EP0107643B1 - Land mine, in particular an anti-tank mine - Google Patents

Land mine, in particular an anti-tank mine Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0107643B1
EP0107643B1 EP19830890177 EP83890177A EP0107643B1 EP 0107643 B1 EP0107643 B1 EP 0107643B1 EP 19830890177 EP19830890177 EP 19830890177 EP 83890177 A EP83890177 A EP 83890177A EP 0107643 B1 EP0107643 B1 EP 0107643B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
mine
detonators
detonator
safety
blasting
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EP19830890177
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0107643A1 (en
Inventor
Oskar Vonderhaid
Harald Vonderhaid
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Individual
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42CAMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
    • F42C14/00Mechanical fuzes characterised by the ammunition class or type
    • F42C14/08Mechanical fuzes characterised by the ammunition class or type for land mines
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42CAMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
    • F42C7/00Fuzes actuated by application of a predetermined mechanical force, e.g. tension, torsion, pressure
    • F42C7/02Contact fuzes, i.e. fuzes actuated by mechanical contact between a stationary ammunition, e.g. a land mine, and a moving target, e.g. a person
    • F42C7/04Contact fuzes, i.e. fuzes actuated by mechanical contact between a stationary ammunition, e.g. a land mine, and a moving target, e.g. a person actuated by applying pressure on the ammunition head
    • F42C7/06Contact fuzes, i.e. fuzes actuated by mechanical contact between a stationary ammunition, e.g. a land mine, and a moving target, e.g. a person actuated by applying pressure on the ammunition head and comprising pneumatic or hydraulic retarding means
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42CAMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
    • F42C9/00Time fuzes; Combined time and percussion or pressure-actuated fuzes; Fuzes for timed self-destruction of ammunition
    • F42C9/14Double fuzes; Multiple fuzes

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a land mine, in particular for anti-tank defense, which is provided with at least one explosive charge and at least two detonators which operate according to different ignition systems.
  • a land mine of this type is known from US-A-2 830 538.
  • two detonators are provided, one of which is a conventional pressure detonator which is triggered as soon as a vehicle or other load acts on a cap of the mine housing.
  • the second detonator is an articulated detonator, which is triggered when the folding rod is pivoted.
  • This articulated detonator does not act directly on the explosive charge but first ignites an ignition charge, which in turn causes a propellant charge to explode via an ignition channel. This propellant charge throws the actual explosive charge out of the mine housing and at the same time causes the ignition, which takes place somewhat later.
  • Both igniters are continuously activated.
  • the pressure igniter is always ready for operation and the firing pin of the articulated igniter is constantly under tension.
  • the split fuse can be secured in its activated position with a split pin inserted in the ignition channel in front of the firing pin.
  • FR-A-1 053 566 and FR-E-82 801 describe other known landmines, in which the main fuse consists of a pressure fuse that is continuously activated.
  • so-called side ignition channels are provided in the mine housing, which are additional devices that can optionally be provided. If necessary, ignition capsules can be inserted into the side ignition channels and anchored to the ground via a release device if the mine is to be prevented from being picked up by the ground without authorization.
  • This known embodiment is a so-called safety device or trap.
  • a minefield consisting of these known landmines can be cleared relatively easily. Since all mine types have a permanently activated pressure detonator, it is not difficult for an opponent to trigger the detonator by taking suitable measures, e.g. B. with the help of a clearing roller or by bombardment with pressure grenades.
  • the invention has for its object to design the land mine so that the clearing of a minefield is practically impossible with reasonable effort, even if the opponent knows the type of mine used.
  • this object is achieved in that the number of detonators is independent of the number of explosive charges, that each detonator is provided with its own activation device and that the activation devices of the detonators can be actuated independently of one another, the detonators being selectively activatable.
  • a pneumatic detonator is provided, the activation device of which consists of a safety cylinder with a through-hole arranged transversely to the latter in the ignition channel and which can be rotated about an axis running transversely to the hole.
  • This locking cylinder only enables the firing pin to reach the detonator if the bore of the locking cylinder runs in the direction of movement of the firing pin. Ignition is reliably prevented by simply turning the locking cylinder. It is a simple embodiment of the activation device provided according to the invention, with the aid of which the detonators themselves can optionally be activated or secured when the mines are laid.
  • a further embodiment of the land mine according to the invention is that a mechanical detonator is provided, the activation device of which consists of a locking shaft with two fingers, of which one finger tightens the firing pin when the locking shaft is rotated and the other finger closes the ignition channel during the tensioning process and only after further rotation of the locking shaft releases.
  • the land mine shown has a rectangular housing 1, which is composed of a base plate 2 and a cover 3, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 emerges.
  • Two explosive charges are accommodated in the housing 1, e.g. a so-called hollow charge 4 in a chamber located in the center of the housing i, which is closed at the top by a funnel-shaped boundary wall 5.
  • This shaped charge 4 has an armor-piercing effect and achieves its greatest penetration force if there is a distance of approximately 50 to 70 cm between the mine and the armor plate to be penetrated.
  • An annular chamber is provided concentrically around the shaped charge 4, in which there is a so-called blow charge 6, which acts primarily on the chain of an armored vehicle.
  • the primer charge 7 which is assigned detonators 8 and which causes the explosive charges 4 and 6 to be reliably ignited.
  • the two charges 4 and 6 are connected to one another by openings 9 in the partition between the chambers containing them.
  • detonators 8 are provided for the primer 7. These detonators 8 are independent of one another and each assigned to a different ignition system. There are therefore four detonators that are independent of each other, e.g. a pressure igniter 10, a kink igniter 11, a relief igniter 12 and a side ignition channel 13, in the z. B. can be used electrically, electronically, detonated by vibration or by changing the magnetic field or the induction field detonator. Each detonator is equipped with a safety device that can be used to either secure or unlock it.
  • the igniter 10 is designed as a pneumatic igniter and, according to FIG. 2, has a firing pin 14 which is held in its rest position by a spring-loaded ball 15 which engages in a locking groove of the firing pin 14.
  • the firing pin 14 is actuated pneumatically and is displaceable in a cylinder 16 which is connected via lines 17 to four triggers 18 which are arranged in the corners of the housing 1 according to FIG. 1. From Fig. 2 it can be seen that each trigger 18 has a pressure stamp 19 which, when loaded, presses a gas cartridge 20 against a mandrel 21 which opens the gas seal of the cartridge 20. In order to prevent false triggering with small pressure loads, each pressure stamp 19 is secured by shear pins 22.
  • the safety cylinder 24 prevents the firing pin 14 from striking the primer 23. Only after the locking cylinder 24 has been rotated by 90 ° can the firing pin 14 reach the primer 23 through the bore 25 in the locking cylinder 24.
  • the shaft 26 is provided with a predetermined breaking point 28, after which the ignition system can no longer be secured by means of the hand lever 27. Securing is then only possible by using a special key.
  • the kink igniter 11 can be seen in FIG. 3.
  • a rod 29 is provided which projects upwards over the cover 3 of the housing 1 and is inserted into a hemispherical joint piece 30.
  • a trigger pin 33 is connected to the pressure piece 31. This interacts with holding brackets 34 which are pressed against one another by springs (not shown) and between which a conical holding head 36 connected to the firing pin 35 can be anchored.
  • the firing pin 35 is tensioned with the aid of a securing shaft 37, upon rotation of which a tensioning finger 38 prestresses the firing pin 35 against the force of its spring 39 and the conical holding head 36 engages between the two holding brackets 34.
  • An additional securing finger 40 on the securing shaft 37 prevents the firing pin 35 from reaching the primer 23 of the associated detonator capsule 8 if it is unintentionally released during tensioning. Only after the firing pin 35 has been securely anchored in the tensioned position is the securing finger 40 pivoted out of the range of motion of the firing pin, whereupon the articulated fuse 11 is unlocked.
  • the relief igniter 12 which can also be seen in FIG. 3, has a trigger plate 41 as a trigger element, which is slidably mounted in the plane of the base plate 2 of the housing 1 transversely to the plate plane.
  • a spring loads the release plate 41 to the outside.
  • a trigger pin also not shown, is fastened to the trigger plate 41, into which a locking split pin 42 engages, which is anchored on the side of the cover 3 of the housing 1 and can be removed for releasing the relief igniter 12.
  • the trigger plate 41 against the force of it after external spring only held by the weight of the mine in the plane of the base plate 2.
  • the trigger pin anchors the firing pin, which is triggered and detonates the associated detonator 8 via a primer, as soon as the mine is lifted and the trigger plate 41 is pressed out of the base plate 2 by its spring.
  • the side ignition channel 13 forming the fourth ignition system can be seen from FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • An expediently electrically ignitable device which ignites the detonator capsule 8 can be inserted into this side ignition channel 13 through an optionally closable opening 43 in the side wall of the cover 3 of the housing 1. It is also possible to lead out ignition wires through the opening 43, which enable the mine to be ignited from a distance.
  • a radio ignition or an ignition by changes in the magnetic field or the induction field and by vibrations in the ground can also be used within the scope of the invention.
  • the minefield When laying the described land mine in a mine field, only a part of the ignition systems is activated for each mine.
  • the minefield then consists of mines that look the same and have the same structure, but which respond to various external influences or can be detonated from a distance. It is therefore practically not possible for an opponent to defuse the minefield with reasonable effort, even if he knows the design of the mines used.
  • the land mine according to the invention is provided with two or more explosive charges that act differently, e.g. B. with a hollow charge and a blow charge, minefields can be built from it, which are practically impossible to overcome even by well-equipped opponents.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Air Bags (AREA)
  • Emergency Lowering Means (AREA)
  • Portable Nailing Machines And Staplers (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Landmine, insbesondere zur Panzerabwehr, die mit wenigstens einer Sprengladung und wenigstens zwei Zündern, die nach unterschiedlichen Zündsystemen arbeiten, versehen ist.The invention relates to a land mine, in particular for anti-tank defense, which is provided with at least one explosive charge and at least two detonators which operate according to different ignition systems.

Eine Landmine dieser Art ist aus der US-A-2 830 538 bekannt. Bei dieser bekannten Ausführung sind zwei Zünder vorgesehen, von denen der eine ein herkömmlicher Druckzünder ist, der ausgelöst wird, sobald ein Fahrzeug oder eine sonstige Last auf eine Kappe des Minengehäuses einwirkt. Der zweite Zünder ist dagegen ein Knickzünder, der ausgelöst wird, wenn der Knickstab verschwenkt wird. Dieser Knickzünder wirkt nicht unmittelbar auf die Sprengladung sondern zündet zunächst eine Zündladung, die wiederum über einen Zündkanal eine Treibladung zur Explosion bringt. Diese Treibladung schleudert die eigentliche Sprengladung aus dem Minengehäuse heraus und bewirkt zugleich die Zündung, die dadurch etwas später erfolgt. Beide Zünder sind dauernd aktiviert. Der Druckzünder ist ständig funktionsbereit und auch der Schlagbolzen des Knickzünders ist dauernd gespannt. Mit einem in den Zündkanal vor dem Schlagbolzen eingesetzten Splint kann der Knickzünder in seiner aktivierten Stellung gesichert werden.A land mine of this type is known from US-A-2 830 538. In this known embodiment, two detonators are provided, one of which is a conventional pressure detonator which is triggered as soon as a vehicle or other load acts on a cap of the mine housing. The second detonator, on the other hand, is an articulated detonator, which is triggered when the folding rod is pivoted. This articulated detonator does not act directly on the explosive charge but first ignites an ignition charge, which in turn causes a propellant charge to explode via an ignition channel. This propellant charge throws the actual explosive charge out of the mine housing and at the same time causes the ignition, which takes place somewhat later. Both igniters are continuously activated. The pressure igniter is always ready for operation and the firing pin of the articulated igniter is constantly under tension. The split fuse can be secured in its activated position with a split pin inserted in the ignition channel in front of the firing pin.

Die FR-A-1 053 566 und die FR-E- 82 801 beschreiben weitere bekannte Landminen, bei denen der Hauptzünder aus einem Druckzünder besteht, der dauernd aktiviert ist. Zusätzlich dazu sind sogenannte Seitenzündkanäle im Minengehäuse vorgesehen, bei denen es sich um Zusatzeinrichtungen handelt, die wahlweise vorgesehen sein können. Bei Bedarf können in die Seitenzündkanäle Zündkapseln eingesetzt und über eine Auslöseeinrichtung am Boden verankert werden, wenn verhindert werden soll, daß die Mine unbefugt vom Boden aufgenommen wird. Es handelt sich bei dieser bekannten Ausführung um eine sogenannte Sicherung oder Falle.FR-A-1 053 566 and FR-E-82 801 describe other known landmines, in which the main fuse consists of a pressure fuse that is continuously activated. In addition to this, so-called side ignition channels are provided in the mine housing, which are additional devices that can optionally be provided. If necessary, ignition capsules can be inserted into the side ignition channels and anchored to the ground via a release device if the mine is to be prevented from being picked up by the ground without authorization. This known embodiment is a so-called safety device or trap.

Ein aus diesen bekannten Landminen bestehendes Minenfeld kann verhältnismäßig einfach geräumt werden. Da alle Minenbauarten einen dauernd aktivierten Druckzünder besitzen, ist es für einen Gegner nicht schwierig, die Zünder durch geeignete Maßnahmen auszulösen, z. B. mit Hilfe einer Räumwalze oder durch den Beschuß mit Druckgranaten.A minefield consisting of these known landmines can be cleared relatively easily. Since all mine types have a permanently activated pressure detonator, it is not difficult for an opponent to trigger the detonator by taking suitable measures, e.g. B. with the help of a clearing roller or by bombardment with pressure grenades.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, die Landmine so auszubilden, daß die Räumung eines Minenfeldes mit vertretbarem Aufwand praktisch unmöglich ist, selbst wenn der Gegner die Bauart der verwendeten Minen kennt.The invention has for its object to design the land mine so that the clearing of a minefield is practically impossible with reasonable effort, even if the opponent knows the type of mine used.

Mit der Erfindung wird diese Aufgabe dadurch gelöst, daß die Anzahl der Zünder unabhängig von der Anzahl der Sprengladungen ist, daß jeder Zünder mit einer eigenen Aktivierungsvorrichtung versehen ist und daß die Aktivierungsvorrichtungen der Zünder unabhängig voneinander betätigbar sind, wobei die Zünder wahlweise aktivierbar sind. Beim Verlegen der so ausgebildeten Minen kann jeweils nur ein Zündsystem aktiviert werden, wobei unregelmäßig vorgegangen wird und Minen wahllos nebeneinander verlegt werden, bei denen unterschiedliche Zündzysteme aktivert sind. Der Gegner kann dann weder aus der Bauart der Mine noch aus deren Aussehen erkennen, wie diese entschärft werden kann. Er muß zum Räumen eines solchen Minenfeldes alle Maßnahmen nacheinander anwenden, die zum Auslösen praktisch aller Zündsysteme, die in Frage kommen konnten, erforderlich sind. Dies ist nicht nur umständlich, sondern auch langwierig, weshalb die verläßliche Räumung eines aus solchen Landminen aufgebauten Minenfeldes in der Praxis schon aus Zeitmangel nicht durchführbar ist.With the invention this object is achieved in that the number of detonators is independent of the number of explosive charges, that each detonator is provided with its own activation device and that the activation devices of the detonators can be actuated independently of one another, the detonators being selectively activatable. When laying the mines designed in this way, only one ignition system can be activated at a time, the procedure being irregular and mines being randomly installed next to one another, in which different ignition systems are activated. The opponent can neither see from the construction of the mine nor from its appearance how it can be defused. To clear such a minefield, he must apply all the measures one after the other which are necessary to trigger practically all ignition systems which could be considered. This is not only cumbersome, but also lengthy, which is why the reliable clearance of a minefield built from such landmines cannot be carried out in practice due to lack of time.

Bei einer bevorzugten Ausführung der erfindungsgemäßen Landmine ist ein pneumatischer Zünder vorgesehen, dessen Aktivierungsvorrichtung aus einem im Zündkanal quer zu diesem angeordneten Sicherungszylinder mit durchgehender Bohrung besteht, der um eine zur Bohrung quer verlaufende Achse verdrehbar ist. Dieser Sicherungszylinder ermöglicht es dem Schlagbolzen nur dann, den Zünder zu erreichen, wenn die Bohrung des Sicherungszylinders in Bewegungsrichtung des Zündbolzens verläuft. Durch einfaches Verdrehen des Sicherungszylinders wird also die Zündung zuverlässig verhindert. Es handelt sich um eine einfache Ausgestaltung der erfindungsgemäß vorgesehenen Aktivierungsvorrichtung, mit deren Hilfe die Zünder beim Verlegen der Minen selbst wahlweise aktiviert oder gesichert werden können.In a preferred embodiment of the land mine according to the invention, a pneumatic detonator is provided, the activation device of which consists of a safety cylinder with a through-hole arranged transversely to the latter in the ignition channel and which can be rotated about an axis running transversely to the hole. This locking cylinder only enables the firing pin to reach the detonator if the bore of the locking cylinder runs in the direction of movement of the firing pin. Ignition is reliably prevented by simply turning the locking cylinder. It is a simple embodiment of the activation device provided according to the invention, with the aid of which the detonators themselves can optionally be activated or secured when the mines are laid.

Eine weitere Ausgestaltung der erfindungsgemäßen Landmine besteht darin, daß ein mechanischer Zünder vorgesehen ist, dessen Aktivierungsvorrichtung aus einer Sicherungswelle mit zwei Fingern besteht, von denen beim Verdrehen der Sicherungswelle ein Finger den Schlagbolzen spannt und der andere Finger während des Spannvorganges den Zündkanal verschließt und erst nach weiterer Verdrehung der Sicherungswelle freigibt. Auch bei dieser Ausbildung wird auf einfache Weise eine sichere Betätigung der Aktivierungsvorrichtung ermöglicht, wobei unbeabsichtigte Fehlzündungen sicher verhindert werden.A further embodiment of the land mine according to the invention is that a mechanical detonator is provided, the activation device of which consists of a locking shaft with two fingers, of which one finger tightens the firing pin when the locking shaft is rotated and the other finger closes the ignition channel during the tensioning process and only after further rotation of the locking shaft releases. With this design, too, a safe actuation of the activation device is made possible in a simple manner, wherein unintentional misfires are reliably prevented.

In den Zeichnungen ist ein Ausführungsbeispiel der erfindungsgemäßen Landmine dargestellt.

  • Fig. 1 zeigt eine Draufsicht auf die erfindungsgemäße Landmine bei abgehobenem Gehäusedeckel,
  • Fig. 2 dazu einen Schnitt nach der Linie 11-11 in Fig. 1 und
  • Fig. 3 einen weiteren Schnitt nach der in den Fig.1 und 2 eingezeichneten Schnittlinie 111-111.
In the drawings, an embodiment of the land mine according to the invention is shown.
  • 1 shows a plan view of the land mine according to the invention with the housing cover removed,
  • Fig. 2 shows a section along the line 11-11 in Fig. 1 and
  • Fig. 3 shows a further section along the line 111-111 shown in Figs. 1 and 2.

Die dargestellte Landmine besitzt ein rechteckiges Gehäuse 1, das aus einer Grundplatte 2 und einem Deckel 3 zusammengesetzt ist, wie aus den Fig. 2 und 3 hervorgeht. Im Gehäuse 1 sind zwei Sprengladungen untergebracht, u.zw. eine sogenannte Hohlladung 4 in einer im Zentrum des Gehäuses i gelegenen Kammer, die nach oben durch eine trichtförmige Begrenzungswand 5 abgeschlossen ist. Diese Hohlladung 4 hat panzerbrechende Wirkung und erzielt ihre größte Durchschlagskraft, wenn zwischen der Mine und der durchzuschlagenden Panzerplatte ein Abstand von etwa 50 bis 70 cm besteht. Konzentrisch um die Hohlladung 4 herum ist eine ringförmige Kammer vorgesehen, in der sich eine sogenannte Schlagladung 6 befindet, die vor allem auf die Kette eines Panzerfahrzeuges wirkt. Unterhalb der Hohlladung 4 befindet sich noch eine dritte, kleinere Ladung, die Zündladung 7, der Sprengkapseln 8 zugeordnet sind und die eine sichere Zündung der Sprengladungen 4 und 6 bewirkt. Die beiden Ladungen 4 und 6 stehen durch Öffnungen 9 in der Trennwand zwischen den sie enthaltenden Kammern miteinander in Verbindung.The land mine shown has a rectangular housing 1, which is composed of a base plate 2 and a cover 3, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 emerges. Two explosive charges are accommodated in the housing 1, e.g. a so-called hollow charge 4 in a chamber located in the center of the housing i, which is closed at the top by a funnel-shaped boundary wall 5. This shaped charge 4 has an armor-piercing effect and achieves its greatest penetration force if there is a distance of approximately 50 to 70 cm between the mine and the armor plate to be penetrated. An annular chamber is provided concentrically around the shaped charge 4, in which there is a so-called blow charge 6, which acts primarily on the chain of an armored vehicle. Beneath the shaped charge 4 there is still a third, smaller charge, the primer charge 7, which is assigned detonators 8 and which causes the explosive charges 4 and 6 to be reliably ignited. The two charges 4 and 6 are connected to one another by openings 9 in the partition between the chambers containing them.

Aus Fig. 1 ist zu erkennen, daß für die Zündladung 7 insgesammt vier Sprengkapseln 8 vorgesehen sind. Diese Sprengkapseln 8 sind voneinander unabhänig und je einem anderen Zündsystem zugeordnet. Es sind somit auch vier voneinander unabhänige Zünder vorhanden, u.zw. ein Druckzünder 10, ein Knickzünder 11, ein Entlastungszünder 12 und ein Seitenzündkanal 13, in den z. B. eine elektrisch, elektronisch, durch Bodenerschütterung oder auch durch Änderung des Magnetfeldes oder des Induktionsfeldes gezündete Sprengkapsel eingesetzt werden kann. Jeder Zünder ist mit einer Sicherheitsvorrichtung ausgestattet, durch die er wahlweise gesichert oder entsichert werden kann.From Fig. 1 it can be seen that a total of four detonators 8 are provided for the primer 7. These detonators 8 are independent of one another and each assigned to a different ignition system. There are therefore four detonators that are independent of each other, e.g. a pressure igniter 10, a kink igniter 11, a relief igniter 12 and a side ignition channel 13, in the z. B. can be used electrically, electronically, detonated by vibration or by changing the magnetic field or the induction field detonator. Each detonator is equipped with a safety device that can be used to either secure or unlock it.

Der Druckzünder 10 ist als pneumatischer Druckzünder ausgebildet und besitzt gemäß Fig. 2 einen Schlagbolzen 14, der durch eine federbelastete Kugel 15, die in eine Rastnut des Schlagbolzens 14 eingreift, in seiner Ruhelage gehalten ist. Der Schlagbolze, 14 wird pneumatisch betätigt und ist in einem Zylinder 16 verschiebbar, der über Leitungen 17 mit vier Auslösern 18 in Verbindung steht, die gemäß Fig. 1 in den Ecken des Gehäuses 1 angeordnet sind. Aus Fig. 2 ist zu erkennen, daß jeder Auslöser 18 einen Druckstempel 19 besitzt, der bei Belastung eine Gaspatrone 20 gegen einen Dorn 21 drückt, der den Gasverschluß der Patrone 20 öffnet. Um Fehlauslösungen bei kleinen Druckbelastungen zu verhindern, ist jeder Druckstempel 19 durch Scherstifte 22 gesichert.The igniter 10 is designed as a pneumatic igniter and, according to FIG. 2, has a firing pin 14 which is held in its rest position by a spring-loaded ball 15 which engages in a locking groove of the firing pin 14. The firing pin 14 is actuated pneumatically and is displaceable in a cylinder 16 which is connected via lines 17 to four triggers 18 which are arranged in the corners of the housing 1 according to FIG. 1. From Fig. 2 it can be seen that each trigger 18 has a pressure stamp 19 which, when loaded, presses a gas cartridge 20 against a mandrel 21 which opens the gas seal of the cartridge 20. In order to prevent false triggering with small pressure loads, each pressure stamp 19 is secured by shear pins 22.

Wenn bei Belastung eines oder mehrerer Druckstempel 19 die Scherstifte 22 abgetrennt und die Gaspatrone 20 durch den Dorn 21 geöffnet wird, strömt das Druckgas durch die Leitungen 17 in den Zylinder 16, wo es nach Überwindung der Haltekraft der Kugel 15 den Schlagbolzen 14 verschiebt. Diesem ist ein Zündhütchen 23 zugeordnet. Zwischen dem Schlagbolzen 14 und dem Zündhütchen 23 befindet sich ein Sicherungszylinder 24 mit einer quer durchgehenden Bohrung 25. Der Sicherungszylinder 24 ist im Gehäuse des Schlagbolzens 14 um eine quer zu dessen Bewegungsrichtung verlaufende Achse mit Hilfe einer Welle 26 verdrehbar, die über einen an der Außenseite des Deckels 2 liegenden Handhebel 27 betätigbar ist. Dieser Handhebel 27 kann durch einen in der Zeichnung nicht dargestellten Sicherrungssplint gesichert werden. In der in Fig. 2 gezeigten Stellung verhindert der Sicherungszylinder 24, daß der Schlagbolzen 14 auf das Zündhütchen 23 aufschlägt. Erst nach Verdrehen des Sicherungszylinders 24 um 90° kann der Schlagbolzen 14 durch die Bohrung 25 im Sicherungszylinder 24 hindurch das Zündhütchen 23 erreichen. Die Welle 26 ist mit einer Sollbruchstelle 28 versehen, nach deren Abbrechen das Zündsystem nicht mehr mittels des Handhebels 27 gesichert werden kann. Eine Sicherrung ist dann nur noch durch Verwendung eines Spezialschlüssels möglich.When the shear pins 22 are separated and the gas cartridge 20 is opened by the mandrel 21 when one or more plungers 19 are loaded, the compressed gas flows through the lines 17 into the cylinder 16, where it overcomes the holding force of the ball 15 and moves the firing pin 14. A primer 23 is assigned to this. Between the firing pin 14 and the primer 23 there is a locking cylinder 24 with a transverse bore 25. The locking cylinder 24 is rotatable in the housing of the firing pin 14 about an axis extending transversely to its direction of movement by means of a shaft 26, which is on the outside of the cover 2 lying hand lever 27 can be actuated. This hand lever 27 can be secured by a split pin, not shown in the drawing. In the position shown in FIG. 2, the safety cylinder 24 prevents the firing pin 14 from striking the primer 23. Only after the locking cylinder 24 has been rotated by 90 ° can the firing pin 14 reach the primer 23 through the bore 25 in the locking cylinder 24. The shaft 26 is provided with a predetermined breaking point 28, after which the ignition system can no longer be secured by means of the hand lever 27. Securing is then only possible by using a special key.

Der Knickzünder 11 ist aus Fig. 3 zu erkennen. Zu seiner Betätigung ist ein Stab 29 vorgesehen, der über den Deckel 3 des Gehäuses 1 nach oben ragt und in ein halbkugelförmiges Gelenkstück 30 eingesetzt ist. Dieses wirkt bei seiner Verschwenkung auf ein Druckstück 31 und drückt dieses gegen die Kraft einer Feder 32 nach unten. Mit dem Druckstück 31 ist ein Auslösestift 33 verbunden. Dieser wirkt mit Haltebügeln 34 zusammen, die durch nicht dargestellte Federn gegeneinander gedrückt werden und zwischen denen ein mit dem Schlagbolzen 35 verbundener, kegelförmiger Haltekopf 36 verankerbar ist. Das Spannen des Schlagbolzens 35 erfolgt mit Hilfe einer Sicherungswelle 37, bei deren Verdrehen ein Spannfinger 38 den Schlagbolzen 35 gegen die Kraft seiner Feder 39 vorspannt und den kegelförmigen Haltekopf 36 zwischen den beiden Haltebügeln 34 einrastet. Ein zusätzlicher Sicherungsfinger 40 an der Sicherungswelle 37 verhindert hiebei, daß der Schlagbolzen 35 bei unbeabsichtigtem Ausklinken während des Spannens das Zündhütchen 23 der zugehörigen Sprengkapsel 8 erreicht. Erst nach sicherem Verankern des Schlagbolzens 35 in der gespannten Stellung, wird der Sicherungsfinger 40 aus dem Bewegungsbereich des Schlagbolzens geschwenkt, worauf der Knickzünder 11 entsichert ist.The kink igniter 11 can be seen in FIG. 3. For its actuation, a rod 29 is provided which projects upwards over the cover 3 of the housing 1 and is inserted into a hemispherical joint piece 30. When it is pivoted, this acts on a pressure piece 31 and presses it downward against the force of a spring 32. A trigger pin 33 is connected to the pressure piece 31. This interacts with holding brackets 34 which are pressed against one another by springs (not shown) and between which a conical holding head 36 connected to the firing pin 35 can be anchored. The firing pin 35 is tensioned with the aid of a securing shaft 37, upon rotation of which a tensioning finger 38 prestresses the firing pin 35 against the force of its spring 39 and the conical holding head 36 engages between the two holding brackets 34. An additional securing finger 40 on the securing shaft 37 prevents the firing pin 35 from reaching the primer 23 of the associated detonator capsule 8 if it is unintentionally released during tensioning. Only after the firing pin 35 has been securely anchored in the tensioned position is the securing finger 40 pivoted out of the range of motion of the firing pin, whereupon the articulated fuse 11 is unlocked.

Der gleichfalls aus Fig. 3 zu entnehmende Entlastungszünder 12 besitzt als Auslöseorgan eine Auslöseplatte 41, die in der Ebene der Grundplatte 2 des Gehäuses 1 quer zur Plattenebene verschiebbar gelagert ist. Eine in der Zeichnung nicht dargestellte Feder belastet die Auslöseplatte 41 nach außen. An der Auslöseplatte 41 ist ein gleichfalls nicht dargestellter Auslösestift befestigt, in den ein Sicherungssplint 42 eingreift, der an der Seite des Deckels 3 des Gehäuses 1 verankert ist und zum Entsichern des Entlastungszünders 12 abgezogen werden kann. Sobald der Sicherungssplint 42 entfernt ist, wird die Auslöseplatte 41 gegen die Kraft der sie nach außen belastenden Feder nur noch durch das Eigengewicht der Mine in der Ebene der Grundplatte 2 gehalten. Der nicht dargestellte Auslösestift verankert hiebei den Schlagbolzen, der ausgelöst wird und über ein Zündhütchen die zugehörige Sprengkapsel 8 zündet, sobald die Mine angehoben und hiebei die Auslöseplatte 41 durch ihre Feder aus der Grundplatte 2 herausgedrückt wird.The relief igniter 12, which can also be seen in FIG. 3, has a trigger plate 41 as a trigger element, which is slidably mounted in the plane of the base plate 2 of the housing 1 transversely to the plate plane. A spring, not shown in the drawing, loads the release plate 41 to the outside. A trigger pin, also not shown, is fastened to the trigger plate 41, into which a locking split pin 42 engages, which is anchored on the side of the cover 3 of the housing 1 and can be removed for releasing the relief igniter 12. Once the safety pin 42 is removed, the trigger plate 41 against the force of it after external spring only held by the weight of the mine in the plane of the base plate 2. The trigger pin, not shown, anchors the firing pin, which is triggered and detonates the associated detonator 8 via a primer, as soon as the mine is lifted and the trigger plate 41 is pressed out of the base plate 2 by its spring.

Der das vierte Zündsystem bildende Seitenzündkanal 13 ist aus den Fig. 1 und 2 zu erkennen. In diesen Seitenzündkanal 13 kann durch eine allenfalls verschließbare Öffnung 43 in der Seitenwand des Deckels 3 des Gehäuses 1 eine zweckmäßig elektrisch zündbare Vorrichtung eingeschoben werden, welche die Sprengkapsel 8 zündet. Es ist auch möglich, durch die Öffnung 43 Zünddrähte herauszuführen, die ein Zünden der Mine aus der Ferne ermöglichen. Auch eine Funkzündung oder eine Zündung durch Änderungen des Magnetfeldes oder des Induktionsfeldes sowie durch Bodenerschütterungen können im Rahmen der Erfindung verwendet werden.The side ignition channel 13 forming the fourth ignition system can be seen from FIGS. 1 and 2. An expediently electrically ignitable device which ignites the detonator capsule 8 can be inserted into this side ignition channel 13 through an optionally closable opening 43 in the side wall of the cover 3 of the housing 1. It is also possible to lead out ignition wires through the opening 43, which enable the mine to be ignited from a distance. A radio ignition or an ignition by changes in the magnetic field or the induction field and by vibrations in the ground can also be used within the scope of the invention.

Beim Verlegen der beschriebenen Landmine in einem Minenfeld wird bei jeder Mine immer nur ein Teil der Zündsysteme aktiviert. Das Minenfeld besteht dann aus gleich aussehenden und gleich aufgebauten Minen, die aber auf verschiedene äußere Einwirkungen ansprechen oder auch aus der Ferne gezündet werden können. Es ist deshalb für einen Gegner praktisch nicht möglich, das Minenfeld mit vertretbarem Aufwand zu entschärfen, auch wenn er die Bauart der verwendeten Minen genau kennt. Wenn die erfindungsgemäße Landmine mit zwei oder mehreren Sprengladungen versehen ist, die unterschiedlich wirken, z. B. mit einer Hohlladung und einer Schlagladung, können daraus Minenfelder aufgebaut werden, die auch von gut ausgerüsteten Gegnern praktisch nicht überwindbar sind.When laying the described land mine in a mine field, only a part of the ignition systems is activated for each mine. The minefield then consists of mines that look the same and have the same structure, but which respond to various external influences or can be detonated from a distance. It is therefore practically not possible for an opponent to defuse the minefield with reasonable effort, even if he knows the design of the mines used. If the land mine according to the invention is provided with two or more explosive charges that act differently, e.g. B. with a hollow charge and a blow charge, minefields can be built from it, which are practically impossible to overcome even by well-equipped opponents.

Claims (3)

1. A landmine, especially destinated for anti- tank defense purposes, provided with at least one blasting load (4, 6) and at least two detonators (10, 11, 12, 13) functioning through different detonating systems, characterized in that the number of detonators is selected (10, 11, 12, 13) independentiy of the number of blasting loads (4, 6), that each detonator (10, 11, 12, 13) is equipped with an activating mechanism (24, 37, 42) and that the activating mechanism (24, 37,42) of the detonators (10, 11, 12, 13) are operable independentiy of each other the detonators (10, 11, 12, 13) being activated at choice.
2. A landmine according to claim 1, characterized in that a pneumatic detonator (10) is provided having an activating mechanism, which consists of a safety cyilnder (24) arranged crosswise in a blasting channel and having a bore (25) traversing the safety cylinder (24), which is rotatable around an axle running across the bore (25).
3. A landmine according to claim 1, characterized in that a mechanical detonator (11) is provided, the activating mechanism of which consists of a safety shaft (37) with two fingers (38, 40), one finger (38) of the safety shaft (37) activates the firing pin (35) when the security shaft (37) is rotated, and the other finger (40) closes the function of the blasting channel during the activating period releasing the blasting channel after additional rotating of the safety shaft (37) only.
EP19830890177 1982-10-11 1983-10-10 Land mine, in particular an anti-tank mine Expired EP0107643B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT3746/82 1982-10-11
AT374682A AT384673B (en) 1982-10-11 1982-10-11 LANDMINE, ESPECIALLY FOR ARMOR DEFENSE

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EP0107643A1 EP0107643A1 (en) 1984-05-02
EP0107643B1 true EP0107643B1 (en) 1987-07-22

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EP19830890177 Expired EP0107643B1 (en) 1982-10-11 1983-10-10 Land mine, in particular an anti-tank mine
EP83890178A Expired EP0108742B1 (en) 1982-10-11 1983-10-10 Land mine, in particular an anti-tank mine

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP83890178A Expired EP0108742B1 (en) 1982-10-11 1983-10-10 Land mine, in particular an anti-tank mine

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AT (1) AT384673B (en)
DE (2) DE3372662D1 (en)

Family Cites Families (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US830538A (en) * 1904-08-19 1906-09-11 Albert H Stebbins Pneumatic vanner.
FR1355501A (en) * 1950-08-11 1964-03-20 Alsacienne D Explosifs Et D Ap Explosive devices
US2843042A (en) * 1951-08-04 1958-07-15 Montedison Spa Non-metallic mine fuse
FR1053566A (en) * 1952-04-08 1954-02-03 Commerce Internat Soc Et Improvements to explosive mines, particularly anti-tank mines
US3410212A (en) * 1953-05-07 1968-11-12 Army Usa Anti-tank mine with binary explosive charge
US2830538A (en) * 1953-07-31 1958-04-15 Albert O Dodge Automatic firing device
DE1183410B (en) * 1962-05-26 1964-12-10 Karlsruhe Augsburg Iweka Metal-free igniter for mines
FR1605223A (en) * 1965-06-03 1973-08-31
SE373660B (en) * 1973-05-22 1975-02-10 Bofors Ab LANDMINA
SE417643B (en) * 1976-09-30 1981-03-30 Saab Scania Ab FOR HELPING SENSITIVE MEMORY TONATOR
FR2393261A1 (en) * 1977-06-01 1978-12-29 Ruggieri Ets Undetectable anti-tank mine - has pyrotechnic time delay fused arming device
FR2507307A1 (en) * 1981-06-03 1982-12-10 Trt Telecom Radio Electr METHOD FOR FIREDING EXPLOSIVE MACHINE AND EXPLOSIVE MACHINE THUS OBTAINED
AT371932B (en) * 1981-11-12 1983-08-10 Assmann Geb TANKS

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0108742A1 (en) 1984-05-16
AT384673B (en) 1987-12-28
EP0108742B1 (en) 1987-02-04
DE3369727D1 (en) 1987-03-12
DE3372662D1 (en) 1987-08-27
ATA374682A (en) 1987-05-15
EP0107643A1 (en) 1984-05-02

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