EP0107643A1 - Land mine, in particular an anti-tank mine - Google Patents

Land mine, in particular an anti-tank mine Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0107643A1
EP0107643A1 EP19830890177 EP83890177A EP0107643A1 EP 0107643 A1 EP0107643 A1 EP 0107643A1 EP 19830890177 EP19830890177 EP 19830890177 EP 83890177 A EP83890177 A EP 83890177A EP 0107643 A1 EP0107643 A1 EP 0107643A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
mine
detonators
charge
igniter
land mine
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Granted
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EP19830890177
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0107643B1 (en
Inventor
Oskar Vonderhaid
Harald Vonderhaid
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Individual
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Individual
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42CAMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
    • F42C14/00Mechanical fuzes characterised by the ammunition class or type
    • F42C14/08Mechanical fuzes characterised by the ammunition class or type for land mines
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42CAMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
    • F42C7/00Fuzes actuated by application of a predetermined mechanical force, e.g. tension, torsion, pressure
    • F42C7/02Contact fuzes, i.e. fuzes actuated by mechanical contact between a stationary ammunition, e.g. a land mine, and a moving target, e.g. a person
    • F42C7/04Contact fuzes, i.e. fuzes actuated by mechanical contact between a stationary ammunition, e.g. a land mine, and a moving target, e.g. a person actuated by applying pressure on the ammunition head
    • F42C7/06Contact fuzes, i.e. fuzes actuated by mechanical contact between a stationary ammunition, e.g. a land mine, and a moving target, e.g. a person actuated by applying pressure on the ammunition head and comprising pneumatic or hydraulic retarding means
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42CAMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
    • F42C9/00Time fuzes; Combined time and percussion or pressure-actuated fuzes; Fuzes for timed self-destruction of ammunition
    • F42C9/14Double fuzes; Multiple fuzes

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a land mine, in particular for anti-tank defense, which is provided with at least one explosive charge and one detonator.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a land mine that makes clearing a mine field practically impossible for the opponent, even if he knows the type of mine used exactly.
  • the land mine according to the invention is characterized in that, regardless of the number of explosive charges, at least two detonators are provided, each of which is effective for all explosive charges on its own, and that the detonators operate according to different ignition systems and can be activated independently of one another.
  • the landmines designed according to the invention not only have the same appearance, but they are also all completely identical. When laying these mines, only one ignition system is unlocked, the procedure being irregular and mines being randomly installed next to one another, in which different ignition systems are activated. The opponent can therefore neither see from the construction of the mine nor from its appearance how it can be defused or a minefield built from such mines.
  • At least one mechanically or pneumatically actuated pressure igniter and one articulated fuse as well as a hollow charge and a blow charge are provided.
  • the shaped charge has an armor-piercing effect at a certain distance above its point of installation, which is approximately between half a meter and one meter. It therefore acts on the underside of a tank traveling over it and is expediently triggered by the articulated fuse.
  • the impact charge on the other hand, which acts in the immediate vicinity of its installation site, is aimed at destroying the tank chains or the wheels of vehicles rolling over them.
  • the pressure igniter is therefore provided for triggering it, although it can also be triggered by the articulated fuse.
  • Such a land mine according to the invention is characterized by a particularly wide range of action, so that mine fields can be built with great effectiveness from such mines, which can practically not be eliminated by the opponent.
  • a further embodiment of the land mine according to the invention consists in that, in addition to other detonators, at least one side ignition channel opening on the outside of the mine is provided, into which an explosive capsule that can be ignited electrically or electronically, at most remotely, can be inserted.
  • the effectiveness of a mine according to the invention is thereby increased built mine lock and the security against removal of the same by the opponent is further increased.
  • the miners can be triggered electrically by detonators inserted in the side ignition channel of individual mines, for example by ignition signals supplied from a distance via lines, by induction when an enemy vehicle is approaching or also with the aid of a provided radio control.
  • FIG. 1 shows a top view of the land mine according to the invention with the housing cover lifted off
  • FIG. 2 shows a section along the line II-II in FIG. 1
  • FIG. 3 shows a further section along the section line III shown in FIGS. III.
  • the land mine shown has a rectangular housing 1, which is composed of a base plate 2 and a cover 3, as can be seen from FIGS. 2 and 3.
  • Two explosive charges are accommodated in the housing 1, e.g. a so-called hollow charge 4 in a chamber located in the center of the housing 1, which is closed at the top by a funnel-shaped boundary wall 5.
  • This hollow charge 4 has an armor-piercing effect and achieves its greatest penetration force if there is a distance of approximately 50 to 70 cm between the mine and the armor plate to be penetrated.
  • An annular chamber is provided concentrically around the shaped charge 4, in which there is a so-called blow charge 6, which acts primarily on the chain of an armored vehicle.
  • the priming charge 7 there is still a third, smaller charge, the priming charge 7, the detonators 8 are assigned and which causes a reliable ignition of the explosive charges 4 and 6.
  • the two charges 4 and 6 are connected to one another by openings 9 in the partition between the chambers containing them.
  • detonators 8 are independent of one another and each assigned to a different ignition system. There are therefore four detonators that are independent of each other, e.g. a pressure igniter 10, a kink igniter 11, a relief igniter 12 and a side ignition channel 13, in which e.g. an detonator detonated electrically, electronically, by vibration or by changing the magnetic field or the induction field can be used.-Each detonator is equipped with a safety device by which it can be secured or unlocked.
  • the igniter 10 is designed as a pneumatic igniter and, according to FIG. 2, has a firing pin 14, which is held in its rest position by a spring-loaded ball 15 which engages in a locking groove of the firing pin 14.
  • the firing pin 14 is actuated pneumatically and is displaceable in a cylinder 16 which has four triggers via lines 17.
  • ser 18 is connected, which are arranged according to FIG. 1 in the corners of the housing 1. From Fig. 2 it can be seen that each trigger 18 has a pressure stamp 19 which, when loaded, presses a gas cartridge 20 against a mandrel 21 which opens the gas seal of the cartridge 20. To prevent false triggering with small pressure loads, every pressure stamp is 19 secured by shear pins 22.
  • the safety cylinder 24 prevents the firing pin 14 from striking the primer 23. Only after the locking cylinder 24 has been rotated by 90 ° can the firing pin 14 reach the primer 23 through the bore 25 in the locking cylinder 24.
  • the shaft 26 is provided with a predetermined breaking point 28, after which the ignition system can no longer be secured by means of the hand lever 27. Securing is then only possible by using a special key.
  • the kink igniter 11 can be seen in FIG. 3.
  • a rod 29 is provided which projects upwards over the cover 3 of the housing 1 and is inserted into a hemispherical joint piece 30. This works when it is wasted kung on a pressure piece 31 and presses it against the force of a spring 32 down.
  • a trigger pin 33 is connected to the pressure piece 31. This interacts with holding brackets 34 which are pressed against one another by springs (not shown) and between which a conical holding head 36 connected to the firing pin 35 can be anchored.
  • the firing pin 35 is tensioned with the aid of a securing shaft 37, upon rotation of which a tensioning finger 38 prestresses the firing pin 35 against the force of its spring 39 and the conical holding head 36 engages between the two holding brackets 34.
  • An additional securing finger 40 on the securing shaft 37 prevents the firing pin 35 from reaching the primer 23 of the associated detonator capsule 8 when it is unintentionally released during tensioning. Only after the firing pin 35 has been securely anchored in the tensioned position is the securing finger 40 pivoted out of the range of motion of the firing pin, whereupon the articulated fuse 11 is unlocked.
  • the relief igniter 12 which can also be seen in FIG. 3, has a trigger plate 41 as a trigger element, which is slidably mounted in the plane of the base plate 2 of the housing 1 transversely to the plate plane.
  • a spring loads the release plate 41 to the outside.
  • a trigger pin also not shown, is fastened to the trigger plate 41, into which a locking pin 42 engages, which is anchored to the side of the cover 3 of the housing 1 and can be pulled off to unlock the relief igniter 12. Once the split pin 42 is removed the release plate 41 is held against the force of the spring loading it outward only by the dead weight of the mine in the plane of the base plate 2.
  • the trigger pin anchors the firing pin, which is triggered and detonates the associated detonator 8 via a primer, as soon as the mine is lifted and the trigger plate 41 is pressed out of the base plate 2 by its spring.
  • the side ignition channel 13 forming the fourth ignition system can be seen from FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • An expediently electrically ignitable device which ignites the detonator capsule 8 can be inserted into this side ignition channel 13 through an optionally closable opening 43 in the side wall of the cover 3 of the housing 1. It is also possible to lead 43 ignition wires through the opening, which enable the mine to be ignited from a distance.
  • a radio ignition or an ignition by changes in the magnetic field or the induction field and by vibrations in the ground can also be used within the scope of the invention.
  • minefields When laying the described land mine in a mine field, only a part of the ignition systems is activated for each mine.
  • the minefield then consists of mines that look the same and have the same structure, but which respond to various external influences or can be detonated from a distance. It is therefore practically not possible for an opponent to defuse the minefield with reasonable effort, even if he knows the design of the mines used. If the land mine according to the invention with two or more explosives provided with different effects, for example with a hollow charge and a blow charge, minefields can be built from it that are practically impossible to overcome even by well-equipped opponents.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Air Bags (AREA)
  • Emergency Lowering Means (AREA)
  • Portable Nailing Machines And Staplers (AREA)

Abstract

1. A landmine, especially destinated for antitank defense purposes, provided with at least one blasting load (4, 6) and at least two detonators (10, 11, 12, 13) functioning through different detonating systems, characterized in that the number of detonators is selected (10, 11, 12, 13) independently of the number of blasting loads (4, 6), that each detonator (10, 11, 12, 13) is equipped with an activating mechanism (24, 37, 42) and that the activating mechanism (24, 37, 42) of the detonators (10, 11, 12, 13) are operable independently of each other the detonators (10, 11, 12, 13) being activated at choice.

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Landmine, insbesondere zur Panzerabwehr, die mit wenigstens einer Sprengladung und einem Zünder versehen ist.The invention relates to a land mine, in particular for anti-tank defense, which is provided with at least one explosive charge and one detonator.

Es sind bereits verschiedene Landminen dieser Bauart bekannt, die eine oder mehrere Sprengladungen enthalten und mit unterschiedlichen Zündsystemen ausgestattet sind, z.B. mit einem Druckzünder, einem Knickzünder, einem Entlastungszünder oder aber mit einer fernsteuerbaren Zündvorrichtung. Jede Minenbauart wird in Abhängigkeit von ihrem Zünder unterschiedlich ausgelöst, besitzt auf Grund der in ihr enthaltenen Sprengladung eine spezifische Wirkung und verlangt zu ihrer Beseitigung oder Entschärfung auch jeweils andere, auf ihr Zündsystem abgestimmte Maßnahmen. Wenn die Bauart der Minen bekannt ist, bereitet es keine besonderen technischen Schwierigkeiten, diese unwirksam zu machen.Various landmines of this type are already known, which contain one or more explosive charges and are equipped with different ignition systems, e.g. with a pressure igniter, an articulated igniter, a relief igniter or with a remotely controllable ignition device. Each type of mine is triggered differently depending on its detonator, has a specific effect due to the explosive charge contained in it and also requires other measures tailored to its ignition system to eliminate or defuse it. If the construction of the mines is known, there are no particular technical difficulties in rendering them ineffective.

In der Praxis bleiben die von einem Gegner verwendeten Minenbauarten dem anderen Gegner nicht lange unbekannt. Es kann praktisch nicht verhindert werden, daß beide einander bekämpfenden Seiten in den Besitz von Minen ihrer Gegner gelangen oder zumindest den genauen Aufbau derselben herausfinden. Die Räumung dieser Minen stellt dann für den betreffenden Gegner kein besonderes Problem dar. Auch wenn in einem Minenfeld Minen verschiedener Bauart verlegt sind, kann dadurch die Räumung nicht verhindert, sondern höchstens verzögert werden. Der räumende Gegner wird rasch die Bauart der jeweils verwendeten Minen erkennen und dann die erforderlichen Maßnahmen ergreifen.In practice, the mine types used by one enemy are not long unknown to the other enemy. It is practically impossible to prevent both sides fighting against each other from possessing their opponents' mines or at least finding out the exact structure of them. The evacuation of these mines then does not represent for the opponent concerned poses a particular problem. Even if mines of different types are laid in a mine field, the evacuation cannot be prevented thereby, but at most be delayed. The evacuating opponent will quickly recognize the type of mine used and then take the necessary measures.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Landmine zu schaffen, die dem Gegner die Räumung eines Minenfeldes praktisch unmöglich macht, auch wenn dieser die Bauart der verwendeten Minen genau kennt.The invention has for its object to provide a land mine that makes clearing a mine field practically impossible for the opponent, even if he knows the type of mine used exactly.

Die erfindungsgemäße Landmine ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß unabhängig von der Anzahl der Sprengladungen mindestens zwei Zünder vorgesehen sind, von denen jeder für sich allein für alle Sprengladungen wirksam ist, und daß die Zünder nach unterschiedlichen Zündsystemen arbeiten sowie unabhänig voneinander wahlweise aktivierbar sind. Die nach der Erfindung ausgebildeten Landminen besitzen nicht nur das gleiche Aussehen, sondern sie sind auch alle völlig gleich ausgebildet. Beim Verlegen dieser Minen wird jeweils nur ein Zündsystem entsichert, wobei unregelmäßig vorgegangen wird und Minen wahllos nebeneinander verlegt werden, bei denen unterschiedliche Zündsysteme aktiviert sind. Der Gegner kann deshalb weder aus der Bauart der Mine noch aus deren Aussehen erkennen, wie diese bzw. ein aus solchen Minen errichtetes Minenfeld entschärft werden kann. Er muß zum Räumen eines solchen Minenfeldes alle Maßnahmen nacheinander anwenden, die zum Entschärfen oder zum Auslösen der einzelnen Minen in Frage kommen könnten. Dies ist nicht nur umständlich, sonder dauert meist auch länger, als in der Praxis Zeit zur Verfügung steht. Trotzdem besteht auch nach Durchführung aller Räumungsmaßnahmen keine absolute Sicherheit dafür, daß tatsächlich alle Gefahr beseitigt ist.The land mine according to the invention is characterized in that, regardless of the number of explosive charges, at least two detonators are provided, each of which is effective for all explosive charges on its own, and that the detonators operate according to different ignition systems and can be activated independently of one another. The landmines designed according to the invention not only have the same appearance, but they are also all completely identical. When laying these mines, only one ignition system is unlocked, the procedure being irregular and mines being randomly installed next to one another, in which different ignition systems are activated. The opponent can therefore neither see from the construction of the mine nor from its appearance how it can be defused or a minefield built from such mines. To clear such a minefield, he must apply all measures one after the other that could be used to defuse or trigger the individual mines. This is not only cumbersome, but usually also takes longer than in the Practice time is available. Nevertheless, even after all evacuation measures have been carried out, there is no absolute guarantee that all danger has actually been eliminated.

Bei einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Landmine sind wenigstens ein mechanisch oder pneumatisch betätigter Druckzünder und ein Knickzünder sowie eine Hohlladung und eine Schlagladung vorgesehen. Die Hohlladung besitzt panzerbrechende Wirkung in einem bestimmten Abstand über ihrer Verlegungsstelle, der etwa zwischen einem halben und einem Meter liegt. Sie wirkt deshalb auf die Unterseite eines über sie fahrenden Panzers und wird zweckmäßig durch den Knickzünder ausgelöst. Die Schlagladung, die dagegen in unmittelbarer Nähe ihrer Verlegungsstelle wirkt, ist auf die Zerstörung der Panzerketten oder der Räder von über sie hinwegrollenden Fahrzeugen gerichtet. Für ihre Auslösung ist daher der Druckzünder vorgesehen, wobei sie aber auch durch den Knickzünder ausgelöst werden kann. Eine so ausgestaltete erfindungsgemäße Landmine zeichnet sich durch einen besonders breiten Wirkungsbereich aus, so daß aus solchen Minen Minenfelder mit großer Wirksamkeit aufgebaut werden können, die vom Gegner praktisch nicht beseitigt werden können.In a preferred embodiment of the land mine according to the invention, at least one mechanically or pneumatically actuated pressure igniter and one articulated fuse as well as a hollow charge and a blow charge are provided. The shaped charge has an armor-piercing effect at a certain distance above its point of installation, which is approximately between half a meter and one meter. It therefore acts on the underside of a tank traveling over it and is expediently triggered by the articulated fuse. The impact charge, on the other hand, which acts in the immediate vicinity of its installation site, is aimed at destroying the tank chains or the wheels of vehicles rolling over them. The pressure igniter is therefore provided for triggering it, although it can also be triggered by the articulated fuse. Such a land mine according to the invention is characterized by a particularly wide range of action, so that mine fields can be built with great effectiveness from such mines, which can practically not be eliminated by the opponent.

Eine weitere Ausgestaltung der erfindungsgemäßen Landmine besteht darin, daß zusätzlich zu anderen Zündern wenigstens ein an der Außenseite der Mine mündender Seitenzündkanal vorgesehen ist, in den eine elektrisch oder elektronisch, allenfalls ferngesteuert zündbare Sprengkapsel einsetzbar ist. Dadurch wird die Wirksamkeit einer aus erfindungsgemäßen Minen aufgebauten Minensperre sowie die Sicherheit gegen eine Beseitigung derselben durch den Gegner noch weiter vergrößert. Durch in den Seitenzündkanal einzelner Minen eingesetzte Zünder können die Minen elektrisch ausgelöst werden, z.B. durch über Leitungen aus der Ferne zugeführte Zündsignale, durch Induktion beim Annähern eines feindlichen Fahrzeuges oder aber auch mit Hilfe einer vorgesehenen Funksteuerung.A further embodiment of the land mine according to the invention consists in that, in addition to other detonators, at least one side ignition channel opening on the outside of the mine is provided, into which an explosive capsule that can be ignited electrically or electronically, at most remotely, can be inserted. The effectiveness of a mine according to the invention is thereby increased built mine lock and the security against removal of the same by the opponent is further increased. The miners can be triggered electrically by detonators inserted in the side ignition channel of individual mines, for example by ignition signals supplied from a distance via lines, by induction when an enemy vehicle is approaching or also with the aid of a provided radio control.

In den Zeichnungen ist ein Ausführungsbeispiel der erfindungsgemäßen Landmine dargestellt. Fig. 1 zeigt eine Draufsicht auf die erfindungsgemäße Landmine bei abgehobenem Gehäusedeckel, Fig. 2 dazu einen Schnitt nach der Linie II-II in Fig. 1 und Fig. 3 einen weiteren Schnitt nach der in den Fig.1 und 2 eingezeichneten Schnittlinie III-III.In the drawings, an embodiment of the land mine according to the invention is shown. 1 shows a top view of the land mine according to the invention with the housing cover lifted off, FIG. 2 shows a section along the line II-II in FIG. 1 and FIG. 3 shows a further section along the section line III shown in FIGS. III.

Die dargestellte Landmine besitzt ein rechteckiges Gehäuse 1, das aus einer Grundplatte 2 und einem Deckel 3 zusammengesetzt ist, wie aus den Fig. 2 und 3 hervorgeht. Im Gehäuse 1 sind zwei Sprengladungen untergebracht, u.zw. eine sogenannte Hohlladung 4 in einer im Zentrum des Gehäuses 1 gelegenen Kammer, die nach oben durch eine trichtförmige Begrenzungswand 5 abgeschlossen ist. Diese Hohlladung 4 hat panzerbrechende Wirkung und erzielt ihre größte Durchschlagskraft, wenn zwischen der Mine und der durchzuschlagenden Panzerplatte ein Abstand von etwa 50 bis 70 cm besteht. Konzentrisch um die Hohlladung 4 herum ist eine ringförmige Kammer vorgesehen, in der sich eine sogenannte Schlagladung 6 befindet, die vor allem auf die Kette eines Panzerfahrzeuges wirkt. Unterhalb der Hohlladung 4 befindet sich noch eine dritte, kleinere Ladung, die Zündladung 7, der Sprengkapseln 8 zugeordnet sind und die eine sichere Zündung der Sprengladungen 4 und 6 bewirkt. Die beiden Ladungen 4 und 6 stehen durch öffnungen 9 in der Trennwand zwischen den sie enthaltenden Kammern miteinander in Verbindung.The land mine shown has a rectangular housing 1, which is composed of a base plate 2 and a cover 3, as can be seen from FIGS. 2 and 3. Two explosive charges are accommodated in the housing 1, e.g. a so-called hollow charge 4 in a chamber located in the center of the housing 1, which is closed at the top by a funnel-shaped boundary wall 5. This hollow charge 4 has an armor-piercing effect and achieves its greatest penetration force if there is a distance of approximately 50 to 70 cm between the mine and the armor plate to be penetrated. An annular chamber is provided concentrically around the shaped charge 4, in which there is a so-called blow charge 6, which acts primarily on the chain of an armored vehicle. Below the shaped charge 4 there is still a third, smaller charge, the priming charge 7, the detonators 8 are assigned and which causes a reliable ignition of the explosive charges 4 and 6. The two charges 4 and 6 are connected to one another by openings 9 in the partition between the chambers containing them.

Aus Fig. 1 ist zu erkennen, daß für die Zündladung 7 insgesammt vier Sprengkapseln 8 vorgesehen sind. Diese Sprengkapseln 8 sind voneinander unabhänig und je einem anderen Zündsystem zugeordnet. Es sind somit auch vier voneinander unabhänige Zünder vorhanden, u.zw. ein Druckzünder 10, ein Knickzünder 11, ein Entlastungszünder 12 und ein Seitenzündkanal 13, in den z.B. eine elektrisch, elektronisch, durch Bodenerschütterung oder auch durch Änderung des Magnetfeldes oder des Induktionsfeldes gezündete Sprengkapsel eingesetzt werden kann.-Jeder Zünder ist mit einer Sicherheitsvorrichtung ausgestattet, durch die er wahlweise gesichert oder entsichert werden kann.From Fig. 1 it can be seen that a total of four detonators 8 are provided for the primer 7. These detonators 8 are independent of one another and each assigned to a different ignition system. There are therefore four detonators that are independent of each other, e.g. a pressure igniter 10, a kink igniter 11, a relief igniter 12 and a side ignition channel 13, in which e.g. an detonator detonated electrically, electronically, by vibration or by changing the magnetic field or the induction field can be used.-Each detonator is equipped with a safety device by which it can be secured or unlocked.

Der Druckzünder 10 ist als pneumatischer Druckzünder ausgebildet und besitzt gemäß Fig. 2 einen Schlagbolzen 14, der durch eine federbelastete Kugel 15, die in eine Rastnut des Schlagbolzens 14 eingreift, in seiner Ruhelage gehalten ist. Der Schlagbolzen 14 wird pneumatisch betätigt und ist in einem Zylinder 16 verschiebbar, der über Leitungen 17 mit vier Auslö-. sern 18 in Verbindung steht, die gemäß Fig. 1 in den Ecken des Gehäuses 1 angeordnet sind. Aus Fig. 2 ist zu erkennen, daß jeder Auslöser 18 einen Druckstempel 19 besitzt, der bei Belastung eine Gaspatrone 20 gegen einen Dorn 21 drückt, der den Gasverschluß der Patrone 20 öffnet. Um Fehlauslösuhgen bei kleinen Druckbelastungen zu verhindern, ist jeder Druckstempel 19 durch Scherstifte 22 gesichert.The igniter 10 is designed as a pneumatic igniter and, according to FIG. 2, has a firing pin 14, which is held in its rest position by a spring-loaded ball 15 which engages in a locking groove of the firing pin 14. The firing pin 14 is actuated pneumatically and is displaceable in a cylinder 16 which has four triggers via lines 17. ser 18 is connected, which are arranged according to FIG. 1 in the corners of the housing 1. From Fig. 2 it can be seen that each trigger 18 has a pressure stamp 19 which, when loaded, presses a gas cartridge 20 against a mandrel 21 which opens the gas seal of the cartridge 20. To prevent false triggering with small pressure loads, every pressure stamp is 19 secured by shear pins 22.

Wenn bei Belastung eines oder mehrerer Druckstempel 19 die Scherstifte 22 abgetrennt und die Gaspatrone 20 durch den Dorn 21 geöffnet wird, strömt das Druckgas durch die Leitungen 17 in den Zylinder 16, wo es nach Überwindung der Haltekraft der Kugel 15 den Schlagbolzen 14 verschiebt. Diesem ist ein Zündhütchen 23 zugeordnet. Zwischen dem Schlagbolzen 14 und dem Zündhütchen 23 befindet sich ein Sicherungszylinder 24 mit einer quer durchgehenden Bohrung 25. Der Sicherungszylinder 24 ist im Gehäuse des Schlagbolzens 14 um eine quer zu dessen Bewegungsrichtung verlaufende Achse mit Hilfe einer Welle 26 verdrehbar, die über einen an der Außenseite des Deckels 2 liegenden Handhebel 27 betätigbar ist. Dieser Handhebel 27 kann durch einen in der Zeichnung nicht dargestellten Sicherrungssplint gesichert werden. In der in Fig. 2 gezeigten Stellung verhindert der Sicherungszylinder 24, daß der Schlagbolzen 14 auf das Zündhütchen 23 aufschlägt. Erst nach Verdrehen des Sicherungszylinders 24 um 90° kann der Schlagbolzen 14 durch die Bohrung 25 im Sicherungszylinder 24 hindurch das Zündhütchen 23 erreichen. Die Welle 26 ist mit einer Sollbruchstelle 28 versehen, nach deren Abbrechen das Zündsystem nicht mehr mittels des Handhebels 27 gesichert werden kann. Eine Sicherrung ist dann nur noch durch Verwendung eines Spezialschlüssels möglich.When the shear pins 22 are separated and the gas cartridge 20 is opened by the mandrel 21 when one or more plungers 19 are loaded, the compressed gas flows through the lines 17 into the cylinder 16, where it overcomes the holding force of the ball 15 and moves the firing pin 14. A primer 23 is assigned to this. Between the firing pin 14 and the primer 23 there is a locking cylinder 24 with a transverse bore 25. The locking cylinder 24 is rotatable in the housing of the firing pin 14 about an axis extending transversely to its direction of movement by means of a shaft 26, which is on the outside of the cover 2 lying hand lever 27 can be actuated. This hand lever 27 can be secured by a split pin, not shown in the drawing. In the position shown in FIG. 2, the safety cylinder 24 prevents the firing pin 14 from striking the primer 23. Only after the locking cylinder 24 has been rotated by 90 ° can the firing pin 14 reach the primer 23 through the bore 25 in the locking cylinder 24. The shaft 26 is provided with a predetermined breaking point 28, after which the ignition system can no longer be secured by means of the hand lever 27. Securing is then only possible by using a special key.

Der Knickzünder 11 ist aus Fig. 3 zu erkennen. Zu seiner Betätigung ist ein Stab 29 vorgesehen, der über den Deckel 3 des Gehäuses 1 nach oben ragt und in ein halbkugelförmiges Gelenkstück 30 eingesetzt ist. Dieses wirkt bei seiner Verschwenkung auf ein Druckstück 31 und drückt dieses gegen die Kraft einer Feder 32 nach unten. Mit dem Druckstück 31 ist ein Auslösestift 33 verbunden. Dieser wirkt mit Haltebügeln 34 zusammen, die durch nicht dargestellte Federn gegeneinander gedrückt werden und zwischen denen ein mit dem Schlagbolzen 35 verbundener, kegelförmiger Haltekopf 36 verankerbar ist. Das Spannen des Schlagbolzens 35 erfolgt mit Hilfe einer Sicherungswelle 37, bei deren Verdrehen ein Spannfinger 38 den Schlagbolzen 35 gegen die Kraft seiner Feder 39 vorspannt und den kegelförmigen Haltekopf 36 zwischen den beiden Haltebügeln 34 einrastet. Ein zusätzlicher Sicherungsfinger 40 an der Sicherungswelle 37 verhindert hiebei, daß der Schlagbolzen 35 bei unbeabsichtigtem Ausklinken während des Spannens das Zündhütchen 23 der zugehörigen Sprengkapsel 8 erreicht. Erst nach sicherem Verankern des Schlagbolzens 35 in der gespannten Stellung, wird der Sicherungsfinger 40 aus dem Bewegungsbereich des Schlagbolzens geschwenkt, worauf der Knickzünder 11 entsichert ist.The kink igniter 11 can be seen in FIG. 3. For its actuation, a rod 29 is provided which projects upwards over the cover 3 of the housing 1 and is inserted into a hemispherical joint piece 30. This works when it is wasted kung on a pressure piece 31 and presses it against the force of a spring 32 down. A trigger pin 33 is connected to the pressure piece 31. This interacts with holding brackets 34 which are pressed against one another by springs (not shown) and between which a conical holding head 36 connected to the firing pin 35 can be anchored. The firing pin 35 is tensioned with the aid of a securing shaft 37, upon rotation of which a tensioning finger 38 prestresses the firing pin 35 against the force of its spring 39 and the conical holding head 36 engages between the two holding brackets 34. An additional securing finger 40 on the securing shaft 37 prevents the firing pin 35 from reaching the primer 23 of the associated detonator capsule 8 when it is unintentionally released during tensioning. Only after the firing pin 35 has been securely anchored in the tensioned position is the securing finger 40 pivoted out of the range of motion of the firing pin, whereupon the articulated fuse 11 is unlocked.

Der gleichfalls aus Fig. 3 zu entnehmende Entlastungszünder 12 besitzt als Auslöseorgan eine Auslöseplatte 41, die in der Ebene der Grundplatte 2 des Gehäuses 1 quer zur Plattenebene verschiebbar gelagert ist. Eine in der Zeichnung nicht dargestellte Feder belastet die Auslöseplatte 41 nach außen. An der Auslöseplatte 41 ist ein gleichfalls nicht dargestellter Auslösestift befestigt, in den ein Sicherungssplint 42 eingreift, der an der Seite des Deckels 3 des Gehäuses 1 verankert ist und zum Entsichern des Entlsastungszünders 12 abgezogen werden kann. Sobald der Sicherungssplint 42 entfernt ist, wird die Auslöseplatte 41 gegen die Kraft der sie nach außen belastenden Feder nur noch durch das Eigengewicht der Mine in der Ebene der Grundplatte 2 gehalten. Der nicht dargestellte Auslösestift verankert hiebei den Schlagbolzen, der ausgelöst wird und über ein Zündhütchen die zugehörige Sprengkapsel 8 zündet, sobald die Mine angehoben und hiebei die Auslöseplatte 41 durch ihre Feder aus der Grundplatte 2 herausgedrückt wird.The relief igniter 12, which can also be seen in FIG. 3, has a trigger plate 41 as a trigger element, which is slidably mounted in the plane of the base plate 2 of the housing 1 transversely to the plate plane. A spring, not shown in the drawing, loads the release plate 41 to the outside. A trigger pin, also not shown, is fastened to the trigger plate 41, into which a locking pin 42 engages, which is anchored to the side of the cover 3 of the housing 1 and can be pulled off to unlock the relief igniter 12. Once the split pin 42 is removed the release plate 41 is held against the force of the spring loading it outward only by the dead weight of the mine in the plane of the base plate 2. The trigger pin, not shown, anchors the firing pin, which is triggered and detonates the associated detonator 8 via a primer, as soon as the mine is lifted and the trigger plate 41 is pressed out of the base plate 2 by its spring.

,Der das vierte Zündsystem bildende Seitenzündkanal 13 ist aus den Fig. 1 und 2 zu erkennen. In diesen Seitenzündkanal 13 kann durch eine allenfalls verschließbare öffnung 43 in der Seitenwand des Deckels 3 des Gehäuses 1 eine zweckmäßig elektrisch zündbare Vorrichtung eingeschoben werden, welche die Sprengkapsel 8 zündet. Es ist auch möglich, durch die öffnung 43 Zünddrähte herauszuführen, die ein Zünden der Mine aus der Ferne ermöglichen. Auch eine Funkzündung oder eine Zündung durch Änderungen des Magnetfeldes oder des Induktionsfeldes sowie durch Bodenerschütterungen können im Rahmen der Erfindung verwendet werden.The side ignition channel 13 forming the fourth ignition system can be seen from FIGS. 1 and 2. An expediently electrically ignitable device which ignites the detonator capsule 8 can be inserted into this side ignition channel 13 through an optionally closable opening 43 in the side wall of the cover 3 of the housing 1. It is also possible to lead 43 ignition wires through the opening, which enable the mine to be ignited from a distance. A radio ignition or an ignition by changes in the magnetic field or the induction field and by vibrations in the ground can also be used within the scope of the invention.

Beim Verlegen der beschriebenen Landmine in einem Minenfeld wird bei jeder Mine immer nur ein Teil der Zündsysteme aktiviert. Das Minenfeld besteht dann aus gleich aussehenden und gleich aufgebauten Minen, die aber auf verschiedene äußere Einwirkungen ansprechen oder auch aus der Ferne gezündet werden können. Es ist deshalb für einen Gegner praktisch nicht möglich, das Minenfeld mit vertretbarem Aufwand zu entschärfen, auch wenn er die Bauart der verwendeten Minen genau kennt. Wenn die erfindungsgemäße Landmine mit zwei oder mehreren Sprengladungen versehen ist, die unterschiedlich wirken,z.B. mit einer Hohlladung und einer Schlagladung, können daraus Minenfelder aufgebaut werden, die auch von gut ausgerüsteten Gegnern praktisch nicht überwindbar sind.When laying the described land mine in a mine field, only a part of the ignition systems is activated for each mine. The minefield then consists of mines that look the same and have the same structure, but which respond to various external influences or can be detonated from a distance. It is therefore practically not possible for an opponent to defuse the minefield with reasonable effort, even if he knows the design of the mines used. If the land mine according to the invention with two or more explosives provided with different effects, for example with a hollow charge and a blow charge, minefields can be built from it that are practically impossible to overcome even by well-equipped opponents.

Claims (3)

1. Landmine, insbesondere zur Panzerabwehr, die mit wenigstens einer Sprengladung und einem Zünder versehen ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß unabhängig von der Anzahl der Sprengladungen (4,6) mindestens zwei Zünder (10,11,12,13) vorgesehen sind, und daß die Zünder (10,11,12,13) nach unterschiedlichen Zündsystemen arbeiten sowie unabhänig voneinander wahlweise aktivierbar sind.1. Land mine, in particular for anti-tank protection, which is provided with at least one explosive charge and one detonator, characterized in that at least two detonators (10, 11, 12, 13) are provided regardless of the number of explosive charges (4,6), and that the detonators (10, 11, 12, 13) work according to different ignition systems and can be activated independently of one another. 2. Landmine nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß wenigstens ein mechanisch oder pneumatisch betätigter Druckzünder (10) und ein Knickzünder (11) sowie eine Hohlladung (4) und eine Schlagladung (6) vorgesehen sind.2. Land mine according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one mechanically or pneumatically operated pressure igniter (10) and a kink igniter (11) as well as a shaped charge (4) and a blow charge (6) are provided. 3. Landmine nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zusätzlich zu anderen Zündern (10,11,12) wenigstens ein an der Außenseite der Mine mündender (43) Seitenzündkanal (13) vorgesehen ist, in den eine elektrisch oder elektronisch, allenfalls ferngesteuert zündbare Sprengkapsel einsetzbar ist.3. Land mine according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that in addition to other detonators (10, 11, 12) at least one on the outside of the mine (43) side ignition channel (13) is provided, in which an electrical or electronic, at most remotely ignitable detonator can be used.
EP19830890177 1982-10-11 1983-10-10 Land mine, in particular an anti-tank mine Expired EP0107643B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT374682A AT384673B (en) 1982-10-11 1982-10-11 LANDMINE, ESPECIALLY FOR ARMOR DEFENSE
AT3746/82 1982-10-11

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EP0107643A1 true EP0107643A1 (en) 1984-05-02
EP0107643B1 EP0107643B1 (en) 1987-07-22

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EP83890178A Expired EP0108742B1 (en) 1982-10-11 1983-10-10 Land mine, in particular an anti-tank mine

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AT (1) AT384673B (en)
DE (2) DE3369727D1 (en)

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1053566A (en) * 1952-04-08 1954-02-03 Commerce Internat Soc Et Improvements to explosive mines, particularly anti-tank mines
US2830538A (en) * 1953-07-31 1958-04-15 Albert O Dodge Automatic firing device
FR82801E (en) * 1950-08-11 1964-04-24 Alsacienne D Explosifs Et D Ap Explosive devices
US3410212A (en) * 1953-05-07 1968-11-12 Army Usa Anti-tank mine with binary explosive charge
CH563005A5 (en) * 1973-05-22 1975-06-13 Bofors Ab
DE3220108A1 (en) * 1981-06-03 1982-12-30 Naamloze Vennootschap Philips' Gloeilampenfabrieken, 5621 Eindhoven METHOD FOR ENDING AN EXPLOSIVE DEVICE AND EXPLOSIVE DEVICE OBTAINED IN THIS WAY
AT371932B (en) * 1981-11-12 1983-08-10 Assmann Geb TANKS

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US830538A (en) * 1904-08-19 1906-09-11 Albert H Stebbins Pneumatic vanner.
US2843042A (en) * 1951-08-04 1958-07-15 Montedison Spa Non-metallic mine fuse
DE1183410B (en) * 1962-05-26 1964-12-10 Karlsruhe Augsburg Iweka Metal-free igniter for mines
FR1605223A (en) * 1965-06-03 1973-08-31
SE417643B (en) * 1976-09-30 1981-03-30 Saab Scania Ab FOR HELPING SENSITIVE MEMORY TONATOR
FR2393261A1 (en) * 1977-06-01 1978-12-29 Ruggieri Ets Undetectable anti-tank mine - has pyrotechnic time delay fused arming device

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR82801E (en) * 1950-08-11 1964-04-24 Alsacienne D Explosifs Et D Ap Explosive devices
FR1053566A (en) * 1952-04-08 1954-02-03 Commerce Internat Soc Et Improvements to explosive mines, particularly anti-tank mines
US3410212A (en) * 1953-05-07 1968-11-12 Army Usa Anti-tank mine with binary explosive charge
US2830538A (en) * 1953-07-31 1958-04-15 Albert O Dodge Automatic firing device
CH563005A5 (en) * 1973-05-22 1975-06-13 Bofors Ab
DE3220108A1 (en) * 1981-06-03 1982-12-30 Naamloze Vennootschap Philips' Gloeilampenfabrieken, 5621 Eindhoven METHOD FOR ENDING AN EXPLOSIVE DEVICE AND EXPLOSIVE DEVICE OBTAINED IN THIS WAY
AT371932B (en) * 1981-11-12 1983-08-10 Assmann Geb TANKS

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0108742A1 (en) 1984-05-16
DE3372662D1 (en) 1987-08-27
ATA374682A (en) 1987-05-15
DE3369727D1 (en) 1987-03-12
AT384673B (en) 1987-12-28
EP0108742B1 (en) 1987-02-04
EP0107643B1 (en) 1987-07-22

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