EP0113732A1 - Transducteur electromagnetique-acoustique - Google Patents

Transducteur electromagnetique-acoustique

Info

Publication number
EP0113732A1
EP0113732A1 EP83901888A EP83901888A EP0113732A1 EP 0113732 A1 EP0113732 A1 EP 0113732A1 EP 83901888 A EP83901888 A EP 83901888A EP 83901888 A EP83901888 A EP 83901888A EP 0113732 A1 EP0113732 A1 EP 0113732A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
diaphragm
transducer
zones
magnets
conductor
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP83901888A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0113732A4 (fr
Inventor
Anthony Bernard Clarke
Grant William Evans
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP0113732A1 publication Critical patent/EP0113732A1/fr
Publication of EP0113732A4 publication Critical patent/EP0113732A4/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R9/00—Transducers of moving-coil, moving-strip, or moving-wire type
    • H04R9/02—Details
    • H04R9/04—Construction, mounting, or centering of coil
    • H04R9/046—Construction
    • H04R9/047—Construction in which the windings of the moving coil lay in the same plane

Definitions

  • THIS INVENTION relates to electromagnetic acoustic transducers such as loudspeakers and headphones.
  • One known type of electromagnetic acoustic transducer comprises a diaphragm having on one of its faces an audio ⁇ frequency current conductor which divides the diaphragm into a series of parallel strips and defines spaced parallel current paths along the longitudinal sides of the strips.
  • a series of permanent magnets are disposed in spaced relation with the diaphragm and are arranged to produce a magnetic field orthogonal to each current path whereby during passage of an audio-frequency current through the conductor interaction between the audio ⁇ frequency current passing along the current paths and the magnetic fields generates driving forces for effecting vibration of the diaphragm.
  • a transducer of this type has a relatively low mass diaphragm which produces good treble response.
  • the transducer does have a disadvantage in that the driving forces for effecting vibration of the diaphragm are only applied to the longitudinal sides of the parallel strips on the diaphragm.
  • acoustically rigid when used herein in relation to a zone defined on a diaphragm is taken to mean that the zone is capable of vibrating to generate sound waves up to a predetermined frequency, with break-up free motion (i.e. without the formation of standing waves on the zone of the diaphragm) .
  • the invention resides in an electromagnetic acoustic transducer comprising a diaphragm having on at least one face an audio-frequency current conductor, the conductor being arranged in a waveform pattern to divide the diaphragm into a plurality of acoustically rigid zones and define current paths along the sides of the zones, an array of magnets so arranged that magnetic fields produced thereby interact with the current paths along the sides of the zones whereby during passage of an audio-frequency current through the conductor interaction between the audio-frequency current passing along the current paths and the respective magnetic fields causes vibration of the diaphragm.
  • the waveform pattern may be of a castellated or sawtooth formation.
  • the zones are preferably of rectangular configuration.
  • the diaphragm may be of flexible material and the zones rendered acoustically rigid by tension on the diaphragm.
  • the diaphragm may be of flexible material and the zones
  • the rigidising means may comprise a compound formation, such as a compound curve, in the diaphragm at each zone.
  • the diaphragm may be of substantially rigid material.
  • Figure 1 is a perspective view of a transducer according to the first embodiment, with the transducer being partially cut away for clarity of detail;
  • Figure 2 is a sectional view which is partially cut away and taken along the line of 2-2 of figure 1;
  • Figure 3 is a plan view illustrating an alternative construction of diaphragm for the embodiment of figures 1 and 2;
  • Figure 4 is a plan view illustrating a further altern ⁇ ative construction of diaphragm for the embodiment of • figures 1 and 2;
  • Figure 5 is a perspective view of a transducer according to a further embodiment, with the transducer being cut away for clarity of detail;
  • Figure 6 is a plan view of the diaphragm of the trans ⁇ ducer of figure 5;
  • Figure 7 is a sectional view along the line 7-7 of figure 6;
  • Figure 8 is a sectional view along the line 8-8 of figure 6;
  • Figure 9 is a diagrammatic sectional view illustrating the diaphragm and magnet arrangement of a transducer according to a still further embodiment
  • Figure 10 is a diagrammatic sectional view illustrating the diaphragm and magnet arrangement of a transducer according to a still further embodiment.
  • OMPI Figure 11 is a diagrammatic sectional view illustrating a d iaphragm suspension system of a still further embodiment.
  • the electromagnetic transducer comprises a flexible diaphragm 11 of relatively light mass which, by way of example only, may be formed of any of a number of film type materials such as polyester film, polycarbonate film or polypropylene film, a paper material or a non-magnetic metal foil such as aluminium.
  • film type materials such as polyester film, polycarbonate film or polypropylene film, a paper material or a non-magnetic metal foil such as aluminium.
  • the diaphragm 11 is under tension in both longitudinal and lateral directions and is adhesively bonded or otherwise secured at its periphery to a rigid peripheral frame 13.
  • the frame defines an open area on each side of the diaphragm to accomodate excursions of the diaphragm during vibration thereof.
  • an audio-frequency current conductor 15 arranged in a castellated pattern to divide the diaphragm into a plurality of substantially rectangular zones 17 and define current paths 16 along the sides of the zones.
  • the zones 17 (apart from alternate zones at the periphery of the diaphragm) each have a current path 16 along each of its respective sides.
  • a current path can be provided along the outermost side of each peripheral zone. This has the effect of providing a pair of current paths along the other sides of the peripheral zones and along each side of the other zones. While increasing cost, this arrangement is advantageous as it results in the application of an
  • the audio frequency conductor 15 may be in the form of a metal foil of aluminium or copper, the former being preferred as it has a higher conductivity per unit weight.
  • the diaphragm may be made by etching from a metal foil plastic film laminate or the metal foil conductor may be applied to the diaphragm by conventional techniques such as printing, silk screening or deposition.
  • the conductor may be in the form of aluminium or copper wire bonded onto the diaphragm. It will of course be appreciated that in circumstances where the diaphragm is of metal foil or other electrically conductive material, the conductor would be insulated from the diaphragm.
  • each backing member 19 may be formed integral with, or formed separately from and secured to, the peripheral frame 13.
  • An array of permanent magnets 21 is attached to each backing member 19 on the side thereof adjacent the diaphragm 11.
  • the magnets 21 are arranged in a series of rows and columns, with each magnet of both arrays being disposed within the projected plane of a respective zone 17 on the diaphragm.
  • the magnets are in the shape of prisms with the outer or pole faces 23 being of configuration which is geometrically similar to the configuration of the zones 17; in this case, rectangular.
  • the pole faces of adjacent magnets in each array are of opposite polarity
  • the pole faces of the magnets are spaced from the diaphrag to an extent that the diaphragm does not contact the pol faces during its excursions.
  • Each backing member 19 provides a low reluctance path fo magnetic fields at the faces of the magnets adjacen thereto and has the effect of concentrating the respectiv magnetic fields extending between the pole faces 23 of th magnets. The effect of this is that the magnetic fields ar orthogonal to the respective current paths 16.
  • each backing member 19 i acoustically transparent and, in the illustrate embodiment, this is effected by perforations 25 formed i the backing member in the regions thereof between adjacen magnets.
  • Figures 3 and 4 of the drawings illustrate variations i the arrangement of the audio-frequency current conductor o the diaphragm and the reference numerals in these tw figures refer to the same parts as described in relation t the embodiment of figures 1 and 2.
  • the conductor 15 is arranged in sawtooth pattern to divide the diaphragm 11 into plurality of substantially rectangular zones 17.
  • Figure illustrates a construction in which the conductor 15 i arranged in a sawtooth pattern to divide the diaphragm 11 into a plurality of substantially triangular zones. Wit this arrangement the poles faces of the magnets 21 (depicted by the broken lines) are of a configuration whic is geometrically similar to the configuration of the triangular zones.
  • an electromagnetic acoustic transducer comprising a diaphragm 111 having on each face thereof an audio-frequency conductor 115 (the conductor on the lower face of the diaphragm being omitted in Figure 5 for purposes of clarity) .
  • the audio-frequency conductors 115a and 115b are arranged on the diaphragm in a castellated pattern to divide the diaphragm into a plurality of substantially rectangular zones 117 and define current paths 116 along the sides of the zones.
  • the conductors 115a and 115b are of similar configuration to each other but are 180 out of phase (as best seen in Figure 6 of the drawings), whereby at least one conductor path 116 is along each side of each zone. In fact, a pair of current paths are provided along each side of all zones 117 apart from the zones at the periphery of the diaphragm. It should be appreciated that the conductor 115a and 115b may be arranged on the diaphragm in other suitable patterns, such as for example a sawtooth pattern. It is however preferred that the zones 117 are of substantially rectangular configuration. In addition, it should be appreciated that only one conductor may be provided on the diaphragm if desired (as was the case in the embodiment of figures 1 and 2) .
  • T h e d iaphragm 111 is formed of flexible sheet material and has rigidising means 118 at the zones 117 to render the zones acoustically rigid.
  • the rigidising means 118 comprise compound formations in the diaphragm at the respective zones.
  • the compound formations are each in the form of a hemispherical dome which blends into a rectangular base at or adjacent the periphery of the respective zone.
  • the compound formation may comprise a hollow cone which blends into a rectangular base or a hollow pyramidal shape having a rectangular base.
  • the diaphragm 111 may be of any suitable plastics material such as polyester or polycarbonate, of metal such as copper alloy, aluminium or titanium, or of composite materials.
  • the diaphragm 111 may be formed with the compound formations 118 by any suitable technique such as vacuum moulding, injection moulding or press forming.
  • the diaphragm 111 is supported at its periphery by a suspension system 120 which permits vibratory movement of the diaphragm in a direction substantially perpendicular to the plane of the diaphragm.
  • the suspension system is formed integral with the diaphragm and secured to a peripheral frame 113.
  • the suspension system may be formed separately from the diaphragm and the diaphragm bonded or otherwise secured at its periphery to the suspension system.
  • an acoustically transparent backing member 119 of magnetic material such as steel Spaced from the diaphragm 111 on the side thereof remote from the protruding compound formations 118 is an acoustically transparent backing member 119 of magnetic material such as steel.
  • the backing member 119 may be formed integral with or separately from the peripheral frame 113.
  • An array of permanent magnets 121 are attached to the backing member 119 on the side thereof facing the diaphrag 111.
  • the magnets 121 are arranged in a series of rows and columns with each magnet being disposed within the projected plane of a respective zone 117 and with the pole faces of adjacent magnets o opposite polarity.
  • the magnets 121 are in the shape o prisms with the pole faces 123 being of a configuration which is geometrically similar to that of the zones 117.
  • the backing member provides a low reluctance path for magnetic fields at those faces of the magnets adjacent thereto and has the effect of concentrating the magnetic fields extending between the pole faces.
  • the effect of this is that the magnetic fields are orthogonal to the respec ⁇ tive current paths.
  • the transducer according to this embodiment operates in a manner somewhat similar to the embodiments described before ⁇ hand, except that acoustic rigidity of the zones 117 is maintained by the compounded formation 118 rather than by tension on the diaphragm.
  • transducers of the embodiments illustrated in figures 9, 10 and 11 are somewhat similar to the transducer illustrated in figures 5 to 8, and the reference numerals used in figures 9, 10 and 11 refer to the same parts as described in relation to the embodiment of figures 5 to 8.
  • the transducer illustrated therein differs from that of figures 5 to 8 in that there is an audio-frequency conductor 115 on only one face of the diaphragm and it is in the form of a ribbon bonded to the diaphragm 111 in an edge-on manner.
  • the respective current paths 116 defined by the ribbon are located within the region 122 between adjacent poles shoes 124 mounted on the pole faces of the permanent magnets 121.
  • the ribbon may be curved along its length to provide lateral rigidity.
  • the ribbon 115 may be bonded or otherwise secured to a mount extending outwardly from the plane of the diaphragm.
  • Figure 10 illustrates an arrangement in which a permanent magnet 121 is provided within the projected plane of alter ⁇ nate zones 117a only, the projected planes of the other zones 117b being occupied by pole shoes 126 integral wit or in contact with the backing- member 119.
  • the permanent magnets 121 are so arranged that their pole faces are o the same polarity and each is fitted with a pole shoe 124. Magnetic fields are established between adjacent pole shoes 124 and 126, and the arrangement eliminates the necessit for a permanent magnet corresponding to each zone 117.
  • FIG 11 there is illustrated an alternative arrangement for suspending the diaphragm 111. Rather tha being supported at its periphery, the diaphragm is supported within its perimeter by a plurality of resilien support members 129.
  • the resilient support members 129 are fitted between the respective apexes 131 of a plurality o the rigidising formations 118 in the diaphragm and a rigi member 133 mounted in spaced relation with the diaphragm.
  • the diaphragm may be formed of rigid material.
  • the diaphragm may be supported by a peripheral suspensio system similar to that incorporated in the embodiment figures 5 to 8, or by a suspension system similar to th incorporated in the embodiment of figure 11.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Audible-Bandwidth Dynamoelectric Transducers Other Than Pickups (AREA)
  • Diaphragms For Electromechanical Transducers (AREA)

Abstract

Un transducteur électromagnétique possède un diaphragme (11); sur au moins une face de celui-ci, l'on trouve un conducteur de courant de fréquence acoustique (15). Le conducteur (15) est agencé en une configuration de forme d'ondes pour diviser le diaphragme (11) en une pluralité de zones acoustiquement rigides (17) et définir des chemins de passage de courant (16) le long des côtés des zones (17). Un réseau d'aimants (21) est prévu pour produire un champ magnétique orthogonal à chaque chemin de passage de courant (16) de sorte qu'une interaction entre les champs magnétiques et un courant de fréquence acoustique passant le long des chemins de courant (16) fait vibrer le diaphragme (11).
EP19830901888 1982-07-19 1983-06-27 Transducteur electromagnetique-acoustique. Withdrawn EP0113732A4 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AUPF492482 1982-07-19
AU4924/82 1982-07-19
AUPF584582 1982-09-13
AU5845/82 1982-09-13
AUPF687782 1982-11-19
AU6877/82 1982-11-19

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0113732A1 true EP0113732A1 (fr) 1984-07-25
EP0113732A4 EP0113732A4 (fr) 1986-02-13

Family

ID=27157158

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19830901888 Withdrawn EP0113732A4 (fr) 1982-07-19 1983-06-27 Transducteur electromagnetique-acoustique.

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0113732A4 (fr)
JP (1) JPS59501289A (fr)
WO (1) WO1984000460A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (23)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2175771B (en) * 1985-04-17 1989-01-11 Geoquip Security Systems Ltd Vibration sensitive transducer
WO1991004643A1 (fr) * 1989-09-22 1991-04-04 Anthony Leonard Trufitt Haut-parleurs plans
GB2248006A (en) * 1990-04-25 1992-03-18 Haqi Ismail Hussain Almossawi A responsive robotic technique
US5430805A (en) * 1990-12-27 1995-07-04 Chain Reactions, Inc. Planar electromagnetic transducer
FR2687035A1 (fr) * 1992-02-05 1993-08-06 Navarron Jean Pierre Dispositif de reproduction du son par deplacement d'une lame d'air.
GB2265519A (en) * 1992-03-19 1993-09-29 Jonathan Neil Smith Flat monopole loudspeaker
US5627903A (en) * 1993-10-06 1997-05-06 Chain Reactions, Inc. Variable geometry electromagnetic transducer
JP3159714B2 (ja) * 1997-07-09 2001-04-23 ソニックウィンドウ株式会社 平面型音響変換装置
US6104825A (en) * 1997-08-27 2000-08-15 Eminent Technology Incorporated Planar magnetic transducer with distortion compensating diaphragm
JP4588944B2 (ja) * 2001-09-19 2010-12-01 株式会社エフ・ピー・エス 平面型音響変換装置
EP2234409A3 (fr) * 2002-02-28 2010-10-06 The Furukawa Electric Co., Ltd. Haut-parleur planaire
CN101877809B (zh) * 2002-05-02 2013-06-12 哈曼国际工业有限公司 电动扬声器及在其上通风的方法
WO2007135680A1 (fr) 2006-05-22 2007-11-29 Audio Pixels Ltd. Appareils et procédés pour générer des ondes de pression
US8457338B2 (en) 2006-05-22 2013-06-04 Audio Pixels Ltd. Apparatus and methods for generating pressure waves
WO2007135679A2 (fr) 2006-05-22 2007-11-29 Audio Pixels Ltd. Systèmes et procédés de commande de volume pour haut-parleurs numériques directs
GB2443228B (en) * 2006-10-25 2010-02-10 Gary Paul Nicholson Piezo-electric loudspeaker
US8780673B2 (en) 2007-11-21 2014-07-15 Audio Pixels Ltd. Digital speaker apparatus
JP2010245601A (ja) * 2009-04-01 2010-10-28 Foster Electric Co Ltd 全面駆動スピーカ
US9391541B2 (en) 2010-03-11 2016-07-12 Audio Pixels Ltd. Electrostatic parallel plate actuators whose moving elements are driven only by electrostatic force and methods useful in conjunction therewith
US9425708B2 (en) 2010-11-26 2016-08-23 Audio Pixels Ltd. Apparatus and methods for individual addressing and noise reduction in actuator arrays
US10007244B2 (en) 2012-05-25 2018-06-26 Audio Pixels Ltd. System, a method and a computer program product for controlling a set of actuator elements
DK2856769T3 (en) 2012-05-25 2018-10-22 Audio Pixels Ltd SYSTEM, PROCEDURE AND COMPUTER PROGRAM PRODUCT TO CONTROL A GROUP OF ACTUATOR SYSTEMS FOR CREATING A PHYSICAL EFFECT
US10520601B2 (en) 2015-04-15 2019-12-31 Audio Pixels Ltd. Methods and systems for detecting at least the position of an object in space

Citations (6)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1329295A (fr) * 1962-07-19 1963-06-07 Philips Nv Système magnétique du type électro-dynamique
NL6613713A (fr) * 1966-09-29 1968-04-01
DE2442854A1 (de) * 1973-09-14 1975-03-20 Akg Akustische Kino Geraete Elektrodynamischer wandler, insbesondere schallwandler
US3873784A (en) * 1973-03-29 1975-03-25 Audio Arts Inc Acoustic transducer
FR2450020A1 (fr) * 1979-02-20 1980-09-19 Soria Jean Yves Haut-parleur electrodynamique multicellulaire
US4337379A (en) * 1979-01-16 1982-06-29 Nippon Gakki Seizo Kabushiki Kaisha Planar electrodynamic electroacoustic transducer

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2461258C3 (de) * 1974-12-23 1978-09-07 Foster Electric Co., Ltd., Tokio Membran für einen elektroakustischen Wandler
GB1471297A (en) * 1974-12-23 1977-04-21 Foster Electric Co Ltd Electrodynamic type electroacoustic transducer
US4210786A (en) * 1979-01-24 1980-07-01 Magnepan, Incorporated Magnetic field structure for planar speaker
NL7908447A (nl) * 1979-11-20 1981-06-16 Philips Nv Magneetsysteem voor een electroakoestische omzetter.
FR2477821A1 (fr) * 1980-03-06 1981-09-11 3A Art Acoustique Appliquee Sa Haut-parleur electrodynamique
US4544805A (en) * 1981-09-25 1985-10-01 Tadashi Sawafuji Plane speaker

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1329295A (fr) * 1962-07-19 1963-06-07 Philips Nv Système magnétique du type électro-dynamique
NL6613713A (fr) * 1966-09-29 1968-04-01
US3873784A (en) * 1973-03-29 1975-03-25 Audio Arts Inc Acoustic transducer
DE2442854A1 (de) * 1973-09-14 1975-03-20 Akg Akustische Kino Geraete Elektrodynamischer wandler, insbesondere schallwandler
US4337379A (en) * 1979-01-16 1982-06-29 Nippon Gakki Seizo Kabushiki Kaisha Planar electrodynamic electroacoustic transducer
FR2450020A1 (fr) * 1979-02-20 1980-09-19 Soria Jean Yves Haut-parleur electrodynamique multicellulaire

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See also references of WO8400460A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0113732A4 (fr) 1986-02-13
WO1984000460A1 (fr) 1984-02-02
JPS59501289A (ja) 1984-07-19

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PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

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A4 Supplementary search report drawn up and despatched

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