EP0109096A1 - Variable inductance device - Google Patents

Variable inductance device Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0109096A1
EP0109096A1 EP83111475A EP83111475A EP0109096A1 EP 0109096 A1 EP0109096 A1 EP 0109096A1 EP 83111475 A EP83111475 A EP 83111475A EP 83111475 A EP83111475 A EP 83111475A EP 0109096 A1 EP0109096 A1 EP 0109096A1
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Prior art keywords
magnetic
phase
control
magnetic field
alternating
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EP83111475A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0109096B1 (en
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Gérald Roberge
André Doyon
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Hydro Quebec
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Hydro Quebec
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F21/00—Variable inductances or transformers of the signal type
    • H01F21/02—Variable inductances or transformers of the signal type continuously variable, e.g. variometers
    • H01F21/08—Variable inductances or transformers of the signal type continuously variable, e.g. variometers by varying the permeability of the core, e.g. by varying magnetic bias
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F29/00—Variable transformers or inductances not covered by group H01F21/00
    • H01F29/14—Variable transformers or inductances not covered by group H01F21/00 with variable magnetic bias
    • H01F29/146—Constructional details
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F29/00—Variable transformers or inductances not covered by group H01F21/00
    • H01F29/14—Variable transformers or inductances not covered by group H01F21/00 with variable magnetic bias
    • H01F2029/143—Variable transformers or inductances not covered by group H01F21/00 with variable magnetic bias with control winding for generating magnetic bias

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a variable inductance device and relates more particularly to a device, the effective permeability of which is controlled by a closed magnetic circuit through which a magnetic flux with constant and adjustable current flows.
  • variable inductance device or “variable inductance” will be used interchangeably.
  • One of the aims of the present invention is to avoid the drawbacks mentioned above, relating to known devices, and aims to provide an inductance with a low level of harmonics by appropriate control of its permeability or reluctance.
  • the present invention relates to a variable inductor for three-phase circuit comprising for each of its phases a first magnetic circuit formed of an anisotropic material through which an alternating magnetic field circulates.
  • the inductor further comprises a closed magnetic control circuit, also formed from an anisotropic material, through which a magnetic field with adjustable direct current flows, the magnetic control circuit being arranged relative to each of the first magnetic circuits. to define for each phase at least one common magnetic space in which the respective alternating and direct magnetic fields are superposed orthogonally to orient the magnetic dipoles of the common spaces in a direction predetermined by the intensity of the direct current magnetic field of the magnetic control circuit and thus to control the permeability of the first magnetic circuits to the alternating field.
  • the first magnetic circuits are formed by first and second ferromagnetic cores, the first and second cores each including three protuberances arranged symmetrically around each core and mounted opposite each other in pairs, in each of which circulates an alternating magnetic field coupled to a phase of a three-phase source, the closed magnetic control circuit being formed of a ferromagnetic control core disposed relative to the first and second core so as to define for each phase a common magnetic space where the magnetic field of this phase and the continuous magnetic field overlap orthogonally to orient the magnetic dipoles of each common space in a predetermined direction and thus to control the permeability of the first magnetic circuits to the alternating field of said phases.
  • Figures 1 and 2 illustrate an arrangement of three-phase inductance in a stack of cylindrical cores of identical cross section.
  • This arrangement allows a symmetrical distribution of PA, PB and PC phase windings around the legs 1-l ', 2-2' and 3-3 'of the nuclei M' and M "respectively.
  • the control nucleus N of which l the winding is supplied with adjustable direct current via the terminals E1 and E2, also comprises legs N1, N2 and N3 which are mounted opposite the legs 1, 2 and 3 of the core M ', on the one hand, and legs N'l, N'2 and N'3 mounted opposite the legs 1 ', 2' and 3 'of the core M ", on the other hand.
  • the magnetic core N connects the legs of the cores M 'and M " through junction zones belonging to the magnetic core N and subsequently called "common magnetic spaces".
  • the orthogonal arrangement of the direct current magnetic circuit with respect to the alternating current magnetic circuits has the effect of producing in the common magnetic spaces a magnetic torque proportional to the value, in the core N, of the direct current magnetic field, which polarizes the dipoles of these common magnetic spaces.
  • the respective alternating current magnetic fluxes of the three phases cannot take the same path as the direct current magnetic flux; the direct current magnetic field orients, by polarizing them, the magnetic dipoles of the common magnetic spaces so as to act on the permeability of the magnetic circuits excited by the alternating current windings of the different phases as desired.
  • the nuclei M 'M ", and N are made of ferromagnetic materials of the same cross section, either ferrite or rolled iron, and consequently have an inherent anisotropic property.
  • the dipoles of the different common spaces in the absence of direct current polarizing field in the N core tend to orient in the direction of the alternating maanetic field, the permeability of the magnetic circuits in alternating current then being a measure of the ease with which the magnetic dipoles orient in the direction of the corresponding magnetic field.
  • the alternating current magnetic circuits become saturated when their di-poles are completely oriented in the direction of the alternating magnetic field.
  • This three-phase variable inductance device therefore essentially consists in producing in common magnetic spaces a direct current magnetic field, which has the effect of opposing the rotation of the dipoles of these common spaces for adequate control of the effective permeability of alternating magnetic circuits.
  • FIG. 2 also allows elimination of the third and ninth harmonic currents by means of a star connection of the three phases PA, PB and PC, with floating neutral, not connected to ground, and elimination of the fluxes.
  • third and ninth harmonics using a superimposed secondary winding, PSA, PSB and PSC, connected in a triangle.
  • This delta connection of the PSA, PSB and .PSC windings is illustrated in Figure 3.
  • the losses in the control core N are considerably reduced due to the fact that no bidirectional reaction remains between the control core and phase nuclei, since there is no alternating magnetic flux in the control nucleus N, the sum of the effects of the three phases being zero.
  • the neutral of the star connection being isolated from ground, it is not possible for zero sequence components to establish a transient state.
  • the three-phase variable inductor can also operate in self-control.
  • the diagram of connection of the phases and the control coils which include a variable source with direct current V providing a reverse flux is represented in FIG. 3.
  • the excitation mode proposed in FIG. 3 comprises two superimposed control systems, that is to say a control supplied directly by the high voltage power circuit and a reverse low power control connected to the DC source V constant, but adjustable.
  • the three-phase current is rectified using diode bridges T and crosses the excitation winding El-E2 before completing its return circuit.
  • a second winding is superimposed on the first in the control core and is supplied by a constant direct current source V of low power.
  • V constant direct current source
  • This latter winding is arranged so that the direct current magnetic field generated in the control core N opposes the main direct current magnetic field generated by the self-monitoring winding.
  • the magnetic field resulting in the control core will then be a function of the magnetic field generated by the three-phase alternating current, rectified by T, which flows in the winding in self-control and, therefore, a function of the voltage level across the terminals. variable inductance.
  • This control is simple and does not require any feedback loop to correct the desired magnetic torque on the dipoles in the common magnetic space N.
  • This magnetic torque is generated directly by the resulting direct current magnetic field injected into the control core and the choice of the number of turns of the self-check winding plays a very important role.
  • the attached table shows the harmonic distortion rates of the phase current obtained when the three-phase inductor of Figure 3 is used either in self-control, or in self-control with reverse control.
  • the figures in parentheses refer to the operating points indicated in Figure 4.
  • FIG. 4 represents the characteristic curves of the three-phase cylindrical inductance of FIG. 3 as a function of the ampere-turns of direct current control and as a function of a self-control. More particularly, the curve “X" is that obtained for the operation in self-checking only of the inductor while the curve “Y" represents the operating characteristic of the three-phase inductor in self-checking with reverse DC power supply of the control core.
  • variable permeability inductor described above lends itself particularly well to an application as a static compensator when used in parallel with a capacitor bank for power transmission networks.
  • the response time of the variable inductor is of the order of, or less than, one cycle for a network voltage of 60 Hertz and the transition is made without deformation of the current.
  • the harmonic distortion of the inductor being very low, no filter other than the connection of the secondary delta is necessary, which contributes to very significantly reducing the cost and increasing the reliability of the static compensator.
  • this variable inductor can be connected directly at the high voltage of the network and that its losses of iron and copper are comparable to those of a transformer.
  • control mode proposed for the inductor with variable permeability of the cylindrical type illustrated in FIG. 3 is particularly advantageous in an application to the static compensator.
  • This three-phase inductor includes a self-control circuit from the rectification of the inductor current and a low-power reverse control from an independent direct current source.
  • the inductance thus controlled offers an ideal element for controlling the energy conveyed by an energy transmission line, because the operating range of this inductor is threefold (voltage rise, regulation and overvoltage, the saturation level of the inductance is never reached, the response to a voltage disturbance on the transmission line is instantaneous and its reliability is considerable mainly due to the simplicity of this control.
  • this inductance three-phase becomes the variable element for a static compensator whose performance meets the present needs of energy transmission networks.
  • the phase currents pass from l the capacitive state to the inductive state in an interval of about 0.5 cycles on a basis of 60 Hertz.
  • This transition from the capacitive state, where I is less than zero, to the inductive state is particularly ent well shown in Figure 5 whose curves illustrate the operating points of the static compensator using a variable inductance with reverse control ranging from 0 to 500 negative ampere-turns.
  • the variable inductance described above therefore allows transmission without deformation of the current wave, except for the angle adjustment from + 90 ° to - 90 ° with respect to the supply voltage of the compensator; as for the phase current distortion, it remains negligible.
  • the three-phase variable inductor can also be connected in series with a capacitor bank, the result being inductive, in order to increase the power variation of the variable inductor as a function of direct current ampere-turns.
  • the number of turns of the direct current coil supplied by the diode bridges could possibly be modified to l using thyristors slaved to a voltage setpoint, which would have the effect of shifting the curve of the operating point of the inductor.

Abstract

L'inductance variable pour circuit triphasé comprend pour chacune des phases un premier circuit magnétique formé d'un matériau anisotrope à travers lequel circule un champ magnétique alternatif. L'inductance variable comprend en outre un circuit magnétique de contrôle fermé à travers lequel circule un champ magnétique à courant continu réglable, ce circuit magnétique de contrôle étant également formé d'un matériau anisotrope. Les premiers circuits magnétiques sont formés par un premier et un second noyaux ferromagnétiques qui incluent chacun trois protubérances (1, 2, 3; 1', 2', 3') disposées symétriquement autour de chaque noyau et montées en vis-à-vis par paires, dans chacune desquelles circule un champ magnétique alternatif couplé à une phase d'une source triphasée. Le circuit magnétique de contrôle fermé est formé d'un noyau ferromagnétique de contrôle (N) disposé par rapport aux premier et second noyaux de façon à définir un espace magnétique commun où le champ magnétique de chaque phase et le champ magnétique continu se superposent orthogonalement pour orienter les dipôles magnétiques de chaque espace commun suivant une direction prédéterminée et pour ainsi commander la perméabilité des premiers circuits magnétiques au champ alternatif de chaque phase.The variable inductor for three-phase circuit comprises for each of the phases a first magnetic circuit formed of an anisotropic material through which an alternating magnetic field circulates. The variable inductor further comprises a closed magnetic control circuit through which a magnetic field with adjustable direct current flows, this magnetic control circuit also being formed from an anisotropic material. The first magnetic circuits are formed by first and second ferromagnetic cores which each include three protrusions (1, 2, 3; 1 ', 2', 3 ') arranged symmetrically around each core and mounted opposite by pairs, in each of which circulates an alternating magnetic field coupled to a phase of a three-phase source. The closed magnetic control circuit is formed by a ferromagnetic control core (N) arranged relative to the first and second cores so as to define a common magnetic space where the magnetic field of each phase and the continuous magnetic field are orthogonally superimposed to orient the magnetic dipoles of each common space in a predetermined direction and thus control the permeability of the first magnetic circuits to the alternating field of each phase.

Description

La présente invention est relative à un dispositif à inductance variable et vise plus particulièrement un dispositif, dont la perméabilité efficace est commandée par un circuit magnétique fermé à travers lequel circule un flux magnétique à courant constant et réglable.The present invention relates to a variable inductance device and relates more particularly to a device, the effective permeability of which is controlled by a closed magnetic circuit through which a magnetic flux with constant and adjustable current flows.

Dans cette demande de brevet, on utilisera indifféremment les termes "dispositif à inductance variable" ou "inductance variable".In this patent application, the terms "variable inductance device" or "variable inductance" will be used interchangeably.

Présentement, il existe plusieurs dispositifs à configurations diverses susceptibles d'être utilisés comme inductance variable en préconisant un contrôle de la perméabilité ou de la réluctance du matériau formant l'inductance par superposition longitudinale d'un flux magnétique soit alternatif, soit constant, comme par exemple dans le brevet U.S. N° 1,788,152 de Dowling émis en 1931; le brevet U.S. N° 2,844,804 de Roe, du 22 juillet 1958; le brevet U.S. N° 2,976,478 de Aske, du 21 mars 1961; et le brevet U.S. N° 3,735,305 de Sinnott et al, du 22 mai 1973. On connait également le brevet U.S. N° 3,757,201 de Cornwell, émis le 4 septembre 1973 qui décrit un appareil destiné à régulariser une tension, un courant ou une charge, côté secondaire, au moyen d'un couplage magnétique variable qui affecte considérablement le facteur de puissance de l'inductance. Dans ce brevet, la perméabilité du circuit magnétique est affectée au moyen d'un flux constant, contrôlable dans un plan normal à celui d'un flux alternatif, mais il en résulte une augmentation considérable du courant. d'excitation et du flux de fuite du circuit magnétique. Ces dispositifs connus possèdent toutefois des inconvénients majeurs dûs au fait que plusieurs de ceux-ci fonctionnent à saturation, présentent une distorsion très appréciable de l'onde courant dû aux harmoniques générées dans les circuits magnétiques, et possèdent un faible facteur de puissance.At present, there are several devices with various configurations capable of being used as variable inductance by recommending a control of the permeability or of the reluctance of the material forming the inductance by longitudinal superposition of a magnetic flux either alternating or constant, as by example in US Patent No. 1,788,152 to Dowling issued in 1931; U.S. Patent No. 2,844,804 to Roe, July 22, 1958; Aske U.S. Patent No. 2,976,478, March 21, 1961; and US Patent No. 3,735,305 to Sinnott et al, May 22, 1973. We also know US Patent No. 3,757,201 to Cornwell, issued September 4, 1973 which describes an apparatus for regulating a voltage, current or charge, secondary side, by means of a variable magnetic coupling which considerably affects the power factor of the inductance. In this patent, the permeability of the magnetic circuit is affected by means of a constant flux, controllable in a plane normal to that of an alternating flux, but this results in a considerable increase in the current. excitation and leakage flux of the magnetic circuit. These known devices however have major drawbacks due to the fact that several of them operate at saturation, have a very appreciable distortion of the current wave due to the harmonics generated in the magnetic circuits, and have a low power factor.

Un des buts de la présente invention est d'éviter les inconvénients mentionnés ci-dessus, relatifs aux dispositifs connus, et vise à proposer une inductance à faible taux d'harmoniques par un contrôle approprié de sa perméabilité ou réluctance.One of the aims of the present invention is to avoid the drawbacks mentioned above, relating to known devices, and aims to provide an inductance with a low level of harmonics by appropriate control of its permeability or reluctance.

Plus spécifiquement, la présente invention a trait à une inductance variable pour circuit triphasé comprenant pour chacune de ses phases un premier circuit magnétique formé d'un matériau anisotrope à travers lequel circule un champ magnétique alternatif. L'inductance comprend en outre un circuit magnétique de contrôle fermé, également formé d'un matériau anisotrope, à travers lequel circule un champ magnétique à courant continu réglable, le circuit magnétique de contrôle étant disposé par rapport à chacun des premiers circuits magnétiques de façon à définir pour chaque phase au moins un espace magnétique commun dans lequel les champs magnétiques alternatif et continu respectifs se superposent orthogonalement pour orienter les dipôles magnétiques des espaces communs suivant une direction prédéterminée par l'intensité du champ magnétique à courant continu du circuit magnétique de contrôle et pour contrôler ainsi la perméabilité des premiers circuits magnétiques au champ alternatif. Selon l'invention, les premiers circuits magnétiques sont formés par un premier et un second noyaux ferromagnétiques, le premier et le second noyaux incluant chacun trois protubérances disposées symétriquement autour de chaque noyau et montées en vis-à-vis par paires, dans chacune desquelles circule un champ magnétique alternatif couplé à une phase d'une source triphasée, le circuit magnétique de contrôle fermé étant formé d'un noyau ferromagnétique de contrôle disposé par rapport au premier et second noyau de façon à définir pour chaque phase un espace magnétique commun où le champ magnétique de cette phase et le champ magnétique continu se superposent orthogonalement pour orienter les dipôles magnétiques de chaque espace commun suivant une direction prédéterminée et pour commander ainsi la perméabilité des premiers circuits magnétiques au champ alternatif desdites phases.More specifically, the present invention relates to a variable inductor for three-phase circuit comprising for each of its phases a first magnetic circuit formed of an anisotropic material through which an alternating magnetic field circulates. The inductor further comprises a closed magnetic control circuit, also formed from an anisotropic material, through which a magnetic field with adjustable direct current flows, the magnetic control circuit being arranged relative to each of the first magnetic circuits. to define for each phase at least one common magnetic space in which the respective alternating and direct magnetic fields are superposed orthogonally to orient the magnetic dipoles of the common spaces in a direction predetermined by the intensity of the direct current magnetic field of the magnetic control circuit and thus to control the permeability of the first magnetic circuits to the alternating field. According to the invention, the first magnetic circuits are formed by first and second ferromagnetic cores, the first and second cores each including three protuberances arranged symmetrically around each core and mounted opposite each other in pairs, in each of which circulates an alternating magnetic field coupled to a phase of a three-phase source, the closed magnetic control circuit being formed of a ferromagnetic control core disposed relative to the first and second core so as to define for each phase a common magnetic space where the magnetic field of this phase and the continuous magnetic field overlap orthogonally to orient the magnetic dipoles of each common space in a predetermined direction and thus to control the permeability of the first magnetic circuits to the alternating field of said phases.

Les formes de réalisation préférées de la présente invention seront décrites ci-après avec référence aux dessins, dans lesquels:

  • la figure 1 illustre un mode de réalisation de l'inductance pour circuits triphasés selon l'invention ayant une configuration cylindrique;
  • la figure 2 est une vue explosée de l'inductance variable triphasée illustrée à la figure 1;
  • la figure 3 présente un schéma de raccordement de l'inductance variable de la figure 1 montée en auto-contrôle et contrôle inverse;
  • La figure 4 montre les lieux d'opération de l'inductance variable triphasée de la figure 3; et
  • la figure 5 présente les lieux d'opération d'un compensateur statique utilisant l'inductance triphasée suivant la présente invention.
The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings, in which:
  • FIG. 1 illustrates an embodiment of the inductor for three-phase circuits according to the invention having a cylindrical configuration;
  • Figure 2 is an exploded view of the three-phase variable inductor illustrated in Figure 1;
  • Figure 3 shows a connection diagram of the variable inductor of Figure 1 mounted in self-control and reverse control;
  • Figure 4 shows the places of operation of the three-phase variable inductor of Figure 3; and
  • FIG. 5 shows the places of operation of a static compensator using the three-phase inductor according to the present invention.

Les figures 1 et 2 illustrent un arrangement d'inductance triphasée suivant un empilement de noyaux cylindriques de section droite identique. Cet arrangement permet une distribution symétrique d'enroulements de phase PA, PB et PC autour des jambes 1-l', 2-2' et 3-3' des noyaux M' et M" respectivement. Le noyau de contrôle N, dont l'enroulement est alimenté en courant continu réglable par les bornes El et E2, comprend également des jambes N1, N2 et N3 qui sont montées en vis-à-vis des jambes 1, 2 et 3 du noyau M', d'une part, et des jambes N'l, N'2 et N'3 montées en vis-à-vis des jambes 1', 2' et 3' du noyau M", d'autre part.Figures 1 and 2 illustrate an arrangement of three-phase inductance in a stack of cylindrical cores of identical cross section. This arrangement allows a symmetrical distribution of PA, PB and PC phase windings around the legs 1-l ', 2-2' and 3-3 'of the nuclei M' and M "respectively. The control nucleus N, of which l the winding is supplied with adjustable direct current via the terminals E1 and E2, also comprises legs N1, N2 and N3 which are mounted opposite the legs 1, 2 and 3 of the core M ', on the one hand, and legs N'l, N'2 and N'3 mounted opposite the legs 1 ', 2' and 3 'of the core M ", on the other hand.

Comme on peut le voir sur les Figures 1 et 2, le noyau magnétique N relie les jambes des noyaux M' et M" à travers des zones de jonction appartenant au noyau magnétique N et dénommées ultérieurement "espaces magnétiques communs". La disposition orthogonale du circuit magnétique à courant continu par rapport aux circuits magnétiques à courant alternatif a pour effet de produire dans les espaces magnétiques communs un couple magnétique proportionnel à la valeur, dans le noyau N, du champ magnétique à courant continu, qui polarise les dipôles de ces espaces magnétiques communs. En raison de cette disposition orthogonale, les flux magnétiques à courant alternatif respectifs des trois phases ne peuvent emprunter le même chemin que le flux magnétique à courant continu; le champ magnétique à courant continu oriente, en les polarisant, les dipôles magnétiques des espaces magnétiques communs de façon à agir sur la perméabilité des circuits magnétiques excités par les enroulements à courant alternatif des différentes phases comme on le désire.As can be seen in Figures 1 and 2, the magnetic core N connects the legs of the cores M 'and M " through junction zones belonging to the magnetic core N and subsequently called "common magnetic spaces". The orthogonal arrangement of the direct current magnetic circuit with respect to the alternating current magnetic circuits has the effect of producing in the common magnetic spaces a magnetic torque proportional to the value, in the core N, of the direct current magnetic field, which polarizes the dipoles of these common magnetic spaces. Due to this orthogonal arrangement, the respective alternating current magnetic fluxes of the three phases cannot take the same path as the direct current magnetic flux; the direct current magnetic field orients, by polarizing them, the magnetic dipoles of the common magnetic spaces so as to act on the permeability of the magnetic circuits excited by the alternating current windings of the different phases as desired.

Dans ce montage les noyaux M' M", et N sont en matériaux ferromagnétiques de même section droite, soit en ferrite, soit en fer laminé, et présentent par conséquent une propriété anisotropique inhérente. Aussi, les dipôles des différents espaces communs en l'absence de champ polarisant à courant continu dans le noyau N, tendent à s'orienter dans la direction du champ maanétique alternatif, la perméabilité des circuits magnétiques à courant alternatif étant alors une mesure de la facilité avec laquelle les dipôles magnétiques s'orientent dans la direction du champ magnétique correspondant. Les circuits magnétiques à courant alternatifs deviennent saturés au moment où leursdi-pôles sont complètement orientés dans la direction du champ magnétique alternatif. En conséquence, l'application d'un champ magnétique à courant continu dans le noyau N dans une direction transverse au champ magnétique alternatif de chaque phase a pour effet d'agir sur les dipôles des espaces magnétiques communs en les polarisant, pour les éloigner de leur position d'équilibre, de sorte que les champs magnétiques alternatifs des trois phases doivent grandir en module pour que chaque dipôle maintienne sa même position d'équilibre dans les espaces magnétiques communs Ce processus n'affecte aucunement l'inductance de fuite, mais seulement l'inductance de magnétisation de l'inductance variable triphasée. Il en résulte que l'induction magnétique de saturation se trouve augmentée et que les courbes de magnétisation deviennent plus linéaires avec l'augmentation du champ magnétique à courant continu dans les espaces communs. En conséquence, l'application d'un champ magnétique à courant continu perpendiculairement à un champ magnétique alternatif produit un effet d'entrefer variable pour le circuit magnétique alternatif.In this arrangement the nuclei M 'M ", and N are made of ferromagnetic materials of the same cross section, either ferrite or rolled iron, and consequently have an inherent anisotropic property. Also, the dipoles of the different common spaces in the absence of direct current polarizing field in the N core, tend to orient in the direction of the alternating maanetic field, the permeability of the magnetic circuits in alternating current then being a measure of the ease with which the magnetic dipoles orient in the direction of the corresponding magnetic field. The alternating current magnetic circuits become saturated when their di-poles are completely oriented in the direction of the alternating magnetic field. Consequently, the application of a direct current magnetic field in the core N in a direction transverse to the alternating magnetic field of each phase has the effect of acting on the dipoles common magnetic spaces by polarizing them, to move them away from their equilibrium position, so that the alternating magnetic fields of the three phases must grow in modulus so that each dipole maintains its same equilibrium position in common magnetic spaces This process does not affect the leakage inductance in any way, but only the magnetization inductance of the three-phase variable inductance. As a result, the magnetic saturation induction is increased and the magnetization curves become more linear with the increase of the direct current magnetic field in the common spaces. Consequently, the application of a direct current magnetic field perpendicular to an alternating magnetic field produces a variable gap effect for the alternating magnetic circuit.

Le principe de fonctionnement de ce dispositif à inductance variable triphasée consiste donc essentiellement à produire dans des espaces magnétiques communs un champ magnétique à courant continu, qui a pour effet de s'opposer à la rotation des dipôles de ces espaces communs pour un contrôle adéquat de la perméabilité efficace des circuits magnétiques alternatifs.The operating principle of this three-phase variable inductance device therefore essentially consists in producing in common magnetic spaces a direct current magnetic field, which has the effect of opposing the rotation of the dipoles of these common spaces for adequate control of the effective permeability of alternating magnetic circuits.

Le montage de la figure 2 permet également une élimination des courants de troisième et neuvième harmoniques au moyen d'un raccordement en étoile des trois phases PA, PB et PC, avec neutre flottant, non raccordé à la masse, et l'élimination des flux de troisième et neuvième harmoniques à l'aide d'un enroulement secondaire superposé, PSA, PSB et PSC, raccordé en triangle. Ce raccordement en triangle des enroulements PSA, PSB et.PSC est illustré à la Figure 3. De plus, les pertes dans le noyau de contrôle N sont considérablement réduites en raison du fait qu'aucune réaction bidirectionnelle ne subsiste entre le noyau de contrôle et les noyaux de phase, puisqu'il n'existe aucun flux magnétique alternatif dans le noyau de contrôle N, la somme des effets des trois phases étant nulle. En outre, le neutre du raccordement en étoile étant isolé de la masse, il n'est pas possible aux composants homopolaires de courant de s'établir en régime transitoire.The arrangement of FIG. 2 also allows elimination of the third and ninth harmonic currents by means of a star connection of the three phases PA, PB and PC, with floating neutral, not connected to ground, and elimination of the fluxes. third and ninth harmonics using a superimposed secondary winding, PSA, PSB and PSC, connected in a triangle. This delta connection of the PSA, PSB and .PSC windings is illustrated in Figure 3. In addition, the losses in the control core N are considerably reduced due to the fact that no bidirectional reaction remains between the control core and phase nuclei, since there is no alternating magnetic flux in the control nucleus N, the sum of the effects of the three phases being zero. In addition, the neutral of the star connection being isolated from ground, it is not possible for zero sequence components to establish a transient state.

L'inductance variable triphasée peut également fonctionner en auto-contrôle. Pour un tel fonctionnement, le schéma de raccordement des phases et des bobines de contrôle qui incluent une source variable à courant continu V fournissant un flux inverse, est représenté à la figure 3.The three-phase variable inductor can also operate in self-control. For such an operation, the diagram of connection of the phases and the control coils which include a variable source with direct current V providing a reverse flux, is represented in FIG. 3.

Le mode d'excitation proposé à la figure 3 comporte deux systèmes de contrôle superposés, c'est-à-dire un contrôle alimenté directement par le circuit de puissance haute tension et un contrôle inverse de faible puissance relié à la source à courant continu V constante, mais réglable.The excitation mode proposed in FIG. 3 comprises two superimposed control systems, that is to say a control supplied directly by the high voltage power circuit and a reverse low power control connected to the DC source V constant, but adjustable.

Dans ce circuit, le courant triphasé est redressé à l'aide de ponts de diodes T et traverse l'enroulement d'excitation El-E2 avant de compléter son circuit de retour. Un deuxième enroulement est superposé au premier dans le noyau de contrôle et se trouve alimenté par une source à courant continu constante V de faible puissance. Ce dernier enroulement est disposé de façon que le champ magnétique à courant continu généré dans le noyau de contrôle N s'oppose au champ magnétique à courant continu principal généré par l'enroulement d'auto-contrôle. Le champ magnétique résultant dans le noyau de contrôle sera alors une fonction du champ magnétique généré par le courant alternatif triphasé, redressé par T, qui circule dans l'enroulement en auto-contrôle et, par conséquent, une fonction du niveau de tension aux bornes de l'inductance variable. Le fonctionnement de ce contrôle est simple et ne requiert aucune boucle de retour pour corriger le couple magnétique désiré sur les dipôles dans l'espace magnétique commun N. Ce couple magnétique est généré directement par le champ magnétique à courant continu résultant injecté dans le noyau de contrôle et le choix du nombre de tours de l'enroulement d'auto-contrôle y joue un rôle très important.In this circuit, the three-phase current is rectified using diode bridges T and crosses the excitation winding El-E2 before completing its return circuit. A second winding is superimposed on the first in the control core and is supplied by a constant direct current source V of low power. This latter winding is arranged so that the direct current magnetic field generated in the control core N opposes the main direct current magnetic field generated by the self-monitoring winding. The magnetic field resulting in the control core will then be a function of the magnetic field generated by the three-phase alternating current, rectified by T, which flows in the winding in self-control and, therefore, a function of the voltage level across the terminals. variable inductance. The operation of this control is simple and does not require any feedback loop to correct the desired magnetic torque on the dipoles in the common magnetic space N. This magnetic torque is generated directly by the resulting direct current magnetic field injected into the control core and the choice of the number of turns of the self-check winding plays a very important role.

Dans le tableau ci-annexé, sont représentés les taux de distorsion harmonique du courant de phase obtenus lorsque l'inductance triphasée de la figure 3 est utilisée soit en auto-contrôle, soit en auto-contrôle avec contrôle inverse. Sur ce tableau, les chiffres entre parenthèses réfèrent aux points de fonctionnement indiqués sur la figure 4.The attached table shows the harmonic distortion rates of the phase current obtained when the three-phase inductor of Figure 3 is used either in self-control, or in self-control with reverse control. In this table, the figures in parentheses refer to the operating points indicated in Figure 4.

Cette figure 4 représente les courbes caractéristiques de l'inductance triphasée cylindrique de la figure 3 en fonction des ampères-tours de contrôle à courant continu et en fonction d'un auto-contrôle. Plus particulièrement, la courbe "X" est celle obtenue pour le fonctionnement en auto-contrôle seul de l'inductance alors que la courbe "Y" représente la caractéristique de fonctionnement de l'inductance triphasée en auto-contrôle avec alimentation à courant continu inverse du noyau de contrôle.This FIG. 4 represents the characteristic curves of the three-phase cylindrical inductance of FIG. 3 as a function of the ampere-turns of direct current control and as a function of a self-control. More particularly, the curve "X" is that obtained for the operation in self-checking only of the inductor while the curve "Y" represents the operating characteristic of the three-phase inductor in self-checking with reverse DC power supply of the control core.

L'inductance à perméabilité variable décrite ci-haut se prête particulièrement bien à une application comme compensateur statique lorsqu'elle est utilisée en parallèle avec une batterie de condensateurs pour les réseaux de transport d'énergie. En effet, le temps de réponse de l'inductance variable est de l'ordre de, ou inférieur à,un cycle pour une tension de réseau de 60 Hertz et la transition se fait sans déformation du courant. En outre, la distorsion harmonique de l'inductance étant très faible, aucun filtre autre que le raccordement du secondaire en delta n'est nécessaire, ce qui contribue à diminuer très sensiblement le coût et augmenter la fiabilité du compensateur statique. Il est également à noter que cette inductance variable peut être branchée directement à la haute tension du réseau et que ses pertes de fer et de cuivre sont comparables à celles d'un transformateur.The variable permeability inductor described above lends itself particularly well to an application as a static compensator when used in parallel with a capacitor bank for power transmission networks. Indeed, the response time of the variable inductor is of the order of, or less than, one cycle for a network voltage of 60 Hertz and the transition is made without deformation of the current. In addition, the harmonic distortion of the inductor being very low, no filter other than the connection of the secondary delta is necessary, which contributes to very significantly reducing the cost and increasing the reliability of the static compensator. It should also be noted that this variable inductor can be connected directly at the high voltage of the network and that its losses of iron and copper are comparable to those of a transformer.

En effet, le mode de contrôle proposé pour l'inductance à perméabilité variable du type cylindrique illustré à la figure 3, est particulièrement avantageux dans une application au compensateur statique. Cette inductance triphasée comporte un circuit d'auto-contrôle venant du redressement du courant de l'inductance et un contrôle inverse de faible puissance venant d'une source à courant continu indépendante. L'inductance ainsi contrôlée offre un élément idéal pour contrôler l'énergie véhiculée par une ligne de transport d'énergie, car la plage d'opération de cette inductance est triple (montée de tension, régulation et surtensiocl, le niveau de saturation de l'inductance n'est jamais atteint, la réponse à une pertubation de tension sur la ligne de transmission est instantanée et sa fiabilité est considérable dû principalement à la simplicité de ce contrôle. De fait, utilisée en parallèle avec une batterie de condensateurs, cette inductance triphasée devient l'élément variable pour un compensateur statique dont les performances répondent aux besoins présents des réseaux de transport d'énergie. En effet, lors de l'apparition d'une surtension sur la ligne de transport, les courants de phase passent de l'état capacitif à l'état inductif dans un intervalle d'environ 0,5 cycle sur une base de 60 Hertz. Ce passage de l'état capacitif, où I est inférieur à zéro, à l'état inductif est particulièrement bien montré dans la figure 5 dont les courbes illustrent les points de fonctionnement du compensateur statique utilisant une inductance variable avec contrôle inverse allant de 0 à 500 ampères-tours négatifs. L'inductance variable décrite ci-haut permet donc une transmission sans déformation de l'onde courant, si ce n'est l'ajustement de l'angle de + 90° à - 90° par rapport à la tension d'alimentation du compensateur; quant à la distorsion du courant de phase, elle demeure négligeable.Indeed, the control mode proposed for the inductor with variable permeability of the cylindrical type illustrated in FIG. 3, is particularly advantageous in an application to the static compensator. This three-phase inductor includes a self-control circuit from the rectification of the inductor current and a low-power reverse control from an independent direct current source. The inductance thus controlled offers an ideal element for controlling the energy conveyed by an energy transmission line, because the operating range of this inductor is threefold (voltage rise, regulation and overvoltage, the saturation level of the inductance is never reached, the response to a voltage disturbance on the transmission line is instantaneous and its reliability is considerable mainly due to the simplicity of this control. In fact, used in parallel with a capacitor bank, this inductance three-phase becomes the variable element for a static compensator whose performance meets the present needs of energy transmission networks. Indeed, when an overvoltage appears on the transmission line, the phase currents pass from l the capacitive state to the inductive state in an interval of about 0.5 cycles on a basis of 60 Hertz. This transition from the capacitive state, where I is less than zero, to the inductive state is particularly ent well shown in Figure 5 whose curves illustrate the operating points of the static compensator using a variable inductance with reverse control ranging from 0 to 500 negative ampere-turns. The variable inductance described above therefore allows transmission without deformation of the current wave, except for the angle adjustment from + 90 ° to - 90 ° with respect to the supply voltage of the compensator; as for the phase current distortion, it remains negligible.

L'inductance variable triphasée peut également être reliée en série avec une batterie de condensateurs, la résultante étant inductive, afin d'augmenter la variation de puissance de l'inductance variable en fonction des ampères-tours à courant continu.The three-phase variable inductor can also be connected in series with a capacitor bank, the result being inductive, in order to increase the power variation of the variable inductor as a function of direct current ampere-turns.

Par ailleurs, en vue d'effectuer une régulation de tension pour une pente de 3 à 10 % selon le choix de l'utilisateur, le nombre de tours de la bobine à courant continu alimentée par les ponts de diodes pourrait éventuellement être modifié à l'aide de thyristors asservis à une consigne de tension, ce qui aurait pour effet de déplacer la courbe du point de fonctionnement de l'inductance.Furthermore, in order to carry out a voltage regulation for a slope of 3 to 10% according to the choice of the user, the number of turns of the direct current coil supplied by the diode bridges could possibly be modified to l using thyristors slaved to a voltage setpoint, which would have the effect of shifting the curve of the operating point of the inductor.

L'inductance variable triphasée selon l'invention a été décrite précédemment à l'aide d'un mode de réalisation préféré. Bien entendu, ce mode de réalisation peut être modifié, à condition de respecter l'étendue des revendications annexées, sans pour cela sortir du cadre de la présente invention.

Figure imgb0001
The three-phase variable inductor according to the invention has been described previously using a preferred embodiment. Of course, this embodiment can be modified, provided that the scope of the appended claims is respected, without thereby departing from the scope of the present invention.
Figure imgb0001

Claims (7)

1. Inductance variable pour circuit triphasé comprenant pour chacune de ses phases un premier circuit magnétique formé d'un matériau anisotrope à travers lequel circule un champ magnétique alternatif, ladite inductance comprenant en outre un circuit magnétique de contrôle fermé, également formé d'un matériau anisotrope, à travers lequel circule un champ magnétique à courant continu réglable, le circuit magnétique de contrôle étant disposé par rapport à chacun des premiers circuits magnétiques de façon à définir pour chaque phase au moins un espace magnétique commun dans lequel les champs magnétiques alternatif et continu respectifs se superposent orthogonalement pour orienter les dipôles magnétiques desdits espaces communs suivant une direction prédéterminée par l'intensité dudit champ magnétique à courant continu du circuit magnétique de contrôle et pour contrôler ainsi la perméabilité desdits premiers circuits magnétiques audit champ alternatif, caractérisée par le fait que les premiers circuits magnétiques sont formés par un premier et un second noyaux ferromagnétiques, le premier et le second noyaux incluant chacun trois protubérances (1,2,3; l', 2', 3') disposées symétriquement autour de chaque noyau et montées en vis-à-vis par paires, dans chacune desquelles circule un champ magnétique alternatif couplé à une phase d'une source triphasée, ledit circuit magnétique de contrôle fermé étant formé d'un noyau ferromagnétique de contrôle (N) disposé par rapport au premier et second noyau de façon à définir pour chaque phase un espace magnétique commun où le champ magnétique de cette phase et le' champ magnétique continu se superposent orthogonalement pour orienter les dipôles magnétiques de chaque espace commun suivant une direction prédéterminée et pour commander ainsi la perméabilité desdits premiers circuits magnétiques au champ alternatif desdites-phases.1. Variable inductor for three-phase circuit comprising for each of its phases a first magnetic circuit formed of an anisotropic material through which an alternating magnetic field flows, said inductor further comprising a closed control magnetic circuit, also formed of a material anisotropic, through which a magnetic field with adjustable direct current flows, the magnetic control circuit being arranged with respect to each of the first magnetic circuits so as to define for each phase at least one common magnetic space in which the alternating and continuous magnetic fields respective overlap orthogonally to orient the magnetic dipoles of said common spaces in a direction predetermined by the intensity of said direct current magnetic field of the magnetic control circuit and to thereby control the permeability of said first magnetic circuits to said alternating field, characterized in that the first ers magnetic circuits are formed by first and second ferromagnetic cores, the first and second cores each including three protrusions (1,2,3; l ', 2', 3 ') arranged symmetrically around each core and mounted vis-à-vis in pairs, in each of which circulates an alternating magnetic field coupled to a phase of a three-phase source, said magnetic control circuit closed being formed of a ferromagnetic control core (N) disposed relative to the first and second core so as to define for each phase a common magnetic space where the magnetic field of this phase and the 'continuous magnetic field overlap orthogonally to orient the magnetic dipoles of each common space in a predetermined direction and to thereby control the permeability of said first magnetic circuits to the alternating field of said phases. 2. Inductance variable selon la revendication 1, caractérisée par le fait que lesdits premier et second noyaux de phase et ledit noyau de contrôle sont de configuration cylindrique et de sections droites identiques.2. Variable inductor according to claim 1, characterized in that said first and second phase cores and said control core are of identical cylindrical configuration and cross sections. 3. Inductance variable selon la revendication 1, caractérisée par le fait que chaque paire de protubérances (1,1' ; 2,2' ; 3,3') montées en vis-à-vis comporte un premier et un second enroulements et que les premiers enroulements sont interconnectés en étoile avec neutre flottant alors que les seconds enroulements sont interconnectés en triangle.3. Variable inductor according to claim 1, characterized in that each pair of protrusions (1,1 '; 2,2'; 3,3 ') mounted facing each other has first and second windings and that the first windings are interconnected in a star with floating neutral while the second windings are interconnected in a triangle. 4. Inductance variable selon l'une des revendications 1 ou 3, caractérisée par le fait que ledit noyau de contrôle comporte un premier enroulement à travers lequel circule un courant, dont l'intensité est asservie au courant triphasé de la source au moyen d'un pont de redressement (T), de façon à définir un fonctionnement en auto-contrôle de ladite inductance variable.4. Variable inductor according to one of claims 1 or 3, characterized in that said control core comprises a first winding through which a current flows, the intensity of which is controlled by the three-phase current of the source by means of a rectifying bridge (T), so as to define a self-checking operation of said variable inductance. 5. Inductance variable selon la revendication 4, caractérisée par le fait qu'un second enroulement est prévu sur ledit noyau de contrôle et relié à une source à courant continu de façon à définir un fonctionnement en contrôle inverse de ladite inductance variable par opposition d'un champ magnétique à courant continu inverse à celui généré par le premier enroulement du noyau de contrôle.5. Variable inductor according to claim 4, characterized in that a second winding is provided on said control core and connected to a direct current source so as to define an operation in reverse control of said variable inductor as opposed to a reverse direct current magnetic field to that generated by the first winding of the control core. 6. Inductance variable selon la revendication 1, caractérisée par le fait qu'une batterie de condensateurs est reliée en parallèle avec ladite inductance variable pour déterminer un fonctionnement en compensateur statique à plage inductive et capacitive variable.6. Variable inductor according to claim 1, characterized in that a capacitor bank is connected in parallel with said variable inductor to determine a static compensator operation with variable inductive and capacitive range. 7. Inductance variable selon la revendication 1, caractérisée par le fait qu'une batterie de condensateurs est reliée en série avec ladite inductance.7. Variable inductor according to claim 1, characterized in that a capacitor bank is connected in series with said inductor.
EP83111475A 1978-10-20 1979-10-19 Variable inductance device Expired EP0109096B1 (en)

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CN116599162B (en) * 2023-07-19 2023-09-15 昆明理工大学 Method for determining new energy permeability under N-1

Also Published As

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EP0106371A2 (en) 1984-04-25
EP0010502A1 (en) 1980-04-30
EP0109096B1 (en) 1986-04-30
EP0106371B1 (en) 1986-03-26
EP0010502B1 (en) 1985-07-10
BR7906797A (en) 1980-06-17
US4393157A (en) 1983-07-12
JPS5556608A (en) 1980-04-25
DE2967481D1 (en) 1985-08-14
CA1118509A (en) 1982-02-16
EP0106371A3 (en) 1984-05-30
JPS6040171B2 (en) 1985-09-10

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