EP0116003A1 - Article for babies suitable to form simultaneously a soother and a teething ring - Google Patents

Article for babies suitable to form simultaneously a soother and a teething ring Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0116003A1
EP0116003A1 EP84420016A EP84420016A EP0116003A1 EP 0116003 A1 EP0116003 A1 EP 0116003A1 EP 84420016 A EP84420016 A EP 84420016A EP 84420016 A EP84420016 A EP 84420016A EP 0116003 A1 EP0116003 A1 EP 0116003A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
ring
nipple
annular
article
bowl
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP84420016A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0116003B1 (en
Inventor
Joseph Grasset
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Individual
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Individual
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Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to AT84420016T priority Critical patent/ATE21623T1/en
Publication of EP0116003A1 publication Critical patent/EP0116003A1/en
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Publication of EP0116003B1 publication Critical patent/EP0116003B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61J—CONTAINERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR MEDICAL OR PHARMACEUTICAL PURPOSES; DEVICES OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR BRINGING PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS INTO PARTICULAR PHYSICAL OR ADMINISTERING FORMS; DEVICES FOR ADMINISTERING FOOD OR MEDICINES ORALLY; BABY COMFORTERS; DEVICES FOR RECEIVING SPITTLE
    • A61J17/00—Baby-comforters; Teething rings
    • A61J17/001—Baby-comforters
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61J—CONTAINERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR MEDICAL OR PHARMACEUTICAL PURPOSES; DEVICES OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR BRINGING PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS INTO PARTICULAR PHYSICAL OR ADMINISTERING FORMS; DEVICES FOR ADMINISTERING FOOD OR MEDICINES ORALLY; BABY COMFORTERS; DEVICES FOR RECEIVING SPITTLE
    • A61J17/00—Baby-comforters; Teething rings
    • A61J17/02—Teething rings
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61J—CONTAINERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR MEDICAL OR PHARMACEUTICAL PURPOSES; DEVICES OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR BRINGING PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS INTO PARTICULAR PHYSICAL OR ADMINISTERING FORMS; DEVICES FOR ADMINISTERING FOOD OR MEDICINES ORALLY; BABY COMFORTERS; DEVICES FOR RECEIVING SPITTLE
    • A61J17/00—Baby-comforters; Teething rings
    • A61J17/10—Details; Accessories therefor
    • A61J17/105—Nipple attachments

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to two different types of infant articles, known for one under the name of "pacifier” (or sometimes “pacifier”), for the other under that of "dental ring".
  • pacifier or sometimes "pacifier”
  • dental ring we know that the first are simply intended to "occupy” the mouth of the infant by offering him something to chew, while the second have the function of promoting dentition after weaning.
  • the open base of the nipple is directly attached to an enlarged collar intended to limit sinking into the mouth, and it is closed by a ring arranged in such a way that its axis is oriented perpendicular to the axis. common of the nipple and the collar, this ring allowing the gripping of the article and possibly the passage of a link or other retaining clip.
  • the two separate parts are assembled to each other by bonding and it is understood that in the event of untimely separation, for example following a series of sterilizations by scalding, the infant risks swallow either of the two pieces.
  • the dental rings currently marketed are most often made of natural rubber with a high Shore hardness, although .different from that of the rubber used for making pacifiers, this hardness being essential if it is intended to promote the breakthrough of the teeth and calm the irritation of the gums.
  • the subject of the present invention is an article for infants capable of simultaneously forming a pacifier and a dental ring, thereby ensuring two functions which are complementary while being different, which article furthermore radically avoids any risk of dissociation of its constituent elements. while remaining susceptible to sterilization with water boiling.
  • the article according to the invention is essentially remarkable in that the nipple, produced separately from the collar, is made mechanically integral with the latter, which has two annular parts with parallel axes, at least one of the faces of these two parts. bearing profiled projections similar to those of a dental ring.
  • the article shown first comprises a nipple 1, advantageously produced by molding a pure rubber having the optimum flexibility for the intended use.
  • the open base of the body 10 of this nipple 1 has an internal annular shoulder 11 intended to form an abutment, as will be seen below, and it is extended by a bead 12 shaped so as to define a groove 13 that is not fully closed.
  • the nipple 1 is associated with a part 2, preferably obtained from molded rubber of an appropriate Shore hardness, different from that of said nipple.
  • This part 2 has two annular parts 20 and 21 with parallel axes, arranged tangentially to one another; the two opposite faces of these parts 20 and 21 have projections 22 identical to those of a conventional dental ring.
  • the inner edge of the part 20, intended to form a collar for the nipple 1, is integral with an extension 23 in the form of an annular bowl, the central opening of which is closed by a thin circular membrane 24, capable of deforming elastically; this menbrane 24 is pierced with a series of perforations 25 which, however, do not interest its central part. It will be observed that the inner wall of the extension or bowl 23 is hollowed out with an annular groove 26 "
  • the article according to the invention also comprises, in addition to an assembly ring 3 constituted by a simple closed ring, a shutter 4 itself made of molded plastic.
  • the body 40 of this shutter is pierced with an axial channel 41 with a conical profile, the outlet with a smaller diameter of said channel being located at the level of a semi-spherical bulge 42.
  • the body 40 is moreover integral around its periphery d 'a portion 43 in the form of an annular bowl.
  • the assembly provided by the ring 3 is protected from any risk of untimely separation.
  • the article produced somehow combines the specific functions of pacifiers and dental rings, it being observed that the separate production of parts 1 and 2 makes it possible to have recourse for materials of different consistencies and colors the combination of the pacifier and the dental ring facilitates the elimination of the use of the pacifier by the infant during the period when the dental ring is particularly useful to him and to which he is already accustomed, thus avoiding any disturbance.
  • the perforated membrane 24 and the channel 41 constitute a sort of one-way valve which prevents any air leakage through the shutter I, while allowing entry, inside the body 1 of the breast shield, of the quantity of air intended to compensate for the inevitable losses of air through the wall of said body under the effect of repeated chewing thereof, thereby avoiding any permanent deformation of the breast shield.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Pediatric Medicine (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Medical Preparation Storing Or Oral Administration Devices (AREA)
  • Medicines Containing Material From Animals Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
  • Confectionery (AREA)
  • Meat, Egg Or Seafood Products (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to an article for infants, forming a pacifier and a teething ring at the same time, wherein the open base of the pacifier teat is fixed by a ring in one of the two annular parts of a flange piece, the second part forming the teething ring and a ring for retaining and gripping. The opposite faces of the flange piece comprise sectioned projections similar to those of a conventional teething ring. A stopper occupies the center of the annular part which supports the teat and is adapted to constitute a one-way air valve thereinto.

Description

La présente invention a trait à deux types différents d'articles pour nourrissons, connus pour l'un sous le nom de "sucette" (ou parfois "tétine"), pour l'autre sous celui de "anneau dentaire". On sait que les premiers sont simplement destinés à "occuper" la bouche du nourrisson en lui offrant quelque chose à mastiquer, tandis que les seconds ont pour fonction de favoriser la dentition après le sevrage.The present invention relates to two different types of infant articles, known for one under the name of "pacifier" (or sometimes "pacifier"), for the other under that of "dental ring". We know that the first are simply intended to "occupy" the mouth of the infant by offering him something to chew, while the second have the function of promoting dentition after weaning.

Dans les sucettes usuelles, la base ouverte de la téterelle est directement solidaire d'une collerette élargie destinée à limiter l'enfoncement dans la bouche, et elle est fermée par un anneau disposé de façon telle que son axe est orienté perpendiculairement à l'axe commun de la téterelle et de la collerette, cet anneau permettant la préhension de l'article et éventuellement le passage d'un lien ou autre attache de retenue. En pratique, les deux pièces séparées sont assemblées l'une à l'autre par collage et l'on comprend qu'en cas de désolidarisation intempestive, par exemple à la suite d'une série de stérilisations par ébouillantage, le nourrisson risque d'avaler l'une ou l'autre des deux pièces.In conventional lollipops, the open base of the nipple is directly attached to an enlarged collar intended to limit sinking into the mouth, and it is closed by a ring arranged in such a way that its axis is oriented perpendicular to the axis. common of the nipple and the collar, this ring allowing the gripping of the article and possibly the passage of a link or other retaining clip. In practice, the two separate parts are assembled to each other by bonding and it is understood that in the event of untimely separation, for example following a series of sterilizations by scalding, the infant risks swallow either of the two pieces.

On rappelera par ailleurs que les anneaux dentaires actuellement commercialisés sont le plus souvent réalisés en un caoutchouc naturel d'une dureté Shore importante, bien .différente de celle du caoutchouc utilisé pour la réalisation des sucettes, cette dureté étant indispensable si l'on entend favoriser la percée des dents et calmer l'agacement des gencives.It will also be recalled that the dental rings currently marketed are most often made of natural rubber with a high Shore hardness, although .different from that of the rubber used for making pacifiers, this hardness being essential if it is intended to promote the breakthrough of the teeth and calm the irritation of the gums.

La présente invention a pour objet un article pour nourrissons propre à former simultanément sucette et anneau dentaire, en assurant de la sorte deux fonctions qui sont complémentaires tout en étant différentes, lequel article évite au surplus de façon radicale tout risque de dissociation de ses éléments constitutifs en restant susceptible d'être stérilisé à l'eau bouillante.The subject of the present invention is an article for infants capable of simultaneously forming a pacifier and a dental ring, thereby ensuring two functions which are complementary while being different, which article furthermore radically avoids any risk of dissociation of its constituent elements. while remaining susceptible to sterilization with water boiling.

L'article suivant l'invention est essentiellement remarquable en ce que la téterelle, réalisée séparément de la collerette, est rendue mécaniquement solidaire de cette dernière, qui présente deux parties annulaires à axes parallèles, l'une au moins des faces de ces deux parties portant des saillies profilées analogues à celles d'un anneau dentaire.The article according to the invention is essentially remarkable in that the nipple, produced separately from the collar, is made mechanically integral with the latter, which has two annular parts with parallel axes, at least one of the faces of these two parts. bearing profiled projections similar to those of a dental ring.

D'autres dispositions remarquables de l'article suivant l'invention, relatives notamment au mode de fixation de la base ouverte de la téterelle sur la collerette et à l'obturation de cette base, ressortiront de la description qui va suivre en référence au dessin annexé, sur lequel :

  • Fig. l est une coupe verticale schématique d'un article suivant l'invention.
  • Fig. 2 montre de la même manière les quatre éléments constitutifs de cet article, préalablement à leur assemblage.
Other remarkable provisions of the article according to the invention, relating in particular to the method of fixing the open base of the nipple to the flange and to the closure of this base, will emerge from the description which follows with reference to the drawing annexed, on which:
  • Fig. l is a schematic vertical section of an article according to the invention.
  • Fig. 2 similarly shows the four elements of this article, prior to their assembly.

L'article représenté comprend en premier lieu une téterelle 1, avantageusement réalisée par moulage d'un caoutchouc pur présentant la souplesse optimale pour l'emploi envisagé. La base ouverte du corps 10 de cette téterelle 1 comporte un épaulement annulaire interne 11 destiné à former butée, comme on le verra plus loin, et elle se prolonge par un bourrelet 12 profilé de manière à définir une gorge 13 incomplètement fermée.The article shown first comprises a nipple 1, advantageously produced by molding a pure rubber having the optimum flexibility for the intended use. The open base of the body 10 of this nipple 1 has an internal annular shoulder 11 intended to form an abutment, as will be seen below, and it is extended by a bead 12 shaped so as to define a groove 13 that is not fully closed.

La tétetelle 1 est associée à une pièce 2, préférablement obtenue en caoutchouc moulé d'une dureté Shore appropriée, différente de celle de ladite téterelle. Cette pièce 2 présente deux parties annulaires 20 et 21 à axes parallèles, disposées tangentiellement l'une à l'autre ; les deux faces opposées de ces parties 20 et 21 comportent des saillies 22 identiques à celles d'un anneau dentaire usuel.The nipple 1 is associated with a part 2, preferably obtained from molded rubber of an appropriate Shore hardness, different from that of said nipple. This part 2 has two annular parts 20 and 21 with parallel axes, arranged tangentially to one another; the two opposite faces of these parts 20 and 21 have projections 22 identical to those of a conventional dental ring.

Le bord intérieur de la partie 20, destinée à former collerette pour la téterelle 1, est solidaire d'un prolongement 23 en forme de cuvette annulaire dont l'ouverture centrale est fermée par une mince membrane circulaire 24, susceptible de se déformer élastiquement ; cette menbrane 24 est percée d'une série de perforations 25 qui n'intéressent toutefois pas sa partie centrale. On observera que la paroi intérieure du prolongement ou cuvette 23 est creusée d'une rainure annulaire 26"The inner edge of the part 20, intended to form a collar for the nipple 1, is integral with an extension 23 in the form of an annular bowl, the central opening of which is closed by a thin circular membrane 24, capable of deforming elastically; this menbrane 24 is pierced with a series of perforations 25 which, however, do not interest its central part. It will be observed that the inner wall of the extension or bowl 23 is hollowed out with an annular groove 26 "

L'article suivant l'invention comprend encore, outre une bague d'assemblage 3 constituée par un simple anneau fermé, un obturateur 4 lui-même réalisé en matière plastique moulée. Le corps 40 de cet obturateur est percé d'un canal axial 41 à profil conique, le débouché à plus petit diamètre dudit canal étant situé au niveau d'un renflement semi-sphérique 42. Le corps 40 est par ailleurs solidaire sur son pourtour d'une partie 43 en forme de cuvette annulaire.The article according to the invention also comprises, in addition to an assembly ring 3 constituted by a simple closed ring, a shutter 4 itself made of molded plastic. The body 40 of this shutter is pierced with an axial channel 41 with a conical profile, the outlet with a smaller diameter of said channel being located at the level of a semi-spherical bulge 42. The body 40 is moreover integral around its periphery d 'a portion 43 in the form of an annular bowl.

On peut voir en fig. 1 que les choses sont conformées et dimensionnées de façon telle que le bourrelet 12 de la base de la téterelle 1 vient s'encliqueter à l'intérieur de la coupelle 23, la solidarisation définitive étant opérée par la bague 3 engagée dans la gorge 13 dudit bourrelet dont le bord libre surépaissi vient lui-même se loger dans la rainure 26. La cuvette 23 est à son tour enfermée à l'intérieur de la partie annulaire 43 de l'obturateur 4, lequel est engagé à force dans l'ouverture de la cuvette 23 usqu'à buter contre l'épaulement 11 de la base du corps 10 de la téterelle 1 ; cet enfoncement à force a pour effet de repousser et de tendre la membrane centrale 24 qui vient plaquer contre le renflement 42.We can see in fig. 1 that things are shaped and dimensioned so that the bead 12 of the base of the nipple 1 snaps inside the cup 23, the final connection being effected by the ring 3 engaged in the groove 13 of said bead, the thickened free edge of which is itself housed in the groove 26. The bowl 23 is in turn enclosed inside the annular part 43 of the shutter 4, which is forcibly engaged in the opening of the bowl 23 until it abuts against the shoulder 11 of the base of the body 10 of the nipple 1; this forced insertion has the effect of pushing back and tensioning the central membrane 24 which presses against the bulge 42.

L'assemblage assuré par la bague 3 est à l'abri de tout risque de désolidarisation intempestive. L'article réalisé combine en quelque sorte les fonctions spécifiques des sucettes et des anneaux dentaires, étant observé que la réalisation séparée des pièces 1 et 2 permet d'avoir recours à des matières de consistances et de couleurs différentes la combinaison de la sucette et de l'anneau dentaire facilite la suppression de l'usage de la sucette par le nourrisson à la période où l'anneau dentaire lui est particulièrement utile et auquel il est déjà accoutumé, en évitant ainsi toute perturbation.The assembly provided by the ring 3 is protected from any risk of untimely separation. The article produced somehow combines the specific functions of pacifiers and dental rings, it being observed that the separate production of parts 1 and 2 makes it possible to have recourse for materials of different consistencies and colors the combination of the pacifier and the dental ring facilitates the elimination of the use of the pacifier by the infant during the period when the dental ring is particularly useful to him and to which he is already accustomed, thus avoiding any disturbance.

On notera également que la membrane perforée 24 et le canal 41 constituent une sorte de clapet unidirectionnel qui s'oppose à toute fuite d'air à travers l'obturateur I, tout en autorisant l'entrée, à l'intérieur du corps 1 de la téterelle, de la quantité d'air destinée à compenser les déperditions inévitables d'air à travers la paroi dudit corps sous l'effet des mastications répétées de celui-ci, en évitant de la sorte toute déformation permanente de la téterelle.It will also be noted that the perforated membrane 24 and the channel 41 constitute a sort of one-way valve which prevents any air leakage through the shutter I, while allowing entry, inside the body 1 of the breast shield, of the quantity of air intended to compensate for the inevitable losses of air through the wall of said body under the effect of repeated chewing thereof, thereby avoiding any permanent deformation of the breast shield.

Claims (4)

1. Article pour nourrissons propre à former simultanément sucette et anneau dentaire, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend une téterelle (1) dont la base ouverte est assemblée mécaniquement à une pièce (2) présentant deux parties annulaires (20 et 21) à axes parallèles dont l'une au moins des faces est pourvue de saillies profilées (22) analogues à celles d'un anneau dentaire, l'une (20) desdites parties annulaires constituant une collerette (20) limitant l'enfoncement de la téterelle (1) dans la bouche tandis que l'autre (21) forme anneau de préhension et de retenue.1. Article for infants suitable for simultaneously forming a pacifier and a dental ring, characterized in that it comprises a nipple (1), the open base of which is mechanically assembled to a part (2) having two annular parts (20 and 21) with axes parallel, at least one of the faces of which is provided with profiled projections (22) similar to those of a dental ring, one (20) of said annular parts constituting a flange (20) limiting the insertion of the nipple (1 ) in the mouth while the other (21) forms a grip and retaining ring. 2. Article suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'assemblage mécanique de la téterelle (1) et de la pièce (2) est assuré par une bague (3) introduite à force dans la gorge (13) définie par un bourrelet (12) prévu au niveau de la base ouverte du corps (10) de ladite téterelle, lequel bourrelet est logé à l'intérieur d'une cuvette annulaire (23) solidaire du bord interne de la partie ou collerette (20) de la pièce (2).2. Article according to claim 1, characterized in that the mechanical assembly of the nipple (1) and of the part (2) is ensured by a ring (3) introduced by force into the groove (13) defined by a bead (12) provided at the open base of the body (10) of said nipple, which bead is housed inside an annular bowl (23) integral with the internal edge of the part or flange (20) of the part (2). 3. Article suivant la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que la partie centrale de la cuvette annulaire (23) reçoit un obturateur (4) qui ferme l'espace intérieur de la téterelle (1) et qui est pourvu d'une partie annulaire (43) propre à venir coiffer la cuvette (23) de la pièce (2).3. Article according to claim 2, characterized in that the central part of the annular bowl (23) receives a shutter (4) which closes the interior space of the nipple (1) and which is provided with an annular part ( 43) suitable for covering the bowl (23) of the part (2). 4. Article suivant la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que le corps (40) de l'obturateur (4) est percé axialement d'un canal (41) tandis que la partie centrale de la cuvette (23) de la pièce (2) est fermée par une mince membrane perforée élastiquement déformable (24), le canal et la membrane précités constituant un clapet unidirectionnel.4. Article according to claim 2, characterized in that the body (40) of the shutter (4) is pierced axially with a channel (41) while the central part of the bowl (23) of the part (2 ) is closed by a thin, elastically deformable perforated membrane (24), the aforementioned channel and membrane constituting a one-way valve.
EP84420016A 1983-02-10 1984-02-01 Article for babies suitable to form simultaneously a soother and a teething ring Expired EP0116003B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT84420016T ATE21623T1 (en) 1983-02-10 1984-02-01 ARTICLE FOR INFANTS SUITABLE TO FORM A PACIFIER AND A TEETHING RING AT THE SAME TIME.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8302444A FR2540723A1 (en) 1983-02-10 1983-02-10 IMPROVEMENTS ON LOLLIPPS OR TEAS FOR INFANTS
FR8302444 1983-02-10

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0116003A1 true EP0116003A1 (en) 1984-08-15
EP0116003B1 EP0116003B1 (en) 1986-08-27

Family

ID=9285943

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP84420016A Expired EP0116003B1 (en) 1983-02-10 1984-02-01 Article for babies suitable to form simultaneously a soother and a teething ring

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US4577632A (en)
EP (1) EP0116003B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE21623T1 (en)
CA (1) CA1230792A (en)
DE (1) DE3460523D1 (en)
ES (1) ES277191Y (en)
FR (1) FR2540723A1 (en)

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FR3093922A1 (en) * 2019-03-22 2020-09-25 Cva Technology Pure Silicone Group Ag Baby pacifier and associated manufacturing process

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US6554023B2 (en) * 2001-06-13 2003-04-29 Baxter International Inc. Vacuum demand flow valve
DE102006000980B4 (en) * 2006-01-07 2014-07-17 Mapa Gmbh Sucker, pacifier, drinking spout and teething ring and process for their preparation
US20080172089A1 (en) * 2007-01-17 2008-07-17 Fernandez Melissa J Pacifier with integral protective nipple housing
CA2624570A1 (en) * 2008-03-07 2009-09-07 Pierrette D`Entremont Device for stimulating, focusing and soothing a person
US8066738B2 (en) 2008-03-31 2011-11-29 Playtex Products, Inc. Pacifier
GB0922607D0 (en) * 2009-12-23 2010-02-10 Jackel Int Ltd Teether
USD658303S1 (en) 2011-04-15 2012-04-24 Playtex Products, Llc Three petal teether
USD658773S1 (en) 2011-04-15 2012-05-01 Playtex Products, Llc Two petal teether
USD657471S1 (en) 2011-04-15 2012-04-10 Playtex Products, Llc Four petal teether
US10258544B2 (en) * 2016-05-11 2019-04-16 Byongchul Kim Infant pacificer holder and teether

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FR779618A (en) * 1934-10-13 1935-04-10 Biberon Robert Improvements made to the assembly of pacifiers
US3267937A (en) * 1964-04-23 1966-08-23 Dunhill International Inc Teething ring-pacifier
FR1546837A (en) * 1966-10-11 1968-11-22 Baby pacifier
US3669117A (en) * 1970-04-22 1972-06-13 Murry Herbst Combination teether and pacifier
US3662756A (en) * 1970-05-07 1972-05-16 Albert S Hakim Pacifiers

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1991011982A1 (en) * 1990-02-09 1991-08-22 Mam Babyartikel Gesellschaft M.B.H. Child's dummy
US5403349A (en) * 1990-02-09 1995-04-04 Mam Babyartikel Gelsellschaft M.B.H. Child's dummy
FR3093922A1 (en) * 2019-03-22 2020-09-25 Cva Technology Pure Silicone Group Ag Baby pacifier and associated manufacturing process

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ES277191Y (en) 1976-07-16
CA1230792A (en) 1987-12-29
ES277191U (en) 1988-06-01
DE3460523D1 (en) 1986-10-02
US4577632A (en) 1986-03-25
FR2540723A1 (en) 1984-08-17
EP0116003B1 (en) 1986-08-27
ATE21623T1 (en) 1986-09-15
FR2540723B1 (en) 1985-05-17

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