EP0109845A2 - Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Oberflächenbearbeitung - Google Patents

Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Oberflächenbearbeitung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0109845A2
EP0109845A2 EP83307081A EP83307081A EP0109845A2 EP 0109845 A2 EP0109845 A2 EP 0109845A2 EP 83307081 A EP83307081 A EP 83307081A EP 83307081 A EP83307081 A EP 83307081A EP 0109845 A2 EP0109845 A2 EP 0109845A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
elements
particles
generally
mass
machining
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP83307081A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0109845A3 (de
Inventor
Lawrence J. Rhoades
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Extrude Hone Ltd
Original Assignee
Extrude Hone Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Extrude Hone Ltd filed Critical Extrude Hone Ltd
Publication of EP0109845A2 publication Critical patent/EP0109845A2/de
Publication of EP0109845A3 publication Critical patent/EP0109845A3/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B35/00—Machines or devices designed for superfinishing surfaces on work, i.e. by means of abrading blocks reciprocating with high frequency
    • B24B35/005—Machines or devices designed for superfinishing surfaces on work, i.e. by means of abrading blocks reciprocating with high frequency for making three-dimensional objects

Definitions

  • the field of invention is workpiece machining and is directed particularly to means and methods for forming a workpiece surface and/or improving the texture of a workpiece surface.
  • Machining processes in which the invention is applicable include: total form machining (TFM); electrochemical machining (ECM); electrochemical grinding (ECG); electrical discharge machining (EDM); and the like.
  • TMM total form machining
  • ECM electrochemical machining
  • ECG electrochemical grinding
  • EDM electrical discharge machining
  • an abrasive cutting master, or an electrically conductive electrode used for electrochemical etching of or electrochemical deposition onto a workpiece surface, or a combination of abrasive cutting master and electrode are used. In all of these processes, it is necessary to flush the surface during machining to remove bits of the workpiece and/or electrode material. In electrochemical processes, sufficient flow must be imparted to the fluid to prevent "hot arid ECG spots".
  • this flushing fluid is an electrolyte, whereas a dielectric oil or the like is used as a flushing fluid in EDM processes.
  • the flushing fluid is usually a filtered oil comparable to EDM oils used in the machining of graphite electrodes.
  • It is a further object of this invention to provide an elec- rode, or cutting master for forming an electrode, which is easily changeable for forming, or conforming to, different surfaces of three-dimensional workpieces.
  • One embodiment of the instant invention comprises an electrode, or cutting master for forming an electrode, in which plural tubes or rod-like elements are grouped together and changeably constrained, in order to form or conform to different surfaces to be machined.
  • the hollow portions of the tubes and/or the interstices therebetween may serve as passageways for transporting a flushing fluid to the workpiece surface.
  • the interstices between the rod-like elements may serve as the flushing fluid passageways.
  • a combination of tubes and rod-like elements may comprise the group such that the tubes and/or the interstices between the various elements may be used as flushing fluid passageways. Additionally, some of these passageways may be used for passage of the fluid to the machined surface, while others are used for evacuation of the fluid therefrom.
  • the electrode or cutting master may be formed from a plurality of particles or fibers, each precoated with an adhesive material, which are placed in or on a molding surface. Heat is applied sufficiently to bond the particles or fibers together by the adhesive but yet not allow adhesive to fill the interstices therebetween the particles or fibers thus permitting them to form a generally porous mass. The molded, porous mass is then cooled to set the adhesive material. The porosity of the mass allows flushing fluid to be passed to a workpiece surface during machining thereof.
  • the particles or fibers may be abrasive in nature such that mechanical finishing of the workpiece surface is attainable, or the porous mass may be electrically conductive to act as an electrode in electrochemical machining of the workpiece surface.
  • thermoplastic adhesive such as an epoxy-like adhesive may be used for bonding the particles or fibers together.
  • a layer or coating of a parting agent is applied to a mold surface, and magnetically orientable, oblong particles or fibers are applied onto the parting agent- While a magnetic field is applied such that the oblong particles or fibers orient with each longitudinal axis thereof generally normal to the mold surface and touching the mold surface by penetrating the parting agent.
  • An adhesive such as an epoxy resin, is then introduced onto the portions of the particles or fibers which are not embedded in the parting agent and, upon curing of the adhesive, the molded mass is removed from the mold surface and parting agent for subsequent use.
  • the thickness or depth of the parting agent upon the mold surface determines how much of the abrasive particles or fibers protrude from the finished abrasive mass of bonded particles. Again, the number and size of the particles as well as the amount and type of adhesive material used will determine the amount of porosity through the bonded abrasive particles or fibers.
  • This embodiment provides a fairly uniform distribution of cutting or abrading points of the particles or fibers extending or protruding from the adhesive bonding agent such that a more uniform abrading pattern occurs during use of the tool in an abrading operation.
  • relative motion may be imparted between the workpiece and machining tool, with this movement or motion being gyrating, orbiting, reciprocating, or any combination of these motions.
  • Typical examples of apparatus for performing such relative motion may be found in U.S. Patent Nos. 4,230,926 - Gaumond; 4,152,570 - Inoue; and 4,075,897 - Schmidt.
  • a loosely held group of rod-like or tubular elements 10 are placed onto a pattern of an EDM electrode, such that the elements may shift (vertically, as seen in Figure 1) and conform to the shape of the pattern 11.
  • a band 16 or other form of clamping means is tightened around the group of elements to constrain them.
  • the group of elements is then held by an adjustable chuck 18, or the like for use in machining a workpiece 12.
  • a flushing fluid is supplied to the top of the group of elements 10 and is forced therethrough to the surface of workpiece 12 during machining thereof. It is contemplated that other means for holding the group of elements 10 may be used in the instant invention.
  • adjustable chuck 18 could be replaced by a receptacle having an adhesive material therein which will bond to the group of elements 10 to form a more permanent attachment thereto.
  • an adjustable clamping means such as band 16 and/or chuck 18 in order that the same group of elements 10 may be reconfigured for machining of workpiece surfaces of different shapes.
  • the elements of group 10 may have various cross-sectional configurations, some of which are illustrated in Figures 3-6. -n Figure 3, rods 22 are generally octagonal in cross-section and, when grouped together, have interstices 13 therebetween which provide passageways for the flushing fluid.
  • Figure 4 discloses tubular elements 24 such that the hollow portions of tubular elements 24 may augment interstices 13 as passageways for the flushing fluid. In this regard, some of the passageways may be used to admit fluid to the workpiece surface, while others of the passageways may be used to exhaust fluid therefrom. Additionally, the various elements of group 10 may be adhesively attached together with some or all of the interstices 13 being partially or wholly filled with the adhesive.
  • Figure 5 discloses an arrangement in which generally rectangular rods have been bevelled, as indicated at 27, in order that they may be constrained more securely as a group while providing a larger interstice 13 therebetween.
  • the element of Figure 6 was originally circular in cross-section and has been modified to provide flat surfaces 31, while retaining curved portions 32. Although shown as a rod-like element 30, phantom lines 33 indicate that element 30 may be ;ubular.
  • the pattern 11 of Figure 1 may be formed from a material more abrasive than that of the elements and, by imparting relative motion between pattern 11 and element group 10, the tips of the elements may be abraded by pattern 11 in order to conform to the surface thereof more closely.
  • Figures 7-9 disclose various other tip alterations in which Figure 7 discloses tubular element 40 having a double bevel arrangement 41.
  • Figure 8 discloses tubular element 44 as having a bevel 45 and a flat portion 46
  • Figure 9 discloses a rod-like element 48 having bevelled portion 49.
  • Figure 10 illustrates another embodiment of the instant invention in which an electrode 50, or a cutting master for forming an electrode, is a porous mass such that the flushing fluid may flow or be forced therethrough to the surface of a workpiece 12.
  • Cutting master or electrode 50 may be formed by placing a plurality of individually coated particles or fibers into a mold cavity and molding a porous mass.
  • the coating on the individual particles or fibers may be a% cyano-acrylate or other adhesive binder such that, when heated, it slightly melts to bond the particles or fibers together into a mass having a multitude of interconnected pores or interstices through which a flushing fluid may flow.
  • the bonding agent may be a thermosetting adhesive, such as an epoxy-like adhesive.
  • a non-porous coating as indicated at 60, may be applied thereto.
  • prior art abrasive cutting masters are fabricated by placing a mass of adhesive with abrasive particles randomly dispersed therein onto the mold surface and curing the mass. Thereafter, a steel backing plate is often added for rigidity and the cured mass is then removed to expose a mirror image of the mold surface.
  • An alternate prior art method comprises applying a thin coat of adhesive or bonding agent combined with abrasive particles to the mold surface and, upon curing of this thin coat of adhesive and abrasive, such as epoxy and a steel backing plate for added rigidity.
  • a problem is encountered when applying the mixture of adhesive and abrasive cutting particles to the mold surface.
  • the particles are epoxy and randomly oriented and located causing an uneven distribution of abrasive particles onto the surface of the mold and a resulting uneven abrading surface.
  • the formed cutting master upon being removed from the mold surface, must be roughened to expose cutting edges of the abrasive particles. Such roughening is usually accomplished by blasting the surface of the mass with glass fragments or the like as indicated in Figure 11C. During such blasting, some of the abrasive particles may be caused to . fall out of the mass because their shapes do not always lend themselves to good anchoring of the particles within the mass.
  • oblong abrasive particles or fibers 75 are caused to be oriented normal to the surface 72 of mold 70 prior to or during application of a portion or all of the adhesive material 76. Orientation of the oblong particles 75 normal to mold surface 72 may be accomplished by electrostatic or magnetic or electromagnetic forces.
  • a properly oriented electro-magnetic field may-be used to-accomplish the orientation of the oblong particles or fibers 75.
  • the particles may be coated with a magnetically susceptible material such as a ferrous coating, or the particles 75 may be magnetically susceptible by virtue of the at least partly composed of fact that they are/iron or an appropriate alloy.
  • tubes may be randomly dispersed or applied onto the mold surface along with the abrasive particles 75, with such tubes treated or composed of similarly magnetically susceptible materials such that they are oriented normal to the mold surface 72 along with oblong particles 75.
  • the use of electrostatics to orient the oblong particles and tubes provides the advantage that they need not be magnetically susceptible.
  • the tubes used to provide flushing. fluid passageways may be rod-like or solid and may be (such term also meaning removable by melting or vaporization) selectively soluble/arter formation of the abrasive mass. It is contemplated that such soluble rods or tubes may be used in both the electrostatic and electromagnetic orientation methods in order to provide flushing fluid passageways through the finished abrasive mass.
  • oblong particles or fibers 75 there is increased mechanical anchoring of the particles in the adhesive 76, such that the problem of particular particles falling out of the adhesive during roughening of the surface of the mass is avoided. Such anchoring also prevents scratches or gouges, which occur to a surface being treated abrasively, when a particle dislodges from the adhesive during the machining thereof.
  • parting agent 77 may be applied to mold surface 72 prior to application of the abrasive particles. The advantage of parting' agent 77 is that, upon removing the abrasive mass from the mold surface, little or no roughening of the mass will be necessary in order to expose the cutting edges or points of oblong particles 75.
  • the cutting masters or electrodes may be used for mechanical abrasive machining, chemical machining, electrochemical machining, or combinations thereof.
  • the elements of cutting master or electrode 10 may be abrasive or nonabrasive as may be the fibers or particles of cutting master or electrode 50.
  • the abrasive Additionally / elements of cutting master or electrode 10 may be electrical insulators .and the adhesive material used in the formation of cutting master or electrode 50 may be electrically conductive.
  • cutting master or electrode 50 is formed such that the fibers or particles engage each other; it may be sufficient to use a nonconductive adhesive binder.
  • Materials suitable for use as elements include metal, quartz, glass, and the like. In certain applications, it is preferred that the rod-like or tubular machining elements be flexible in nature, whereas other applications require that they be rigid.
  • One method of using the apparatus disclosed above comprises providing a three-dimensional body such as an electrode or a pattern of an electrode such as that used in the EDM process, placing the longitudinal elements 10 thereon as indicated in Figure 1, jogging or vibrating'these elements while they are loosely held together in order that they conform generally to a surface of the three-dimensional body, and constraining the elements'together as a group. Additionally, an adhesive material may be applied to the elements in order to hold them together, either prior to or after removal from the three-dimensional form.
  • the group of elements 10 may be clamped in a chuck 18 or the like of a machine capable of supporting a workpiece in opposition to the newly formed three-dimensional tool and imparting relative motion between the tool and workpiece (as by gyrating, orbiting, vibrating, reciprocating, or combinations of these motions) in a plane generally per p endicu-In ECM or EDM I.ar to a direction of feed between the workpiece and tool. / A gap may be retained between the workpiece and tool during machining when a mechanical abrasive action is not desired. Alternatively, nonconductive during advance of the tool into the workpiece, there may be/ contact therebetween such that mechanical abrasion does occur.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
EP83307081A 1982-11-18 1983-11-18 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Oberflächenbearbeitung Withdrawn EP0109845A3 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US44273282A 1982-11-18 1982-11-18
US442732 1982-11-18

Related Child Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP87107896.0 Division-Into 1983-11-18
EP87107896 Division 1983-11-18

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0109845A2 true EP0109845A2 (de) 1984-05-30
EP0109845A3 EP0109845A3 (de) 1985-10-23

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EP83307081A Withdrawn EP0109845A3 (de) 1982-11-18 1983-11-18 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Oberflächenbearbeitung

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EP (1) EP0109845A3 (de)
JP (1) JPS59142025A (de)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1995020A1 (de) * 2007-05-23 2008-11-26 Jiangsu Tianyi Micro Metal Powder Co. Ltd. Verfahren und Ausrüstung zur Herstellung von gleichmäßig verteilten Schleifteilchen in regelmäßiger Anordnung und bevorzugter Ausrichtung
US8489083B2 (en) 2006-03-10 2013-07-16 Kt Corporation Method and apparatus for providing idle screen service

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS6161713A (ja) * 1984-09-03 1986-03-29 Inoue Japax Res Inc 放電加工装置
JPH0746426Y2 (ja) * 1990-01-30 1995-10-25 株式会社中央製作所 電解バリ取り機用陽極電極

Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB815090A (en) * 1955-07-14 1959-06-17 Sparcatron Ltd Improvements in the electric disintegration of conductive materials
FR1410034A (fr) * 1964-09-29 1965-09-03 Procédé de fabrication d'outils diamantés et outil obtenu selon ce procédé
GB1012161A (en) * 1961-03-08 1965-12-08 Ass Eng Ltd Improvements in or relating to electrochemical machining
US3244852A (en) * 1964-01-06 1966-04-05 Avco Corp Process for making electric discharge machining electrode
US3290124A (en) * 1964-10-29 1966-12-06 Rametco Inc Porous electrical discharge machine electrodes
US3433730A (en) * 1965-04-28 1969-03-18 Gen Electric Electrically conductive tool and method for making
DE2008943A1 (de) * 1970-02-26 1971-09-09 Sobanski Paul Werkzeugbau Erosionselektrode sowie Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von Erosions elektroden
US3846611A (en) * 1973-08-15 1974-11-05 D Fedjukin Tool for shaping articles to a pattern
US3962830A (en) * 1970-09-01 1976-06-15 Oconnor Thomas John Machining structure
FR2299122A1 (fr) * 1974-09-23 1976-08-27 Edenvale Eng Works Procede de fabrication d'outils abrasifs et outils obtenus

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB815090A (en) * 1955-07-14 1959-06-17 Sparcatron Ltd Improvements in the electric disintegration of conductive materials
GB1012161A (en) * 1961-03-08 1965-12-08 Ass Eng Ltd Improvements in or relating to electrochemical machining
US3244852A (en) * 1964-01-06 1966-04-05 Avco Corp Process for making electric discharge machining electrode
FR1410034A (fr) * 1964-09-29 1965-09-03 Procédé de fabrication d'outils diamantés et outil obtenu selon ce procédé
US3290124A (en) * 1964-10-29 1966-12-06 Rametco Inc Porous electrical discharge machine electrodes
US3433730A (en) * 1965-04-28 1969-03-18 Gen Electric Electrically conductive tool and method for making
DE2008943A1 (de) * 1970-02-26 1971-09-09 Sobanski Paul Werkzeugbau Erosionselektrode sowie Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von Erosions elektroden
US3962830A (en) * 1970-09-01 1976-06-15 Oconnor Thomas John Machining structure
US3846611A (en) * 1973-08-15 1974-11-05 D Fedjukin Tool for shaping articles to a pattern
FR2299122A1 (fr) * 1974-09-23 1976-08-27 Edenvale Eng Works Procede de fabrication d'outils abrasifs et outils obtenus

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8489083B2 (en) 2006-03-10 2013-07-16 Kt Corporation Method and apparatus for providing idle screen service
EP1995020A1 (de) * 2007-05-23 2008-11-26 Jiangsu Tianyi Micro Metal Powder Co. Ltd. Verfahren und Ausrüstung zur Herstellung von gleichmäßig verteilten Schleifteilchen in regelmäßiger Anordnung und bevorzugter Ausrichtung

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0109845A3 (de) 1985-10-23
JPS59142025A (ja) 1984-08-15

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Inventor name: RHOADES, LAWRENCE J.