EP0116945B1 - Covering cloth for the wet end of a papermaking machine - Google Patents

Covering cloth for the wet end of a papermaking machine Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0116945B1
EP0116945B1 EP84101539A EP84101539A EP0116945B1 EP 0116945 B1 EP0116945 B1 EP 0116945B1 EP 84101539 A EP84101539 A EP 84101539A EP 84101539 A EP84101539 A EP 84101539A EP 0116945 B1 EP0116945 B1 EP 0116945B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
threads
fabric
fabric layer
binding
transverse
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP84101539A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0116945A2 (en
EP0116945A3 (en
Inventor
Georg Dipl.-Ing. Borel
Hartmut Dr.-Ing. Waldvogel
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Herman Wangner GmbH and Co KG
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Herman Wangner GmbH and Co KG
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Publication date
Application filed by Herman Wangner GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Herman Wangner GmbH and Co KG
Priority to AT84101539T priority Critical patent/ATE29532T1/en
Publication of EP0116945A2 publication Critical patent/EP0116945A2/en
Publication of EP0116945A3 publication Critical patent/EP0116945A3/en
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Publication of EP0116945B1 publication Critical patent/EP0116945B1/en
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21F—PAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
    • D21F1/00—Wet end of machines for making continuous webs of paper
    • D21F1/0027—Screen-cloths
    • D21F1/0036—Multi-layer screen-cloths
    • D21F1/0045—Triple layer fabrics
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S162/00—Paper making and fiber liberation
    • Y10S162/903—Paper forming member, e.g. fourdrinier, sheet forming member
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
    • Y10T428/249923—Including interlaminar mechanical fastener
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/30—Woven fabric [i.e., woven strand or strip material]
    • Y10T442/3179—Woven fabric is characterized by a particular or differential weave other than fabric in which the strand denier or warp/weft pick count is specified
    • Y10T442/3195—Three-dimensional weave [e.g., x-y-z planes, multi-planar warps and/or wefts, etc.]

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a composite fabric as a covering for the sheet-forming part of a paper machine with at least two fabric layers, which are formed by transverse and longitudinal threads and which are bound together by transverse threads.
  • a similar paper machine screen is known from DE-OS-29 17 694, which is, however, open or flat-woven and contains transverse binding weft wires.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a composite fabric of the type mentioned, which has a long runtime even when used on motor and cardboard machines.
  • a composite fabric with these features has a close and firm connection between the two fabric layers, so that the relative movement between the upper fabric layer and the lower fabric layer is severely limited.
  • part of the threads between the points at which it changes from the upper fabric layer to the lower fabric layer runs almost perpendicular to the plane of the composite fabric. This makes the connection between the fabric layers even stronger.
  • the basic idea of the invention is to prevent a relative movement between the upper fabric layer and the lower fabric layer in all three spatial directions as far as possible. Surprisingly, it has been found that this firm binding of the upper fabric layer to the lower fabric layer reduces the overall stress on the threads connecting the fabric layers to one another. This avoids in particular those cases in which a multi-layer paper machine screen becomes unusable in that the threads are destroyed long before the lower fabric layer is ground through.
  • the threads connecting the fabric layers to one another can be binding threads such as those used for. B. from DE-OSen 24 55 184 and 2455185 are known. Binding threads are woven in in addition to the threads forming the fabric layer. So z. B. after every fourth longitudinal thread of the upper fabric layer and also after every fourth transverse thread of the upper fabric layer, a binding thread can be woven, which is also woven into the underlying fabric layer and thereby connects the two fabric layers with each other. In the production of particularly mark-sensitive paper types, however, it is preferable not to weave in such additional binding threads and the fabric layers are bound to one another by their own structural transverse and longitudinal threads.
  • binding threads although they generally consist of very thin plastic wires, are a foreign body in the mesh of the fabric layers, i. H. affect the regularity and uniformity of the tissue image. In particular, they reduce the mesh size at the tying point and thereby reduce the permeability of the sieve at the tying points.
  • Structural threads are used in a specific weave, e.g. B. twill or atlas, understood interwoven transverse and longitudinal threads that form the individual fabric layers.
  • a specific weave e.g. B. twill or atlas
  • the binding threads are still inserted relatively loosely into the fabric mesh and only loop around the threads of the individual fabric layers over short distances, usually only one thread, a structural thread is an inseparable part of a fabric layer and therefore at least in the fabric layer to which it belongs, especially tightly woven.
  • binding threads can generally only wrap around one, two or at most three threads of a layer, since the loops of this tissue layer are present in a layer of fabric for a longer period of time would become too impermeable.
  • the fabric layers are connected by means of their structural threads, this danger does not exist, since the structural threads are not additionally woven in, but are intimately and firmly connected to the rest of the fabric layer. If one of the structural threads of one fabric layer is wrapped around a thread of the next fabric layer, the result is a rigid bond between the two fabric layers. Because both the longitudinal and the transverse structural threads bind the fabric layers to one another, the possibility of a relative movement in the longitudinal direction as well as in the transverse direction is withdrawn from the fabric layers.
  • the structural transverse and longitudinal threads of the fabric layer with the thinner threads are preferably used to bind the fabric layers to one another, that is normally the threads of the upper fabric layer. If the thicker threads of the lower fabric layer were to be incorporated into the finer upper fabric layer, the uniformity of the permeability and the stitch pattern of the upper fabric layer would be disturbed too much.
  • every structural transverse and longitudinal thread of the upper fabric layer is also integrated into the lower fabric layer.
  • a sufficiently firm connection of the two fabric layers can already be achieved in individual cases if, for. B. every fourth or sixth transverse thread and longitudinal thread is looped around a longitudinal or transverse thread of the lower fabric layer after every fourth or sixth longitudinal or transverse thread of the upper fabric layer.
  • the trough-shaped depressions which are formed in the upper fabric layer at the points at which the structural threads are integrated in the lower fabric layer are larger than when the fabric layers are tied together by means of additional binding wires, in particular in comparison to the tying of the fabric layers by means of binding wires made of softer material or particularly fine twine. It therefore depends on the individual case of the permissible marking of the paper web by the troughs, the mechanical load of the screen and the requirements for the uniformity of the permeability of the screen, whether it is cheaper to use the webs by additional binding threads or by their structural transverse and longitudinal threads bind together.
  • the upper fabric layer expediently consists of polyester monofilament.
  • the transverse threads can alternately consist of polyamide and polyester monofilament.
  • the lower fabric layer consists of stronger wires and has a coarser weave. Polyamide has proven particularly useful as a material for the binding threads.
  • the composite fabric can be open or endless woven.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 show an open woven composite fabric, in which the upper fabric layer 1 consists of warp wires 3 running in the longitudinal direction and weft threads 6 running in the transverse direction and has a plain weave.
  • the lower fabric layer 2 consists of longitudinal warp wires 4 and transverse weft wires 7 and has a four-shaft binding.
  • the number of warp wires and weft wires in the lower fabric layer 2 is only half as high as in the upper fabric layer 1.
  • the wires of the lower fabric layer 2 are considerably stronger than those of the upper fabric layer 1.
  • Both fabric layers 1 and 2 are bound to one another by longitudinal binding wires, the so-called binding chain 5, and by transverse binding wires, the so-called binding weft 8.
  • Binding chain 5 and binding weft 8 form an intermediate fabric and are tied with every fourth weft wire 7 of the lower fabric layer 2 and every eighth weft wire 6 of the upper fabric layer 1 and with every fourth warp wire 4 of the lower fabric layer 2 and every eighth warp wire 3 of the upper fabric layer 1.
  • binding chain 5 and binding weft 8 are interwoven and it is e.g. B. possible that the binding chain 5 always runs over the binding weft 8 or vice versa.
  • connection of the two fabric layers 1, 2 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 largely prevents a relative movement of the same in the fabric plane.
  • connection of the two fabric layers 1, 2 is achieved by guiding the binding threads shown in FIG. 3, wherein in particular a relative movement of the two fabric layers 1, 2 away from one another, that is to say perpendicular to the fabric plane, is prevented.
  • This is achieved in that the binding threads run as perpendicular as possible to the plane of the fabric between a point at which they are bound in the lower fabric layer 2 and a point at which they are bound in the upper fabric layer 1. In the exemplary embodiment in FIG. 3, this is the binding weft 9.
  • Figures 4 and 5 show a composite fabric of two fabric layers 1 and 2, which with the Fabric layers 1 and 2 of Figures 1 and 2 match. However, the connection between the two fabric layers is different. In the embodiment of FIGS. 4 and 5, this is done by the structural longitudinal threads 3 and transverse threads 6 of the upper fabric layer 1. As FIG. 4 shows, the longitudinal warp threads 3 are at relatively large distances from one another, where they normally lie under the transverse ones Weft threads 6 would lie even further down and around the transverse weft threads 7 of the lower fabric layer 2. The longitudinal thread 3 wraps around the transverse thread 7 of the lower fabric layer 2 at a point at which a longitudinal thread 4 of the lower fabric layer 2 runs under this transverse thread 7 so that the longitudinal thread 3 is protected as far as possible from abrasion.
  • Fig. 5 shows a section in the transverse direction, and one can see the incorporation of a transverse thread 6 of the upper fabric layer 1 in two places in the lower fabric layer 2.
  • the binding points are again chosen so that the transverse thread 6 normally under a longitudinal thread 3 of the upper Fabric layer 1 would run and the longitudinal thread 4 of the lower fabric layer 2 wrapped by the transverse thread 6 runs over a longitudinal thread 7 of the lower fabric layer.
  • the invention is not limited to the types of binding shown in the drawing, i. H. the upper fabric layer 1 and the lower fabric layer 2 can have any type of binding.
  • the fabric layers can consist of monofilament or multifilament, as can the binding threads.
  • the composite fabric consists of two layers of fabric.
  • the top layer 1 is made in plain weave. It consists of 20 longitudinal threads / cm and 22 transverse threads / cm.
  • a shrinkable polyester monofilament type was chosen for the warp or longitudinal threads 3, namely the type Trevira 940 with a relatively high modulus of elasticity.
  • the diameter is 0.22 mm.
  • the weft or cross threads 6 are also made of polyester monofilament, but a low-shrink type with a low modulus of elasticity (Trevira 900). The diameter is also 0.22 mm.
  • the lower fabric layer 2 is a four-strand fabric, executed in the four-twill cross-twill weave.
  • the fabric has been woven as a weft runner, i.e. that is, the long floats of the weft wires form the running side of the sieve, while the long floats of the warp wires run inside the sieve and are therefore spared from abrasion.
  • the lower fabric layer 2 has 10 warp or longitudinal threads 4 and 11 weft or transverse threads 7 per centimeter / width.
  • the longitudinal threads 4 are made of stretch-stable, strongly shrinking polyester monofilament, type Trevira 940, and have a diameter of 0.35 mm.
  • the transverse threads 7 consist alternately in a 1: 1 rhythm of polyester monofilament, type 900-0 0.40 mm, and the polyamide monofilament, type 6.6-0 0.42 mm.
  • connection of the two fabric layers 1 and 2 takes place through the binding warp wires 5 and the binding weft wires 8 and 9, respectively.
  • Both thread systems are made of polyamide monofilament, type 6.6, and have a diameter of 0.20 mm.
  • the binding warp wires 5 are provided after every second warp wire 4 of the lower layer 2, and the binding weft wires 8 and 9 are provided after every second transverse wire 7 of the lower layer 2.
  • binding warp wires 5 While all binding warp wires 5 have the same course and are bound in as shown in FIG. 1, the course of the binding weft wires is different: alternately, the binding weft wire 8 is guided flat between the fabric layers 1 and 2, as shown in FIG. 2 and from one layer led almost vertically down to the other, as shown in Fig. 3.
  • the finished and sewn fabric is then given a dirt-repellent coating, which means that the stitches remain open and free of dirt particles from the paper pulp and are permeable even after a long period of use.

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  • Paper (AREA)
  • Woven Fabrics (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Fiber Materials (AREA)
  • Manufacturing Of Multi-Layer Textile Fabrics (AREA)

Abstract

A composite fabric comprising at least two fabric layers interconnected by transversely or by longitudinally extending threads and wherein at least a part of the transversely extending and at least a part of the longitudinally extending interconnecting threads are woven both into the upper and into the lower fabric layer.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verbund-Gewebe als Bespannung für den Blattbildungsteil einer Papiermaschine mit mindestens zwei Gewebelagen, die durch quer- und durch längsverlaufende Fäden gebildet werden und die durch quer-verlaufende Fäden aneinandergebunden werden.The invention relates to a composite fabric as a covering for the sheet-forming part of a paper machine with at least two fabric layers, which are formed by transverse and longitudinal threads and which are bound together by transverse threads.

An Bespannungen für den Blattbildungsteil einer Papiermaschine, sog. Papiermaschinensiebe, werden hohe Anforderungen gestellt. Die Papierseite der Papiermaschinensiebe soll möglichst wenig Markierungen im Papier hinterlassen. Wegen der steigenden Rohstoffkosten und der zunehmenden Verwendung von Altpapier mit einem hohen Anteil kurzer Fasern ist eine gute Retention wichtig. Die Unterseite oder Laufseite des Papiermaschinensiebes ist infolge der hohen Arbeitsgeschwindigkeiten und dem Einsatz billigerer und abrasiverer Füllstoffe einem hohen Abrieb ausgesetzt, der die Laufzeit des Papiermaschinensiebes verkürzt. Die Leistungsaufnahme der Siebpartie ist teils infolge der Erschöpfung der installierten Leistung und teils infolge der hohen Energiekosten begrenzt. Es wurde versucht, diese zum Teil gegensätzlichen Forderungen dadurch zu erfüllen, dass aus mehreren Gewebelagen bestehende Papiermaschinensiebe entwickelt wurden, wobei die Gewebelagen durch zusätzliche Bindefäden locker miteinander verbunden sind.Stringent requirements are placed on fabrics for the sheet forming part of a paper machine, so-called paper machine screens. The paper side of the paper machine screens should leave as few markings in the paper as possible. Good retention is important due to the increasing raw material costs and the increasing use of waste paper with a high proportion of short fibers. The underside or running side of the paper machine screen is exposed to high abrasion due to the high working speeds and the use of cheaper and more abrasive fillers, which shortens the running time of the paper machine screen. The power consumption of the wire section is limited partly due to the exhaustion of the installed capacity and partly due to the high energy costs. An attempt was made to meet these partly contradictory requirements by developing paper machine screens consisting of several fabric layers, the fabric layers being loosely connected to one another by additional binding threads.

Aus den DE-OSen 24 55 184 und 24 55 185 sind rundgewobene Papiermaschinensiebe mit einer Bindekette bekannt, d. h. im fertigen Papiermaschinensieb verlaufen die Bindefäden in Querrichtung.From DE-OSes 24 55 184 and 24 55 185 circular woven paper machine screens with a binding chain are known, i. H. in the finished paper machine wire, the binding threads run in the transverse direction.

Ein ähnliches Papiermaschinensieb ist aus der DE-OS-29 17 694 bekannt, das jedoch offen oder flachgewebt ist und querverlaufende Bindeschussdrähte enthält.A similar paper machine screen is known from DE-OS-29 17 694, which is, however, open or flat-woven and contains transverse binding weft wires.

Die Papiermaschinensiebe mit querverlaufenden Bindedrähten waren nicht immer zufriedenstellend. Insbesondere beim Einsatz auf Kraft-oder Kartonmaschinen besitzen sie keine ausreichende Laufzeit.The paper machine screens with transverse binding wires were not always satisfactory. In particular when used on power or cardboard machines, they do not have a sufficient runtime.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verbund-Gewebe der eingangs genannten Art zu schaffen, das auch beim Einsatz auf Kraft- und Kartonmaschinen eine hohe Laufzeit besitzt.The invention has for its object to provide a composite fabric of the type mentioned, which has a long runtime even when used on motor and cardboard machines.

Diese Aufgabe wird dadurch gelöst, dass zumindest ein Teil der querverlaufenden und zusätzlich zumindest ein Teil der längsverlaufenden Fäden sowohl in die obere als auch in die untere Gewebelage eingebunden ist.This object is achieved in that at least some of the transverse threads and additionally at least some of the longitudinal threads are incorporated in both the upper and lower fabric layers.

Ein Verbund-Gewebe mit diesen Merkmalen besitzt eine enge und feste Verbindung der beiden Gewebelagen, so dass die Relativbewegung zwischen oberer Gewebelage und unterer Gewebelage stark beschränkt ist.A composite fabric with these features has a close and firm connection between the two fabric layers, so that the relative movement between the upper fabric layer and the lower fabric layer is severely limited.

Vorzugsweise verläuft ein Teil der Fäden zwischen den Stellen, an denen er von der oberen Gewebelage zur unteren Gewebelage wechselt, nahezu senkrecht zur Ebene des Verbund-Gewebes. Dadurch wird die Verbindung zwischen den Gewebelagen noch fester.Preferably, part of the threads between the points at which it changes from the upper fabric layer to the lower fabric layer runs almost perpendicular to the plane of the composite fabric. This makes the connection between the fabric layers even stronger.

Der Grundgedanke der Erfindung liegt darin, eine Relativbewegung zwischen der oberen Gewebelage und der unteren Gewebelage in allen drei Raumrichtungen so weit wie möglich zu verhindern. Überraschenderweise hat sich dabei gezeigt, dass durch diese feste Bindung der oberen Gewebelage an die untere Gewebelage die Gesamt-Beanspruchung der die Gewebelagen miteinander verbindenden Fäden verringert wird. Dadurch werden insbesondere diejenigen Fälle vermieden, in denen ein mehrlagiges Papiermaschinensieb dadurch unbrauchbar wird, dass die Fäden lange vor einem Durchschliff der unteren Gewebelage zerstört werden.The basic idea of the invention is to prevent a relative movement between the upper fabric layer and the lower fabric layer in all three spatial directions as far as possible. Surprisingly, it has been found that this firm binding of the upper fabric layer to the lower fabric layer reduces the overall stress on the threads connecting the fabric layers to one another. This avoids in particular those cases in which a multi-layer paper machine screen becomes unusable in that the threads are destroyed long before the lower fabric layer is ground through.

Bei den die Gewebelagen miteinander verbindenden Fäden kann es sich um Bindefäden handeln, wie sie z. B. aus den DE-OSen 24 55 184 und 2455185 bekannt sind. Bindefäden werden zusätzlich zu den die Gewebelage bildenden Fäden eingewoben. So kann z. B. nach jedem vierten Längsfaden der oberen Gewebelage und ebenso nach jedem vierten Querfaden der oberen Gewebelage ein Bindefaden eingewoben sein, der zusätzlich auch in die darunter liegende Gewebelage eingewoben ist und dadurch beide Gewebelagen miteinander verbindet. Bei der Herstellung besonders markierungsempfindlicher Papiersorten wird jedoch vorzugsweise auf das Einweben derartiger zusätzlicher Bindefäden verzichtet und werden die Gewebelagen durch ihre eigenen strukturellen Quer- und Längsfäden aneinandergebunden. Die Markierungsgefahr wird dadurch etwas vermindert, da die Bindefäden, obwohl sie im allgemeinen aus sehr dünnen Kunststoffdrähten bestehen, ein Fremdkörper im Maschenbild der Gewebelagen sind, d. h. die Regelmäßigkeit und Gleichförmigkeit des Gewebebildes beeinträchtigen. Sie verkleinern insbesondere an der Abbindestelle die Maschenöffnung und verringern dadurch an den Abbindestellen die Durchlässigkeit des Siebes.The threads connecting the fabric layers to one another can be binding threads such as those used for. B. from DE-OSen 24 55 184 and 2455185 are known. Binding threads are woven in in addition to the threads forming the fabric layer. So z. B. after every fourth longitudinal thread of the upper fabric layer and also after every fourth transverse thread of the upper fabric layer, a binding thread can be woven, which is also woven into the underlying fabric layer and thereby connects the two fabric layers with each other. In the production of particularly mark-sensitive paper types, however, it is preferable not to weave in such additional binding threads and the fabric layers are bound to one another by their own structural transverse and longitudinal threads. The risk of marking is somewhat reduced, since the binding threads, although they generally consist of very thin plastic wires, are a foreign body in the mesh of the fabric layers, i. H. affect the regularity and uniformity of the tissue image. In particular, they reduce the mesh size at the tying point and thereby reduce the permeability of the sieve at the tying points.

Unter « strukturellen Fäden werden dabei die in einer bestimmten Gewebebindung, z. B. Köper oder Atlas, miteinander verwobenen Quer- und Längsfäden verstanden, die die einzelnen Gewebelagen bilden. Durch das Aneinanderbinden der Gewebelagen mittels ihrer strukturellen Fäden ergibt sich eine besonders stramme Verbindung der Gewebelagen. Während die Bindefäden noch relativ locker in die Gewebemaschen eingefügt sind und nur über kurze Strecken, meistens nur einen Faden, die Fäden der einzelnen Gewebelagen umschlingen, ist ein struktureller Faden ein untrennbarer Bestandteil einer Gewebelage und daher zumindest in die Gewebelage, der er angehört, besonders fest eingewoben. Bindefäden können dagegen im allgemeinen nur einen, zwei oder allenfalls drei Fäden einer Lage umschlingen, da bei einem längeren Mitflotten in einer Gewebelage die Maschen dieser Gewebelagen zu undurchlässig würden. Beim Verbinden der Gewebelagen mittels ihrer strukturellen Fäden besteht diese Gefahr nicht, da die strukturellen Fäden nicht zusätzlich eingewoben werden, sondern von Haus aus mit dem übrigen Teil der Gewebelage innig und fest verbunden sind. Wird einer der strukturellen Fäden einer Gewebelage um einen Faden der nächsten Gewebelage geschlungen, so ergibt sich ein starrer Verbund beider Gewebelagen. Dadurch, daß sowohl die längsals auch die querverlaufenden strukturellen Fäden die Gewebelagen aneinanderbinden, wird den Gewebelagen die Möglichkeit einer Relativbewegung sowohl in Längsrichtung als auch in Querrichtung entzogen.Structural threads are used in a specific weave, e.g. B. twill or atlas, understood interwoven transverse and longitudinal threads that form the individual fabric layers. By tying the fabric layers together by means of their structural threads, a particularly tight connection of the fabric layers results. While the binding threads are still inserted relatively loosely into the fabric mesh and only loop around the threads of the individual fabric layers over short distances, usually only one thread, a structural thread is an inseparable part of a fabric layer and therefore at least in the fabric layer to which it belongs, especially tightly woven. On the other hand, binding threads can generally only wrap around one, two or at most three threads of a layer, since the loops of this tissue layer are present in a layer of fabric for a longer period of time would become too impermeable. When the fabric layers are connected by means of their structural threads, this danger does not exist, since the structural threads are not additionally woven in, but are intimately and firmly connected to the rest of the fabric layer. If one of the structural threads of one fabric layer is wrapped around a thread of the next fabric layer, the result is a rigid bond between the two fabric layers. Because both the longitudinal and the transverse structural threads bind the fabric layers to one another, the possibility of a relative movement in the longitudinal direction as well as in the transverse direction is withdrawn from the fabric layers.

Beim Verbinden zweier Gewebelagen mittels ihrer strukturellen Fäden werden vorzugsweise die strukturellen Querund Längsfäden der Gewebelage mit den dünneren Fäden zum Aneinanderbinden der Gewebelagen verwendet, das sind im Normalfall die Fäden der oberen Gewebelage. Würde man die dickeren Fäden der unteren Gewebelage in die feinere obere Gewebelage einbinden, so würde die Gleichförmigkeit der Durchlässigkeit und des Maschenbildes der oberen Gewebelage zu stark gestört.When connecting two fabric layers by means of their structural threads, the structural transverse and longitudinal threads of the fabric layer with the thinner threads are preferably used to bind the fabric layers to one another, that is normally the threads of the upper fabric layer. If the thicker threads of the lower fabric layer were to be incorporated into the finer upper fabric layer, the uniformity of the permeability and the stitch pattern of the upper fabric layer would be disturbed too much.

Im allgemeinen ist es nicht erforderlich, daß jeder strukturelle Quer- und Längsfaden der oberen Gewebelage auch in die untere Gewebelage eingebunden ist. Eine ausreichend feste Verbindung beider Gewebelagen kann im Einzelfall bereits erzielt werden, wenn z. B. jeder vierte oder sechste Querfaden und Längsfaden nach jedem vierten oder sechsten Längs- bzw. Querfaden der oberen Gewebelage um einen Längs- bzw. Querfaden der unteren Gewebelage geschlungen wird.In general, it is not necessary that every structural transverse and longitudinal thread of the upper fabric layer is also integrated into the lower fabric layer. A sufficiently firm connection of the two fabric layers can already be achieved in individual cases if, for. B. every fourth or sixth transverse thread and longitudinal thread is looped around a longitudinal or transverse thread of the lower fabric layer after every fourth or sixth longitudinal or transverse thread of the upper fabric layer.

Die muldenförmigen Vertiefungen, die in der oberen Gewebelage an den Stellen gebildet werden, an denen die strukturellen Fäden in die untere Gewebelage eingebunden sind, sind größer als beim Aneinanderbinden der Gewebelagen mittels zusätzlicher Bindedrähte, insbesondere im Vergleich zum Aneinanderbinden der Gewebelagen durch Bindedrähte aus weicherem Material oder besonders feinen Bindefäden. Es hängt daher im Einzelfall von der zulässigen Markierung der Papierbahn durch die Mulden, dem mechanischen Belastungsgrad des Siebes und den Anforderungen an die Gleichförmigkeit der Durchlässigkeit des Siebes ab, ob es günstiger ist, die Gewebebahnen durch zusätzliche Bindefäden oder durch ihre strukturellen Quer- und Längsfäden aneinanderzubinden.The trough-shaped depressions which are formed in the upper fabric layer at the points at which the structural threads are integrated in the lower fabric layer are larger than when the fabric layers are tied together by means of additional binding wires, in particular in comparison to the tying of the fabric layers by means of binding wires made of softer material or particularly fine twine. It therefore depends on the individual case of the permissible marking of the paper web by the troughs, the mechanical load of the screen and the requirements for the uniformity of the permeability of the screen, whether it is cheaper to use the webs by additional binding threads or by their structural transverse and longitudinal threads bind together.

Die obere Gewebelage besteht zweckmässigerweise aus Polyester-Monofil. Ebenso die untere Gewebelage, wobei hier die Querfäden auch abwechselnd aus Polyamid und Polyester-Monofil bestehen können. Wie bei mehrlagigen Papiermaschinenbespannungen üblich, besteht die untere Gewebelage aus stärkeren Drähten und weist eine gröbere Bindung auf. Als Material für die Bindefäden hat sich Polyamid besonders bewährt.The upper fabric layer expediently consists of polyester monofilament. The same applies to the lower fabric layer, where the transverse threads can alternately consist of polyamide and polyester monofilament. As usual with multi-layer paper machine clothing, the lower fabric layer consists of stronger wires and has a coarser weave. Polyamide has proven particularly useful as a material for the binding threads.

Das Verbund-Gewebe kann offen oder endlos gewoben sein.The composite fabric can be open or endless woven.

Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand der Zeichnung näher erläutert. Es zeigen :

  • Figur 1 im Schnitt in Längsrichtung parallel zu den Kettdrähten ein Verbund-Gewebe, bei dem die Gewebelagen durch Bindefäden aneinander gebunden sind ;
  • Figur 2 das Verbund-Gewebe von Fig. 1 im Schnitt längs der Querdrähte ;
  • Figur 3 eine Schnittdarstellung ähnlich der von Fig. 2, wobei die beiden Gewebelagen besonders fest miteinander verbunden sind und
  • Figuren 4 und 5 im Schnitt in Längsrichtung bzw. in Querrichtung ein Verbund-Gewebe, bei dem die Gewebelagen durch die strukturellen Fäden der oberen Gewebelage miteinander verbunden sind.
An embodiment of the invention is explained below with reference to the drawing. Show it :
  • Figure 1 in section in the longitudinal direction parallel to the warp wires a composite fabric, in which the fabric layers are bound together by binding threads;
  • Figure 2 shows the composite fabric of Figure 1 in section along the cross wires.
  • Figure 3 is a sectional view similar to that of Fig. 2, wherein the two fabric layers are particularly firmly connected and
  • Figures 4 and 5 in section in the longitudinal direction or in the transverse direction, a composite fabric, in which the fabric layers are connected to each other by the structural threads of the upper fabric layer.

Die Figuren 1 und 2 zeigen ein offen gewebtes Verbund-Gewebe, bei dem die obere Gewebelage 1 aus in Längsrichtung verlaufenden Kettdrähten 3 und in Querrichtung verlaufenden Schussfäden 6 besteht und Leinwandbindung besitzt. Die untere Gewebelage 2 besteht aus längsverlaufenden Kettdrähten 4 und querverlaufenden Schussdrähten 7 und besitzt eine vierschäftige Bindung. Die Anzahl der Kettdrähte und Schussdrähte ist dabei in der unteren Gewebelage 2 nur halb so hoch wie in der oberen Gewebelage 1. Die Drähte der unteren Gewebelage 2 sind wesentlich stärker als die der oberen Gewebelage 1.FIGS. 1 and 2 show an open woven composite fabric, in which the upper fabric layer 1 consists of warp wires 3 running in the longitudinal direction and weft threads 6 running in the transverse direction and has a plain weave. The lower fabric layer 2 consists of longitudinal warp wires 4 and transverse weft wires 7 and has a four-shaft binding. The number of warp wires and weft wires in the lower fabric layer 2 is only half as high as in the upper fabric layer 1. The wires of the lower fabric layer 2 are considerably stronger than those of the upper fabric layer 1.

Beide Gewebelagen 1 und 2 sind durch längsverlaufende Bindedrähte, die sog. Bindekette 5, und durch querverlaufende Bindedrähte, den sog. Bindeschuss 8 aneinander gebunden. Bindekette 5 und Bindeschuss 8 bilden ein Zwischengewebe und sind mit jedem vierten Schussdraht 7 der unteren Gewebelage 2 und jedem achten Schussdraht 6 der oberen Gewebelage 1 bzw. mit jedem vierten Kettdraht 4 der unteren Gewebelage 2 und jedem achten Kettdraht 3 der oberen Gewebelage 1 abgebunden. Es ist jedoch nicht notwendig, dass Bindekette 5 und Bindeschuss 8 miteinander verwoben sind und es ist z. B. möglich, dass die Bindekette 5 immer über dem Bindeschuss 8 verläuft oder umgekehrt.Both fabric layers 1 and 2 are bound to one another by longitudinal binding wires, the so-called binding chain 5, and by transverse binding wires, the so-called binding weft 8. Binding chain 5 and binding weft 8 form an intermediate fabric and are tied with every fourth weft wire 7 of the lower fabric layer 2 and every eighth weft wire 6 of the upper fabric layer 1 and with every fourth warp wire 4 of the lower fabric layer 2 and every eighth warp wire 3 of the upper fabric layer 1. However, it is not necessary that binding chain 5 and binding weft 8 are interwoven and it is e.g. B. possible that the binding chain 5 always runs over the binding weft 8 or vice versa.

Durch die in den Fig. 1 und 2 gezeigte Verbindung der beiden Gewebelagen 1, 2 wird eine Relativbewegung derselben in der Gewebeebene weitgehend verhindert.The connection of the two fabric layers 1, 2 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 largely prevents a relative movement of the same in the fabric plane.

Eine noch stärkere Verbindung der beiden Gewebelagen 1, 2 wird durch die in Fig. 3 gezeigte Führung der Bindefäden erreicht, wobei insbesondere auch eine Relativbewegung der beiden Gewebelagen 1, 2 voneinander weg, also senkrecht zur Gewebeebene verhindert wird. Dies wird dadurch erreicht, dass die Bindefäden zwischen einer Stelle, an der sie in die untere Gewebelage 2 eingebunden sind und einer Stelle, in der sie in die obere Gewebelage 1 eingebunden sind, möglichst senkrecht zur Gewebeebene verlaufen. In dem Ausführungsbeispiel von Fig. 3 ist dies der Bindeschuss 9.An even stronger connection of the two fabric layers 1, 2 is achieved by guiding the binding threads shown in FIG. 3, wherein in particular a relative movement of the two fabric layers 1, 2 away from one another, that is to say perpendicular to the fabric plane, is prevented. This is achieved in that the binding threads run as perpendicular as possible to the plane of the fabric between a point at which they are bound in the lower fabric layer 2 and a point at which they are bound in the upper fabric layer 1. In the exemplary embodiment in FIG. 3, this is the binding weft 9.

Die Figuren 4 und 5 zeigen ein Verbund-Gewebe aus zwei Gewebelagen 1 und 2, die mit den Gewebelagen 1 und 2 der Figuren 1 und 2 übereinstimmen. Unterschiedlich ist jedoch Verbindung der beiden Gewebelagen. Sie erfolgt bei dem Ausführungsbeispiel der Figuren 4 und 5 durch die strukturellen Längsfäden 3 und Querfäden 6 der oberen Gewebelage 1. Wie Fig. 4 zeigt, sind die längsverlaufenden Kettfäden 3 an in relativ großem Abstand voneinander liegenden Stellen, an denen sie normalerweise unter den querverlaufenden Schußfäden 6 liegen würden, noch weiter nach unten und um die querverlaufenden Schußfäden 7 der unteren Gewebelage 2 geführt. Der Längsfaden 3 umschlingt dabei den Querfaden 7 der unteren Gewebelage 2 an einer solchen Stelle, an der auch ein Längsfaden 4 der unteren Gewebelage 2 unter diesem Querfaden 7 verläuft, damit der Längsfaden 3 so weit wie möglich vor Abrieb geschützt ist.Figures 4 and 5 show a composite fabric of two fabric layers 1 and 2, which with the Fabric layers 1 and 2 of Figures 1 and 2 match. However, the connection between the two fabric layers is different. In the embodiment of FIGS. 4 and 5, this is done by the structural longitudinal threads 3 and transverse threads 6 of the upper fabric layer 1. As FIG. 4 shows, the longitudinal warp threads 3 are at relatively large distances from one another, where they normally lie under the transverse ones Weft threads 6 would lie even further down and around the transverse weft threads 7 of the lower fabric layer 2. The longitudinal thread 3 wraps around the transverse thread 7 of the lower fabric layer 2 at a point at which a longitudinal thread 4 of the lower fabric layer 2 runs under this transverse thread 7 so that the longitudinal thread 3 is protected as far as possible from abrasion.

Fig. 5 zeigt einen Schnitt in Querrichtung, und man erkennt das Einbinden eines Querfadens 6 der oberen Gewebelage 1 an zwei Stellen in die untere Gewebelage 2. Die Abbindestellen sind auch hier wiederum so gewählt, daß der Querfaden 6 normalerweise unter einem Längsfaden 3 der oberen Gewebelage 1 verlaufen würde und der von dem Querfaden 6 umschlungene Längsfaden 4 der unteren Gewebelage 2 über einem Längsfaden 7 der unteren Gewebelage verläuft.Fig. 5 shows a section in the transverse direction, and one can see the incorporation of a transverse thread 6 of the upper fabric layer 1 in two places in the lower fabric layer 2. The binding points are again chosen so that the transverse thread 6 normally under a longitudinal thread 3 of the upper Fabric layer 1 would run and the longitudinal thread 4 of the lower fabric layer 2 wrapped by the transverse thread 6 runs over a longitudinal thread 7 of the lower fabric layer.

Die Erfindung ist nicht auf die in der Zeichnung dargestellten Bindungsarten beschränkt, d. h. die obere Gewebelage 1 und die untere Gewebelage 2 können jede beliebige Art von Bindung aufweisen. Die Gewebelagen können aus Monofil oder Multifil bestehen, ebenso die Bindefäden.The invention is not limited to the types of binding shown in the drawing, i. H. the upper fabric layer 1 and the lower fabric layer 2 can have any type of binding. The fabric layers can consist of monofilament or multifilament, as can the binding threads.

Beispiel :For example:

Das Verbundgewebe besteht aus zwei Gewebelagen. Die obere Lage 1 ist in Leinwandbindung hergestellt. Sie besteht aus 20 Längsfäden/cm und 22 Querfäden/cm.The composite fabric consists of two layers of fabric. The top layer 1 is made in plain weave. It consists of 20 longitudinal threads / cm and 22 transverse threads / cm.

Für die Kett- oder Längsfäden 3 wurde eine schrumpffreudige Polyestermonofiltype gewählt, nämlich die Type Trevira 940 mit relativ hohem Elastizitätsmodul. Der Durchmesser beträgt 0,22 mm. Die Schuss- oder Querfäden 6 sind ebenfalls aus Polyester-Monofil, jedoch einer schrumpfarmen Type mit niedrigem Elastizitätsmodul (Trevira 900). Der Durchmesser beträgt ebenfalls 0,22 mm.A shrinkable polyester monofilament type was chosen for the warp or longitudinal threads 3, namely the type Trevira 940 with a relatively high modulus of elasticity. The diameter is 0.22 mm. The weft or cross threads 6 are also made of polyester monofilament, but a low-shrink type with a low modulus of elasticity (Trevira 900). The diameter is also 0.22 mm.

Die untere Gewebelage 2 ist ein vierschäftiges Gewebe, ausgeführt in der Vierköper-Kreuzköper-Bindung. Das Gewebe ist als Schussläufer gewoben worden, d. h., die langen Flottungen der Schussdrähte bilden die Laufseite des Siebes, während die langen Flottungen der Kettdrähte im Inneren des Siebes verlaufen und dadurch vom Abrieb verschont bleiben.The lower fabric layer 2 is a four-strand fabric, executed in the four-twill cross-twill weave. The fabric has been woven as a weft runner, i.e. that is, the long floats of the weft wires form the running side of the sieve, while the long floats of the warp wires run inside the sieve and are therefore spared from abrasion.

Die untere Gewebelage 2 hat pro Zentimeter/Breite 10 Kett- oder Längsfäden 4 und 11 Schuss- oder Querfäden 7. Die Längsfäden 4 sind aus dehnungsstabilem, stark schrumpfendem Polyester-Monofil, Type Trevira 940, und haben einen Durchmesser von 0,35 mm.The lower fabric layer 2 has 10 warp or longitudinal threads 4 and 11 weft or transverse threads 7 per centimeter / width. The longitudinal threads 4 are made of stretch-stable, strongly shrinking polyester monofilament, type Trevira 940, and have a diameter of 0.35 mm.

Die Querfäden 7 bestehen abwechselnd in 1 : 1 Rhythmus aus Polyester-Monofil, Type 900-0 0,40 mm, und dem Polyamid-Monofil, Type 6.6-0 0,42 mm.The transverse threads 7 consist alternately in a 1: 1 rhythm of polyester monofilament, type 900-0 0.40 mm, and the polyamide monofilament, type 6.6-0 0.42 mm.

Die Verbindung der beiden Gewebelagen 1 und 2 erfolgt durch die Bindekettdrähte 5 und die Bindeschussdrähte 8 bzw. 9. Beide Fadensysteme sind aus Polyamid-Monofil, Type 6.6, und haben einen Durchmesser von 0,20 mm.The connection of the two fabric layers 1 and 2 takes place through the binding warp wires 5 and the binding weft wires 8 and 9, respectively. Both thread systems are made of polyamide monofilament, type 6.6, and have a diameter of 0.20 mm.

Die Bindekettdrähte 5 sind nach jedem zweiten Kettdraht 4 der unteren Lage 2, und die Bindeschussdrähte 8 bzw. 9 nach jedem zweiten Querdraht 7 der unteren Lage 2 vorgesehen.The binding warp wires 5 are provided after every second warp wire 4 of the lower layer 2, and the binding weft wires 8 and 9 are provided after every second transverse wire 7 of the lower layer 2.

Während alle Bindekettdrähte 5 den gleichen Verlauf haben und so wie in Fig. 1 gezeigt eingebunden sind, ist der Verlauf der Bindeschussdrähte unterschiedlich : abwechselnd wird der Bindeschussdraht 8 zwischen den Gewebelagen 1 und 2 flach geführt, wie in Fig. 2 gezeigt und von einer Lage zur anderen fast senkrecht hinabgeführt, wie in Fig. 3 gezeigt.While all binding warp wires 5 have the same course and are bound in as shown in FIG. 1, the course of the binding weft wires is different: alternately, the binding weft wire 8 is guided flat between the fabric layers 1 and 2, as shown in FIG. 2 and from one layer led almost vertically down to the other, as shown in Fig. 3.

Das fertig hergestellte und genahtete Gewebe erhält anschliessend eine schmutzabweisende Beschichtung, wodurch die Maschen noch nach längerem Einsatz offen und frei von Schmutzteilchen aus der Papiermasse und durchlässig bleiben.The finished and sewn fabric is then given a dirt-repellent coating, which means that the stitches remain open and free of dirt particles from the paper pulp and are permeable even after a long period of use.

Claims (4)

1. Composite fabric for use as clothing for the sheet forming section of a papermaking machine comprising at least two fabric layers formed by transverse and longitudinal threads and interconnected by transversely extending threads, characterised in that at least a number of the transversely extending and, in addition, at least a number of the longitudinally extending threads are woven both into the upper and into the lower fabric layer (1, 2).
2. Composite fabric according to claim 1 characterised in that a portion of the threads, between points where it passes from the upper fabric layer (1) to the lower fabric layer (2), extends almost normal to the plane of the composite fabric.
3. Composite fabric according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the fabric layers (1, 2) are interconnected by the structural threads (3, 6).
4. Composite fabric according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the fabric layers (1, 2) are interconnected by additionally interwoven binder threads (binder weft 8, 9 and binder warp 5).
EP84101539A 1983-02-18 1984-02-15 Covering cloth for the wet end of a papermaking machine Expired EP0116945B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT84101539T ATE29532T1 (en) 1983-02-18 1984-02-15 COMPOSITE FABRIC AS CLOTHING FOR THE SHEET-FORMING PART OF A PAPER MACHINE.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3305713A DE3305713C1 (en) 1983-02-18 1983-02-18 Composite fabric as covering for the sheet forming part of a paper machine
DE3305713 1983-02-18

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EP0116945A2 EP0116945A2 (en) 1984-08-29
EP0116945A3 EP0116945A3 (en) 1985-05-22
EP0116945B1 true EP0116945B1 (en) 1987-09-09

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EP (1) EP0116945B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE29532T1 (en)
CA (1) CA1226462A (en)
DE (2) DE3305713C1 (en)

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DE3305713C1 (en) 1984-04-19
ATE29532T1 (en) 1987-09-15
CA1226462A (en) 1987-09-08
DE3466020D1 (en) 1987-10-15
US4554953A (en) 1985-11-26
EP0116945A2 (en) 1984-08-29
EP0116945A3 (en) 1985-05-22

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