Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N53/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing cyclopropane carboxylic acids or derivatives thereof
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
  • A01N25/22—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests containing ingredients stabilising the active ingredients
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
  • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
  • A61K31/41—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with two or more ring hetero atoms, at least one of which being nitrogen, e.g. tetrazole
  • A61K31/425—Thiazoles

Definitions

• This invention relates to parasiticidal formulations which are useful in eradicating and/or controlling both endo- and ectoparasites which attack warm-blooded non-human animals.
• animals such as sheep and cattle can be simultaneously infested under certain conditions uith both endoparasites, including for example helminths such as gut and lungw ⁇ rms and ectoparasites including for example lice, keds, mites, ticks and fleas.
• helminths such as gut and lungw ⁇ rms
• ectoparasites including for example lice, keds, mites, ticks and fleas.
• known insecticides are selective in being either endoparasiticidal or ectoparasiticidal and if it is desired to control both types of parasite then separate applications of the insecticides are usually necessary.
• cypermethrin NRDC 149
• NRDC 149 whose preparation is described in UK patent No. 1,413,491.
• the term cypermethrin is used herein to embrace all isomers of: ⁇ - cyano -3-phenocyphenyl (-) -cis, trans -2,2- dimethyl-3-(2, 2-dichloro ⁇ inyl) -cydopropanecarboxylate
• cypermethrin as a pour-on formulation for controlling ectoparasites and blowfly myiasis is described in our copending application No. 8205879.
• tetramisole (2,3,5,6 - tetrahydro-6-phenylimidazo-2, 1-6thiazole) and its laevo isomer levamisole.
• Tetramisole and levamisole are described in UK patent No. 1,043,489.
• a further object is to provide a pour-on or spot-on endo- and ectoparasiticidal formulation of cypermethrin and levamisole (or tetramisole) in a suitable solvent and which retains useful or unimpaired efficacy against parasites after storage of the formulation for a prolonged period e.g. greater than one year.
• a parasiticidal formulation which comprises a mixture of items (i) to (iii) below in a suitable solvent: (i) cypermethrin, (ii) levamisole, and (iii) an amount of a soluble acid effective in retarding or preventing decomposition of either
• parasites are meant to include endo parasites, e.g. gut and lungworms, as well as ectoparasites, e.g. lice, keds, mites, ticks, fleas, blowfly.
• controlling parasites is meant to include the interference with the development and/or the reproduction of said parasites.
• unimpaired efficacy means that the formulations have an efficacy which is unimpaired in comparison with the efficacy of two compositions comprising the same amount of levamisole and cypermethrin separately.
• useful efficacy means that the formulations have an efficacy greater than mixture which has undergone decomposition but less than unimpaired efficacy.
• tetramisole may be used or a mixture of tetramisole and levamisole.
• the preferred acids are optionally substituted aliphatic carb ⁇ xylic acids, either single acids or combinations of one or more and preferably having a pKa value in the range from 0.6 to 6.0.
• Suitable acids are citric acid, acetic acid and malonic acid.
• the acid(s) should be selected to minimise any irritation to the animal and maximise stability.
• the solvents selected for the formulations of the invention may be known insecticidal solvents.
• Selection is based on the criteria:- a) ability to dissolve both actives, and the stabilising acids, b) ability to facilitate the spread of the cypermethrin across the skin surface of the target species, c) ability to facilitate penetration of the levamisole through the skin of the target species, d) avoidance of significant adverse skin reactions on the target species, e) avoidance of troublesome properties such as toxicity, inflammability, unacceptable odou , high freezing point.
• the solvent choice for c) and d) will depend on the target species as a solvent system with no drawbacks on cattle may not be acceptable for treatment of sheep, and vice-versa. Also it is unlikely that one single solvent will meet all the above criteria.
• etheralcohols such as butyl dioxitol, monoterpenes containing hydrocarbon and ether functions such as eucalyptus oil and terpinolene, and polar oxygenated solvents such as dimethyl sulphoxide and dimethylformamide.
• BHT butylated hydroxy toluene
• ingredients can be dissolved in one or more alcohols of formula:-
• the solvent may comprise & majror part of this alcohol which exhibits excellent spreading and absorbtion characteristics.
• Cypermethrin will be used in most instances at between 21 ⁇ 2-10 mg/kg liveweight, depending on the species and parasite, with levamisole used at 5-15 mg/kg liveweight. This gives guidance on choice of active ratio and concentrations as below:- Active Ratio
• Cypermethrin/Levamisole will normally be used between the ratios 1:4 and 1:1, depending on the species and the parasite under attack. Concentration
• Solubility may again impose limits, but up to
• the mixture formed a clear homogenous solution, effective in controlling both ectoparasites and endoparasites on cattle, and without sign of unuanted side effects. Stability indications were satisfactory, and shelf-life expectation is high.
• the active ratio may be 1 cypermethrin: 2 levamisole.
• a maximum concentration may be 10% w/v cypermethrin:
• the solvent may include oxygenated compounds such as glycols, ethers and esters. Acid proportions may be up to 20% w/v for malonic or citric acid and up to 10% w/v acetic acid.

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• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Zoology (AREA)
• Environmental Sciences (AREA)
• Plant Pathology (AREA)
• Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Dentistry (AREA)
• Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
• Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Toxicology (AREA)
• Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
• Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
• Epidemiology (AREA)
• Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
• Public Health (AREA)
• Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
• Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
• Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
• Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
• Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

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• 1983
  • 1983-06-21 AU AU16113/83A patent/AU1611383A/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1983-06-22 GB GB08316960A patent/GB2122902B/en not_active Expired
  • 1983-06-28 NZ NZ20473583A patent/NZ204735A/en unknown
  • 1983-06-30 EP EP19830902112 patent/EP0112878A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 1983-06-30 WO PCT/GB1983/000166 patent/WO1984000095A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1983-07-01 IE IE154683A patent/IE55205B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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