EP0112223A1 - Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Herstellen einer Faser, die ihre kreisförmige Polarisation beibehält - Google Patents

Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Herstellen einer Faser, die ihre kreisförmige Polarisation beibehält Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0112223A1
EP0112223A1 EP83402296A EP83402296A EP0112223A1 EP 0112223 A1 EP0112223 A1 EP 0112223A1 EP 83402296 A EP83402296 A EP 83402296A EP 83402296 A EP83402296 A EP 83402296A EP 0112223 A1 EP0112223 A1 EP 0112223A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fiber
source
torsion
reflow
stresses
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP83402296A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0112223B1 (de
Inventor
Philippe Graindorge
Hervé Arditty
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Thales SA
Original Assignee
Thomson CSF SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Thomson CSF SA filed Critical Thomson CSF SA
Publication of EP0112223A1 publication Critical patent/EP0112223A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0112223B1 publication Critical patent/EP0112223B1/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
    • G02B6/105—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type having optical polarisation effects
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B37/00—Manufacture or treatment of flakes, fibres, or filaments from softened glass, minerals, or slags
    • C03B37/01—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments
    • C03B37/02—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments by drawing or extruding, e.g. direct drawing of molten glass from nozzles; Cooling fins therefor
    • C03B37/022—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments by drawing or extruding, e.g. direct drawing of molten glass from nozzles; Cooling fins therefor from molten glass in which the resultant product consists of different sorts of glass or is characterised by shape, e.g. hollow fibres, undulated fibres, fibres presenting a rough surface
    • C03B37/023—Fibres composed of different sorts of glass, e.g. glass optical fibres, made by the double crucible technique
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B37/00—Manufacture or treatment of flakes, fibres, or filaments from softened glass, minerals, or slags
    • C03B37/01—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments
    • C03B37/02—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments by drawing or extruding, e.g. direct drawing of molten glass from nozzles; Cooling fins therefor
    • C03B37/025—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments by drawing or extruding, e.g. direct drawing of molten glass from nozzles; Cooling fins therefor from reheated softened tubes, rods, fibres or filaments, e.g. drawing fibres from preforms
    • C03B37/027—Fibres composed of different sorts of glass, e.g. glass optical fibres
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B37/00—Manufacture or treatment of flakes, fibres, or filaments from softened glass, minerals, or slags
    • C03B37/01—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments
    • C03B37/02—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments by drawing or extruding, e.g. direct drawing of molten glass from nozzles; Cooling fins therefor
    • C03B37/025—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments by drawing or extruding, e.g. direct drawing of molten glass from nozzles; Cooling fins therefor from reheated softened tubes, rods, fibres or filaments, e.g. drawing fibres from preforms
    • C03B37/029—Furnaces therefor
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B37/00—Manufacture or treatment of flakes, fibres, or filaments from softened glass, minerals, or slags
    • C03B37/10—Non-chemical treatment
    • C03B37/14—Re-forming fibres or filaments, i.e. changing their shape
    • C03B37/15—Re-forming fibres or filaments, i.e. changing their shape with heat application, e.g. for making optical fibres
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C25/00—Surface treatment of fibres or filaments made from glass, minerals or slags
    • C03C25/10—Coating
    • C03C25/104—Coating to obtain optical fibres
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C25/00—Surface treatment of fibres or filaments made from glass, minerals or slags
    • C03C25/10—Coating
    • C03C25/12—General methods of coating; Devices therefor
    • C03C25/18—Extrusion
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B2203/00—Fibre product details, e.g. structure, shape
    • C03B2203/02—External structure or shape details
    • C03B2203/06—Axial perturbations, e.g. twist, by torsion, undulating, crimped
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B2203/00—Fibre product details, e.g. structure, shape
    • C03B2203/36—Dispersion modified fibres, e.g. wavelength or polarisation shifted, flattened or compensating fibres (DSF, DFF, DCF)
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B2205/00—Fibre drawing or extruding details
    • C03B2205/06—Rotating the fibre fibre about its longitudinal axis
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B2205/00—Fibre drawing or extruding details
    • C03B2205/60—Optical fibre draw furnaces
    • C03B2205/62—Heating means for drawing
    • C03B2205/67—Laser heating

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a fiber retaining circular polarization and to a device implementing such a method.
  • the single-mode fibers usually produced for telecommunications always have a small amount of linear birefringence, and circular birefringence. As a result these fibers retain neither linear polarization nor circular polarization.
  • One solution to create this circular polarization consists in subjecting the glass fiber to a static torsional stress, for example applied externally by torsion between its two ends: one effect of the torsion of this fiber is to introduce a circular birefrigerence into it this.
  • the present invention relates to a method for preserving a state of twist in the fiber. It makes it possible to obtain a fiber of helical structure or chiral structure. But this fiber can be of any section, it can thus have a complex geometry.
  • Any torsional stress creating a circular birefringence a known art process described in patent application number 81 20596 filed on November 3, 1981 consists in twisting an already stretched fiber and maintaining it mechanically under this stress state, by realizing a coating of the fiber with a rigid envelope such as an additional layer of glass.
  • the invention overcomes these drawbacks by considering a step of remelting the surface of the fiber carried out simultaneously with steps of drawing and twisting thereof.
  • the so-called single-mode fibers are in fact fibers for which the solution to the propagation equations is unique, but whose mode is degenerate. Two modes whose propagation constants are identical, but whose polarizations are orthogonal therefore propagate in the fiber. This degeneration can, moreover, be lifted by any anisotropy of the fiber, whether it is intrinsic or due to external disturbances.
  • the consequence is that the "real" fibers are bimode, each of the modes being polarized orthogonally to the other; This causes on the one hand the variation in propagation speed from one polarization to the other which will reduce the bandwidth that the fiber can transmit, and on the other hand the random coupling between the two modes will produce a state of random polarization at the output of the fiber.
  • This problem is solved by imposing a large difference in propagation constant between the two eigen modes transmitted in the fiber so as to minimize the coupling between these two modes.
  • An incident wave which is polarized according to eigen modes then remains in this mode, and the fiber can then be considered as being single mode for this incident polarization.
  • the constraints taken into account are those acting on the material in which the light is propagated, that is to say on the core of the fiber.
  • any torsional stress creating a circular birefringence the known art method used to keep the circular polarization in the fiber consists in twisting an already stretched fiber and to maintain it mechanically under this stress state, as represented in FIG. 1.
  • the proposed method consists in subjecting the fiber to torsional stresses during its stretching and in remelting a part of the volume of the fiber situated at the periphery thereof, as shown in FIG. 3; zone 5 being the reflow zone. This has the consequence of relaxing the stresses on the periphery while they are maintained on the core 6 of the fiber. When the external torsional stresses applied to the fiber are released, the stress field is distributed so that the stresses supported by the periphery are very low. The balance of stresses in the fiber must be zero. This reflow of the surface fiber is carried out on an unprotected fiber maintained in torsion. That is to say on the silica fiber before any deposit of a protective sheath.
  • the method of the invention therefore consists in constraining the fiber in torsion and in melting it superficially while it is under stress.
  • volume for example 3/4 or 9/10 of the fiber are affected by reflow, the core not being affected by it; ie a central part approximately 10 to 20 micrometers is not affected.
  • the effect of the twist is to rotate one end at an angle a relative to the other, as shown in Figure 4 where the fiber has been twisted turns per meter.
  • the stress field is therefore a torsion field, the intensity a of which is given by the formula: where / u is the sliding stiffness modulus, the variation curve of which is shown in FIG. 6 where the distance a represents the radius of the fiber.
  • the fiber is then released, that is to say that the torsion which was imposed is released. A balance is then established, so that the total torque applied to the fiber is zero. There then occurs a reverse torsion to that applied at the start, and which comes to balance the residual torsion after reflow.
  • the fiber therefore undergoes a twist - ⁇ , which induces a stress field which at each point is worth - ⁇ / ur. This field is such that the total moment is zero:
  • the stresses on the surface of the fiber are therefore divided by 256, while in the useful part (part not remelted) they are multiplied by (1 - ). We can therefore neglect the stresses on the surface of the fiber, and neglect the reduction of stresses on the core of the fiber. The material after remelting remains in place.
  • FIG. 9 A device for implementing this method is shown in Figure 9.
  • This figure illustrates the different elements of a fiberizing machine implementing the method of the invention. These different elements are as follows: a preform 8 which is positioned inside the melting means 9, which can be a blowtorch, a Joule effect oven, a high, medium or low frequency induction oven, is at origin of the fiber 1. These melting means 9 soften the preform 8. The material begins to flow and a fiber 1 is obtained by drawing and twisting.
  • the first element after the drawing oven is such that the twist applied to the fiber is not absorbed by the drawing cone.
  • These are, for example, pulleys 19 coated with non-slip material (rubber, silicone) in which the fiber cannot slip.
  • the reflow oven 20 makes it possible to melt a part of the volume of the fiber 1 situated at the periphery of the latter.
  • the device 16 allows the solidification of the protective layer of the material 18 applied by the coating device 15.
  • the gantry providing a torsional stress to the fiber is a winding drum 17. This drum 17 prints to the fiber a number of twist turns proportional to the drawing speed of a fiberizing device allowing the fiber to be stretched and twisted during its manufacture.
  • the reflow oven can be designed in different ways: one can for example use an induction oven, a graphite oven.
  • C0 2 carbon dioxide laser
  • the beam is directed on a parabolic (or spherical) mirror which, reflected on an ellipsoidal mirror, makes it possible to concentrate the energy on a ring surrounding the fiber as represented in figure 10.
  • This device allows a fusion of the fiber with powers very weak laser (10 Watts) and to obtain a good symmetry of revolution of the heating.
  • the depth of the reflow can be controlled by measuring the torque applied by the fiber on the clamping pulleys.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Surface Treatment Of Glass Fibres Or Filaments (AREA)
  • Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
  • Optical Fibers, Optical Fiber Cores, And Optical Fiber Bundles (AREA)
EP83402296A 1982-12-10 1983-11-29 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Herstellen einer Faser, die ihre kreisförmige Polarisation beibehält Expired EP0112223B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8220767A FR2537731B1 (fr) 1982-12-10 1982-12-10 Procede de fabrication d'une fibre conservant la polarisation circulaire et dispositif mettant en oeuvre ce procede
FR8220767 1982-12-10

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0112223A1 true EP0112223A1 (de) 1984-06-27
EP0112223B1 EP0112223B1 (de) 1987-03-18

Family

ID=9279979

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP83402296A Expired EP0112223B1 (de) 1982-12-10 1983-11-29 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Herstellen einer Faser, die ihre kreisförmige Polarisation beibehält

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US4548631A (de)
EP (1) EP0112223B1 (de)
JP (1) JPS59116143A (de)
CA (1) CA1223737A (de)
DE (1) DE3370316D1 (de)
FR (1) FR2537731B1 (de)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2616921A1 (fr) * 1987-06-18 1988-12-23 Seram Anamorphoseur optique et un procede de fabrication
EP0320384A1 (de) * 1987-12-10 1989-06-14 Alcatel N.V. Verfahren zur Herstellung von optischen Fasern hoher mechanischer Festigkeit durch Ziehen unter hoher Zugkraft
EP0630865A1 (de) * 1993-06-22 1994-12-28 Sumitomo Electric Industries, Limited Optische Faser und Vorform und Verfahren zu deren Herstellung
EP0686867A1 (de) * 1994-06-09 1995-12-13 CeramOptec GmbH Faseroptischer Isolator
DE19504521A1 (de) * 1995-02-11 1996-08-14 Felten & Guilleaume Energie Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Lichtleitfaser, Anordnung zu ihrer Herstellung und eine nach dem Verfahren hergestellte Lichtleitfaser

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4995008A (en) * 1989-12-27 1991-02-19 Exxon Production Research Company Method of using a circularly-polarized source to characterize seismic anisotropy
CN1036488C (zh) * 1992-10-10 1997-11-19 黄宏嘉 保持圆偏振态的光纤和它的制备方法
US5943466A (en) * 1996-01-22 1999-08-24 Corning Incorporated Frequency and amplitude modulated fiber spins for PMD reduction
US6550281B1 (en) * 1996-02-26 2003-04-22 Corning Incorporated Method for providing controlled spin in optical fiber
JP3129236B2 (ja) 1996-07-15 2001-01-29 住友電気工業株式会社 円筒形容器内流体の対流抑制方法
DE19958600A1 (de) * 1999-12-06 2001-06-07 Abb Research Ltd Verfahren zur Herstellung eines faseroptischen Wellenleiters
US20100226006A1 (en) * 2009-03-04 2010-09-09 American Polarizers, Inc. Acrylic circular polarization 3d lens and method of producing same
CN101625441B (zh) * 2009-07-07 2011-08-10 中国科学技术大学 全光纤圆偏振器

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4058699A (en) * 1975-08-01 1977-11-15 Arthur D. Little, Inc. Radiant zone heating apparatus and method
GB2023127A (en) * 1978-05-12 1979-12-28 Fujitsu Ltd Optical fibres
US4201559A (en) * 1978-09-25 1980-05-06 Corning Glass Works Method of producing a glass-ceramic
DE3010005B1 (de) * 1980-03-15 1981-02-12 Licentia Gmbh In ihrer Laengsachse tordierte Lichtleitfaser
WO1982000635A1 (en) * 1980-08-21 1982-03-04 Glass Co Liberty Laser treatment method for imparting increased mechanical strength to glass objects
WO1983000232A1 (en) * 1981-07-07 1983-01-20 Payne, David, Neil Optical fibres and their manufacture
FR2515693A1 (fr) * 1981-11-03 1983-05-06 Thomson Csf Procede de fabrication d'un objet a structure chiralique issu a partir d'une source de matiere formable et dispositif mettant en oeuvre ce procede

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3010146A (en) * 1957-09-11 1961-11-28 Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp Method and apparatus for producing mineral fibers
US3327461A (en) * 1965-06-17 1967-06-27 Turbo Machine Co Apparatus and method for producing false twist in yarn
US3499194A (en) * 1968-03-20 1970-03-10 Phillips Petroleum Co Method of glass texturizing
US4028081A (en) * 1975-12-11 1977-06-07 Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated Method for manufacturing helical optical fiber
CA1118621A (en) * 1979-11-01 1982-02-23 Lawrence C. Smyth Method and jig for making optical fiber couplers
US4360372A (en) * 1980-11-10 1982-11-23 Northern Telecom Limited Fiber optic element for reducing speckle noise
US4426215A (en) * 1981-10-07 1984-01-17 International Telephone And Telegraph Corporation Method of fabricating a low loss fused biconical taper fiber optic coupler

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4058699A (en) * 1975-08-01 1977-11-15 Arthur D. Little, Inc. Radiant zone heating apparatus and method
GB2023127A (en) * 1978-05-12 1979-12-28 Fujitsu Ltd Optical fibres
US4201559A (en) * 1978-09-25 1980-05-06 Corning Glass Works Method of producing a glass-ceramic
DE3010005B1 (de) * 1980-03-15 1981-02-12 Licentia Gmbh In ihrer Laengsachse tordierte Lichtleitfaser
WO1982000635A1 (en) * 1980-08-21 1982-03-04 Glass Co Liberty Laser treatment method for imparting increased mechanical strength to glass objects
WO1983000232A1 (en) * 1981-07-07 1983-01-20 Payne, David, Neil Optical fibres and their manufacture
FR2515693A1 (fr) * 1981-11-03 1983-05-06 Thomson Csf Procede de fabrication d'un objet a structure chiralique issu a partir d'une source de matiere formable et dispositif mettant en oeuvre ce procede

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
NAVY TECHNICAL DISCLOSURE BULLETIN, vol. 5, no. 12, décembre 1980, pages 7-12, Washington D.C., USA *

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2616921A1 (fr) * 1987-06-18 1988-12-23 Seram Anamorphoseur optique et un procede de fabrication
WO1988010439A1 (fr) * 1987-06-18 1988-12-29 Societe D'etudes Et De Recherches De L'ecole Natio Anamorphoseur optique et un procede de fabrication
EP0320384A1 (de) * 1987-12-10 1989-06-14 Alcatel N.V. Verfahren zur Herstellung von optischen Fasern hoher mechanischer Festigkeit durch Ziehen unter hoher Zugkraft
US4874415A (en) * 1987-12-10 1989-10-17 Alcatel N.V. Method of manufacturing a high mechanical strength optical fiber by drawing under high tension
EP0630865A1 (de) * 1993-06-22 1994-12-28 Sumitomo Electric Industries, Limited Optische Faser und Vorform und Verfahren zu deren Herstellung
EP0686867A1 (de) * 1994-06-09 1995-12-13 CeramOptec GmbH Faseroptischer Isolator
DE19504521A1 (de) * 1995-02-11 1996-08-14 Felten & Guilleaume Energie Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Lichtleitfaser, Anordnung zu ihrer Herstellung und eine nach dem Verfahren hergestellte Lichtleitfaser
DE19504521C2 (de) * 1995-02-11 2000-11-09 Felten & Guilleaume Ag Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Lichtleitfaser

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US4548631A (en) 1985-10-22
JPS59116143A (ja) 1984-07-04
JPH0371382B2 (de) 1991-11-13
EP0112223B1 (de) 1987-03-18
DE3370316D1 (en) 1987-04-23
FR2537731A1 (fr) 1984-06-15
CA1223737A (en) 1987-07-07
FR2537731B1 (fr) 1986-01-17

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