit agencée de manière à n'offrir aucun chemin de fuite pour l'arc, en dehors du chemin le long duquel s'opère la déstabilisation. Lorsque ces conditions sont remplies, la tension d'arc subit une croissance pratiquement aussi rapide que dans un fusible.The Applicant has discovered that a much faster extinction of the arc is obtained, if, all other things being equal, there is practically complete shearing of the latter between the screen and an electrically insulating wall with which it cooperates. , on the express condition that the screen moves at a sufficient speed to continuously destabilize the arc from its birth and until the effective moment of shearing, and that the breaking chamber is arranged so as to offer no path of flight for the arc, outside the path along which the destabilization takes place. When these conditions are met, the arc voltage grows almost as fast as in a fuse.

Selon le brevet DT N° 84 9138, déposé le 8 Juillet 1949, deux volets pivotants se rabattent vers une paroi centrale avec laquelle ils viennent en contact de façon à interposer un obstacle sur les trajets de l'arc entre deux couples de contacts respectifs. Toutefois, après séparation, l'agencement est tel que les volets prennent leur position rabattue en un temps égal au temps d'ouverture des contacts, lequel est au surplus relativement long, du fait que cette ouverture est commandée par des moyens mécaniques. L'arc peut donc se stabiliser et il n'est ni indiqué, ni probable, que son extinction soit provoquée par l'interposition ultérieure de l'écran, plutôt que par le passage du courant par zéro. Ce dispositif semble en fait destiné à empêcher un réarmorçage de l'arc ; avant l'extinction de l'arc, celui-ci est en contact avec l'écran pendant un temps relativement long, d'où il résulte qu'un risque important de métallisation de l'écran par l'arc existe. En outre, l'étranglement n'est pas complètement assuré et les chemins de fuite ne sont pas évités ; enfin l'ensemble de la structure n'est ni fiable, ni susceptible de permettre un fonctionnement efficace et de longue durée.According to patent DT No. 84 9138, filed on July 8, 1949, two pivoting flaps fold back towards a central wall with which they come into contact so as to interpose an obstacle on the paths of the arc between two pairs of respective contacts. However, after separation, the arrangement is such that the flaps take their folded position in a time equal to the contact opening time, which is also relatively long, because this opening is controlled by mechanical means. The arc can therefore stabilize and it is neither indicated nor probable, that its extinction is caused by the subsequent interposition of the screen, rather than by the passage of current through zero. This device seems in fact intended to prevent a rearming of the arc; before the arc goes out, it is in contact with the screen for a relatively long time long, from which it follows that a significant risk of metallization of the screen by the arc exists. In addition, strangulation is not completely ensured and escape routes are not avoided; finally, the entire structure is neither reliable nor likely to allow efficient and long-term operation.

Selon la demande de brevet publiée DT 1010618, déposée le 21 Janvier 1952, l'écran, soumis à une translation perpendiculaire à la direction d'écartement des contacts, ne s'interpose entre les pastilles de contact qu'après que celles-ci ont été écartées l'une de l'autre par la coopération, avec leurs lames de support, de bossages dont il est muni. Le moyen d'ouverture des contacts se confond ici avec le moyen de propulsion de l'écran et ce dernier doit vaincre entièrement la pression de maintien des contacts à l'état fermé. Il en résulte nécessairement que l'interposition sur le trajet de l'arc de l'écran ainsi freiné dans sa translation se produit au bout d'un temps relativement long, si bien que l'arc aura eu le temps de se stabiliser. Une bobine de soufflage est d'ailleurs disposée au voisinage des pastilles de contacts pour chasser l'arc ainsi formé vers une fente dans laquelle pénètre le bord de l'écran.According to the published patent application DT 1010618, filed on January 21, 1952, the screen, subjected to a translation perpendicular to the direction of spacing of the contacts, does not come between the contact pads until after they have been separated from each other by the cooperation, with their support blades, of bosses with which it is provided. The means for opening the contacts merges here with the means for propelling the screen and the latter must completely overcome the pressure for maintaining the contacts in the closed state. It necessarily follows that the interposition on the path of the arc of the screen thus braked in its translation occurs after a relatively long time, so that the arc will have had time to stabilize. A blowing coil is also arranged in the vicinity of the contact pads to drive the arc thus formed towards a slot into which the edge of the screen penetrates.

L'étranglement de l'arc n'intervient ainsi qu'après qu'il a subi un allongement important et tout le dispositif est logé dans une chambre étanche très résistante, pour qu'il se crée une surpression : ces deux facteurs (allongement et surpression) contribuent à augmenter la tension d'arc ; en ce qui concerne l'étranglement, il n'est ni indiqué, ni probable qu'il soit complet et qu'il constitue un facteur notable contribuant à l'extinction.The constriction of the arc only intervenes after it has undergone a significant elongation and the whole device is housed in a very resistant sealed chamber, so that it creates an overpressure: these two factors (elongation and overpressure) contribute to increasing the arc voltage; with regard to strangulation, it is neither indicated nor probable that it is complete and that it constitutes a significant factor contributing to extinction.

Suivant l'invention, le cisaillement sensiblement complet de l'arc avant qu'il ait eu le temps de se stabiliser est obtenu en commandant un déplacement suffisamment rapide de l'écran au moyen d'un organe distinct de l'organe de commande de la séparation des contacts et en agençant les surfaces coopérantes du bord terminal de l'écran et de la paroi isolante de manière telle qu'une étanchéité sensiblement complète soit obtenue entre elles lorsque l'écran est venu en position de butée contre ladite paroi.According to the invention, the substantially complete shearing of the arc before it has had time to stabilize is obtained by controlling a sufficiently rapid movement of the screen by means of a member separate from the control member of separating the contacts and arranging the cooperating surfaces of the terminal edge of the screen and the wall insulating so that a substantially complete seal is obtained between them when the screen has come into abutment position against said wall.

Suivant un mode d'exécution préféré, la vitesse linéaire de déplacement de l'écran est supérieure à 2m/s.According to a preferred embodiment, the linear speed of movement of the screen is greater than 2m / s.

Suivant un autre aspect de l'invention, l'écran est guidé dans son déplacement par une rainure agencée pour réaliser une étanchéité latérale.According to another aspect of the invention, the screen is guided in its movement by a groove arranged to provide a lateral seal.

D'autres particularités, ainsi que les avantages de l'invention, appaîtront clairement à la lumière de la description ci-après.Other features, as well as the advantages of the invention, will become apparent in the light of the description below.

Au dessin annexé :

  • la figure 1 est un schéma de principe, vu en coupe longitudinale par le plan médian I-I de la figure 2, d'un dispositif interrupteur faisant application de l'invention, en position de fermeture des contacts.
  • la figure 2 est une coupe selon II-II de la figure 1 ;
  • la figure 3 est une vue partielle, à échelle plus grande, représentant les contacts ouverts ;
  • la figure 4 est une coupe par IV-IV de la figure 3 ;
  • la figure 5 représente schématiquement et partiellement un mode d'exécution dans lequel l'écran est prolongé par une lame médiane dans laquelle est noyée une pastille conductrice ;
  • la figure 6 est une vue en perspective, partiellement éclatée, d'un dispositif interrupteur à un seul contact mobile, avec un écran en marche d'escalier.
  • la figure 7 est une vue en perspective, partiellement éclatée, d'un dispositif interrupteur dans lequel le contact non pivotant est noyé dans l'écran ;
  • la figure 8 est une coupe longitudinale de ce dispositif interrupteur ;
  • la figure 9 est une coupe suivant IX-IX de la figure 8 ;
  • les figures 10 et 11 représentent une variante de la figure 8 ;
  • les figures 12 et 14 représentent schématiquement et partiellement un dispositif interrupteur comportant deux écrans à engagement mutuel ;
  • la figure 13 est une coupe transversale de l'extrémité de l'écran 6a, selon XIII-XIII de la figure 12 et d'une coupe partielle du boîtier ;
  • les figures 15 et 16 illustrent un mode d'exécution dans lequel l'écran a la forme d'un peigne ;
  • les figures 17 et 18 représentent un dispositif interrupteur dans lequel l'écran subit une translation circulaire, vu, à la figure 17, en coupe selon XVII-XVII de la figure 18 ;
  • les figures 19 à 21 représentent un dispositif à deux écrans en forme de demi-disques pivotants ; et
  • la figure 22 représente une variante où l'écran a la forme d'une couronne cylindrique.
In the attached drawing:
  • Figure 1 is a block diagram, seen in longitudinal section through the median plane II of Figure 2, of a switching device applying the invention, in the closed position of the contacts.
  • Figure 2 is a section on II-II of Figure 1;
  • Figure 3 is a partial view, on a larger scale, showing the open contacts;
  • Figure 4 is a section through IV-IV of Figure 3;
  • FIG. 5 schematically and partially represents an embodiment in which the screen is extended by a central strip in which a conductive patch is embedded;
  • Figure 6 is a perspective view, partially exploded, of a switch device with a single movable contact, with a screen running stairs.
  • Figure 7 is a partially exploded perspective view of a switch device in which the non-pivoting contact is embedded in the screen;
  • Figure 8 is a longitudinal section of this switch device;
  • Figure 9 is a section along IX-IX of Figure 8;
  • Figures 10 and 11 show a variant of Figure 8;
  • Figures 12 and 14 schematically and partially show a switch device comprising two screens with mutual engagement;
  • Figure 13 is a cross section of the end of the screen 6a, according to XIII-XIII of Figure 12 and a partial section of the housing;
  • Figures 15 and 16 illustrate an embodiment in which the screen has the shape of a comb;
  • Figures 17 and 18 show a switch device in which the screen undergoes a circular translation, seen in Figure 17, in section along XVII-XVII of Figure 18;
  • Figures 19 to 21 show a device with two screens in the form of pivoting half-discs; and
  • Figure 22 shows a variant where the screen has the shape of a cylindrical crown.

Aux figures 1 à 4, on a représenté un dispositif interrupteur comportant, logés dans un boîtier 1, deux supports de contacts 2 et 3 munis de pastilles de contact 201 et 301 et aptes à pivoter autour de deux points 202-202'. Ce dernier est relié à un conducteur 303 qui aboutit à une borne de connexion 304. Une bobine 4 est alimentée à partir d'une borne de connexion 204.In Figures 1 to 4, there is shown a switch device comprising, housed in a housing 1, two contact supports 2 and 3 provided with contact pads 201 and 301 and able to pivot around two points 202-202 '. The latter is connected to a conductor 303 which leads to a connection terminal 304. A coil 4 is supplied from a connection terminal 204.

On a symbolisé en 5 des moyens que pour la commodité, on appellera ci-après "serrure de commande de l'ouverture des contacts" 2-201 et 3-301. Pour un appareil disjoncteur, ces moyens répondront par exemple à une surintensité de courant prédéterminée, correspondant à un court-circuit et pourront être de différents types connus : organes à réponse thermique tels que bilames, organes à réponse électromagnétique tels que bobines ou à réponse électrodynamique (forces de répulsion s'exerçant entre les supports conducteurs des contacts).We have symbolized in 5 means that for convenience, we will call hereinafter "contact opening control lock" 2-201 and 3-301. For a circuit breaker device, these means will respond for example to a predetermined current overcurrent, corresponding to a short circuit and may be of different known types: thermal response members such as bimetallic strips, electromagnetic response members such as coils or electrodynamic response (repulsive forces exerted between the conductive supports of the contacts).

Un écran 6 en matière électriquement isolante et, avantageusement, bonne conductrice de la chaleur est disposé entre les supports de contacts 2-3 et parallèle à ceux-ci lorsqu'ils sont au repos. Le bord avant 601 de cet écran est situé à une faible distance dl à l'arrière du point de contact. Cet écran est propulsé vers l'avant par des moyens qui ont été symbolisés ici par la bobine 4 et un système de leviers 401-402 reliés à un noyau plongeur 403 dont elle est munie. Ces moyens sont, dans l'exemple figuré, électromagnétiques et actionnés par l'effet du courant de court-circuit. Cependant, ils pourraient être de types variés : par exemple, ressort armé déclenché à l'instant voulu, ou autres.A screen 6 of electrically insulating material and, advantageously, a good conductor of heat, is disposed between the contact supports 2-3 and parallel to them when they are at rest. The front edge 601 of this screen is located a short distance dl behind the point of contact. This screen is propelled forward by means which have been symbolized here by the coil 4 and a system of levers 401-402 connected to a plunger core 403 with which it is provided. These means are, in the illustrated example, electromagnetic and actuated by the effect of the short-circuit current. However, they could be of various types: for example, armed spring triggered at the desired moment, or others.

Il convient toutefois de souligner que ces moyens propulseurs doivent être aptes à communiquer à l'écran une vitesse de translation considérable, au moins égale à 2m/s et qui sera souvent, èn pratique, de l'ordre de 10 à 20 m/s, comme on l'expliquera dans la suite. Cela implique nécessairement que le mouvement de l'écran ne soit pas sensiblement freiné par les contacts et que l'écran ne soit donc pas utilisé pour assurer l'ouverture par une action mécanique qu'il exercerait sur eux pour vaincre leur pression de maintien à l'état fermé ; le mouvement de l'écran ne doit pas non plus être dépendant de l'ouverture complète des contacts, car il doit s'interposer entre eux dès que l'arc a commencé à s'amorcer, pour assurer sa déstabilisation. C'est pourquoi il est nécessaire que la serrure et les moyens propulseurs soient essentiellement distincts. Il est cependant possible que l'écran, dont le mouvement est très rapide, vienne frapper contre les pastilles de contacts avant que celles-ci n'aient eu le temps de se séparer et exerce sur les contacts une action de déverrouillage de leurs organes propulseurs : l'essentiel est que cette action ne concerne que le déclenchement, le mouvement des contacts étant ensuite indépendant de celui de l'écran.It should however be emphasized that these propellant means must be capable of communicating on the screen a considerable translation speed, at least equal to 2 m / s and which will often, in practice, be of the order of 10 to 20 m / s , as will be explained below. This necessarily implies that the movement of the screen is not significantly slowed down by the contacts and that the screen is therefore not used to ensure opening by a mechanical action that it would exert on them to overcome their pressure to maintain the closed state; the movement of the screen must also not be dependent on the complete opening of the contacts, since it must be interposed between them as soon as the arc has started to strike, to ensure its destabilization. This is why it is necessary for the lock and the propellant means to be essentially separate. It is however possible that the screen, whose movement is very rapid, comes to strike against the contact pads before they have had time to separate and exerts on the contacts an unlocking action of their propellants : the main thing is that this action only concerns tripping, the movement of the contacts then being independent of that of the screen.

A la figure 2, où certains organes ont été omis pour simplifier, on voit que les bords latéraux de l'écran sont guidés dans des rainures 602-602a ménagées dans la paroi du boîtier dans un plan perpendiculaire au logement parallélépipédique 101 qui contient les contacts, le propulseur et la serrure. Une fois que l'écran a pénétré dans la fente 603 ménagée dans la paroi avant 102 qui délimite ce logement et prolonge le logement de l'écran, il est clair que grâce à la présence des cloisons obliques isolantes 2020 et 3030, le volume interne du boîtier est partagé en deux chambres entre lesquelles l'air ne peut passer que par le jeu latéral qui existe entre l'écran et les rainures, le bord 601 venant en butée complète au fond de la fente 603. Il importe que ce jeu latéral soit très faible, par exemple inférieur à 1/5 de l'épaiseur e des rainures. A titre d'exemple, le jeu sera inférieur à 2/10 mm.In FIG. 2, where certain members have been omitted for simplicity, it can be seen that the lateral edges of the screen are guided in grooves 602-602a formed in the wall of the case in a plane perpendicular to the parallelepiped housing 101 which contains the contacts , the propellant and the lock. Once the screen has penetrated into the slot 603 formed in the front wall 102 which delimits this housing and extends the housing of the screen, it is clear that thanks to the presence of the oblique insulating partitions 2020 and 3030, the internal volume of the housing is divided into two chambers between which the air can only pass through the lateral clearance which exists between the screen and the grooves, the edge 601 coming into full abutment at the bottom of the slot 603. It is important that this lateral clearance or very weak, for example less than 1/5 of the thickness and of the grooves. For example, the play will be less than 2/10 mm.

La fente 603 communique avec l'extérieur.par des moyens de dégazage, tels que des chicanes 604 et des canaux 605 formant des chambres d'expansion 606.The slot 603 communicates with the outside. By degassing means, such as baffles 604 and channels 605 forming expansion chambers 606.

La distance d2 entre le point de contact des pastilles et le fond de la fente est relativement faible, si bien que le trajet de l'arc qui se forme entre les pastilles n'est pas considérablement allongé lorsque l'écran vient le repousser vers la fente. Le phénomène essentiel est que l'arc est complètement cisaillé sans avoir jamais eu le temps de se stabiliser et l'expérience montre qu'il en résulte une croissance de la tension d'arc aussi brutale que celle qui se produit dans un fusible, donc une extinction extrêmement rapide et une réduction considérable (par un facteur donné à titre indicatif de l'ordre de 2 à 3) de l'énergie de l'arc par rapport à ce qui se passe en l'absence de ce phénomène de réduction brutale de la section S de l'arc à une valeur pratiquement nulle.The distance d 2 between the point of contact of the pellets and the bottom of the slot is relatively small, so that the path of the arc which forms between the pellets is not considerably extended when the screen pushes it towards the slot. The essential phenomenon is that the arc is completely sheared without ever having had time to stabilize and experience shows that this results in a growth of the arc voltage as brutal as that which occurs in a fuse, therefore an extremely rapid extinction and a considerable reduction (by a factor given as an indication of the order of 2 to 3) of the energy of the arc compared to what happens in the absence of this phenomenon of abrupt reduction of the section S of the arc to a practically zero value.

On sait que la tension d'arc est égale au produit du champ électrique E par la longueur d'arc i, d'où :

  • El = RaI, I étant le courant et Ra la résistance d'arc, elle-même égale à ℓ/σS, α étant la conductivité de l'arc.
We know that the arc voltage is equal to the product of the electric field E by the arc length i, hence:
  • El = R a I, I being the current and Ra the arc resistance, itself equal to ℓ / σS, α being the conductivity of the arc.

On en déduit : E = I/aS, d'où il résulte qu'il est possible d'augmenter E, donc la tension d'arc, en réduisant la section S. Suivant l'invention, S est pratiquement réduite à zéro, si bien que E devient très important, d'où la montée extrêmement rapide de la tension d'arc.We deduce: E = I / aS, from which it follows that it is possible to increase E, therefore the arc voltage, by reducing the section S. According to the invention, S is practically reduced to zero, so that E becomes very important, hence the extremely rapid rise of the arc voltage.

Ce résultat n'est obtenu que si le cisaillement est pratiquement complet, d'où la nécessité de faire buter le bord avant de l'écran contre une surface isolante avec laquelle le contact mécanique sera aussi bon que possible : entre le cisaillement complet et le simple laminage de l'arc, la différence est absolument critique.This result is only obtained if the shear is practically complete, hence the need to make the front edge of the screen abut against an insulating surface with which the mechanical contact will be as good as possible: between the complete shear and the simple arc rolling, the difference is absolutely critical.

Il est essentiel que l'arc n'ait pas le temps de se stabiliser entre les contacts, car il provoquerait plus ou moins rapidement leur détérioration ; l'expérience a montré que ce résultat est obtenu si la vitesse de déplacement de l'écran dépasse 2 m/s et est de préférence de l'ordre de 10 m/s. On notera qu'une vitesse trop grande (par exemple, supérieure à 20 m/s) entraînerait une dérivée de puissance trop élevée, avec la génération d'ondes de choc susceptibles de faire exploser le boîtier. Il est évident que les limites de vitesse dépendent de multiples facteurs : intensité du courant présumé, volume de la chambre d'arc, etc.; mais, dans chaque application, on pourra arriver à maîtriser la vitesse et à déterminer sa valeur optimale, pourvu que les moyens propulseurs de l'écran soient, comme on l'a expliqué ci-dessus, essentiellement distincts de la serrure.It is essential that the arc does not have time to stabilize between the contacts, because it would more or less quickly cause their deterioration; experience has shown that this result is obtained if the speed of movement of the screen exceeds 2 m / s and is preferably of the order of 10 m / s. It will be noted that a too high speed (for example, greater than 20 m / s) would cause a derivative of too high power, with the generation of shock waves liable to explode the housing. It is obvious that speed limits depend on multiple factors: intensity of presumed current, volume of the arc chamber, etc .; but, in each application, it will be possible to control the speed and determine its optimum value, provided that the propellants of the screen are, as explained above, essentially distinct from the lock.

Il faut que le bord avant de l'écran ait atteint la vitesse appropriée lorsqu'il touche l'arc : c'est pourquoi la distance dl mentionnée ci-dessus doit avoir une valeur appropriée.The front edge of the screen must have reached the appropriate speed when it touches the arc: this is why the distance d l mentioned above must have an appropriate value.

Une autre condition essentielle de production du phénomène critique d'extinction très rapide de l'arc par cisaillement complet est qu'aucun chemin de fuite ne lui soit offert ; d'où l'importance des dispositions d'étanchéité et de faible jeu latéral mentionnées ci-dessus.Another essential condition for producing the critical phenomenon of very rapid extinction of the arc by complete shear is that no escape route is offered to it; hence the importance of the sealing arrangements and low lateral clearance mentioned above.

On notera que, dans la structure décrite ci-dessus, l'écran isole complètement les supports de contact l'un de l'autre, supprimant ainsi tout risque de soudure : cette fonction de l'écran est antérieurement connue.It will be noted that, in the structure described above, the screen completely isolates the contact supports from one another, thus eliminating any risk of welding: this function of the screen is previously known.

Compte tenu de la rapidité de l'extinction, l'écran ne pourra être métallisé par l'arc et, par conséquent, les performances de l'appareil ne seront pas dégradées par des coupures répétitives. Un tel dispositif peut ainsi être utilisé même dans des contacteurs.Given the speed of extinction, the screen cannot be metallized by the arc and, consequently, the performance of the device will not be degraded by repetitive cuts. Such a device can thus be used even in contactors.

Les moyens de dégazage sont évidemment destinés à empêcher une augmentation excessive de la pression à l'intérieur de la chambre d'arc.The degassing means are obviously intended to prevent an excessive increase in the pressure inside the arc chamber.

Le dispositif décrit peut faire l'objet d'applications très diverses et présenter une très grande variété de formes d'exécution.The device described can be the subject of very diverse applications and present a very wide variety of embodiments.

La fente réceptrice du bord avant de l'écran pourra être supprimée dans certains cas, l'écran venant alors en butée contre une surface plane ou autrement conformée pour assurer un contact mécanique adéquat, avec étanchéité entre le bord d'écran et ladite surface. On notera toutefois que l'utilisation d'une fente, associée à des moyens de dégazage, permet d'éviter le rebondissement de l'écran qui arrive à grande vitesse sur la paroi.The receiving slot of the front edge of the screen may be eliminated in certain cases, the screen then abutting against a flat surface or otherwise shaped to ensure adequate mechanical contact, with sealing between the screen edge and said surface. Note, however, that the use of a slot, associated with degassing means, prevents the rebound of the screen which arrives at high speed on the wall.

L'écran peut recevoir différents profils et, par exemple, comporter, à son bord avant, une lame de plus faible épaisseur qui le prolonge et vient pénétrer dans la fente. Ladite lame peut être située dans le plan de symétrie longitudinal de l'écran, comme représenté à la figure 5, où l'on a figuré une telle lame médiane, 607 sur les faces latérales de-laquelle les pastilles de contact 201 et 301 sont en appui à l'état fermé de l'interrupteur : le contact est alors assuré par une pastille conductrice 608 incorporée à la lame 607. La coupure se fait lorsque cette pastille s'est déplacée par rapport aux pastilles 201 et 301. A la fin du mouvement de coupure, il n'est alors pas nécessaire que le bord avant 6071 de la lame vienne buter au fond de la fente 603 : ce sont les épaulements 6072 et 6073, formés entre la partie épaisse de l'écran et la lame, qui viendront buter sur la surface isolante 102 des deux côtés de l'entrée de la fente et c'est à ces points de butée que se produira le cisaillement de l'arc.The screen can receive different profiles and, for example, include, at its front edge, a blade of thinner thickness which extends it and comes into the slot. Said blade can be located in the longitudinal plane of symmetry of the screen, as shown in FIG. 5, where there has been shown such a median blade, 607 on the lateral faces of which the contact pads 201 and 301 are in support in the closed state of the switch: the contact is then ensured by a conductive pad 608 incorporated in the blade 607. The cut is made when this pad has moved relative to the pads 201 and 301. At the end of the cutting movement, it is then not necessary for the front edge 6071 of the blade to come up against the bottom of the slot 603: these are the shoulders 6072 and 6073, formed between the thick part of the screen and the blade, which will abut on the insulating surface 102 on both sides of the entry of the slot and it is at these abutment points that the shearing of the arc will occur.

Le dispositif de la figure 5 comporte par ailleurs les mêmes organes, non figurés, que celui des figures 1 à 4 et les supports de contact 2 et 3 sont pivotants.The device of Figure 5 also includes the same members, not shown, as that of Figures 1 to 4 and the contact supports 2 and 3 are pivotable.

A la figure 22 on a représenté un écran 6 en forme de couronne cylindrique guidé par une colonne cylindrique isolante 6081 dans laquelle est noyé un contact fixe 3 qui aboutit à une plage conductrice superficielle 6080 en forme de bague. L'extrémité avant de cette colonne est solidaire de la paroi 102 du boîtier entouré d'une gorge 1023 dans laquelle pénètre le bord avant de l'écran 6 lorsque celui-ci est propulsé par des moyens non figurés, au moment du pivotement d'un contact mobile 2 qui s'écarte de la plage 6080. L'écran 6 sépare ainsi complètement les deux contacts l'un de l'autre et l'arc est étranglé à l'intérieur de la gorge 1023. Celle-ci communique avec des canaux de dégazage 605 de chaque côté de la colonne 6081.In Figure 22 there is shown a screen 6 in the form of a cylindrical crown guided by an insulating cylindrical column 6081 in which is embedded a fixed contact 3 which leads to a surface conductive pad 6080 in the form of a ring. The front end of this column is integral with the wall 102 of the housing surrounded by a groove 1023 into which penetrates the front edge of the screen 6 when the latter is propelled by means not shown, at the time of pivoting of a movable contact 2 which deviates from the range 6080. The screen 6 thus completely separates the two contacts from one another and the arc is throttled inside the groove 1023. The latter communicates with degassing channels 605 on each side of the column 6081.

A la figure 6, on a représenté une forme d'exécution du dispositif de la figure 5, dans laquelle un seul contact pivotant 2 est prévu.In Figure 6, there is shown an embodiment of the device of Figure 5, in which a single pivoting contact 2 is provided.

La lame 607a prolonge la base du corps épais de l'écran et forme ainsi une marche d'escalier qui pénètre dans la fente 603 et vient en butée (par la surface 6072a) contre la paroi 102 comme indiqué ci-dessus. La pastille conductrice 608a noyée dans la lame est alors connectée à une liaison électrique 609 noyée dans l'écran, pour constituer le contact fixe. Cette figure permet de comprendre la forme du boîtier, avec les rainures de guidage de l'écran. Les canaux de dégazage sont désignés par 610. Le contact 2 pivote vers le haut tandis que la pastille 608a subit une translation et vient se loger dans la fente 611.The blade 607a extends the base of the thick body of the screen and thus forms a stair step which enters the slot 603 and abuts (by the surface 6072a) against the wall 102 as indicated above. The conductive pad 608a embedded in the blade is then connected to an electrical connection 609 embedded in the screen, to constitute the fixed contact. This figure allows you to understand the shape of the housing, with the guide grooves of the screen. The degassing channels are designated by 610. The contact 2 pivots upwards while the pellet 608a undergoes a translation and is received in the slot 611.

Dans la variante des figures 7 à 9, où un contact fixe 3 est également noyé dans l'écran 6, ce dernier n'est pas prolongé par une lame plus mince et il pénètre, avec la pastille de contact 301, dans un logement 612 du boîtier. La moitié inférieure de l'écran 6, située en dessous du contact 2, vient alors s'arrêter contre un épaulement 6120 ménagé à l'intérieur de ce logement, tandis que la pastille 301 vient pénétrer dans un prolongement plus étroit 6121 de ce logement. Le contact mobile 2, de son côté, pivote sous l'action de la serrure, non figurée, en face du bord d'une cloison 1020 qui délimite d'un côté le logement 612 et, de l'autre, une chambre d'expansion d'arc 1021.In the variant of FIGS. 7 to 9, where a fixed contact 3 is also embedded in the screen 6, the latter is not extended by a thinner blade and it enters, with the contact pad 301, into a housing 612 of the housing. The lower half of the screen 6, located below the contact 2, then stops against a shoulder 6120 formed inside this housing, while the patch 301 comes into a narrower extension 6121 of this housing . The movable contact 2, for its part, pivots under the action of the lock, not shown, opposite the edge of a partition 1020 which delimits on one side the housing 612 and, on the other, a chamber of arc expansion 1021.

On a représenté en pointillé, à la figure 9, la position de la pastille de contact fixe 301 au moment où l'arc prend naissance : on voit que celui-ci est alors cisaillé par un cisaillement oblique, au voisinage de l'arête inférieure de la cloison 1020 et entre la surface inférieure de cette cloison et la surface supérieure très voisine de l'écran (le jeu entre ces deux surfaces est par exemple inférieur à 2/10 mm).There is shown in dotted lines, in FIG. 9, the position of the fixed contact pad 301 at the moment when the arc arises: it can be seen that it is then sheared by an oblique shear, in the vicinity of the lower edge of the partition 1020 and between the lower surface of this partition and the upper surface very close to the screen (the clearance between these two surfaces is for example less than 2/10 mm).

Dans cette variante, comme l'arc prend naissance des deux côtés de la cloison 1020, des moyens d'évacuation de l'air ionisé 1022-6122 sont prévus des deux côtés.In this variant, since the arc arises on both sides of the partition 1020, means for evacuating the ionized air 1022-6122 are provided on both sides.

Il en est d'ailleurs ainsi également dans le mode d'exécution de la figure 6, dans laquelle l'arc est cisaillé, d'une part entre la face avant 102 de la cloison 1020 et l'épaulement 6072a, d'autre part entre la face inférieure de la cloison 1020 et la face supérieure de la marche 607a.This is also also the case in the embodiment of FIG. 6, in which the arc is sheared, on the one hand between the front face 102 of the partition 1020 and the shoulder 6072a, on the other hand between the lower face of the partition 1020 and the upper face of the step 607a.

Les figures 10 et 11 illustrent schématiquement une forme d'exécution du dispositif des figures 7 à 9, où la partie terminale de l'écran comporte une portion d'épaisseur plus faible 613 reliée au corps principal par une rampe inclinée 614. Cette disposition améliore le cisaillement de l'arc, le corps principal de l'écran et la rampe assurant alors l'arrêt de celui-ci et l'épaulement 6120 de la figure 9 est ici inutile.Figures 10 and 11 schematically illustrate an embodiment of the device of Figures 7 to 9, where the terminal part of the screen has a portion of smaller thickness 613 connected to the main body by an inclined ramp 614. This arrangement improves the shearing of the arc, the main body of the screen and the ramp then ensuring its stopping and the shoulder 6120 of FIG. 9 is unnecessary here.

Dans tous les modes d'exécution qui précèdent, un écran unique, mobile en translation parallèle aux supports de contact dans leur position de repos et coopérant avec une surface isolante cisaille l'arc par un cisaillement perpendiculaire à son chemin naturel, ou plus ou moins oblique par rapport audit chemin, mais, en tout cas, non tangentiel. Ce même type de cisaillement peut être obtenu avec des structures de l'écran et de la surface isolante tout à fait différentes et des mouvements différents d'une translation. A titre d'exemple, on a représenté, aux figures 12 à 14, un dispositif comportant deux écrans 6a et 6b mobiles en translation par rapport au boîtier 1 et dont les portions terminales en regard ont une forme complémentaire, de sorte que le bord avant de l'écran mince 6b viendra, en fin de position d'ouverture des contacts pivotants 2-3, s'engager jusqu'au fond du logement ouvert étroit 600a de l'écran 6a. Dans cette position finale où l'arc est complètement éteinte les contacts 2 et 3 sont écartés et disposés de part et d'autre de l'extrémité des deux portions terminales, emboîtées l'une dans l'autre, des deux écrans, si bien que le boîtier est partagé en deux chambres étanches l'une par rapport à l'autre (les écrans coulissant, à cet effet, dans des rainures appropriées de boîtier).In all of the above embodiments, a single screen, movable in translation parallel to the contact supports in their rest position and cooperating with an insulating surface shears the arc by shearing perpendicular to its natural path, or more or less oblique to said path, but, in any case, not tangential. This same type of shearing can be obtained with completely different structures of the screen and the insulating surface and different movements of a translation. For example, there is shown in Figures 12 to 14, a device comprising two screens 6a and 6b movable in translation relative to the housing 1 and whose opposite end portions have a complementary shape, so that the front edge of the thin screen 6b will come, at the end of the open position of the pivoting contacts 2-3, engage to the bottom of the narrow open housing 600a of the screen 6a. In this final position where the arc is completely extinguished, the contacts 2 and 3 are separated and arranged on either side of the end of the two terminal portions, nested one inside the other, of the two screens, so well that the housing is divided into two sealed chambers with respect to one another (the screens sliding, for this purpose, in appropriate grooves in the housing).

Dans une position intermédiaire, représentée à la figure 14, l'arc commence à être cisaillé entre les bords de l'ouverture du logement 600a et le bord avant de l'écran 6b. On a représenté à titre d'exemple un moyen de propulsion des écrans, comportant deux leviers pivotants 601a et 601b, normalement rappelés en position écartée par des ressorts respectifs 602a et 602b et qui se rapprochent l'un de l'autre sous l'action de deux noyaux magnétiques 603a, 603b commandés par une bobine 625, jusqu'à ce qu'ils viennent au contact l'un de l'autre.In an intermediate position, shown in Figure 14, the arc begins to be sheared between the edges of the opening of the housing 600a and the front edge of the screen 6b. By way of example, a means of propelling the screens has been shown, comprising two pivoting levers 601a and 601b, normally returned to the separated position by respective springs 602a and 602b and which approach each other under the action of two magnetic cores 603a, 603b controlled by a coil 625, until they come into contact with each other.

Dans tous les dispositifs qui précèdent, au moins l'un des contacts est pivotant ou s'écarte élastiquement pour laisser passer l'écran.In all of the foregoing devices, at least one of the contacts is pivotable or moves away elastically to let the screen pass.

On a représenté, aux figures 15 et 16, une structure d'écran en peigne destinée à s'interposer entre des contacts fixes tels que 20-21 et des contacts tels que 30-31 mobiles par translation perpendiculaire à l'écran. Cette structure permet de réaliser des dispositifs à couples de contacts multiples (pont de contacts mobiles 3). Chaque dent du peigne que forme l'écran est guidée par ses bords latéraux dans des rainures telles que 622-623 formées dans des cloisons aménagées dans le boîtier 1. Le fond des intervalles 624 entre doigts arrête l'écran par butée contre des parties étroites 100 de ces cloisons. Ces cloisons, situées en amont des contacts par rapport au déplacement de l'écran, empêchent l'arc de se développer entre les contacts situés d'un même côté de l'écran.FIGS. 15 and 16 show a comb screen structure intended to be interposed between fixed contacts such as 20-21 and contacts such as 30-31 movable by translation perpendicular to the screen. This structure makes it possible to produce devices with multiple contact couples (mobile contact bridge 3). Each tooth of the comb that forms the screen is guided by its lateral edges in grooves such as 622-623 formed in partitions arranged in the housing 1. The bottom of the intervals 624 between fingers stops the screen by abutting against narrow parts 100 of these partitions. These partitions, located upstream of the contacts relative to the displacement of the screen, prevent the arc from developing between the contacts located on the same side of the screen.

La portion de surface isolante contre laquelle viennent buter les extrémités 614-615 des doigts pour assurer le cisaillement de l'arc n'est pas représentée au dessin.The portion of insulating surface against which the ends 614-615 of the fingers abut to ensure the shearing of the arc is not shown in the drawing.

Au lieu de prévoir un déplacement de l'écran par translation rectiligne, il est encore possible d'envisager un écran en translation circulaire, comme le montrent les figures 17 et 18. Un axe 616 dont les extrémités tourillonnent dans deux parois du boîtier 1 supporte un étrier 617 dont les jambes 6170-6171 portent un écran 6 en forme de portion de couronne cylindrique apte à se déplacer dans une rainure 620 dont le fond communique avec l'extérieur par des évents tels que 621. La propulsion de l'ensemble est assurée par un ressort spiral 619 pré-armé et déclenché par des moyens figurés symboliquement en 40. Le contact mobile 22 est monté pivotant autour d'un axe 220 parallèle à l'axe 616 et qui tourillonne également dans deux _parois du boîtier. L'extrémité du contact 22 pénètre dans la rainure lorsque l'écran est en position de repos pour venir, dans la position de fermeture figurée, au contact du contact fixe 3.Instead of providing for a displacement of the screen by rectilinear translation, it is still possible to envisage a screen in circular translation, as shown in FIGS. 17 and 18. An axis 616 whose ends rotate in two walls of the housing 1 supports a stirrup 617 whose legs 6170-6171 carry a screen 6 in the form of a portion of cylindrical crown capable of moving in a groove 620 the bottom of which communicates with the outside via vents such as 621. The propulsion of the assembly is ensured by a spring hairspring 619 pre-armed and triggered by means symbolically shown at 40. The movable contact 22 is pivotally mounted about an axis 220 parallel to the axis 616 and which also pivots in two _walls of the housing. The end of the contact 22 enters the groove when the screen is in the rest position to come, in the closed position shown, in contact with the fixed contact 3.

A l'ouverture des contacts, commandée par une serrure non figurée, le pivotement du contact 22 (dans le sens des aiguilles d'une montre à la figure 7) écarte son extrémité du contact 3, et, par ailleurs, le ressort est déclenché et l'écran effectue une translation circulaire dans le même sens que le contact 22, de façon à venir en butée au fond inférieur du logement de guidage 620 ; le cisaillement final de l'arc se produit donc entre ce fond inférieur et le bord inférieur de l'écran.When the contacts open, controlled by a lock (not shown), the pivoting of the contact 22 (clockwise in FIG. 7) separates its end from the contact 3, and, moreover, the spring is triggered and the screen performs a circular translation in the same direction as the contact 22, so as to abut the bottom bottom of the guide housing 620; the final shear of the arc therefore occurs between this bottom bottom and the bottom edge of the screen.

Aux figures 19 à 21, on a représenté un dispositif composé de deux écrans 6c et 6d qui s'interpose entre deux contacts 2 et 3, lesquels, à l'ouverture de l'appareil complet, (non figuré) s'écartent l'un de l'autre perpendiculairement aux écrans. Chaque écran comporte deux parties solidaires, chacune un peu plus petite qu'un demi-cercle, à savoir une partie extérieure et une embase. Cette dernière comporte un axe de pivotement, tel que 6000a, fixé au boîtier, non figuré, de l'appareil.In Figures 19 to 21, there is shown a device composed of two screens 6c and 6d which is interposed between two contacts 2 and 3, which, when the complete device is opened, (not shown) move apart. one of the other perpendicular to the screens. Each screen has two integral parts, each a little smaller than a semicircle, namely an external part and a base. The latter has a pivot axis, such as 6000a, fixed to the housing, not shown, of the device.

Une bague 40, elle-même montée dans le boîtier de façon à pouvoir tourner sur elle-même lorsqu'elle est actionnée par un moyen propulseur non figuré, comporte deux goupilles diamétralement opposées 401 et 402 qui sont respectivement engagées dans des échancrures 403 et 404 que comportent les parties extérieures respectives des deux écrans. La rotation de la bague a donc pour effet de faire tourner chacun des deux écrans autour d'un axe fixe excentré. Comme le montrent les figures 19 et 20, dans lesquelles les écrans ont été représentés dans leur position en fin d'ouverture des contacts, les embases des deux écrans sont situées dans le plan de la bague et viennent s'appliquer l'une contre l'autre par leur tranche rectiligne, tandis que la partie extérieure de chaque écran vient recouvrir partiellement l'embase de l'autre, si bien que le chemin de l'arc, ouvert dans la position de la figure 21, est complètement interrompu par cisaillement entre les surfaces coopérantes des deux écrans.A ring 40, itself mounted in the housing so as to be able to turn on itself when it is actuated by a non-illustrated propellant means, comprises two diametrically opposed pins 401 and 402 which are respectively engaged in notches 403 and 404 contained in the respective external parts of the two screens. The rotation of the ring therefore has the effect of rotating each of the two screens around an eccentric fixed axis. As shown in Figures 19 and 20, in which the screens have been shown in their position at the end of opening of the contacts, the bases of the two screens are located in the plane of the ring and are applied one against the other by their straight edge, while the outer part of each screen partially covers the base of the other , so that the arc path, open in the position of Figure 21, is completely interrupted by shearing between the cooperating surfaces of the two screens.

Il va de soi que divers autres modes d'exécution pourront être imaginés par l'homme du métier, sans s'écarter de l'esprit de l'invention.It goes without saying that various other embodiments can be imagined by those skilled in the art, without departing from the spirit of the invention.

Claims (7)

1. Interrupteur électrique comportant, dans une chambre d'un boîtier isolant, deux contacts électriques mobiles l'un par rapport à l'autre entre une position de fermeture et une position d'ouverture, un écran isolant mobile dont -deux bords parallèles sont guidés dans deux rainures du boîtier de façon à pouvoir se déplacer sous l'effet de moyens de propulsion entre une position de départ pour laquelle les contacts sont fermés et une position d'arrivée pour laquelle un bord frontal de l'écran, après être passé entre deux contacts préalablement séparés par des moyens d'ouverture distincts des moyens de propulsion et avoir rencontré l'arc établi entre ces contacts, pénètre dans une fente du boîtier en divisant la chambre en deux demi-chambres isolées l'une de l'autre et reliées chacunes à l'atmosphère,
caractérisé en ce que le bord frontal (601) de l'écran mince (6) effectue, avant de passer entre les contacts (201, 301), une course préalable (dl) qui lui permet, d'une part, d'atteindre à cet endroit une vitesse comprise entre 2 m/s et 20 m/s et, d'autre part, d'atteindre rapidement la fente, placée à une distance suffisamment faible, pour que l'arc y soit totalement cisaillé avant d'être stabilisé et avant d'avoir subi un allongement notable..
1. Electric switch comprising, in a chamber of an insulating housing, two movable electrical contacts with respect to each other between a closed position and an open position, a movable insulating screen of which -two parallel edges are guided in two grooves of the housing so as to be able to move under the effect of propulsion means between a starting position for which the contacts are closed and a finishing position for which a front edge of the screen, after having passed between two contacts previously separated by means of opening separate from the propulsion means and having encountered the arc established between these contacts, enters a slot in the housing by dividing the chamber into two half-chambers isolated from one another and each connected to the atmosphere,
characterized in that the front edge (601) of the thin screen (6) performs, before passing between the contacts (201, 301), a preliminary stroke (d l ) which allows it, on the one hand, to reach a speed between 2 m / s and 20 m / s at this point and, on the other hand, quickly reach the slit, placed at a sufficiently short distance, so that the arc is completely sheared there before be stabilized and before having undergone a significant elongation.
2. Interrupteur selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la fente (603) est reliée directement à l'atmosphère par un canal de dégazage (604, respectivement 605, respectivement 606).2. Switch according to claim 1, characterized in that the slot (603) is connected directly to the atmosphere by a degassing channel (604, respectively 605, respectively 606). 3. Interrupteur selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que l'écran (6) est prolongé vers l'avant par une lame de plus faible épaisseur (607 ou 607a) formant avec lui au moins un épaulement (6072, 6073 ou 6072a) qui vient buter contre ladite paroi (102).3. Switch according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the screen (6) is extended forward by a blade of thinner thickness (607 or 607a) forming with it at least one shoulder (6072, 6073 or 6072a) which abuts against said wall (102). 4. Interrupteur selon la revendication 3, caractérisé par une pastille conductrice (608) logée dans ladite lame et assurant la liaison électrique entre les contacts (201-301) en position de fermeture.4. Switch according to claim 3, characterized by a conductive pad (608) housed in said blade and ensuring the electrical connection between the contacts (201-301) in the closed position. 5. Interrupteur selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé par un écran en forme de peigne dont chaque doigt (614-615) s'interpose entre deux contacts mobiles l'un par rapport à l'autre par translation perpendiculaire à l'écran.5. Switch according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized by a screen in the form of a comb, each finger (614-615) being interposed between two movable contacts relative to each other by translation perpendicular to the 'screen. 6. Interrupteur selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé par un écran (6) en forme de portion de couronne cylindrique en translation circulaire dans un logement de même forme (620).6. Switch according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by a screen (6) in the form of a portion of cylindrical crown in circular translation in a housing of the same shape (620). 7. Interrupteur selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que l'écran (6) a la forme d'un manchon cylindrique guidé le long d'une colonne fixe (6081) qui est solidaire du boîtier (102) et dont la surface porte le contact fixe (3), le bord avant de ce manchon pénétrant dans une gorge circulaire (1023) de ce boîtier.7. Switch according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the screen (6) has the shape of a cylindrical sleeve guided along a fixed column (6081) which is integral with the housing (102) and whose surface carries the fixed contact (3), the front edge of this sleeve penetrating into a circular groove (1023) of this housing.
EP84400204A 1983-02-04 1984-01-31 Switch device with insulating barrier introduced between the contacts when they open and with arc cutting means between the barrier and an insulating wall Expired EP0118333B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT84400204T ATE22503T1 (en) 1983-02-04 1984-01-31 SWITCH WITH AN INSULATION WALL INSERTING BETWEEN THE CONTACTS WHEN OPENING AND WITH ARC FLUSHING AGENT BETWEEN THE INSULATION WALL AND AN INSULATION HOUSING.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8301749A FR2540665B1 (en) 1983-02-04 1983-02-04 SWITCHING DEVICE PROVIDED WITH AN INSULATING SCREEN INTERPOSED BETWEEN THE CONTACTS WHEN SWITCHING OFF AND ARC SHEAR MEANS BETWEEN THIS SCREEN AND AN INSULATING WALL
FR8301749 1983-02-04

Publications (2)

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EP0118333A1 true EP0118333A1 (en) 1984-09-12
EP0118333B1 EP0118333B1 (en) 1986-09-24

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EP (1) EP0118333B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS59148220A (en)
AT (1) ATE22503T1 (en)
AU (1) AU564257B2 (en)
BR (1) BR8400485A (en)
CA (1) CA1204136A (en)
DE (2) DE3460784D1 (en)
DK (1) DK50684A (en)
ES (1) ES8500504A1 (en)
FR (1) FR2540665B1 (en)
GR (1) GR81697B (en)
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FR2573912A1 (en) * 1984-11-26 1986-05-30 Telemecanique Electrique ELECTRIC SWITCH WITH SCREEN
EP0186546A1 (en) * 1984-11-26 1986-07-02 Telemecanique Electrical switch with a shield
DE3615340A1 (en) * 1985-05-06 1986-11-06 La Télémécanique Electrique, Nanterre, Hauts-de-Seine INTERRUPTER DEVICE WITH PROTECTION AGAINST SHORT CIRCUIT CURRENTS
EP0244276A1 (en) * 1986-04-04 1987-11-04 Telemecanique Electrical switch for a protective device such as a circuit breaker
EP0450104A1 (en) * 1990-03-28 1991-10-09 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft High-speed circuit breaker
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3541747A1 (en) * 1984-11-26 1986-05-28 La Télémécanique Electrique, Nanterre, Hauts-de-Seine ELECTRICAL INTERRUPTER WITH A PROTECTIVE WALL
FR2573913A1 (en) * 1984-11-26 1986-05-30 Telemecanique Electrique ELECTRIC SWITCH WITH SCREEN
FR2573912A1 (en) * 1984-11-26 1986-05-30 Telemecanique Electrique ELECTRIC SWITCH WITH SCREEN
EP0185577A1 (en) * 1984-11-26 1986-06-25 Telemecanique Electrical switch with a shield
EP0185576A1 (en) * 1984-11-26 1986-06-25 Telemecanique Electrical switch with a shield
EP0186546A1 (en) * 1984-11-26 1986-07-02 Telemecanique Electrical switch with a shield
DE3615340A1 (en) * 1985-05-06 1986-11-06 La Télémécanique Electrique, Nanterre, Hauts-de-Seine INTERRUPTER DEVICE WITH PROTECTION AGAINST SHORT CIRCUIT CURRENTS
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EP0204594A1 (en) * 1985-05-06 1986-12-10 Telemecanique Interrupting device protected against short-circuit currents
EP0244276A1 (en) * 1986-04-04 1987-11-04 Telemecanique Electrical switch for a protective device such as a circuit breaker
EP0450104A1 (en) * 1990-03-28 1991-10-09 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft High-speed circuit breaker
EP0993011A2 (en) * 1998-10-07 2000-04-12 Texas Instruments Incorporated Circuit breaker having improved arc extinguishing device
EP0993011A3 (en) * 1998-10-07 2001-05-02 Texas Instruments Incorporated Circuit breaker having improved arc extinguishing device

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ZA84797B (en) 1984-09-26
DK50684A (en) 1984-08-05
EP0118333B1 (en) 1986-09-24
JPS59148220A (en) 1984-08-24
NO161024C (en) 1989-06-21
CA1204136A (en) 1986-05-06
JPH0547926B2 (en) 1993-07-20
AU2396484A (en) 1984-08-09
DK50684D0 (en) 1984-02-03
NO161024B (en) 1989-03-13
FR2540665B1 (en) 1987-02-27
GR81697B (en) 1984-12-12
BR8400485A (en) 1984-09-11
ATE22503T1 (en) 1986-10-15
ES529454A0 (en) 1984-10-01
ES8500504A1 (en) 1984-10-01
AU564257B2 (en) 1987-08-06
DE3460784D1 (en) 1986-10-30
NO840417L (en) 1984-08-06
DE118333T1 (en) 1984-12-20
FR2540665A1 (en) 1984-08-10
US4562323A (en) 1985-12-31

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