EP0108742B1 - Land mine, in particular an anti-tank mine - Google Patents

Land mine, in particular an anti-tank mine Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0108742B1
EP0108742B1 EP83890178A EP83890178A EP0108742B1 EP 0108742 B1 EP0108742 B1 EP 0108742B1 EP 83890178 A EP83890178 A EP 83890178A EP 83890178 A EP83890178 A EP 83890178A EP 0108742 B1 EP0108742 B1 EP 0108742B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
striker
landmine
mine
piston
pressure fluid
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EP83890178A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0108742A1 (en
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Oskar Vonderhaid
Harald Vonderhaid
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
    • F42C14/00—Mechanical fuzes characterised by the ammunition class or type
    • F42C14/08—Mechanical fuzes characterised by the ammunition class or type for land mines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
    • F42C7/00—Fuzes actuated by application of a predetermined mechanical force, e.g. tension, torsion, pressure
    • F42C7/02—Contact fuzes, i.e. fuzes actuated by mechanical contact between a stationary ammunition, e.g. a land mine, and a moving target, e.g. a person
    • F42C7/04—Contact fuzes, i.e. fuzes actuated by mechanical contact between a stationary ammunition, e.g. a land mine, and a moving target, e.g. a person actuated by applying pressure on the ammunition head
    • F42C7/06—Contact fuzes, i.e. fuzes actuated by mechanical contact between a stationary ammunition, e.g. a land mine, and a moving target, e.g. a person actuated by applying pressure on the ammunition head and comprising pneumatic or hydraulic retarding means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
    • F42C9/00—Time fuzes; Combined time and percussion or pressure-actuated fuzes; Fuzes for timed self-destruction of ammunition
    • F42C9/14—Double fuzes; Multiple fuzes

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a land mine, in particular for anti-tank defense, with at least one explosive charge arranged in a housing, which is provided with a detonator which has a firing pin interacting with a primer and can be activated by means of a triggering device, the firing pin being actuated by a pneumatic piston is guided displaceably against the primer, for the actuation of which a pressure medium container is provided, the pressure medium of which is released by the triggering device.
  • a land mine of this type is known from DE-C-959 257.
  • a so-called break ampoule is provided as a pressure medium container, which is made of brittle material, e.g. consists of glass and is destroyed when the mine is triggered.
  • the compressed gas released in this way actuates the firing pin, which is moved by a pneumatic piston, which triggers the ignition.
  • the brittle material of the pressure medium container can also be destroyed prematurely before the mine release device or the like from a vehicle. is operated, e.g. when transporting or laying the mine.
  • the maximum permissible gas pressure in the ampoule made of brittle material is limited, which is why it is difficult to apply the sufficient gas pressure required for the safe and sudden actuation of the ignition device to the pneumatic piston of the ignition device.
  • detonators are already described, the firing pin of which is intended to be put into action either immediately after impact or - if the target was not achieved - by gas pressure developing through chemical reaction.
  • a pressure capsule containing the chemical reagents is provided, the bottom of which is formed by a membrane immediately adjacent to the ignition pin and which can be destroyed by the gas pressure generated.
  • detonators are not suitable for landmines, since the impulse transmission to the firing pin does not have to take place after a certain period of time, but rather immediately.
  • a mine which is provided with two ignition devices which operate according to different ignition systems.
  • a mechanical pressure detonator which acts on a central explosive charge, is arranged in the center of the mine.
  • electrical detonators inserted laterally or from below into the mine housing.
  • An ignition system working with gas pressure is not described in this document.
  • the electrical ignition relays used there have the disadvantage that an adequate power supply is required for their function, which is why batteries are necessary which have to be replaced frequently.
  • the invention has for its object to simplify and improve the previously known land mines of the type mentioned in terms of their ignition system so that unintentional misfires and accidents are safely avoided, but nevertheless the intended function is properly guaranteed.
  • the pressure medium container is provided with a shut-off device and the release device consists of a displaceably arranged in the mine housing and with one end of this protruding pressure stamp, which causes a relative movement between the pressure medium container and the shut-off device when it is moved and this opens it.
  • the land mine according to the invention is equipped with a pneumatic ignition system which is distinguished by great simplicity, flexibility and special operational safety. Since the pressure medium container is provided with its own shut-off device, it can consist of solid, durable material, e.g. from a cartridge filled with compressed air or compressed gas, as it is commercially available cheaply.
  • the associated shut-off device can consist of a thin membrane which is pressed by the release device against a mandrel perforating it.
  • This ignition device is therefore not only simple, but above all also safe, because the pressure medium container including the shut-off device is firm and resistant, so that it cannot be opened or destroyed unintentionally.
  • it is possible to store highly compressed gas in the solid and resistant pressure medium container, so that when the shut-off device is opened there is a sufficiently high pressure for actuating the firing pin.
  • a plurality of triggering devices for the same detonator are arranged distributed over the lead housing, each of which actuates the shut-off device of a pressure medium container.
  • a rectangular or square lead housing e.g. a release device in each corner of the housing. be arranged. It is then ensured that each time a vehicle comes into contact with the mine, regardless of the direction in which the mine is rolled over, at least one triggering device is actuated and the mine is thus ignited. It is therefore not necessary to trigger an ignition that a vehicle, e.g. a tank that rolls over the land mine centrally.
  • the pressure stamp can be locked in its rest position by at least one shear pin, which preferably penetrates the pressure stamp transversely and is anchored in the mine housing.
  • the firing pin which acts on the primer, can be arranged on the piston itself in the land mine according to the invention, and a spring-loaded latching device can be provided which holds the piston in place with the firing pin until a predetermined pneumatic pressure force is reached. This measure ensures that the firing pin is moved with sufficient force and suddenly against the primer when the triggering device is actuated, so that incorrect actuation of the igniter is avoided.
  • a safety lock is provided according to the invention between the firing pin and the primer in the barrel channel, which can be moved away from the range of motion of the firing pin.
  • the mine can be secured so that accidental ignitions are excluded.
  • the safety lock consists of a locking pin which is rotatably mounted about an axis running transversely to the running channel and has a transverse bore which forms a passage for the firing pin to the primer. The ignition can only be triggered here. when the cross hole is aligned with the firing channel for the firing pin. By simply turning the locking pin, the path of the firing pin to the primer is blocked, thereby reliably securing the lead.
  • the locking bolt of the security lock according to the invention can be rotated by a securing shaft, on which a lever or a key for actuation can be placed from the outside of the mine housing and which has a predetermined breaking point.
  • the mine can then be unlocked just before or after it has been installed by simply turning the safety shaft.
  • a special key is used to actuate the safety shaft, the mine can neither be secured nor unlocked by unauthorized persons, which makes evacuation by enemy soldiers much more difficult.
  • a similar effect can be achieved if the securing shaft is broken off at the intended breaking point when laying, which can be done in a simple manner with the aid of the actuating lever or the key.
  • Fig. 1 shows a plan view of the land mine according to the invention with the housing cover removed
  • Fig. 2 shows a section along the line 11-11 in Fig. 1
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic representation of the ignition system in a partially sectioned side view.
  • the land mine shown has a rectangular housing 1, which is composed of a base plate 2 and a cover 3.
  • Two explosive charges are accommodated in the housing 1, e.g. a so-called hollow charge 4 in a chamber located in the center of the housing 1, which is closed at the top by a funnel-shaped boundary wall 5.
  • This hollow charge 4 has an armor-piercing effect and achieves its greatest penetrating power if there is a distance of approximately 50 to 70 cm between the mine and the armor plate to be penetrated.
  • An annular chamber is provided concentrically around the shaped charge 4, in which there is a so-called impact charge 5, which acts primarily on the chain of an armored vehicle.
  • the primer charge 7 which is assigned to detonators 8 and which reliably ignites the explosive charges 4 and 6.
  • the two charges 4 and 6 are connected to one another by openings 9 in the partition between the chambers containing them.
  • detonators 8 are independent of one another and each assigned to a different ignition system. There are therefore four independent detonators, etc. a pressure igniter 10, a kink igniter 11, a relief igniter 12 and a side ignition channel 13, in which e.g. an explosive device that can be triggered electrically, electronically, by vibrations in the floor or by changes in the magnetic field or the induction field can be used.
  • a pressure igniter 10 e.g. an explosive device that can be triggered electrically, electronically, by vibrations in the floor or by changes in the magnetic field or the induction field can be used.
  • Each detonator is equipped with a safety device that can be used to either secure or unlock it.
  • the pressure igniter 10 is designed as a pneumatic pressure igniter.
  • the firing pin 14 is arranged on a piston 14 'which is held in its rest position by a spring-loaded ball 15 which engages in a locking groove of the piston 14'.
  • the piston 14 ' is actuated pneumatically and is displaceable in a cylinder 16, which is connected via lines 17 to four triggering devices 18 which, according to FIG. 1, are in the corners of the housing 1 are arranged.
  • each release device 18 has a pressure stamp 19 which, when loaded, presses a gas cartridge 20 against a mandrel 21 which opens the gas seal, ie the shut-off device of the cartridge 20.
  • each pressure stamp 19 is secured by shear pins 22.
  • the gas cartridge 20 is pressed against the mandrel 21 and thus opened.
  • the pressure gas then flowing out passes through line 17 into cylinder 16, where, after overcoming the holding force of ball 15, it displaces piston 14 'and, with it, firing pin 14, to which a primer 23 is assigned.
  • the locking pin 24 is rotatable in the housing of the pressure igniter 10 about an axis extending transversely to the direction of movement of the firing pin 14 with the aid of a shaft 26, which via a on the outside of the cover 2 lying hand lever 27 can be actuated.
  • This hand lever 27 can be secured by a locking pin 29 shown in FIG. 3.
  • the locking pin 24 prevents the firing pin 14 from striking the primer 23. Only after turning the locking pin 24 by 90 "can the firing pin 14 reach the primer 23 through the bore 25.
  • the shaft 26 is provided with a predetermined breaking point 28, after which the ignition system can no longer be secured by means of the hand lever 27.
  • a locking device is then only possible by using a special key that is attached to the remaining stub shaft.
  • the pneumatic detonator provided according to the invention can be arranged together with other detonators in a mine, as is shown and described in the exemplary embodiment.
  • the pneumatic igniter can also be used as the only igniter in a land mine, and the number of triggering devices can be freely selected as required. Since only one line for the pressure medium is required between the triggering device and the igniter, the triggering devices can be arranged on any stette of the mine housing in accordance with the respective requirements.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Air Bags (AREA)
  • Emergency Lowering Means (AREA)
  • Portable Nailing Machines And Staplers (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Landmine, insbesondere zur Panzerabwehr, mit wenigstens einer in einem Gehäuse angeordneten Sprengladung, die mit einem Zünder versehen ist, der einen mit einem Zündhütchen zusammenwirkenden Schlagbolzen besitzt und mittels einer Auslöseeinrichtung aktivierbar ist, wobei der Schlagbolzen durch einen pneumatischen Kolben gegen das Zündhütchen verschiebbar geführt ist, für dessen Betätigung ein Druckmittelbehälter vorgesehen ist, dessen Druckmittel durch die Auslöseeinrichtung freigesetzt wird.The invention relates to a land mine, in particular for anti-tank defense, with at least one explosive charge arranged in a housing, which is provided with a detonator which has a firing pin interacting with a primer and can be activated by means of a triggering device, the firing pin being actuated by a pneumatic piston is guided displaceably against the primer, for the actuation of which a pressure medium container is provided, the pressure medium of which is released by the triggering device.

Eine Landmine dieser art ist aus der DE-C-959 257 bekannt. Dort ist als Druckmittelbehälter eine sogenannte Bruchampulle vorgesehen, die aus sprödem Material, z.B. aus Glas besteht und beim Auslösen der Mine zerstört wird. Das so freigesetzte komprimierte Gas betätigt den von einem pneumatischen Kolben verschobenen Schlagbolzen, wodurch die Zündung ausgelöst wird. Mit dieser bekannten Ausführung der Landmine ist es praktisch nicht möglich, strenge Sicherheitsvorkehrungen zu erfüllen, weil das spröde Material des Druckmittelbehälters auch vorzeitig zerstört werden kann, bevor die Auslöseeinrichtung der Mine von einem Fahrzeug od.dgl. betätigt wird, z.B. beim Transport oder beim Verlegen der Mine. Aus dem gleichen Grund ist der maximal zulässige Gasdruck in der Ampulle aus sprödem Material beschränkt, weshalb es schwierig ist, den für die sichere und schlagartige Betätigung der Zündvorrichtung erforderlichen ausreichenden Gasdruck auf den pneumatischen Kolben der Zündvorrichtung zu bringen.A land mine of this type is known from DE-C-959 257. A so-called break ampoule is provided as a pressure medium container, which is made of brittle material, e.g. consists of glass and is destroyed when the mine is triggered. The compressed gas released in this way actuates the firing pin, which is moved by a pneumatic piston, which triggers the ignition. With this known version of the land mine, it is practically not possible to meet strict safety precautions because the brittle material of the pressure medium container can also be destroyed prematurely before the mine release device or the like from a vehicle. is operated, e.g. when transporting or laying the mine. For the same reason, the maximum permissible gas pressure in the ampoule made of brittle material is limited, which is why it is difficult to apply the sufficient gas pressure required for the safe and sudden actuation of the ignition device to the pneumatic piston of the ignition device.

In der genannten Druckschrift sind auch schon sogenannte Zerlegerzünder beschrieben, deren Schlagbolzen entweder unmittelbar nach Aufschlag oder - falls das Ziel verfehlt wurde - durch durch chemische Reaktion sich entwickelnden Gasdruck in Tätigkeit versetzt werden soll. Dabei ist eine die chemischen Reagenzien getrennt enthaltende Druckkapsel vorgesehen, deren Boden von einer an den Zündstift unmittelbar angrenzenden, durch den erzeugten Gasdruck zerstörbaren Membran gebildet wird. Bei dieser Ausführung handelt es sich offensichtlich um ein Geschon. Für Landminen sind derartige Zünder nicht geeignet, da die Impulsübermittlung an den Schlagbolzen nicht erst nach ablauf einer bestimmten Frist, sondern augenblicklich erfolgen muß.In the publication mentioned, so-called detonators are already described, the firing pin of which is intended to be put into action either immediately after impact or - if the target was not achieved - by gas pressure developing through chemical reaction. In this case, a pressure capsule containing the chemical reagents is provided, the bottom of which is formed by a membrane immediately adjacent to the ignition pin and which can be destroyed by the gas pressure generated. This version is obviously a spare. Such detonators are not suitable for landmines, since the impulse transmission to the firing pin does not have to take place after a certain period of time, but rather immediately.

Aus der FR-E-B2 801 ist eine Mine bekannt, die mit zwei Zündeinrichtungen versehen ist, die nach unterschiedlichen Zündsystemen arbeiten. So ist im Zentrum der Mine ein mechanischer Druckzünder angeordnet, der auf eine zentrale Sprengladung wirkt. Außerdem sind seitlich oder von unten in das Minengehäuse eingesetzte elektrische Zündretais vorhanden. Ein mit Gasdruck arbeitendes Zündsystem ist in dieser Druckschrift nicht vorbeschrieben. Die dort verwendeten elektrischen Zündrelais haben den Nachteil, daß für ihre Funktion eine ausreichende Energieversorgung erforderlich ist, weshalb Batterien notwendig sind, die häufig gewechselt werden müssen.From FR-E-B2 801 a mine is known which is provided with two ignition devices which operate according to different ignition systems. A mechanical pressure detonator, which acts on a central explosive charge, is arranged in the center of the mine. In addition, there are electrical detonators inserted laterally or from below into the mine housing. An ignition system working with gas pressure is not described in this document. The electrical ignition relays used there have the disadvantage that an adequate power supply is required for their function, which is why batteries are necessary which have to be replaced frequently.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, die bisher bekannten Landminen der eingangs genannten art hinsichtlich ihres Zündsystems zu vereinfachen und so zu verbessern, daß unbeabsichtigte Fehlzündungen und Unfälle sicher vermieden werden, trotzdem aber die bestimmungsgemäße Funktion einwandfrei gewährleistet ist.The invention has for its object to simplify and improve the previously known land mines of the type mentioned in terms of their ignition system so that unintentional misfires and accidents are safely avoided, but nevertheless the intended function is properly guaranteed.

Mit der Erfindung wird diese Aufgabe dadurch gelöst, daß der Druckmittelbehälter mit einer Absperrvorrichtung versehen ist und die auslöseeinrichtung aus einem im Minengehäuse verschiebbar angeordneten und mit einem Ende aus diesem herausragenden Druckstempel besteht, der bei seiner Verschiebung eine Relativbewegung zwischen dem Druckmittelbehälter und der Absperrvorrichtung hervorruft und diese dadurch öffnet. Die erfindungsgemäße Landmine ist mit einem pneumatischen Zündsystem ausgestattet, das sich durch große Einfachheit, Flexibilität und besondere Betriebssicherheit auszeichnet. Da der Druckmittelbehälter mit einer eigenen Absperrvorrichtung versehen ist, kann er aus festem, haltbarem Material bestehen, z.B. aus einer mit Druckluft oder Druckgas gefüllten Patrone, wie sie im Handel billig erhältlich ist. Die zugehörige Absperrvorrichtung kann aus einer dünnen Membran bestehen, die durch die auslöseeinrichtung gegen einen sie perforierenden Dorn gedrückt wird. Diese Zündeinrichtung ist somit nicht nur einfach, sondern vor allem auch sicher, weil der Druckmittelbehälter einschließlich der Absperrvorrichtung fest und widerstandsfähig ist, so daß er nicht unbeabsichtigt geöffnet oder zerstört werden kann. Darüber hinaus ist es möglich, in dem festen und widerstandsfähigen Druckmittelbehälter hoch verdichtetes Gas zu speichern, so daß beim öffnen der Absperrvorrichtung ein ausreichend hoher Druck für die Betätigung des Schlagbolzens vorhanden ist.With the invention, this object is achieved in that the pressure medium container is provided with a shut-off device and the release device consists of a displaceably arranged in the mine housing and with one end of this protruding pressure stamp, which causes a relative movement between the pressure medium container and the shut-off device when it is moved and this opens it. The land mine according to the invention is equipped with a pneumatic ignition system which is distinguished by great simplicity, flexibility and special operational safety. Since the pressure medium container is provided with its own shut-off device, it can consist of solid, durable material, e.g. from a cartridge filled with compressed air or compressed gas, as it is commercially available cheaply. The associated shut-off device can consist of a thin membrane which is pressed by the release device against a mandrel perforating it. This ignition device is therefore not only simple, but above all also safe, because the pressure medium container including the shut-off device is firm and resistant, so that it cannot be opened or destroyed unintentionally. In addition, it is possible to store highly compressed gas in the solid and resistant pressure medium container, so that when the shut-off device is opened there is a sufficiently high pressure for actuating the firing pin.

Bei einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung sind mehrere Auslöseeinrichtungen für denselben Zünder über das Minengehäuse verteilt angeordnet, die jeweils die Absperrvorrichtung eines Druckmittelbehälters betätigen. Bei einem rechteckigen oder quadratischen'Minengehäuse kann z.B. in jeder Ecke des Gehäuses eine Auslöseeinrichtung . angeordnet sein. Es ist dann sichergestellt, daß bei jedem Kontakt eines Fahrzeuges mit der Mine, unabhängig von der Richtung, in welcher die Mine überrollt wird, wenigstens eine Auslöseeinrichtung betätigt und damit die Mine gezündet wird. Es ist also für die auslösung einer Zündung nicht erforderlich, daß ein Fahrzeug, z.B. ein Panzer, die Landmine zentral überrollt.In a preferred embodiment of the invention, a plurality of triggering devices for the same detonator are arranged distributed over the lead housing, each of which actuates the shut-off device of a pressure medium container. With a rectangular or square lead housing, e.g. a release device in each corner of the housing. be arranged. It is then ensured that each time a vehicle comes into contact with the mine, regardless of the direction in which the mine is rolled over, at least one triggering device is actuated and the mine is thus ignited. It is therefore not necessary to trigger an ignition that a vehicle, e.g. a tank that rolls over the land mine centrally.

In weiterer Ausgestaltung der Erfindung kann der Druckstempel in seiner Ruhelage durch wenigstens einen Scherstift arretiert sein, der vorzugsweise den Druckstempel quer durchsetzt und im Minengehäuse verankert ist. Durch diese Maßnahme werden auf einfache und ebenso zweckmäßige Weise unbeabsichtigte Fehlzündungen der Mine vermieden und wird sichergestellt, daß eine Auslösung des Zünders nur dann erfolgt, wenn auf die Auslöseeinrichtung eine größere Druckkraft einwirkt.In a further embodiment of the invention the pressure stamp can be locked in its rest position by at least one shear pin, which preferably penetrates the pressure stamp transversely and is anchored in the mine housing. By this measure, unintended misfires of the mine are avoided in a simple and just as expedient manner, and it is ensured that the detonator is only triggered when a greater pressure force acts on the triggering device.

Der Schlagbolzen, der auf das Zündhütchen wirkt, kann bei der erfindungsgemäßen Landmine am Kolben selbst angeordnet sein und es kann eine federbelastete Rasteinrichtung vorgesehen sein, die den Kolben mit dem Schlagbolzen bis zur Erreichung einer vorausbestimmten pneumatischen Druckkraft festhält. Mit dieser Maßnahme wird sichergestellt, daß der Schlagbolzen beim betätigen der Auslöseeinrichtung mit ausreichender Kraft und schlagartig gegen das Zündhütchen bewegt wird, so daß Fehlbetätigungen des Zünders vermieden werden.The firing pin, which acts on the primer, can be arranged on the piston itself in the land mine according to the invention, and a spring-loaded latching device can be provided which holds the piston in place with the firing pin until a predetermined pneumatic pressure force is reached. This measure ensures that the firing pin is moved with sufficient force and suddenly against the primer when the triggering device is actuated, so that incorrect actuation of the igniter is avoided.

Um eine sichere Handhabung und Lagerung der Landminen zu ermöglichen, ist erfindungsgemäß weiterhin zwischen dem Schlagbolzen und dem Zündhütchen im Laufkanal eine Sicherheitssperre vorgesehen, die aus dem Bewegungsbereich des Schlagbolzens wegbewegbar ist. Die Mine kann dadurch gesichert werden, so daß unbeabsichtigte Zündungen ausgeschlossen sind. In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform besteht die Sicherheitssperre aus einem Sperrbolzen, der um eine zum Laufkanal quer verlaufende Achse drehbar gelagert ist und eine Querbohrung besitzt, die einen Durchgang für den Schlagbolzen zum Zündhütchen bildet. Die Zündung kann hiebei nur ausgelöst werden. wenn die Querbohrung mit dem Laufkanal für den Schlagbolzen fluchtet. Durch bloßes Verdrehen des Sperrbolzens wird der Weg des Schlagbolzens zum Zündhütchen versperrt und dadurch eine verläßliche Sicherung der Mine erreicht.In order to enable safe handling and storage of the landmines, a safety lock is provided according to the invention between the firing pin and the primer in the barrel channel, which can be moved away from the range of motion of the firing pin. The mine can be secured so that accidental ignitions are excluded. In a preferred embodiment, the safety lock consists of a locking pin which is rotatably mounted about an axis running transversely to the running channel and has a transverse bore which forms a passage for the firing pin to the primer. The ignition can only be triggered here. when the cross hole is aligned with the firing channel for the firing pin. By simply turning the locking pin, the path of the firing pin to the primer is blocked, thereby reliably securing the lead.

Der Sperrbolzen der erfindungegemäßen Sicherheitssperre kann durch eine Sicherungswelle verdrehbar sein, auf die von der außenseite des Minengehäuses ein Hebel oder ein Schlüssel für die Betätigung aufsetzbar ist und die eine Sollbruchstelle aufweist. Die Mine kann dann kurz vor oder nach ihrem Verlegen durch bloßes Verdrehen der Sicherungswelle entsichert werden. Darüber hinaus besteht die Möglichkeit, die Mine auf gleiche Weise auch wieder zu sichern, falls das Minenfeld geräumt werden soll. Wenn für die Betätigung der Sicherungswelle ein besonderer Schlüssel verwendet wird, kann die Mine durch unbefug te Personen weder gesichert noch entsichert werden, wodurch eine Räumung durch gegnerische Soldaten wesentlich erschwert wird. Eine ähnliche Wirkung kann erreicht werden, wenn die Sicherungswelle beim Verlegen an der vorgesehenen Sollbruchstelle abgebrochen wird, was auf einfäche Weise mit Hilfe des Betätigungshebels oder des Schlüssels erfolgen kann.The locking bolt of the security lock according to the invention can be rotated by a securing shaft, on which a lever or a key for actuation can be placed from the outside of the mine housing and which has a predetermined breaking point. The mine can then be unlocked just before or after it has been installed by simply turning the safety shaft. There is also the option of securing the mine again in the same way if the minefield is to be cleared. If a special key is used to actuate the safety shaft, the mine can neither be secured nor unlocked by unauthorized persons, which makes evacuation by enemy soldiers much more difficult. A similar effect can be achieved if the securing shaft is broken off at the intended breaking point when laying, which can be done in a simple manner with the aid of the actuating lever or the key.

Weitere Einzelheiten und Vorteile der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung eines Ausführungsbeispiels, das in den Zeichnungen dargestellt ist. Fig. 1 zeigt eine Draufsicht auf die erfindungsgemäße Landmine bei abgehobe nem Gehäusedeckel, Fig. 2 dazu einen Schnitt nach der Linie 11-11 in Fig. 1 und Fig. 3 eine schematische Darstellung des Zündsystems in teilweise geschnittener Seitenansicht.Further details and advantages of the invention emerge from the following description of an exemplary embodiment which is illustrated in the drawings. Fig. 1 shows a plan view of the land mine according to the invention with the housing cover removed, Fig. 2 shows a section along the line 11-11 in Fig. 1 and Fig. 3 is a schematic representation of the ignition system in a partially sectioned side view.

Die dargestellte Landmine besitzt ein rechteckiges Gehäuse 1, das aus einer Grundplatte 2 und einem Deckel 3 zusammengesetzt ist. Im Gehäuse 1 sind zwei Sprengladungen untergebracht, u.zw. eine sogenannte Hohlladung 4 in einer im Zentrum des Gehäuses 1 gelegenen Kammer, die nach oben durch eine trichtförmige Begrenzungswand 5 abgeschlossen ist. Diese Hohlladung 4 hat panzerbrechende Wirkung und erzielt ihre größte Durchschlagskraft, wenn zwischen der Mine und der durchzuschlagenden Panzerplatte ein abstand von etwa 50 bis 70 cm besteht. Konzentrisch um die Hohlladung 4 herum ist eine ringförmige Kammer vorgesehen, in der sich eine sogenannte Schlagladung 5 befindet, die vor allem auf die Kette eines Panzerfahrzeuges wirkt. Unterhalb der Hohlladung 4 befindet sich noch eine dritte, kleinere Ladung, die Zündladung 7, der Sprengkapseln 8 zugeordnet sind und die eine sichere Zündung der Sprengladungen 4 und 6 bewirkt. Die beiden Ladungen 4 und 6 stehen durch Öffnungen 9 in der Trennwand zwischen den sie enthaltenden Kammern miteinander in Verbindung.The land mine shown has a rectangular housing 1, which is composed of a base plate 2 and a cover 3. Two explosive charges are accommodated in the housing 1, e.g. a so-called hollow charge 4 in a chamber located in the center of the housing 1, which is closed at the top by a funnel-shaped boundary wall 5. This hollow charge 4 has an armor-piercing effect and achieves its greatest penetrating power if there is a distance of approximately 50 to 70 cm between the mine and the armor plate to be penetrated. An annular chamber is provided concentrically around the shaped charge 4, in which there is a so-called impact charge 5, which acts primarily on the chain of an armored vehicle. Below the shaped charge 4 there is also a third, smaller charge, the primer charge 7, which is assigned to detonators 8 and which reliably ignites the explosive charges 4 and 6. The two charges 4 and 6 are connected to one another by openings 9 in the partition between the chambers containing them.

Aus Fig. 1 ist zu erkennen, daß für die Zündladung 7 insgesammt vier Sprengkapseln 8 vorgesehen sind. Diese Sprengkapseln 8 sind voneinander unabhängig und je einem anderen Zündsystem zugeordnet. Es sind somit auch vier voneinander unabhängige Zünder vorhanden, u.zw. ein Druckzünder 10, ein Knickzünder 11, ein Entlastungszünder 12 und ein Seitenzündkanal 13, in den z.B. eine elektrisch, elektronisch, durch Bodenerschütterungen oder auch durch Änderungen des Magnetfeldes oder des Induktionsfeldes auslösbare Sprengkapsel eingesetzt werden kann. Jeder Zünder ist mit einer Sicherheitsvorrichtung ausgestattet, durch die er wahlweise gesichert oder entsichert werden kann.From Fig. 1 it can be seen that a total of four detonators 8 are provided for the primer 7. These detonators 8 are independent of one another and each assigned to a different ignition system. There are therefore four independent detonators, etc. a pressure igniter 10, a kink igniter 11, a relief igniter 12 and a side ignition channel 13, in which e.g. an explosive device that can be triggered electrically, electronically, by vibrations in the floor or by changes in the magnetic field or the induction field can be used. Each detonator is equipped with a safety device that can be used to either secure or unlock it.

Der Druckzünder 10 ist als pneumatischer Druckzünder ausgebildet. Wie aus den Fig. 2 und 3 hervorgeht, ist der Schlagbolzen 14 auf einem Kolben 14' angeordnet, der durch eine federbelastete Kugel 15, die in eine Rastnut des Kolbens 14' eingreift, in seiner Ruhelage gehalten ist. Der Kolben 14' wird pneumatisch betätigt und ist in einem Zylinder 16 verschiebbar, der über Leitungen 17 mit vier auslöseeinrichtungen 18 in Verbindung steht, die gemäß Fig. 1 in den Ecken des Gehäuses 1 angeordnet sind. aus den Fig. 2 und 3 ist zu erkennen, daß jede Auslöseeinrichtung 18 einen Druckstempel 19 besitzt, der bei Belastung eine Gaspatrone 20 gegen einen.Dorn 21 drückt, der den Gasverschluß d.h. die Absperrvorrichtung der Patrone 20 öffnet. Um Fehlauslösungen bei kleinen Druckbelastungen zu verhindern, ist jeder Druckstempel 19 durch Scherstifte 22 gesichert.The pressure igniter 10 is designed as a pneumatic pressure igniter. As is apparent from FIGS. 2 and 3, the firing pin 14 is arranged on a piston 14 'which is held in its rest position by a spring-loaded ball 15 which engages in a locking groove of the piston 14'. The piston 14 'is actuated pneumatically and is displaceable in a cylinder 16, which is connected via lines 17 to four triggering devices 18 which, according to FIG. 1, are in the corners of the housing 1 are arranged. 2 and 3 it can be seen that each release device 18 has a pressure stamp 19 which, when loaded, presses a gas cartridge 20 against a mandrel 21 which opens the gas seal, ie the shut-off device of the cartridge 20. In order to prevent false triggering with small pressure loads, each pressure stamp 19 is secured by shear pins 22.

Wenn bei Belastung eines oder mehrerer Druckstempel 19 die Scherstifte 22 abgetrennt werden, wird die Gaspatrone 20 gegen den Dorn 21 gedrückt und so geöffnet. Das sodann ausströmende Druckgas gelangt durch die Leitung 17 in den Zylinder 16, wo es nach überwindung der Haltekraft der Kugel 15 den Kolben 14' und mit diesem den Schlagbolzen 14 verschiebt, dem ein Zündhütchen 23 zugeordnet ist. Zwischen dem Schlagbolzen 14 und dem Zündhütchen 23 befindet sich ein zylindrischer Sperrbolzen 24 mit einer quer durchgehenden Bohrung 25. Der Sperrbolzen 24 ist im Gehäuse des Druckzünders 10 um eine quer zur Bewegungsrichtung des Schlagbolzens 14 verlaufende Achse mit Hilfe einer Welle 26 verdrehbar, die über einen an der außenseite des Deckels 2 liegenden Handhebel 27 betätigbar ist. Dieser Handhebel 27 kann durch einen in Fig. 3 dargestellten Sicherrungssplint29 gesichert werden. In der gezeigten Stellung verhindert der Sperrbolzen 24, daß der Schlagbolzen 14 auf das Zündhütchen 23 aufschlägt. Erst nach Verdrehen des Sperrbolzens 24 um 90" kann der Schlagbolzen 14 durch die Bohrung 25 hindurch das Zündhütchen 23 erreichen. Die Welle 26 ist mit einer Sollbruchstelle 28 versehen, nach deren Abbrechen das Zündsystem nicht mehr mittels des Handhebels 27 gesichert werden kann. Eine Sicherrung ist dann nur noch durch Verwendung eines Spezialschlüssels möglich, der auf den verbleibenden Wellenstummel aufgesteckt wird.If the shear pins 22 are separated when one or more pressure rams 19 are loaded, the gas cartridge 20 is pressed against the mandrel 21 and thus opened. The pressure gas then flowing out passes through line 17 into cylinder 16, where, after overcoming the holding force of ball 15, it displaces piston 14 'and, with it, firing pin 14, to which a primer 23 is assigned. Between the firing pin 14 and the primer 23 there is a cylindrical locking pin 24 with a transverse bore 25. The locking pin 24 is rotatable in the housing of the pressure igniter 10 about an axis extending transversely to the direction of movement of the firing pin 14 with the aid of a shaft 26, which via a on the outside of the cover 2 lying hand lever 27 can be actuated. This hand lever 27 can be secured by a locking pin 29 shown in FIG. 3. In the position shown, the locking pin 24 prevents the firing pin 14 from striking the primer 23. Only after turning the locking pin 24 by 90 "can the firing pin 14 reach the primer 23 through the bore 25. The shaft 26 is provided with a predetermined breaking point 28, after which the ignition system can no longer be secured by means of the hand lever 27. A locking device is then only possible by using a special key that is attached to the remaining stub shaft.

Der erfindungsgemäß vorgesehene pneumatische Zünder kann zusammen mit anderen Zündern in einer Mine angeordnet sein, wie es im Ausführungsbeispiel dargestellt und beschrieben ist. Der pneumatische Druckzünder kann aber auch als einziger Zünder einer Landmine verwendet werden, wobei die Anzahl der Auslöseeinrichtungen nach Bedarf frei gewählt werden kann. Da zwischen der Auslöseeinrichtung und dem Zünder nur eine Leitung für das Druckmittel erforderlich ist, können die Auslöseeinrichtungen an beliebiger Stette des Minengehäuses dem jeweiligen Bedarf entsprechend angeordnet sein.The pneumatic detonator provided according to the invention can be arranged together with other detonators in a mine, as is shown and described in the exemplary embodiment. The pneumatic igniter can also be used as the only igniter in a land mine, and the number of triggering devices can be freely selected as required. Since only one line for the pressure medium is required between the triggering device and the igniter, the triggering devices can be arranged on any stette of the mine housing in accordance with the respective requirements.

Claims (7)

1. A Landmine, especially destinated for anti- tank defense, with at least one blasting load (4, 6), positioned in a casing (1) and supplied with a detonator (16) which has a striker (14) cooperating with a blasting cap (23) and which can be activated by a release mechanism (13), whereas the striker (14) is movably guided against the blasting cap by a pneumatic piston (14) operated from a pressure fluid container (26), the pressure fluid thereof being released by the release mechanism (13), characterized in that the pressure fluid container (26) is provided with a closing device and the release mechanism (13) comprises a press piston (19) slidingly guided in and projecting with one of its ends from the casing (1), the piston (19), during its sliding movement, causes a relative movement between the pressure fluid container (26) and the closing device, thereby opening the closing device.
2. A Landmine according to claim 1, characterized in that severalrel easing devices (18) are provided for the same detonator (16), positioned in a distributed way over the mine casing (1), each of which activating the closing device of one of the pressure fluid containers (26).
3. A Landmine according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the press piston (19) is held in a resting position by at least one shear pin (22) which runs across the press piston (19) and is anchored in the casing (1).
4. A Landmine according to anyone of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the striker (14) ist provided on the piston (14') and positioned in a springloaded locking device (15) arresting the piston (14') and the striker (14) in the locking position until a specific pneumatic pressure force is achieved.
6. A Landmine according to anyone of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that a security stop (24) is provided betweeh striker (14) and blasting cap (23), which is removable from the moving path of the striker (14).
6. A Landmine according to claim 5, characterized in that the security stop consists of a locking bolt (24) rotatably mounted around an axis extending transverse of the moving direction of the striker (14) and which is provided with a cross bore (26) forming a channel enabling the striker (14) to penetrate to the blasting cap (23).
7. A Landmine according to claim 6, characterized in that the locking bolt (24) is rotatable by a safety shaft (26) and is provided with a predetermined site of fracture and having an outer end protruding from the mine casing (1) and prepared for the attachment of a handlever (27) or a key for the activation of the safety shaft (26).
EP83890178A 1982-10-11 1983-10-10 Land mine, in particular an anti-tank mine Expired EP0108742B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT3746/82 1982-10-11
AT374682A AT384673B (en) 1982-10-11 1982-10-11 LANDMINE, ESPECIALLY FOR ARMOR DEFENSE

Publications (2)

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EP0108742A1 EP0108742A1 (en) 1984-05-16
EP0108742B1 true EP0108742B1 (en) 1987-02-04

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EP19830890177 Expired EP0107643B1 (en) 1982-10-11 1983-10-10 Land mine, in particular an anti-tank mine
EP83890178A Expired EP0108742B1 (en) 1982-10-11 1983-10-10 Land mine, in particular an anti-tank mine

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EP19830890177 Expired EP0107643B1 (en) 1982-10-11 1983-10-10 Land mine, in particular an anti-tank mine

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EP (2) EP0107643B1 (en)
AT (1) AT384673B (en)
DE (2) DE3372662D1 (en)

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR82801E (en) * 1950-08-11 1964-04-24 Alsacienne D Explosifs Et D Ap Explosive devices

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US830538A (en) * 1904-08-19 1906-09-11 Albert H Stebbins Pneumatic vanner.
US2843042A (en) * 1951-08-04 1958-07-15 Montedison Spa Non-metallic mine fuse
FR1053566A (en) * 1952-04-08 1954-02-03 Commerce Internat Soc Et Improvements to explosive mines, particularly anti-tank mines
US3410212A (en) * 1953-05-07 1968-11-12 Army Usa Anti-tank mine with binary explosive charge
US2830538A (en) * 1953-07-31 1958-04-15 Albert O Dodge Automatic firing device
DE1183410B (en) * 1962-05-26 1964-12-10 Karlsruhe Augsburg Iweka Metal-free igniter for mines
FR1605223A (en) * 1965-06-03 1973-08-31
SE373660B (en) * 1973-05-22 1975-02-10 Bofors Ab LANDMINA
SE417643B (en) * 1976-09-30 1981-03-30 Saab Scania Ab FOR HELPING SENSITIVE MEMORY TONATOR
FR2393261A1 (en) * 1977-06-01 1978-12-29 Ruggieri Ets Undetectable anti-tank mine - has pyrotechnic time delay fused arming device
FR2507307A1 (en) * 1981-06-03 1982-12-10 Trt Telecom Radio Electr METHOD FOR FIREDING EXPLOSIVE MACHINE AND EXPLOSIVE MACHINE THUS OBTAINED
AT371932B (en) * 1981-11-12 1983-08-10 Assmann Geb TANKS

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FR82801E (en) * 1950-08-11 1964-04-24 Alsacienne D Explosifs Et D Ap Explosive devices

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0108742A1 (en) 1984-05-16
EP0107643B1 (en) 1987-07-22
DE3369727D1 (en) 1987-03-12
DE3372662D1 (en) 1987-08-27
EP0107643A1 (en) 1984-05-02
AT384673B (en) 1987-12-28
ATA374682A (en) 1987-05-15

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